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Antonioni A, Raho EM, Di Lorenzo F. Is blood pTau a reliable indicator of the CSF status? A narrative review. Neurol Sci 2024; 45:2471-2487. [PMID: 38129590 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-023-07258-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The identification of biomarkers for the early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a crucial goal of the current research. Blood biomarkers are less invasive, easier to obtain and achievable by a cheaper means than those on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and significantly more economic than functional neuroimaging investigations; thus, a great interest is focused on blood isoforms of the phosphorylated Tau protein (pTau), indicators of ongoing tau pathology (i.e. neurofibrillary tangles, NFTs, an AD neuropathological hallmark) in the central nervous system (CNS). However, current data often highlight discordant results about the ability of blood pTau to predict CSF status. OBJECTIVE We aim to synthesise the studies that compared pTau levels on CSF and blood to assess their correlation in AD continuum. METHODS We performed a narrative literature review using, first, MEDLINE (via PubMed) by means of MeSH terms, and then, we expanded the reults by means of Scopus and Web of Sciences to be as inclusive as possible. Finally, we added work following an expert opinion. Only papers presenting original data on pTau values on both blood and CSF were included. RESULTS The 33 included studies show an extreme heterogeneity in terms of pTau isoform (pTau181, 217 and 231), laboratory methods, diagnostic criteria and choice of comparison groups. Most studies evaluated plasma pTau181, while data on other isoforms and serum are scarcer. DISCUSSION Most papers identify a correlation between CSF and blood measurements. Furthermore, even when not specified, it is often possible to show an increase in blood pTau values as AD-related damage progresses in the AD continuum and higher values in AD than in other neurodegenerative diseases. Notably, plasma pTau231 seems the first biomarker to look for in the earliest and pre-clinical stages, quickly followed by pTau217 and, finally, by pTau181. CONCLUSIONS Our results encourage the use of blood pTau for the early identification of patients with AD continuum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annibale Antonioni
- Unit of Clinical Neurology, Neurosciences and Rehabilitation Department, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
- Doctoral Program in Translational Neurosciences and Neurotechnologies, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Emanuela Maria Raho
- Unit of Clinical Neurology, Neurosciences and Rehabilitation Department, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Francesco Di Lorenzo
- Non Invasive Brain Stimulation Unit, Istituto Di Ricovero E Cura a Carattere Scientifico Santa Lucia, 00179, Rome, Italy.
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Jhang KM, Liao GC, Wang WF, Tung YC, Yen SW, Wu HH. Caregivers' Burden on Patients with Dementia Having Multiple Chronic Diseases. Risk Manag Healthc Policy 2024; 17:1151-1163. [PMID: 38737420 PMCID: PMC11088409 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s454796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to find the caregiving burden level for patients with dementia who had multiple chronic diseases by simultaneously considering both patient and caregiver factors. Participants and Methods A cross-sectional study with 284 patients with dementia having multiple chronic diseases managed by the dementia collaborative care team at Changhua Christian Hospital in Taiwan was conducted. The input variables were from patients, such as age, gender, mood symptoms, and behavioral and psychological symptoms, and caregivers, including age, relation to the patient, caregiver's mood, and caregiving burden. The Apriori algorithm was employed to determine the association between patient and caregiver factors and different caregiving burden levels by setting up the minimum support of 1% and confidence of 90% along with lift >1. Results When caring for patients with dementia, twenty scenarios were found for caregivers with a severe burden. In addition, 1936 scenarios were related to caregivers with a moderate-to-severe burden. Specifically, there were eight scenarios for patients with three chronic diseases which could be further categorized into five general rules. Two hundred and fifty scenarios belonging to patients with two chronic diseases could be classified into 16 different combinations from eight chronic diseases of the database. Conclusion Caregiver's mood, patients with mild dementia, and patients aged 75-84 years were associated with a severe caregiving burden. College and above education of the caregiver, the patient aged 85 years or more, and at least one of caregiver's moods were the variables to result in a moderate-to-severe burden for caregivers caring for patients with three multiple chronic diseases. Moreover, college and above education of the caregiver, mood symptom, age of the caregiver, and age of the patient were important variables for caregivers who had a moderate-to-severe burden taking care of patients with two chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Ming Jhang
- Department of Neurology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Chun Liao
- Department of Business Administration, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Fu Wang
- Department of Neurology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chun Tung
- Department of Pharmacy, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Wei Yen
- Department of Information Management, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Hung Wu
- Department of Business Administration, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua, Taiwan
- Faculty of Education, State University of Malang, Malang, East Java, Indonesia
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Ai F, Li E, Dong A, Zhang H. Association between disability and cognitive function in older Chinese people: a moderated mediation of social relationships and depressive symptoms. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1354877. [PMID: 38689766 PMCID: PMC11058663 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1354877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Many previous studies have found that disability leads to cognitive impairment, and in order to better understand the underlying mechanisms between disability and cognitive impairment, the present study aimed to investigate the moderating role of social relationships, including their role as mediators between disability and cognitive impairment in depressive symptoms. Study design This is a cross-sectional study. Methods A total of 5,699 Chinese older adults from the 2018 China Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) were included in this study, and PROCESS macro was used to perform simple mediator and moderator mediator analyses, which were used to analyze the relationship between depressive symptoms and social relationships between disability and cognitive impairment. Results The results of this study showed significant correlations between disability, cognitive impairment, depressive symptoms, and social relationships, and that depressive symptoms mediated the relationship between disability and cognitive functioning [B = -0.232; 95% CI: (-0.304, -0.164)], and that social relationships mediated disability and cognitive functioning through pathway a (Disability-Depressive Symptoms) [B = 0.190; 95% CI: (0.020, 0.036)], path b (depressive symptoms-cognitive impairment) [B = 0.029; 95% CI: (0.015, 0.042)], and path c' (incapacitation-cognitive impairment) [B = 0.492; 95% CI: (0.298, 0.685)] to modulate the effect of incapacitation on cognitive impairment. In addition, social activities and social networks moderated the mediation model directly or indirectly, whereas social support moderated only the direct effect. Conclusion This study explains the intrinsic link between incapacitation and cognitive impairment in Chinese older adults, and that social relationships and depressive symptoms can directly or indirectly modulate the effects between them. This provides a basis for healthcare professionals to be able to better develop interventions that can be used to improve the level of cognitive functioning and mental health of older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Huijun Zhang
- Department of Nursing, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
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Hao H, Kim M. Moderating role of depression in the association between leisure activity and cognitive function among the disabled older people. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1345699. [PMID: 38680930 PMCID: PMC11045938 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1345699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background This study delves into the complex interaction between leisure activities and cognitive function in older people with disabilities, with a particular emphasis on the moderating influence of depression. Despite the well-documented cognitive benefits of leisure activities among the older people, the intricate relationship between depression and the association between leisure activities and cognitive function in this specific demographic has been rarely reported. Methods Drawing on data from the 2017-2018 Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS), this study meticulously examined a cohort of 713 participants aged 65-89 years. We constructed a moderation model to examine the impact of leisure activity on cognitive function in older people with disabilities, with depression levels as a moderating variable. Results We found a positive association between engagement in leisure activities and cognitive function, highlighting the potential cognitive advantages associated with leisure engagement among disabled older people. However, the present analysis also reveals a significant moderation effect of depression on this relationship, shedding light on the nuanced nature of this association. Specifically, elevated levels of depression emerge as a critical moderator, attenuating the otherwise favorable impact of leisure activities on cognitive function among older people contending with disabilities. Conclusion In conclusion, the findings provide a compelling rationale for tailored interventions that comprehensively target both leisure activity engagement and concurrent depression management, effectively fostering improvements in cognitive function among the cohort of disabled older people.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miok Kim
- Department of Social Welfare, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
