1
|
Lu Q, Schulz PJ, Chang A. Medication safety perceptions in China: Media exposure, healthcare experiences, and trusted information sources. Patient Educ Couns 2024; 123:108209. [PMID: 38367304 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2024.108209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Amid ongoing medication safety concerns in China and limited research on public perceptions, this study investigates the correlations between media exposure, healthcare experiences, and individuals' perceptions of medication safety. It also examines individuals' reliance on information sources during safety crises. METHODS A multistage stratified random sampling was employed with the gross sample containing 3090 Chinese adults aged 18-60 years. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression. RESULTS Social media exposure was found to negatively correlate with perceptions of current medication safety and its perceived improvement, while exposure to television and print media showed positive correlations. Positive healthcare experiences were associated with improved medication safety perceptions. Among various information sources, healthcare professionals were deemed most trustworthy during medication safety incidents. CONCLUSIONS Media exposure and personal healthcare experiences significantly shape individuals' perceptions of medication safety in China, with healthcare professionals playing a crucial role in this context. Practiceimplications: Effective health crisis communication in China needs to be multifaceted, integrating traditional media and social media platforms to disseminate accurate information broadly. Additionally, healthcare professionals should be actively involved in crisis communication. Their role as trusted sources can be leveraged to clarify misconceptions, and reassure the public during medication safety incidents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qianfeng Lu
- Faculty of Communication, Culture and Society, Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Peter J Schulz
- Faculty of Communication, Culture and Society, Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), Lugano, Switzerland; Department of Communication & Media, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Angela Chang
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Addo IY, Acquah E, Nyarko SH, Dickson KS, Boateng ENK, Ayebeng C. Exposure to pro-tobacco and anti-tobacco media messages and events and smoking behaviour among adolescents in Gambia. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1041. [PMID: 38622588 PMCID: PMC11017583 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18543-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the widespread prevalence of adolescent smoking in Gambia, a West African country, there is limited research exploring the relationships between exposure to pro-tobacco and anti-tobacco media messages and events and smoking behaviour among young people. This study investigates the interplay of these exposures and smoking behaviour among 11-17-year-old adolescents in Gambia. METHODS Secondary data analysis was conducted using the 2017 Gambia Global Youth and Tobacco Survey (GYTS), which included a total of 9,127 respondents. Descriptive and inferential analyses, including proportions, Pearson's chi-squared tests, and multivariable logistic regression models, were employed to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS The final model revealed significant associations between exposure to anti-tobacco media messages and events and smoking behaviour. Adolescents exposed to anti-tobacco media messages had a 29% increased odds of smoking (aOR 1.29,CI = 1.08,1.53) compared to those unexposed, while exposure to anti-tobacco media events showed a 31% increased odds (aOR 1.31,CI = 1.09,1.59) compared to those unexposed. Exposure to pro-tobacco messages, such as witnessing tobacco use on TV (aOR 1.41, CI = 1.17,1.69) and owning objects with tobacco brand logos (aOR 1.49,CI = 1.19,1.86), was associated with higher odds of smoking. Covariates, including sex, age, and exposure to smoking behaviour by significant others, also demonstrated associations with smoking behaviour. Notably, male respondents showed significantly higher odds of smoking (aOR = 4.01,CI = 3.28,4.89) compared to females. Respondents aged 15 years and older had increased odds of smoking (aOR = 1.47,CI = 1.22,1.76) compared to those below 15 years old. Those whose fathers smoke displayed higher odds of smoking (aOR = 1.35, CI = 1.04,1.76) compared to individuals with non-smoking parents. Additionally, those whose closest friends smoke showed remarkably higher odds of smoking (aOR = 2.87,CI = 2.37, 3.48) compared to those without such influence. CONCLUSION This study underscores the significant impact of exposure to both anti-tobacco and pro-tobacco media messages and events on smoking behaviour among adolescents in Gambia. However, pro-tobacco messages had a greater influence on smoking prevalence than anti-tobacco messages and events. Understanding these associations is crucial for devising effective public health interventions aimed at reducing tobacco use in this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Yeboah Addo
- Concord Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Centre for Social Research in Health, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Evelyn Acquah
- Centre for Health Policy and Implementation Research, Institute of Health Research, University of Health, and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
| | - Samuel H Nyarko
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics & Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kwamena S Dickson
- Department of Population and Health, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Ebenezer N K Boateng
- Department of Geography and Regional Planning, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Castro Ayebeng
- Department of Population and Health, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana.
