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Macho S, Andrés A, Saldaña C. Anti-fat attitudes among Spanish general population: Psychometric properties of the anti-fat attitudes scale. Clin Obes 2022; 12:e12543. [PMID: 35848847 PMCID: PMC9786687 DOI: 10.1111/cob.12543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Weight discrimination is one of the worst forms of prejudice and is deeply rooted in society. The aim of this study was to adapt the anti-fat attitudes scale (AFA) to the Spanish general population. The sample consisted of 1248 participants from the Spanish community population. They were recruited through the internet and participated voluntarily. Women (77.8%) were more predominant than men. Regarding body weight categories, 5.3% were underweight, 43.5% were normal-weight, 24.9% were overweight and 26.3% had obesity. A cross-validation method with an exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the three-factor structure of the AFA. The Spanish version of the AFA showed a satisfactory internal consistency for all three factors, as well as adequate test-retest reliability after a 1-month interval. Finally, the Spanish version of the AFA seems to be an adequate tool to assess negative attitudes towards obesity in both clinical and research settings. Men presented more negative attitudes towards obesity and were convinced that obesity is under someone's control. Women presented more fear of gaining weight. Normal-weight people were those who discriminated more. Participants with overweight or obesity suffered more fear of gaining weight. There was no intra-group discrimination between individuals with overweight and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Macho
- Departament de Psicologia Clínica i PsicobiologiaUniversitat de Barcelona (UB), Passeig Vall d'Hebron171, 08035BarcelonaSpain
| | - Ana Andrés
- Faculty of Psychology, Education and Sport SciencesRamon Llull UniversityBarcelonaSpain
| | - Carmina Saldaña
- Departament de Psicologia Clínica i PsicobiologiaUniversitat de Barcelona (UB), Passeig Vall d'Hebron171, 08035BarcelonaSpain
- Institut de NeurociènciesUniversitat de Barcelona (UB)BarcelonaSpain
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Endo S, Kasuga H, Yusuke M, Hidaka T, Kakamu T, Fukushima T. Reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the weight bias internalization scale. BMC Res Notes 2022; 15:333. [PMID: 36273190 PMCID: PMC9588207 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-022-06221-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The weight bias internalization scale (WBIS) is widely used in several languages. However, there is no Japanese version of the WBIS. The purpose of this study is to develop a Japanese version of the WBIS and to verify its reliability and validity. We translated the original version of the WBIS and had approval from the scale developer. Adults who perceived themselves to be obese completed online baseline survey (N = 285) and two-week follow-up survey (N = 100). We used the Japanese WBIS and scales for obesity-related quality of life, self-esteem, self-efficacy, and depression. We calculated Cronbach’s alpha and intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) to assess reliability of the WBIS and conducted confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and correlation analysis to assess its validity. Results Cronbach’s alpha was 0.91 at baseline and 0.92 at follow-up, and the ICC was 0.87. CFA showed that a one-factor model demonstrated an acceptable fit (χ2 (44) = 158.6, CFI = 0.93, RMSEA = 0.096, SRMR = 0.051), similar to the original version. As we had hypothesized, overall, the Japanese version of the WBIS was significantly correlated with obesity-related quality of life, self-esteem, self-efficacy, and depression. These results confirmed its adequate reliability and validity. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13104-022-06221-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Endo
- Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Hikarigaoka 1, 960-1295, Fukushima, Japan.
| | - Hideaki Kasuga
- Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Hikarigaoka 1, 960-1295, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Masuishi Yusuke
- Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Hikarigaoka 1, 960-1295, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Tomoo Hidaka
- Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Hikarigaoka 1, 960-1295, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Takeyasu Kakamu
- Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Hikarigaoka 1, 960-1295, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Tetsuhito Fukushima
- Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Hikarigaoka 1, 960-1295, Fukushima, Japan
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Kite J, Huang BH, Laird Y, Grunseit A, McGill B, Williams K, Bellew B, Thomas M. Influence and effects of weight stigmatisation in media: A systematic. EClinicalMedicine 2022; 48:101464. [PMID: 35706492 PMCID: PMC9125650 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The lack of a comprehensive understanding of the role of mass media in perpetuating weight stigma hinders policy formulation. We reviewed the influence of mass media on weight stigmatisation and the effectiveness of media-based interventions designed to prevent or reduce stigma. METHODS We conducted a systematic review across seven databases from inception to December 2021. Included studies assessed exposure to or impact of weight stigma in mass media or examined interventions to reduce stigma through media in populations 12+ years. We synthesised data narratively, categorising studies based on similarity in focus to produce a set of integrated findings. The systematic review is registered in PROSPERO (No. CRD42020176306). FINDINGS One-hundred-and-thirteen records were eligible for inclusion from 2402 identified; 95 examined the prevalence of stigmatising content in mass media and its impact on stigma. Weight stigma was prevalent across media types, with the dominant discourse viewing overweight and obesity as an individual responsibility and overlooking systemic factors. Exposure to stigmatising content was found to negatively influence attitudes towards people with overweight or obesity. Few studies considered methods of reducing stigma in the media, with only two testing media-based interventions; their results were promising but limited. INTERPRETATION Weight stigma in media content is prevalent and harmful, but there is little guidance on reducing it. Future research focus needs to shift from assessing prevalence and impacts to weight stigma interventions. FUNDING None.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Kite
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Corresponding author.
| | - Bo-Huei Huang
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yvonne Laird
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Anne Grunseit
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Bronwyn McGill
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kathryn Williams
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Nepean Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Nepean Blue Mountains Local Health District, Kingswood, NSW, Australia
| | - Bill Bellew
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Margaret Thomas
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Despite its rapidly rising global prevalence, obesity is not featured in any of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This review highlights the multiple points at which obesity is affected by the Goals. RECENT FINDINGS At least 14 out of the 17 thematic SDG targets play a role in driving the obesity epidemic, including health, food, education, water quality, land and ocean quality, urbanisation and employment. Although the SDGs recognise the need to reduce 'malnutrition in all its forms', the Goals underplay the role of urbanisation and unregulated markets on dietary health. Furthermore, adherence to the SDGs may be weak and compromised by conflicted interests. Nonetheless, governments have shown that they can, when pressed, respond to health challenges, and we anticipate how the rise in the numbers of people experiencing excess bodyweight may itself lead to greater demand for collective responsibility to ensure our environments are fully health-creating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Lobstein
- World Obesity Federation, Suite 406, 107-111 Fleet Street, London, EC4A 2AB, UK.
- Boden Institute, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia.
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Lobstein T. Obesity prevention and the Global Syndemic: Challenges and opportunities for the World Obesity Federation. Obes Rev 2019; 20 Suppl 2:6-9. [PMID: 31743592 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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