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Chu SF, Liao KH, Wei L. Increasing Risk of Dementia Among Patients with Subsequent Epilepsy Within 2 Years Post-Traumatic Brain Injury: A Population-Based Case-Control Study. J Multidiscip Healthc 2024; 17:1447-1457. [PMID: 38577293 PMCID: PMC10992670 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s452086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Although the association between neurodegenerative diseases, such as dementia, and traumatic brain injury (TBI) has long been known, the association between dementia and TBI with epilepsy has been controversial. Aim This data-driven population-based study is designed to investigate the association between dementia and epilepsy after TBI within a 2-year period. Methods This case-control cohort study was conducted using the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database 2000 (LHID2000). We included 784 individuals ambulatory or hospitalized for TBI with epilepsy from 2001 to 2011, compared with 2992 patients with TBI without epilepsy who were matched for characteristics including sex, age, and healthcare resource use index date. Every participant was followed up for 5 years to ascertain any dementia development. Data were stratified and analyzed using the Cox proportional hazards regression. Results Through the 5-year follow-up period, 39 patients (5.21%) with TBI with epilepsy and 55 (1.53%) with TBI without epilepsy developed dementia. TBI with epilepsy was independently associated with a >3.03 times risk of dementia after correcting for age, sex, and comorbidities. Conclusion These findings suggest an increased risk of dementia in patients with TBI with epilepsy. Our research recommends that individuals with TBI and epilepsy be monitored more intensively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Fen Chu
- College of Nursing and Health Management, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kuo-Hsing Liao
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Critical Medicine, Department of Emergency and Critical Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Neurotraumatology and Intensive Care, Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li Wei
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Injury Prevention and Control, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Zhang S, Guo Z, Xu Y, Mi J, Liu J, Li Z, Xie X, Xu G. Transcranial magneto-acoustic stimulation improves spatial memory and modulates hippocampal neural oscillations in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1313639. [PMID: 38384480 PMCID: PMC10879395 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1313639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction In our study, we applied transcranial magneto-acoustic stimulation (TMAS), a technique based on focused ultrasound stimulation within a static magnetic field, in the APP/PS1 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (AD) to explore the feasibility of TMAS on improving AD related spatial memory deficits and abnormal neural oscillations. Methods The mice treated with TMAS once daily for 21 days. We recorded local field potential signals in the hippocampal CA1 region of the mice after TMAS treatment with in-vivo electrophysiology and evaluated the neural rehabilitative effect of TMAS with sharp-wave ripple (SWR), gamma oscillations during SWRs, and phase-amplitude coupling (PAC). The spatial memory function of the mice was examined by the Morris water maze (MWM) task. Results We found that TMAS improved the performance of MWM related spatial cognitive functions compared with AD group. Furthermore, our results implied that TMAS alleviated abnormalities in hippocampal SWRs, increased slow gamma power during SWRs, and promoted theta-slow gamma phase-amplitude coupling. These findings suggest that TMAS could have a positive influence on spatial memory through the modulation of neural oscillations. Discussion This work emphasizes the potential of TMAS to serve as a non-invasive method for Alzheimer's disease rehabilitation and promote the application of TMAS for the treatment of more neurological and brain aging diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
- Hebei key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetism and Neural Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetic Technology and Intelligent Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhongsheng Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
- Hebei key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetism and Neural Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetic Technology and Intelligent Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Yihao Xu
- Hebei key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetism and Neural Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetic Technology and Intelligent Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinrui Mi
- Hebei key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetism and Neural Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetic Technology and Intelligent Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Hebei key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetism and Neural Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetic Technology and Intelligent Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Zichun Li
- Hebei key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetism and Neural Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetic Technology and Intelligent Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaofeng Xie
- Hebei key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetism and Neural Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetic Technology and Intelligent Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Guizhi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
- Hebei key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetism and Neural Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetic Technology and Intelligent Health, Tianjin, China
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Sultana OF, Hia RA, Reddy PH. A Combinational Therapy for Preventing and Delaying the Onset of Alzheimer's Disease: A Focus on Probiotic and Vitamin Co-Supplementation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:202. [PMID: 38397800 PMCID: PMC10886126 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13020202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with a complex etiology, and effective interventions to prevent or delay its onset remain a global health challenge. In recent years, there has been growing interest in the potential role of probiotic and vitamin supplementation as complementary strategies for Alzheimer's disease prevention. This review paper explores the current scientific literature on the use of probiotics and vitamins, particularly vitamin A, D, E, K, and B-complex vitamins, in the context of Alzheimer's disease prevention and management. We delve into the mechanisms through which probiotics may modulate gut-brain interactions and neuroinflammation while vitamins play crucial roles in neuronal health and cognitive function. The paper also examines the collective impact of this combinational therapy on reducing the risk factors associated with Alzheimer's disease, such as oxidative stress, inflammation, and gut dysbiosis. By providing a comprehensive overview of the existing evidence and potential mechanisms, this review aims to shed light on the promise of probiotic and vitamin co-supplementation as a multifaceted approach to combat Alzheimer's disease, offering insights into possible avenues for future research and clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omme Fatema Sultana
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA;
| | - Raksa Andalib Hia
- Nutritional Sciences Department, College of Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA;
| | - P. Hemachandra Reddy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA;
- Nutritional Sciences Department, College of Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA;
- Public Health Department of Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
- Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, School Health Professions, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
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Gao J, Fan H, Wang X, Cheng Y, Hao J, Han S, Wu S. Association between serum omega-3 PUFAs levels and cognitive impairment in never medically treated first-episode patients with geriatric depression: A cross-sectional study. J Affect Disord 2024; 346:1-6. [PMID: 37923225 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.10.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Geriatric depression increases the public health burden and health care costs, reduces quality of life. Studies have shown the association between ω-3 PUFAs levels and inflammatory markers levels and depression, but few have explored the relationship between omega-3 PUFAs, inflammatory markers, and cognitive function in geriatric depression. This study aimed to compare the differences in ω-3 PUFAs levels and inflammatory markers between geriatric depression with cognitive impairment (CI) and those without CI. METHODS A total of three hundred and five elderly patients were recruited. In addition to collecting basic information, their blood specimens were collected to detect serum EPA, DHA, AA, TC, LDL-C, IL-6, TNF-α, and hs-CRP levels. The Hamilton depression scale (HAMD), Hamilton anxiety scale (HAMA), and The Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) were used to assess their depression, anxiety, and cognitive function, respectively. RESULTS Compared to those without CI, geriatric depression patients with CI had higher serum TC, LDL-C levels, lower EPA, DHA, and AA levels, and more elevated IL-6, TNF-α, and hs-CRP levels (all P < 0.05). Further linear regression analysis showed that EPA, DHA, and TNF-α, hs-CRP levels were significantly associated with the occurrence and the severity of CI. LIMITATIONS No causal relationship could be drawn due to the cross-sectional design. CONCLUSIONS Omega-3 PUFAs and inflammatory factors levels may predict CI in elderly patients with MDD in the future. Our findings suggest that ω-3 PUFAs (EPA and DHA) and inflammatory factors (TNF-α and CRP) may predict the occurrence and the severity of CI among elderly MDD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Gao
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Huiyu Fan
- Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | | | - Jingjing Hao
- Department of Psychiatry, The Mental Health Center of Tsingtao, Tsingtao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Siqi Han
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Suping Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China.