- Department of Research and Advocacy, Challenging Heights, Winneba, Ghana.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yu G, Garee M, Ventresca M, Yih Y. How individuals' opinions influence society's resistance to epidemics: an agent-based model approach. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:863. [PMID: 38509526 PMCID: PMC10953238 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18310-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protecting public health from infectious diseases often relies on the cooperation of citizens, especially when self-care interventions are the only viable tools for disease mitigation. Accordingly, social aspects related to public opinion have been studied in the context of the recent COVID-19 pandemic. However, a comprehensive understanding of the effects of opinion-related factors on disease spread still requires further exploration. METHODS We propose an agent-based simulation framework incorporating opinion dynamics within an epidemic model based on the assumption that mass media channels play a leading role in opinion dynamics. The model simulates how opinions about preventive interventions change over time and how these changes affect the cumulative number of cases. We calibrated our simulation model using YouGov survey data and WHO COVID-19 new cases data from 15 different countries. Based on the calibrated models, we examine how different opinion-related factors change the consequences of the epidemic. We track the number of total new infections for analysis. RESULTS Our results reveal that the initial level of public opinion on preventive interventions has the greatest impact on the cumulative number of cases. Its normalized permutation importance varies between 69.67% and 96.65% in 15 models. The patterns shown in the partial dependence plots indicate that other factors, such as the usage of the pro-intervention channel and the response time of media channels, can also bring about substantial changes in disease dynamics, but only within specific ranges of the dominant factor. CONCLUSIONS Our results reveal the importance of public opinion on intervention during the early stage of the pandemic in protecting public health. The findings suggest that persuading the public to take actions they may be hesitant about in the early stages of epidemics is very costly because taking early action is critical for mitigating infectious diseases. Other opinion-related factors can also lead to significant changes in epidemics, depending on the average level of public opinion in the initial stage. These findings underscore the importance of media channels and authorities in delivering accurate information and persuading community members to cooperate with public health policies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geonsik Yu
- School of Industrial Engineering, Purdue University, Grant St, West Lafayette, 47907, IN, USA
| | - Michael Garee
- Air Force Institute of Technology, Hobson Way, Wright-Patterson AFB, 45433, OH, USA
| | - Mario Ventresca
- School of Industrial Engineering, Purdue University, Grant St, West Lafayette, 47907, IN, USA
- Purdue Institute for Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, Purdue University, Purdue Mall, West Lafayette, 47907, IN, USA
| | - Yuehwern Yih
- School of Industrial Engineering, Purdue University, Grant St, West Lafayette, 47907, IN, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mohamadpour F, Groot G, Askarian A, Askarian M. Text analysis of billboards and infographic graphics advertising COVID-19 on promoting preventive behaviors and taking vaccination against the coronavirus pandemic and investigating the opinions of the Iranian adult population. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:651. [PMID: 38429731 PMCID: PMC10905937 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18135-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Advertising is one of the most important solutions that health centers and medical services around the world use to try to encourage public opinion to create a positive attitude towards preventive measures and vaccination. This study has been done with the aim of text analysis of billboards and infographics related to promoting preventive behaviors and vaccination against the coronavirus pandemic and providing solutions and models for preventive information and advertising in the field of health. METHODS The study method in this research is a combination of qualitative and content analysis. Data collection was done in a targeted manner. The sample size includes 33 advertising billboards and infographics. Data collection has been done through searching the sites and websites of health networks and medical education centers in Iran, taking pictures of infographics and billboards in public places, and also receiving archive files of pictures from the public relations of health networks and medical services. The data was collected from February 19, 2020 to December 30, 2022 (the time frame of the pandemic and public vaccination program in Iran). The data was analyzed based on the three-dimensional discourse analysis theory of Fairclough. Then, an online survey about promoting