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Ren J, Xiao H. Exercise Intervention for Alzheimer's Disease: Unraveling Neurobiological Mechanisms and Assessing Effects. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:2285. [PMID: 38137886 PMCID: PMC10744739 DOI: 10.3390/life13122285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease and a major cause of age-related dementia, characterized by cognitive dysfunction and memory impairment. The underlying causes include the accumulation of beta-amyloid protein (Aβ) in the brain, abnormal phosphorylation, and aggregation of tau protein within nerve cells, as well as neuronal damage and death. Currently, there is no cure for AD with drug therapy. Non-pharmacological interventions such as exercise have been widely used to treat AD, but the specific molecular and biological mechanisms are not well understood. In this narrative review, we integrate the biology of AD and summarize the knowledge of the molecular, neural, and physiological mechanisms underlying exercise-induced improvements in AD progression. We discuss various exercise interventions used in AD and show that exercise directly or indirectly affects the brain by regulating crosstalk mechanisms between peripheral organs and the brain, including "bone-brain crosstalk", "muscle-brain crosstalk", and "gut-brain crosstalk". We also summarize the potential role of artificial intelligence and neuroimaging technologies in exercise interventions for AD. We emphasize that moderate-intensity, regular, long-term exercise may improve the progression of Alzheimer's disease through various molecular and biological pathways, with multimodal exercise providing greater benefits. Through in-depth exploration of the molecular and biological mechanisms and effects of exercise interventions in improving AD progression, this review aims to contribute to the existing knowledge base and provide insights into new therapeutic strategies for managing AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianchang Ren
- Institute of Sport and Health, Guangdong Provincial Kay Laboratory of Development and Education for Special Needs Child, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang 524037, China
- Institute of Sport and Health, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Haili Xiao
- Institute of Sport and Health, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang 524037, China;
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Espiritu AI, Hara T, Tolledo JK, Blair M, Burhan AM. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for apathy in patients with neurodegenerative conditions, cognitive impairment, stroke, and traumatic brain injury: a systematic review. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1259481. [PMID: 38034914 PMCID: PMC10684725 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1259481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We aimed to determine the effects and tolerability of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on apathy in patients with neurodegenerative conditions, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), stroke, and traumatic brain injury (TBI) via systematic review. Methods We conducted a systematic search in major electronic health databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and PsycINFO, covering the period from inception to June 2023. Comparative clinical trials and cohort studies, and studies with before-after designs were considered for inclusion. We used the Cochrane Risk of Bias and the National Institutes of Health (NIH) tools to assess methodological quality. Results Out of 258 records identified, 14 studies met our eligibility criteria (11 randomized controlled trials (RCT) and 3 studies utilized before-and-after designs) with a total of 418 patients (overall female-to-male ratio 1:1.17) included in the review. The overall methodological quality of the included studies was assessed to be fair to good. The stimulation parameters used varied considerably across the studies. The summary findings of our review indicate the following observations on the effects of rTMS on apathy: (1) the results of all included studies in Alzheimer's disease investigating the effects of rTMS on apathy have consistently shown a positive impact on apathy; (2) the majority of studies conducted in Parkinson's disease have not found statistically significant results; (3) a single study (RCT) on patients with primary progressive aphasia demonstrated significant beneficial effects of rTMS on apathy; (4) the trials conducted on individuals with MCI yielded varying conclusions; (5) one study (RCT) in chronic stroke suggested that rTMS might have the potential to improve apathy; (6) one study conducted on individuals with mild TBI did not find a significant favorable association on apathy; and (7) the use of different rTMS protocols on the populations described is generally safe. Conclusion The feasibility of utilizing rTMS as a treatment for apathy has been suggested in this review. Overall, limited evidence suggests that rTMS intervention may have the potential to modify apathy among patients with AD, PPA, MCI and chronic stroke, but less so in PD and mild TBI. These findings require confirmation by larger, well-designed clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian I. Espiritu
- Ontario Shores Centre for Mental Health Sciences, Whitby, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Takatoshi Hara
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Mervin Blair
- Ontario Shores Centre for Mental Health Sciences, Whitby, ON, Canada
- Lawson Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
| | - Amer M. Burhan
- Ontario Shores Centre for Mental Health Sciences, Whitby, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Antonioni A, Raho EM, Lopriore P, Pace AP, Latino RR, Assogna M, Mancuso M, Gragnaniello D, Granieri E, Pugliatti M, Di Lorenzo F, Koch G. Frontotemporal Dementia, Where Do We Stand? A Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11732. [PMID: 37511491 PMCID: PMC10380352 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a neurodegenerative disease of growing interest, since it accounts for up to 10% of middle-age-onset dementias and entails a social, economic, and emotional burden for the patients and caregivers. It is characterised by a (at least initially) selective degeneration of the frontal and/or temporal lobe, generally leading to behavioural alterations, speech disorders, and psychiatric symptoms. Despite the recent advances, given its extreme heterogeneity, an overview that can bring together all the data currently available is still lacking. Here, we aim to provide a state of the art on the pathogenesis of this disease, starting with established findings and integrating them with more recent ones. In particular, advances in the genetics field will be examined, assessing them in relation to both the clinical manifestations and histopathological findings, as well as considering the link with other diseases, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Furthermore, the current diagnostic criteria will be explored, including neuroimaging methods, nuclear medicine investigations, and biomarkers on biological fluids. Of note, the promising information provided by neurophysiological investigations, i.e., electroencephalography and non-invasive brain stimulation techniques, concerning the alterations in brain networks and neurotransmitter systems will be reviewed. Finally, current and experimental therapies will be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annibale Antonioni
- Unit of Clinical Neurology, Neurosciences and Rehabilitation Department, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Doctoral Program in Translational Neurosciences and Neurotechnologies, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Emanuela Maria Raho
- Unit of Clinical Neurology, Neurosciences and Rehabilitation Department, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Piervito Lopriore
- Neurological Institute, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Antonia Pia Pace
- Institute of Radiology, Department of Medicine, University of Udine, University Hospital S. Maria della Misericordia, Azienda Sanitaria-Universitaria Friuli Centrale, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Raffaela Rita Latino
- Complex Structure of Neurology, Emergency Department, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Martina Assogna
- Centro Demenze, Policlinico Tor Vergata, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', 00133 Rome, Italy
- Non Invasive Brain Stimulation Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Santa Lucia, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Michelangelo Mancuso
- Neurological Institute, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Daniela Gragnaniello
- Nuerology Unit, Neurosciences and Rehabilitation Department, Ferrara University Hospital, 44124 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Enrico Granieri
- Unit of Clinical Neurology, Neurosciences and Rehabilitation Department, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Maura Pugliatti
- Unit of Clinical Neurology, Neurosciences and Rehabilitation Department, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Francesco Di Lorenzo
- Non Invasive Brain Stimulation Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Santa Lucia, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Giacomo Koch
- Non Invasive Brain Stimulation Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Santa Lucia, 00179 Rome, Italy
- Iit@Unife Center for Translational Neurophysiology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Section of Human Physiology, Neurosciences and Rehabilitation Department, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
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12
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Noguchi-Shinohara M, Yokoyama K, Komatsu J, Masuda K, Kouno M, Yoshita M, Ono K. Exercise program to reduce the risk of cognitive decline and physical frailty in older adults: study protocol for an open label double-arm clinical trial. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1162765. [PMID: 37273649 PMCID: PMC10235445 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1162765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective It is a big problem that many older adults are physically inactive. Well-known benefits of physical exercise include a decrease in the risk of cognitive decline and physical frailty. Therefore, this study aims to examine whether our proposed exercise program can prevent cognitive decline and improve physical function in the elderly. Methods This study will include nondemented older adults (n = 103) without regular exercise habits. The trial will include a physical exercise training program (once a week) and nutritional lectures (once a month) over 5 months and follow-up for ≥1 year. The primary endpoint is the program's efficacy in preventing cognitive decline, as assessed by changes in the memory performance index of the mild cognitive impairment (MCI) screen; the secondary endpoints are the incidence of MCI and dementia, physical testing, and frailty proportion. In the exploratory phase of the study, we will elucidate the underlying diseases causing MCI in community-dwelling older adults by neuroimaging. Discussion This double-arm trial that aims to assess the impact of physical exercise on nondemented older adults' cognitive and physical function. Furthermore, our newly developed exercise program will be easy for older adults to undertake.Clinical Trial Registration: https://clinicaltrials.gov/, identifier [jRCT 1040220140].
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Affiliation(s)
- Moeko Noguchi-Shinohara
- Department of Neurology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kunihiko Yokoyama
- Department of Thyroidology, Public Central Hospital of Matto Ishikawa, Hakusan, Japan
| | - Junji Komatsu
- Department of Neurology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
- Department of Preemptive Medicine for Dementia, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kazumi Masuda
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Mitsunobu Kouno
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Kinjo University, Hakusan, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Yoshita
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization, Hokuriku National Hospital, Nanto, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Ono
- Department of Neurology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
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13
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Wang X, Yu S, Liu W, Lv P, Zhao L, Wang Y, Fu C, Meng L, Yang Q, Wang X, Huang Y, Zuo Z, Liu X. Relationship between IL-22 and IL-22BP in diabetic cognitive dysfunction. Acta Diabetol 2023; 60:631-644. [PMID: 36717397 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-022-02024-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CD4 + T helper (Th)22 cells play a regulatory role in autoimmune diseases such as type 1 diabetes mellitus. The Th22-related cytokine interleukin (IL)-22, the expression of which is increased in diabetes mellitus (DM), can act as a neurotrophic factor to protect neurons from apoptosis. Paradoxically, neuronal apoptosis and learning and memory decline occur in DM. In this study, we investigated the relationship between IL-22 and its receptors IL-22Rα1 and IL-22 binding protein (IL-22BP, a soluble inhibitor of IL-22) in diabetic encephalopathy (DE) and the effects of IL-22 on hippocampal neurons, learning and memory. METHODS A C57BL/6 mouse model of diabetes was constructed by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. The mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: the control group, diabetes group, diabetes + recombinantIL-22 (rIL-22) group and diabetes + IL-22BP group. The Morris water maze test was used to evaluate learning and memory, the expression of IL-22 was measured by ELISA, and Evans Blue staining was used to evaluate blood-brain barrier permeability. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to measure the mRNA expression of IL-22 and IL-22Rα1 in the hippocampus. The morphology and number of hippocampal neurons were assessed by Nissl staining, and TUNEL staining was used to detect hippocampal neuronal apoptosis. Immunofluorescence was used to analyze IL-22Rα1 expression and localization in hippocampus, and Western blotting was used to evaluate the expression of IL-22, IL-22Rα1, IL-22BP, and the apoptosis related proteins Caspase-3 and C-caspase-3. RESULTS Compared with those in the control group, mice in the diabetes group showed cognitive decline; apoptosis of hippocampal neurons; increased expression of hippocampal Caspase-3, C-Caspase-3, IL-22, IL-22Rα1, and IL-22BP; and a decreased IL-22/IL-22BP ratio. Learning and memory were improved, neuronal apoptosis was attenuated, IL-22Rα1 expression and the IL-22/IL-22BP ratio were increased, and caspase-3 and C-caspase-3 expression was decreased in the rIL-22-treated group compared with the diabetes group. IL-22BP treatment aggravated diabetic cognitive dysfunction and pathological alterations in the hippocampus, decreased the IL-22/IL-22BP ratio, and increased the expression of caspase-3 and C-caspase-3 in mice with diabetes. CONCLUSION A decrease in the IL-22/IL-22BP ratio plays an important role in diabetic cognitive dysfunction, and rIL-22 can effectively alleviate DE. Herein, we shed light on the interaction between IL-22 and IL-22BP as therapeutic targets for DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobai Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Diabetic Cognitive and Perceptive Dysfunction, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Shengxue Yu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Diabetic Cognitive and Perceptive Dysfunction, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Wenqiang Liu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Diabetic Cognitive and Perceptive Dysfunction, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Pan Lv
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Diabetic Cognitive and Perceptive Dysfunction, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Lipan Zhao
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Diabetic Cognitive and Perceptive Dysfunction, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Yufei Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Diabetic Cognitive and Perceptive Dysfunction, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Cong Fu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Diabetic Cognitive and Perceptive Dysfunction, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Lu Meng
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Diabetic Cognitive and Perceptive Dysfunction, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Qi Yang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Diabetic Cognitive and Perceptive Dysfunction, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Xuehua Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Diabetic Cognitive and Perceptive Dysfunction, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Diabetic Cognitive and Perceptive Dysfunction, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Zhongfu Zuo
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Diabetic Cognitive and Perceptive Dysfunction, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China.
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China.
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Postdoctoral Research Station, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.
| | - Xuezheng Liu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Diabetic Cognitive and Perceptive Dysfunction, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China.
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China.
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14
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Barba L, Otto M, Abu-Rumeileh S. The Underestimated Relevance of Alzheimer's Disease Copathology in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 95:1401-1404. [PMID: 37807784 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Concomitant Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology can be observed in approximately 10-15% of cases with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). ALS-AD patients have a higher prevalence of amnestic cognitive disturbances, which may often precede motor symptoms. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) AD core biomarkers usually show no or slightly significant changes in ALS, whereas blood phosphorylated tau protein might be increased independently from AD copathology. Neurofilament proteins are consistently elevated in CSF and blood of ALS, but have been poorly investigated in ALS-AD. All these issues should be taken into account when using fluid biomarkers as inclusion criteria or secondary endpoints in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Barba
- Department of Neurology, Martin-Luther-University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Markus Otto
- Department of Neurology, Martin-Luther-University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Samir Abu-Rumeileh
- Department of Neurology, Martin-Luther-University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
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15
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Synaptic Effects of Palmitoylethanolamide in Neurodegenerative Disorders. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12081161. [PMID: 36009055 PMCID: PMC9405819 DOI: 10.3390/biom12081161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence strongly supports the key role of neuroinflammation in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease, frontotemporal dementia, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neuroinflammation may alter synaptic transmission contributing to the progression of neurodegeneration, as largely documented in animal models and in patients’ studies. In the last few years, palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), an endogenous lipid mediator, and its new composite, which is a formulation constituted of PEA and the well-recognized antioxidant flavonoid luteolin (Lut) subjected to an ultra-micronization process (co-ultraPEALut), has been identified as a potential therapeutic agent in different disorders by exerting potential beneficial effects on neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation by modulating synaptic transmission. In this review, we will show the potential therapeutic effects of PEA in animal models and in patients affected by neurodegenerative disorders.
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16
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Proteomic Discovery and Validation of Novel Fluid Biomarkers for Improved Patient Selection and Prediction of Clinical Outcomes in Alzheimer’s Disease Patient Cohorts. Proteomes 2022; 10:proteomes10030026. [PMID: 35997438 PMCID: PMC9397030 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes10030026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an irreversible neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive cognitive decline. The two cardinal neuropathological hallmarks of AD include the buildup of cerebral β amyloid (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles of hyperphosphorylated tau. The current disease-modifying treatments are still not effective enough to lower the rate of cognitive decline. There is an urgent need to identify early detection and disease progression biomarkers that can facilitate AD drug development. The current established readouts based on the expression levels of amyloid beta, tau, and phospho-tau have shown many discrepancies in patient samples when linked to disease progression. There is an urgent need to identify diagnostic and disease progression biomarkers from blood, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), or other biofluids that can facilitate the early detection of the disease and provide pharmacodynamic readouts for new drugs being tested in clinical trials. Advances in proteomic approaches using state-of-the-art mass spectrometry are now being increasingly applied to study AD disease mechanisms and identify drug targets and novel disease biomarkers. In this report, we describe the application of quantitative proteomic approaches for understanding AD pathophysiology, summarize the current knowledge gained from proteomic investigations of AD, and discuss the development and validation of new predictive and diagnostic disease biomarkers.
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17
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Myers PS, O'Donnell JL, Jackson JJ, Lessov-Schlaggar CN, Miller RL, Foster ER, Cruchaga C, Benitez BA, Kotzbauer PT, Perlmutter JS, Campbell MC. Proteinopathy and Longitudinal Cognitive Decline in Parkinson Disease. Neurology 2022; 99:e66-e76. [PMID: 35418463 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000200344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES People with Parkinson disease (PD) commonly experience cognitive decline, which may relate to increased α-synuclein, tau, and β-amyloid accumulation. This study examines whether the different proteins predict longitudinal cognitive decline in PD. METHODS All participants (PD: n = 152; controls: n = 52) were part of a longitudinal study and completed a lumbar puncture for CSF protein analysis (α-synuclein, total tau (tau), and β-amyloid-42 (β-amyloid)), a β-amyloid PET scan, and/or provided a blood sample for ApoE genotype (ε4+, ε4-), which is a risk factor for β-amyloid accumulation. Participants also had comprehensive, longitudinal clinical assessments of overall cognitive function and dementia status as well as cognitive testing of attention, language, memory, visuospatial and executive function. We used hierarchical linear growth models to examine whether the different protein metrics predict cognitive change and multivariate Cox proportional hazard models to predict time to dementia conversion. Akaike Information Criterion was used to compare models for best fit. RESULTS Baseline measures of CSF β-amyloid predicted decline for memory (p = .04) and overall cognitive function (p = .01). ApoE genotypes showed a significant group (ε4+, ε4-) effect, such that ε4+ declined faster than ε4- in visuospatial function (p = .03). Baseline β-amyloid PET significantly predicted decline in all cognitive measures (all p ≤ .004). Neither baseline CSF α-synuclein nor tau predicted cognitive decline. All three β-amyloid-related metrics (CSF, PET, ApoE) also predicted time to dementia. Models with β-amyloid PET as a predictor fit the data the best. DISCUSSION Presence or risk of β-amyloid accumulation consistently predicted cognitive decline and time to dementia in PD. This suggests β-amyloid has high potential as a prognostic indicator and biomarker for cognitive changes in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter S Myers
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine
| | - John L O'Donnell
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine
| | - Joshua J Jackson
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis
| | | | - Rebecca L Miller
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine
| | - Erin R Foster
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine.,Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine.,Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine
| | - Carlos Cruchaga
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine.,Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine.,Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine
| | - Bruno A Benitez
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine
| | - Paul T Kotzbauer
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine
| | - Joel S Perlmutter
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine.,Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine.,Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine.,Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine.,Program in Physical Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine
| | - Meghan C Campbell
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine .,Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine
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18
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Araghi M, Shipley MJ, Anand A, Mills NL, Kivimaki M, Singh-Manoux A, Tabák A, Sabia S, Brunner EJ. Serum transthyretin and risk of cognitive decline and dementia: 22-year longitudinal study. Neurol Sci 2021; 42:5093-5100. [PMID: 33770310 PMCID: PMC9136660 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-021-05191-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Serum transthyretin (TTR) may be an early biomarker for Alzheimer's disease and related disorders (ADRD). We investigated associations of TTR measured at baseline with cognitive decline and incident ADRD and whether TTR trajectories differ between ADRD cases and non-cases, over 22 years before diagnosis. A total of 6024 adults aged 45-69 in 1997-1999 were followed up until 2019. TTR was assessed three times, and 297 cases of dementia were recorded. Higher TTR was associated with higher cognitive function at baseline; however, TTR was unrelated to subsequent change in cognitive function. TTR at baseline did not predict ADRD risk (hazard ratio per SD TTR (4.8 mg/dL) = 0.97; 95% confidence interval: 0.94-1.00). Among those later diagnosed with ADRD, there was a marginally steeper downward TTR trajectory than those free of ADRD over follow-up (P=0.050). Our findings suggest TTR is not neuroprotective. The relative decline in TTR level in the preclinical stage of ADRD is likely to be a consequence of disease processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Araghi
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7HB, UK.