preventive behaviors and vaccination against the coronavirus pandemic in the format of billboards and infographics was designed in SurveyMonkey and its link was provided to the audience through virtual networks and other platforms. The age group of people was selected from 18 to 70 years. Considering that the number of participants should be representative of the entire community under investigation, therefore, based on Cochran's formula, the sample size was equal to 350 people. Finally, users' opinions were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The assessment of validity involved experts in infection control and linguistics. The reliability of the measurement, determined through the Cronbach's alpha internal consistency coefficient, yielded a coefficient of 0.968. RESULTS The results show that among the four linguistic components of words, syntax, coherence and text structure; "live metaphors", "pronoun "we", "collocation and reference", and "attitude markers" have the most impact on the audience. The frequency percentage of the data shows that these language elements have tremendous power in attracting the audience to perform preventive behaviors. The results show that the language reflects the culture, opinions and needs of people in the society. Also, the results show that encouraging people to perform preventive behaviors should be through the integration of medical information with motivational linguistic factors in order to attract the audience more. CONCLUSIONS It can be concluded that the use of the appropriate pattern of medical advertising discourse and correct communication strategies, will help public participation in the field of epidemic control. The language of effective health education and health communication during an epidemic must be related to the ways of thinking and speaking of ordinary people. Also, words with metaphorical and ironic meanings have a high potential to influence the health performance of people in society and increase public awareness of health communication. Therefore, using them to create a new value system with the aim of controlling and overcoming the consequences of the epidemic is very effective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fereshteh Mohamadpour
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Gary Groot
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Ardalan Askarian
- College of Arts & Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Mehrdad Askarian
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Guo X, Zhu X. Redefining work-life balance: women at the helm of the post-pandemic coworking revolution. Arch Womens Ment Health 2023; 26:755-766. [PMID: 37566123 DOI: 10.1007/s00737-023-01352-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
The post-pandemic era has transformed work-life boundaries, driven by factors such as working hours, an increased number of working women and single parents, the implementation of various ICTs, and the rise of flexible work arrangements. This study examines the role of female workers and entrepreneurs in establishing and managing coworking spaces (CSs) designed to improve work-life balance through flexible scheduling and location options. The challenges faced by female entrepreneurs in promoting an inclusive society and economic system are also explored, as well as the benefits experienced by independent workers and teleworkers in terms of networking, social interaction, knowledge exchange, and community building. The "She Economy" is analyzed in three stages: germination, growth, and maturity, considering challenges from both family and workplaces. This paper investigates the background of female identity and the ideological transformation of female identity in the consumption process after the pandemic, using mass media, especially female-focused media, as a lens. Finally, the paper proposes recommendations for the future development of the "She Economy" from the perspectives of communicators, women, and the social environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinran Guo
- Ningbo Branch, CITIC Securities Company Limted, Ningbo, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhu
- School of Media and Law, NingboTech Universtiy, Ningbo, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kresovich A, Emery SL, Borowiecki M, McQueen C, Ngobo-Ekamby M, Lamuda PA, Taylor BG, Pollack HA, Schneider JA. Associations between partisan media consumption, opioid use disorder stigma, and opioid policy support: An exploration of the media's role in the ongoing opioid epidemic. Prev Med Rep 2023; 36:102430. [PMID: 37840592 PMCID: PMC10568431 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2023.102430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
We report on a preliminary investigation into the relationship between partisan media consumption (PMC) among U.S. adults and their (1) opioid use disorder (OUD) stigma, (2) national OUD policy support (e.g., Medicaid coverage for OUD treatment), (3) local OUD policy support (e.g., safe injection sites), (4) discriminatory OUD policies (e.g., denying housing), and (5) carceral OUD policies (e.g., jailing people who use opioids). We performed a cross-sectional survey of a nationally-representative sample of U.S. adults (n = 6,515) from October 1-November 19, 2021. We surveyed a sample of U.S. adults ages 18 and older drawn from NORC's AmeriSpeak® Panel. AmeriSpeak is a probability-based ongoing panel of over 40,000 households designed to represent the U.S. household population. Cross-sectional analyses revealed significant relationships between PMC and OUD stigma (b = 0.29, p <.001, CI95 = 0.14,0.43), support for national (b = -0.31, p <.01, CI95 = -0.54,-0.09) and local policy responses (b = -0.38, p <.001, CI95 = -0.59,-0.17), and support for discriminatory opioid use disorder policies (b = 0.27, p <.01, CI95 = 0.07,0.45). After controlling for self-reported political affiliation and other potential covariates, Republican-leaning media consumption was significantly associated with increased OUD stigma, less support for national and local harm reduction or rehabilitative policies, and more support for discriminatory policies against individuals experiencing OUD. The opposite associations were observed for Democratic-leaning media consumption. Markers for racism mediated the relationship between PMC and support for carceral policies (indirect path b = -0.41,p <.001, CI95 = -0.50,-0.31). Our results indicate that public health advocates must collaborate with conservative leaders to find bipartisan common ground for targeted communication campaigns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alex Kresovich
- Public Health Department, NORC at the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sherry L. Emery
- Public Health Department, NORC at the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mateusz Borowiecki
- Public Health Department, NORC at the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Cedasia McQueen
- Public Health Department, NORC at the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Marie Ngobo-Ekamby
- Public Health Department, NORC at the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Phoebe A. Lamuda
- Public Health Department, NORC at the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Bruce G. Taylor
- Public Health Department, NORC at the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Harold A. Pollack
- Urban Health Lab, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Crown Family School of Social Work, Policy, and Practice, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - John A. Schneider
- Crown Family School of Social Work, Policy, and Practice, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hayes KA, Brown EM, Nonnemaker J, Juster H, Ortega-Peluso C, Farrelly MC, Davis K. Effectiveness of a media campaign promoting health care provider tobacco dependence treatment. Prev Med Rep 2023; 36:102403. [PMID: 37753382 PMCID: PMC10518602 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2023.102403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The New York State Department of Health (NYSDOH) developed a provider-focused media campaign to encourage provision of evidence-based, clinical tobacco dependence treatment (TDT). The purpose of this study was to assess providers' awareness of the campaign and the relationship between campaign awareness and changes in campaign-related beliefs and clinical TDT intervention. We conducted a longitudinal, mailed survey of health care providers in New York State (n = 851; AAPOR3 RR: 24.6%). We estimated descriptive statistics and used multivariable regression analyses to assess whether changes in key outcomes (campaign-related beliefs and clinical TDT) from pre- to post-campaign vary by self-reported campaign awareness. Approximately 12% of providers were aware of the campaign. In multivariable analyses, changes from pre- to post-campaign in provider beliefs that the nicotine patch and gum are very effective at helping patients quit were greater for providers aware of the campaign compared with those not aware of the campaign (For patch: OR 2.17, CI 1.06-4.45, p = 0.03; for gum: OR 2.78, CI: 1.24-6.27, p = 0.01), but not for provider behavior. After seeing the NYSDOH campaign, providers' beliefs about the effectiveness of the patch and gum increased. Many state tobacco control programs and health care organizations are implementing tobacco-related policies and systems to facilitate the provision of clinical TDT; this study suggests that a digital and print provider-focused media campaign has the potential to complement health systems change interventions. Future studies should seek to identify ways to modify ad delivery to increase campaign awareness to maximize potential campaign impact.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kim A. Hayes
- RTI International, 3040 E. Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Elizabeth M. Brown
- RTI International, 3040 E. Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - James Nonnemaker
- RTI International, 3040 E. Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Harlan Juster
- New York State Department of Health, Empire State Plaza, Corning Tower, Albany, NY 12237, USA
| | - Christina Ortega-Peluso
- New York State Department of Health, Empire State Plaza, Corning Tower, Albany, NY 12237, USA
| | - Matthew C. Farrelly