| | - Martin J Shipley
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7HB, UK
| | - Atul Anand
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Nicholas L Mills
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mika Kivimaki
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7HB, UK
| | - Archana Singh-Manoux
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7HB, UK
- Inserm U1153, Epidemiology of Ageing and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Paris, France
| | - Adam Tabák
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7HB, UK
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University Faculty of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University Faculty of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Séverine Sabia
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7HB, UK
- Inserm U1153, Epidemiology of Ageing and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Paris, France
| | - Eric J Brunner
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7HB, UK
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19
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Ge F, Dong L, Zhu D, Lin X, Shi J, Xiao M. Comparison of Serum Triiodothyronine with Biomarkers for Alzheimer's Disease Continuum in Euthyroid Subjects. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 85:605-614. [PMID: 34864671 DOI: 10.3233/jad-215092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulating studies have implicated thyroid dysfunction in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore the association between thyroid hormone (TH) levels and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers for AD continuum among euthyroid subjects. METHODS In all, 93 clinically euthyroid subjects with a cognitive decline were included in this prospective cross-sectional study and were divided into groups with abnormal AD biomarkers (belonging to the "Alzheimer's continuum"; A+ patients) and those with "normal AD biomarkers" or "non-AD pathological changes" (A-patients), according to the ATN research framework classification for AD. A partial correlation analysis of serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) or TH levels with CSF biomarkers was conducted. The predictor for A+ patients was analyzed via binary logistic regressions. Finally, the diagnostic significance of individual biochemical predictors for A+ patients was estimated via receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. RESULTS Serum total triiodothyronine (TT3) and free triiodothyronine (FT3) levels were found to affect the levels of CSF amyloid-β (Aβ)42 and the ratios of Aβ 42/40. Further, FT3 was found to be a significant predictor for A+ via binary logistic regression modeling. Moreover, FT3 showed a high diagnostic value for A+ in euthyroid subjects. CONCLUSION Even in a clinical euthyroid state, low serum FT3 and TT3 levels appear to be differentially associated with AD-specific CSF changes. These data indicate that serum FT3 is a strong candidate for differential diagnosis between AD continuum and non-AD dementia, which benefits the early diagnosis and effective management of preclinical and clinical AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Ge
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Dong
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Donglin Zhu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xingjian Lin
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingping Shi
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming Xiao
- Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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20
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Contarino VE, Siggillino S, Arighi A, Scola E, Fumagalli GG, Conte G, Rotondo E, Galimberti D, Pietroboni AM, Carandini T, Leemans A, Bianchi AM, Triulzi FM. Association of Superficial White Matter Alterations with Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers and Cognitive Decline in Neurodegenerative Dementia. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 85:431-442. [PMID: 34864664 DOI: 10.3233/jad-215003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Superficial white matter (SWM) alterations correlated with cognitive decline have been described in Alzheimer's disease (AD). OBJECTIVE The study aims to extend the investigation of the SWM alterations to AD and non-AD neurodegenerative dementia (ND) and explore the relationship with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers and clinical data. METHODS From a database of 323 suspected dementia cases, we retrospectively recruited 55 ND with abnormal amyloid-β42 (AD) and 38 ND with normal amyloid-β42 (non-AD) and collected clinical data, CSF biomarkers, and magnetic resonance images. Ten healthy controls (HC) were recruited for imaging and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) measurements were performed in the lobar SWM regions and Kruskal Wallis tests were used for among-group comparison. Spearman's correlation tests were performed between DTI measures, CSF biomarkers, and clinical data. RESULTS AD and non-AD showed significant differences in the DTI measures across the SWM compared to HC. Significant differences between AD and non-AD were detected in the left parietal lobe. DTI measures correlated with amyloid-β42 and MMSE diffusely in the SWM, less extensively with total-tau and phosphorylated tau, and with disease duration in the parietal lobe bilaterally. CONCLUSION Widespread SWM alterations occur in both AD and non-AD ND and AD shows appreciably more severe alterations in the parietal SWM. Notably, the alterations in the SWM are strongly linked not only to the cognitive decline but also to the diagnostic CSF biomarkers. Further studies are encouraged to evaluate the DTI measures in the SWM as in vivo non-invasive biomarkers in the preclinical phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Elisa Contarino
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neuroradiology Unit, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Siggillino
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neuroradiology Unit, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Arighi
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neurodegenerative Disease Unit, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Scola
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neuroradiology Unit, Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgio Giulio Fumagalli
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neurodegenerative Disease Unit, Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgio Conte
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neuroradiology Unit, Milan, Italy.,Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuela Rotondo
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neurodegenerative Disease Unit, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Galimberti
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neurodegenerative Disease Unit, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Tiziana Carandini
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neurodegenerative Disease Unit, Milan, Italy
| | - Alexander Leemans
- Image Sciences Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Anna Maria Bianchi
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Maria Triulzi
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neuroradiology Unit, Milan, Italy.,Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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21
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Ling TC, Chang CC, Li CY, Sung JM, Sun CY, Tsai KJ, Cheng YY, Wu JL, Kuo YT, Chang YT. Development and validation of the dialysis dementia risk score: A retrospective, population-based, nested case-control study. Eur J Neurol 2021; 29:59-68. [PMID: 34561939 PMCID: PMC9293339 DOI: 10.1111/ene.15123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Dementia is prevalent and underdiagnosed in the dialysis population. We aimed to develop and validate a simple dialysis dementia scoring system to facilitate identification of individuals who are at high risk for dementia. Methods We applied a retrospective, nested case‐control study design using a national dialysis cohort derived from the National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan. Patients aged between 40 and 80 years were included and 2940 patients with incident dementia were matched to 29,248 non‐dementia controls. All subjects were randomly divided into the derivation and validation sets with a ratio of 4:1. Conditional logistic regression models were used to identify factors contributing to the risk score. The cutoff value of the risk score was determined by Youden's J statistic and the graphic method. Results The dialysis dementia risk score (DDRS) finally included age and 10 comorbidities as risk predictors. The C‐statistic of the model was 0.71 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.70–0.72). Calibration revealed a strong linear relationship between predicted and observed dementia risk (R2 = 0.99). At a cutoff value of 50 points, the high‐risk patients had an approximately three‐fold increased risk of having dementia compared to those with low risk (odds ratio [OR] 3.03, 95% CI 2.78–3.31). The DDRS performance, including discrimination (C‐statistic 0.71, 95% CI 0.69–0.73) and calibration (p value of Hosmer−Lemeshow test for goodness of fit = 0.18), was acceptable during validation. The OR value (2.82, 95% CI 2.37–3.35) was similar to those in the derivation set. Conclusion The DDRS system has the potential to serve as an easily accessible screening tool to determine the high‐risk groups who deserve subsequent neurological evaluation in daily clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsai-Chieh Ling
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Chih Chang
- Department of Neurology, Cognition and Aging Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yi Li
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Public Health, College of Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Junne-Ming Sung