- RTI International, 3040 E. Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Kevin Davis
- RTI International, 3040 E. Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Aghaei A, Sakhaei A, Khalilimeybodi A, Qiao S, Li X. Impact of Mass Media on HIV/AIDS Stigma Reduction: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. AIDS Behav 2023; 27:3414-3429. [PMID: 37046030 PMCID: PMC10096105 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-023-04057-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
HIV-related stigma is a major barrier to HIV testing and care engagement. Despite efforts to use mass media to address HIV-related stigma, their impact on reducing HIV-related stigma remains unclear. Thus, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of peer-reviewed publications quantitatively examining the impact of mass media exposure on HIV-related stigma reduction and published from January 1990 to December 2020. Of 388 articles found in the initial screening from scientific databases, 19 met the inclusion criteria and were included in the systematic review. Sixteen articles reported the quantitative effect of mass media exposure on HIV-related stigma and were included in the meta-analysis. Systematic review results showed considerable heterogeneity in studied populations with a few interventions and longitudinal studies. Results suggested a higher interest in utilizing mass media by health policymakers in developing countries with greater HIV prevalence to reduce HIV-related stigma. Meta-analysis results showed a modest impact of mass media use on HIV-related stigma reduction. Despite heterogeneity in the impact of mass media on HIV-related stigma, Egger's regression test and funnel graph indicated no evidence for publication bias. Results demonstrated an increase in the impact of mass media on reducing HIV-related stigma over time and no correlation between the HIV prevalence in countries and the impact of mass media. In summary, mass media exposure has a modest and context-specific impact on HIV-related stigma reduction. More large-scale mass media interventions and studies addressing the impact of mass media on different forms of stigma are required to inform policies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Aghaei
- Department of Health Promotion Education and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.
- , 915 Greene St., Discovery I Bldg., Floor 4, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.
| | - Ayoub Sakhaei
- Department of Sociology, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran
| | - Ali Khalilimeybodi
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Shan Qiao
- Department of Health Promotion Education and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Xiaoming Li
- Department of Health Promotion Education and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Jackson SE, Shahab L, Brown J. Examining the influence of tobacco control mass media campaign expenditure on the association between motivation to stop smoking and quit attempts: A prospective study in England. Addict Behav 2023; 144:107744. [PMID: 37126918 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2023.107744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore whether expenditure on national tobacco control mass media campaigns moderates the association between motivation to stop smoking and future quit attempts. METHOD Data were from 2601 people who smoke participating in a population survey with 12-month follow-up between April 2015 and February 2021. We used logistic regression to test associations of (i) baseline level of motivation to stop smoking, (ii) mean monthly tobacco control mass media campaign expenditure in England between baseline and follow-up, and (iii) their interaction, on past-year quit attempts assessed at 12-month follow-up. Covariates included age, sex, occupational social grade, and region. RESULTS Between baseline and follow-up, 38.6% of participants made a quit attempt. Each one-point increase in baseline motivation to stop smoking was associated with 1.37 times greater odds (95%CI = 1.31-1.43) of making a quit attempt over 12-month follow-up. Each one standard deviation increase in tobacco control mass media expenditure between baseline and 12-month follow-up was associated with 13% greater odds of making a quit attempt (95%CI = 1.05-1.23). There was no significant interaction between mass media expenditure and motivation to stop on quit attempts (OR = 1.01, 95%CI = 0.97-1.05); the data provided strong evidence for the null (Bayes factors = 0.07 and 0.04 based on expected effect sizes of OR = 1.5 and OR = 0.67, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Among people who smoke, self-reported level of motivation to stop strongly predicted whether they made a quit attempt in the subsequent year. Increased expenditure on tobacco control mass media campaigns was associated with increased quit attempts. The association between motivation and quit attempts did not differ according to tobacco control mass media expenditure over this period.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Jackson
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK; SPECTRUM Consortium, UK.
| | - Lion Shahab
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK; SPECTRUM Consortium, UK
| | - Jamie Brown
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK; SPECTRUM Consortium, UK
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Carrasco JP, Saucier AM, Whitley R. Spanish media coverage of youth mental health issues during the COVID-19 pandemic. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:579. [PMID: 37563600 PMCID: PMC10413772 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05054-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The media portrayal of mental health is relevant in shaping the population's attitudes towards mental disorders. However, there is little information about the representation of young mental health issues in the Spanish-language press, especially in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The general objective of this study was to analyse the tone and content of Spanish newspaper articles about mental disorders in youth during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS We collected media articles from the 10 most read news sources over a 6 month period (January-June 2021). These articles were coded for content using a standardised codebook, followed by an inductive thematic analysis. A total of 205 news items were evaluated. RESULTS Results showed that the majority of the news items had an overall positive tone (68.3%), only 5.4% were stigmatising and only 7.3% were related to violence. However, few articles offered help seeking information (6%), adolescents were rarely quoted (14%) and children were never quoted. Substantial differences are described in terms of age, gender and disorder. The thematic analysis led to three emergent themes: (i) violence and victimisation; (ii) the COVID-19 pandemic; and (iii) technology and social media. CONCLUSIONS The percentage of news in the Spanish media that refer to young people's mental health in a stigmatising way or in a way associated with violence is very low. Furthermore, the COVID-19 pandemic may have promoted more positive discussion about youth mental health. However, major challenges remain to be addressed, as patients are seldom quoted, very few articles offer help-seeking information, and a narrative of victimisation without appropriate discussion of resilience regularly occurs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Pablo Carrasco
- Deparment of Psychiatry, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, 46010, Valencia, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico de Valencia (INCLIVA), Valencia, Spain.
| | | | - Rob Whitley
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Guérin S, Khene ZE, Peyronnet B, Bensalah K, Zimmern PE. Google searches for stress urinary incontinence treatment options: a worldwide trend analysis in the synthetic mesh controversy era. World J Urol 2023; 41:2217-2223. [PMID: 37358599 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-023-04474-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyze trends in worldwide public interest in the treatment options for stress urinary incontinence around the latest FDA 2019 ban on vaginal mesh for prolapse. METHODS We used the web-based tool Google Trends to analyse online searches related to the following terms: 'pelvic floor muscle exercises', 'continence pessary', 'pubovaginal slings', 'Burch colposuspension', 'midurethral slings', 'injectable bulking agents'. Data were expressed as relative search volume on a scale of 0-100. Comparisons of annual relative search volume and average annual percentage change, were analyzed to assess loss or gain of interest. Finally, we assessed the impact of the last FDA alert. RESULTS The mean annual relative search volume for midurethral slings was 20% in 2006 and significantly decreased until 8% in 2022 (p < 0.01). A regular decrease interest was recorded for autologous surgeries but a regain of interest for pubovaginal slings was registered since 2020 (+ 2.8%; p < 0.01). Conversely, a steep interest was noted for injectable bulking agents (average annual percentage change: + 4.4%; p < 0.01) and conservative therapies (p < 0.01). When trends were compared before and after the FDA 2019 alert, a lower research volume was found for midurethral slings, while a higher research volume was observed all others treatments (all p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The online public researches about midurethral slings have considerably decreased following warnings on the use of transvaginal mesh. There seems to be a growing interest in conservative measures, bulking agents, and recently pubovaginal slings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Guérin
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390-9110, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Human Reproduction, Rennes University Hospital, 16 Boulevard de Bulgarie, Rennes, France
| | - Zine-Eddine Khene
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390-9110, USA
- Department of Urology, Rennes University Hospital, 2 Rue Henri Le Guilloux, 35033, Rennes Cedex 9, France
| | - Benoit Peyronnet
- Department of Urology, Rennes University Hospital, 2 Rue Henri Le Guilloux, 35033, Rennes Cedex 9, France
| | - Karim Bensalah
- Department of Urology, Rennes University Hospital, 2 Rue Henri Le Guilloux, 35033, Rennes Cedex 9, France
| | - Philippe E Zimmern