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yao Sun
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Kuen-Jer Tsai
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Yun Cheng
- Department of Environmental Health, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jia-Ling Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Kuo
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Tzu Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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22
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Raji CA, Torosyan N, Silverman DHS. Optimizing Use of Neuroimaging Tools in Evaluation of Prodromal Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 77:935-947. [PMID: 32804147 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease and is characterized by preclinical, pre-dementia, and dementia phases. Progression of the disease leads to cognitive decline and is associated with loss of functional independence, personality changes, and behavioral disturbances. Current guidelines for AD diagnosis include the use of neuroimaging tools as biomarkers for identifying and monitoring pathological changes. Various imaging modalities, namely magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) and PET with amyloid-beta tracers are available to facilitate early accurate diagnoses. Enhancing diagnosis in the early stages of the disease can allow for timely interventions that can delay progression of the disease. This paper will discuss the characteristic findings associated with each of the imaging tools for patients with AD, with a focus on FDG-PET due to its established accuracy in assisting with the differential diagnosis of dementia and discussion of other methods including MRI. Diagnostically-relevant features to aid clinicians in making a differential diagnosis will also be pointed out and multimodal imaging will be reviewed. We also discuss the role of quantification software in interpretation of brain imaging. Lastly, to guide evaluation of patients presenting with cognitive deficits, an algorithm for optimal integration of these imaging tools will be shared. Molecular imaging modalities used in dementia evaluations hold promise toward identifying AD-related pathology before symptoms are fully in evidence. The work describes state of the art functional and molecular imaging methods for AD. It will also overview a clinically applicable quantitative method for reproducible assessments of such scans in the early identification of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyrus A Raji
- Ahmanson Translational Imaging Division, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Nare Torosyan
- Ahmanson Translational Imaging Division, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Daniel H S Silverman
- Ahmanson Translational Imaging Division, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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23
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Tan ZX, Dong F, Wu LY, Feng YS, Zhang F. The Beneficial Role of Exercise on Treating Alzheimer's Disease by Inhibiting β-Amyloid Peptide. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:5890-5906. [PMID: 34415486 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02514-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with a very large burden on global healthcare systems. Thus, it is imperative to find effective treatments of the disease. One feature of AD is the accumulation of neurotoxic β-amyloid peptide (Aβ). Aβ induces multiple pathological processes that are deleterious to nerve cells. Despite the development of medications that target the reduction of Aβ to treat AD, none has proven to be effective to date. Non-pharmacological interventions, such as physical exercise, are also being studied. The benefits of exercise on AD are widely recognized. Experimental and clinical studies have been performed to verify the role that exercise plays in reducing Aβ deposition to alleviate AD. This paper reviewed the various mechanisms involved in the exercise-induced reduction of Aβ, including the regulation of amyloid precursor protein cleaved proteases, the glymphatic system, brain-blood transport proteins, degrading enzymes and autophagy, which is beneficial to promote exercise therapy as a means of prevention and treatment of AD and indicates that exercise may provide new therapeutic targets for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Xuan Tan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 139 Ziqiang Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050051, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Dong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050051, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin-Yu Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 139 Ziqiang Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050051, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Shuo Feng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 139 Ziqiang Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050051, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 139 Ziqiang Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050051, People's Republic of China. .,Hebei Key Laboratory of Critical Disease Mechanism and Intervention, Shijiazhuang, 050051, People's Republic of China.
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24
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Sancesario GM, Di Lazzaro G, Alwardat M, Biticchi B, Basile V, Salimei C, Colona VL, Sinibaldi Salimei P, Bernardini S, Mercuri NB, Pisani A, Schirinzi T. Amyloid-β42/Neurogranin Ratio as a Potential Index for Cognitive Impairment in Parkinson's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 76:1171-1178. [PMID: 32597810 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Synaptopathy is critical in pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease (PD). Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of neurogranin (NG) and amyloid-β42 (Aβ42) are considered markers of synaptic dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the CSF synaptopathy-related biomarkers, especially the novel Aβ42/NG ratio, in PD, establishing possible associations with cognitive level and other clinical parameters. METHODS Levels of NG, Aβ42, amyloid-β40, total and phosphorylated tau, and Aβ42/NG ratio were measured in 30 PD patients and 30 controls and correlated with cognitive and motor parameters. The accuracy in distinguishing the cognitive status was determined. RESULTS NG and Aβ42 were significantly reduced in PD, with higher NG levels in patients with worse cognition. The Aβ42/NG ratio showed a direct correlation with Mini-Mental State Examination, independently from age and sex, and differentiated cognitively impaired patients with 92% sensitivity and 71.4% specificity, accuracy higher than NG alone. No correlations resulted with motor disturbances or therapy. CONCLUSIONS The novel Aβ42/NG ratio couples either presynaptic or postsynaptic markers of synaptic dysfunction, representing a potential global index of synaptopathy, useful to track cognitive functions in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Maria Sancesario
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.,Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Di Lazzaro
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Mohammad Alwardat
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Benedetta Biticchi
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Valerio Basile
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Salimei
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Vito Luigi Colona
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Sergio Bernardini
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Biagio Mercuri
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.,Department of Systems Medicine, University of Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Pisani
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.,Department of Systems Medicine, University of Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Tommaso Schirinzi
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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25
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Platycodon grandiflorum Root Protects against Aβ-Induced Cognitive Dysfunction and Pathology in Female Models of Alzheimer's Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10020207. [PMID: 33535469 PMCID: PMC7912782 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease characterized by irreversible cognitive dysfunction. Amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide is an important pathological factor that triggers the progression of AD through accumulation and aggregation, which leads to AD-related pathologies that consequently affect cognitive functions. Interestingly, several studies have reported that Platycodon grandiflorum root extract (PGE), besides exhibiting other bioactive effects, displays neuroprotective, anti-neuroinflammatory, and cognitive-enhancing effects. However, to date, it is not clear whether PGE can affect AD-related cognitive dysfunction and pathogenesis. Therefore, to investigate whether PGE influences cognitive impairment in an animal model of AD, we conducted a Y-maze test using a 5XFAD mouse model. Oral administration of PGE for 3 weeks at a daily dose of 100 mg/kg significantly ameliorated cognitive impairment in 5XFAD mice. Moreover, to elucidate the neurohistological mechanisms underlying the PGE-mediated alleviative effect on cognitive dysfunction, we performed histological analysis of hippocampal formation in these mice. Histopathological analysis showed that PGE significantly alleviated AD-related pathologies such as Aβ accumulation, neurodegeneration, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation. In addition, we observed a neuroprotective and antioxidant effect of PGE in mouse hippocampal neurons. Our findings suggest that administration of PGE might act as one of the therapeutic agents for AD by decreasing Aβ related pathology and ameliorating Aβ induced cognitive impairment.
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26
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Zenuni H, Grillo P, Sancesario GM, Bernardini S, Mercuri NB, Schirinzi T. How Comorbidity Reflects on Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers of Neurodegeneration in Aging. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2021; 5:87-92. [PMID: 33681720 PMCID: PMC7902985 DOI: 10.3233/adr-200280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic comorbidity precipitates the risk for dementia. To comprehend the underlying mechanisms into a therapeutic perspective, we analyzed how comorbidity affects neurodegeneration-related cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers of 55 cognitively intact subjects. The Charson Comorbidity Index (CCI) was correlated with CSF amyloid-β42 (Aβ42), amyloid-β40, total-tau, 181-phosphorylated-tau (p-tau), the Aβ42/p-tau ratio, neurogranin, and lactate. The age-related brain lesions at imaging were also considered. CCI had a raw association with Aβ42/p-tau and p-tau, and a stronger, age-independent correlation with lactate. These preliminary findings suggested that, in normal subjects, systemic comorbidity might increase CNS oxidative stress and, together with aging, contribute to develop an Alzheimer's disease-like biochemical profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henri Zenuni
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Piergiorgio Grillo
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Sergio Bernardini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Biagio Mercuri
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Tommaso Schirinzi
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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27
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Pietroboni AM, Colombi A, Carandini T, Scarpini E, Galimberti D, Bozzali M. The Role of Amyloid-β in White Matter Damage: Possible Common Pathogenetic Mechanisms in Neurodegenerative and Demyelinating Diseases. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 78:13-22. [PMID: 32925075 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Just as multiple sclerosis (MS) has long been primarily considered a white matter (WM) disease, Alzheimer's disease (AD) has for decades been regarded only as a grey matter disorder. However, convergent evidences have suggested that WM abnormalities are also important components of AD, at the same extent as axonal and neuronal loss is critically involved in MS pathophysiology since early clinical stages. These observations have motivated a more thorough investigation about the possible mechanisms that could link neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration, focusing on amyloid-β (Aβ). Neuroimaging studies have found that patients with AD have widespread WM abnormalities already at the earliest disease stages and prior to the presence of Aβ plaques. Moreover, a correlation between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Aβ levels and WM lesion load was found. On the other hand, recent studies suggest a predictive role for CSF Aβ levels in MS, possibly due in the first instance to the reduced capacity for remyelination, consequently to a higher risk of WM damage progression, and ultimately to neuronal loss. We undertook a review of the recent findings concerning the involvement of CSF Aβ levels in the MS disease course and of the latest evidence of AD related WM abnormalities, with the aim to discuss the potential causes that may connect WM damage and amyloid pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Pietroboni
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.,University of Milan, Dino Ferrari Centre, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Tiziana Carandini
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.,University of Milan, Dino Ferrari Centre, Milan, Italy
| | - Elio Scarpini
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.,University of Milan, Dino Ferrari Centre, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Galimberti
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.,University of Milan, Dino Ferrari Centre, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Bozzali
- Department of Neuroscience 'Rita Levi Montalcini', University of Torino, Turin, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
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28
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Cheng Q, Wu M, Wu Y, Hu Y, Kwapong WR, Shi X, Fan Y, Yu X, He J, Wang Z. Weaker Braking Force, A New Marker of Worse Gait Stability in Alzheimer Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:554168. [PMID: 33024432 PMCID: PMC7516124 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.554168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Braking force is a gait marker associated with gait stability. This study aimed to determine the alteration of braking force and its correlation with gait stability in Alzheimer disease (AD). Methods: A total of 32 AD patients and 32 healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled in this study. Gait parameters (braking force, gait variability, and fall risk) in the walking tests of Free walk, Barrier, and Count backward were measured by JiBuEn® gait analysis system. Gait variability was calculated by the coefficient of variation (COV) of stride time, stance time, and swing time. Results: The braking force of AD was significantly weaker than HCs in three walking tests (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, P = 0.007). Gait variability of AD showed significant elevation than HCs in the walking of Count backward (COVstride: P = 0.013; COVswing: P = 0.006). Fall risk of AD was significantly higher than HCs in three walking tests (P = 0.001, P = 0.001, P = 0.001). Braking force was negatively associated with fall risks in three walking tests (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, P < 0.001). There were significant negative correlations between braking force and gait variability in the walking of Free walk (COVstride: P = 0.018; COVswing: P = 0.013) and Barrier (COVstride: P = 0.002; COVswing: P = 0.001), but not Count backward (COVstride: P = 0.888; COVswing: P = 0.555). Conclusion: Braking force was weaker in AD compared to HCs, reflecting the worse gait stability of AD. Our study suggests that weakening of braking force may be a new gait marker to indicate cognitive and motor impairment and predict fall risk in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Cheng
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Mengxuan Wu
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yuemin Wu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yaoyao Hu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | | | - Xiang Shi
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yinying Fan
- Wenzhou Yining Geriatric Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xin Yu
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jincai He
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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29
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Schirinzi T, Canevelli M, Suppa A, Bologna M, Marsili L. The continuum between neurodegeneration, brain plasticity, and movement: a critical appraisal. Rev Neurosci 2020; 31:723-742. [DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2020-0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
While the “physiological” aging process is associated with declines in motor and cognitive features, these changes do not significantly impair functions and activities of daily living. Differently, motor and cognitive impairment constitute the most common phenotypic expressions of neurodegeneration. Both manifestations frequently coexist in the same disease, thus making difficult to detect “pure” motor or cognitive conditions. Movement disorders are often characterized by cognitive disturbances, and neurodegenerative dementias often exhibit the occurrence of movement disorders. Such a phenotypic overlap suggests approaching these conditions by highlighting the commonalities of entities traditionally considered distinct. In the present review, we critically reappraised the common clinical and pathophysiological aspects of neurodegeneration in both animal models and patients, looking at motricity as a trait d’union over the spectrum of neurodegeneration and focusing on synaptopathy and oscillopathy as the common pathogenic background. Finally, we discussed the possible role of movement as neuroprotective intervention in neurodegenerative conditions, regardless of the etiology. The identification of commonalities is critical to drive future research and develop novel possible disease-modifying interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Schirinzi
- Department of Systems Medicine , University of Rome Tor Vergata , Rome , Italy
| | - Marco Canevelli
- Department of Human Neurosciences , Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy
- National Center for Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Health , Rome , Italy
| | - Antonio Suppa
- Department of Human Neurosciences , Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy
- IRCCS Neuromed , Pozzilli , IS , Italy
| | - Matteo Bologna
- Department of Human Neurosciences , Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy
- IRCCS Neuromed , Pozzilli , IS , Italy
| | - Luca Marsili
- Department of Neurology, Gardner Family Center for Parkinson’s Disease and Movement Disorders , University of Cincinnati , 260 Stetson Street , Cincinnati , 45219, OH , USA
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30
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Nguyen TT, Ta QTH, Nguyen TKO, Nguyen TTD, Vo VG. Role of Body-Fluid Biomarkers in Alzheimer's Disease Diagnosis. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:diagnostics10050326. [PMID: 32443860 PMCID: PMC7277970 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10050326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative disease that requires extremely specific biomarkers for its diagnosis. For current diagnostics capable of identifying AD, the development and validation of early stage biomarkers is a top research priority. Body-fluid biomarkers might closely reflect synaptic dysfunction in the brain and, thereby, could contribute to improving diagnostic accuracy and monitoring disease progression, and serve as markers for assessing the response to disease-modifying therapies at early onset. Here, we highlight current advances in the research on the capabilities of body-fluid biomarkers and their role in AD pathology. Then, we describe and discuss current applications of the potential biomarkers in clinical diagnostics in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuy Trang Nguyen
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HUTECH), Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam;
| | - Qui Thanh Hoai Ta
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Danang 550000, Vietnam;
| | - Thi Kim Oanh Nguyen
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh City University of Food Industry, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam;
| | - Thi Thuy Dung Nguyen
- Faculty of Environmental and Food Engineering, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Vietnam
- Correspondence: (T.T.D.N.); (V.G.V.)
| | - Van Giau Vo
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Environment, Gachon University, 1342 Sungnam-daero, Sujung-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 461-701, Korea
- Department of BionanoTechnology, Gachon University, 1342 Sungnam-daero, Sujung-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 461-701, Korea
- Correspondence: (T.T.D.N.); (V.G.V.)
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31
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Silva MVF, Loures CDMG, Alves LCV, de Souza LC, Borges KBG, Carvalho MDG. Alzheimer's disease: risk factors and potentially protective measures. J Biomed Sci 2019; 26:33. [PMID: 31072403 PMCID: PMC6507104 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-019-0524-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 353] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia and typically manifests through a progressive loss of episodic memory and cognitive function, subsequently causing language and visuospatial skills deficiencies, which are often accompanied by behavioral disorders such as apathy, aggressiveness and depression. The presence of extracellular plaques of insoluble β-amyloid peptide (Aβ) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) containing hyperphosphorylated tau protein (P-tau) in the neuronal cytoplasm is a remarkable pathophysiological cause in patients' brains. Approximately 70% of the risk of developing AD can be attributed to genetics. However, acquired factors such as cerebrovascular diseases, diabetes, hypertension, obesity and dyslipidemia increase the risk of AD development. The aim of the present minireview was to summarize the pathophysiological mechanism and the main risk factors for AD. As a complement, some protective factors associated with a lower risk of disease incidence, such as cognitive reserve, physical activity and diet will also be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Vinícius Ferreira Silva
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627 - Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil.
| | - Cristina de Mello Gomide Loures
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627 - Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Luan Carlos Vieira Alves
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627 - Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Cruz de Souza
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Prof. Alfredo Balena, 190 - Santa Efigênia, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 30130-100, Brazil
| | - Karina Braga Gomes Borges
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627 - Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Maria das Graças Carvalho
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627 - Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
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Alwardat M, Schirinzi T, Di Lazzaro G, Sancesario GM, Franco D, Imbriani P, Sinibaldi Salimei P, Bernardini S, Mercuri NB, Pisani A. Association between physical activity and dementia's risk factors in patients with Parkinson's disease. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2019; 126:319-325. [PMID: 30746564 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-019-01979-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that physical activity (PA) exerts beneficial effects on neurodegenerative processes, either as symptomatic relief or disease-modifying strategy. Actually, it may represent a viable neuroprotective intervention in Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD), a severe, frequent, and untreatable complication of Parkinson's disease (PD). According to such hypothesis, this cross-sectional study tested, in PD patients, the association between levels of PA and well-known risk factors for PDD, such as mood disorders and amyloid-β42 CSF content. Amount of PA was measured by the International Physical Activity Questionnaires-Short Form (IPAQ-SF) in 128 cognitively intact PD patients and correlated with the Hamilton-Depression (HAM-D) and the Hamilton-Anxiety (HAM-A) scores; in a homogenous subgroup of 40 patients, it was further correlated with a panel of CSF biomarkers, including amyloid-β42, total α-synuclein, total, and phosphorylated tau. The statistical model was corrected for the main potential confounding factors (motor impairment, dopaminergic treatment, disease duration, age, and sex). Both the HAM-A and HAM-D scores, as well as the Aβ42 CSF content, improved in parallel with the increase of the total week amount of PA. Although with several limitations, we preliminarily demonstrated that a high level of PA is associated with a more favourable profile of PDD risk factors, in terms of both mood disturbances and CSF markers of neurodegeneration. However, confirmative studies are necessary to validate the efficacy of PA as protective intervention for PDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Alwardat
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Roma "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, 00135, Rome, Italy
| | - Tommaso Schirinzi
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Roma "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, 00135, Rome, Italy.
| | - Giulia Di Lazzaro
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Roma "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, 00135, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Maria Sancesario
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Roma "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, Rome, 00135, Italy
| | - Donatella Franco
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Roma "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, 00135, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Imbriani
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Roma "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, 00135, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Sinibaldi Salimei
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Roma "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, Rome, 00135, Italy
| | - Sergio Bernardini
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Roma "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, Rome, 00135, Italy
| | - Nicola Biagio Mercuri
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Roma "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, 00135, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Pisani
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Roma "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, 00135, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
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33
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Clinical value of CSF amyloid-beta-42 and tau proteins in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2018; 125:1373-1379. [DOI: 10.1007/s00702-018-1893-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Rahimi F. Aptamers Selected for Recognizing Amyloid β-Protein-A Case for Cautious Optimism. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19030668. [PMID: 29495486 PMCID: PMC5877529 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19030668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aptamers are versatile oligonucleotide ligands used for molecular recognition of diverse targets. However, application of aptamers to the field of amyloid β-protein (Aβ) has been limited so far. Aβ is an intrinsically disordered protein that exists in a dynamic conformational equilibrium, presenting time-dependent ensembles of short-lived, metastable structures and assemblies that have been generally difficult to isolate and characterize. Moreover, despite understanding of potential physiological roles of Aβ, this peptide has been linked to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease, and its pathogenic roles remain controversial. Accumulated scientific evidence thus far highlights undesirable or nonspecific interactions between selected aptamers and different Aβ assemblies likely due to the metastable nature of Aβ or inherent affinity of RNA oligonucleotides to β-sheet-rich fibrillar structures of amyloidogenic proteins. Accordingly, lessons drawn from Aβ–aptamer studies emphasize that purity and uniformity of the protein target and rigorous characterization of aptamers’ specificity are important for realizing and garnering the full potential of aptamers selected for recognizing Aβ or other intrinsically disordered proteins. This review summarizes studies of aptamers selected for recognizing different Aβ assemblies and highlights controversies, difficulties, and limitations of such studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farid Rahimi
- Division of Biomedical Science and Biochemistry, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
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35
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Schirinzi T, Di Lazzaro G, Sancesario GM, Colona VL, Scaricamazza E, Mercuri NB, Martorana A, Sancesario G. Levels of amyloid-beta-42 and CSF pressure are directly related in patients with Alzheimer's disease. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2017; 124:1621-1625. [PMID: 28866757 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-017-1786-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Experimental data suggest that the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dynamic is involved in the clearance of beta-amyloid, a key event in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). At this regard no evidence still exists in vivo. In this study we explored the relationships between CSF pressure and AD pathology, as measured with CSF core biomarkers. We enrolled 16 patients with probable AD and 21 controls, collecting demographics, clinical data, CSF opening pressure and CSF levels of beta-amyloid-42 fragment (Aβ42), total-tau (t-tau), phosphorylated-tau-181 (p-tau), albumin and albumin ratio. Differences between the groups were calculated with non-parametric tests, while correlations among all parameters were separately calculated with Spearman's test in each group. The groups significantly differed in biomarkers' concentration with lower Aβ42, and higher t-tau and p-tau in AD patients. Moreover, CSF pressure was significantly lower in AD group (11.0 ± 2.8 vs. 13.3 ± 3.0 mmHg, p < 0.05) and directly correlated with Aβ42 levels (R = 0.512; p < 0.05), but not with other biomarkers or parameters. No significant correlations emerged for biomarkers in control group. AD patients exhibit low CSF pressure whose values are directly and selectively related to CSF Aβ42 levels. This interesting correlation may confirm in vivo the association between CSF dynamic and beta-amyloid metabolism occurring in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Schirinzi
- Neurology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Roma Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy. .,Department of Neurosciences, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, Rome, Italy.
| | - Giulia Di Lazzaro
- Neurology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Roma Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Vito Luigi Colona
- Neurology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Roma Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Eugenia Scaricamazza
- Neurology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Roma Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Biagio Mercuri
- Neurology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Roma Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Martorana
- Neurology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Roma Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Sancesario
- Neurology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Roma Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
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36
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Di Lorenzo F, Ponzo V, Bonnì S, Motta C, Negrão Serra PC, Bozzali M, Caltagirone C, Martorana A, Koch G. Long-term potentiation-like cortical plasticity is disrupted in Alzheimer's disease patients independently from age of onset. Ann Neurol 2016; 80:202-10. [DOI: 10.1002/ana.24695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Di Lorenzo
- Non Invasive Brain Stimulation Unit/Department of Behavioral and Clinical Neurology; Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS; Rome Italy
- Department of Systems Medicine; University of Rome Tor Vergata; Rome Italy
| | - Viviana Ponzo
- Non Invasive Brain Stimulation Unit/Department of Behavioral and Clinical Neurology; Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS; Rome Italy
| | - Sonia Bonnì
- Non Invasive Brain Stimulation Unit/Department of Behavioral and Clinical Neurology; Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS; Rome Italy
| | - Caterina Motta
- Non Invasive Brain Stimulation Unit/Department of Behavioral and Clinical Neurology; Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS; Rome Italy
- Department of Systems Medicine; University of Rome Tor Vergata; Rome Italy
| | | | - Marco Bozzali
- Neuroimaging Laboratory; Santa Lucia Foundation, IRCCS; Rome Italy
| | - Carlo Caltagirone
- Non Invasive Brain Stimulation Unit/Department of Behavioral and Clinical Neurology; Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS; Rome Italy
- Department of Systems Medicine; University of Rome Tor Vergata; Rome Italy
| | | | - Giacomo Koch
- Non Invasive Brain Stimulation Unit/Department of Behavioral and Clinical Neurology; Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS; Rome Italy
- Stroke Unit, Department of Neuroscience; Tor Vergata Policlinic; Rome Italy
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