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390-9110, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Islam MM. The use of mass media by mothers and its association with their children's early development: comparison between urban and rural areas. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1310. [PMID: 37420197 PMCID: PMC10329341 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16137-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mass media can play critical roles in influencing parents' attitudes and practice toward the healthy upbringing of children. OBJECTIVE: This study examined the association between the use of five types of mass media among mothers living in rural and urban areas and the early childhood development (ECD) of their children. METHODS We analysed nationally representative and internationally standardized Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey data collected in 2013 and 2019 in Bangladesh. The ECD was calculated using four domains of development: physical health, literacy-numeracy, learning and social-emotional. Mothers' use of newspapers/magazines, radio, television, internet and mobile phones was the study factor. We used Poisson regression with robust variance. The dataset included 27,091 children aged three or four years. RESULTS Almost 21% of the children were living in urban and 78% in rural areas. Mothers/caretakers of 30% of the children used none, 39% used one, 25% used two, and approximately 6% used three or more of the five types of media. Mobile phones and television were the dominant types of media, both in terms of the number of users and the frequency of use. Overall, 68.87% of the children were on track in terms of their ECD and 31.13% were not. A significantly larger proportion of urban children (74.23%) than rural children (67.47%) were on track in their ECD. The prevalence of children being on track of ECD increases by 4% (aPR 1.04; 95%CI: 1.01-1.06) for each additional media use among women who lived in urban areas and increases by 7% if women live in rural areas. In terms of the individual formats of media, using newspapers, television and internet was found to be significantly associated with the children in rural areas being on track in terms of their ECD. In the urban sample, only radio use was found to be significant. CONCLUSIONS Targeted and well-designed child development campaigns that are delivered through popular media types are likely to help mothers to take better care of their children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Mofizul Islam
- Department of Public Health, La Trobe University, Office: Room 410; Health Sciences Building 2, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Amoak D, Konkor I, Mohammed K, Saaka SA, Antabe R. Exposure to mass media family planning messages among men in Nigeria: analysis of the Demographic and Health Survey data. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15391. [PMID: 37273544 PMCID: PMC10237178 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Family planning (FP) is essential for improving health and achieving reproductive goals. Although men are important participants in FP decision-making within households in Nigeria, a country with one of the highest rates of maternal mortality, we know very little about their exposure to mass media FP messages. Methods Drawing theoretical insights from the structural influence model of health communication and using the 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (n = 13,294), and applying logistic regression analysis, we explored the factors associated with men's exposure to mass media FP messages in Nigeria. Results A range of socioeconomic, locational, and demographic factors were associated with men's exposure to mass media FP messages. For example, wealthier, more educated, and employed men were more likely to be exposed to mass media FP messages than their poorer, less educated, and unemployed counterparts. In addition, compared to those in rural areas and other regions, men in urban areas as well as South East Region, were more likely to be exposed to mass media FP messages. Finally, younger men and those who belong to the traditional religion were less likely to be exposed to mass media FP messages, compared to their older and Christian counterparts. Conclusions Based on these findings, we discuss implications and recommendations for policymakers as well as directions for future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Amoak
- University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Roger Antabe
- University of Toronto, Scarborough, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wallhed Finn S, Mejldal A, Nielsen AS. The impact of an annual mass media campaign on treatment seeking for alcohol use disorders in the Danish population: An interrupted time-series analysis. Drug Alcohol Depend 2023; 248:109910. [PMID: 37224672 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2023.109910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A minority of individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD) seek treatment. In Denmark, a mass media campaign, "RESPEKT", aiming to increase treatment seeking, has been broadcasted nationwide since 2015. The campaign is unique from an international perspective. Similar interventions have, up until now, not been scientifically evaluated. AIM To investigate whether there was an association between campaign periods and treatment seeking for AUD. A secondary aim was to investigate possible gender differences. The hypotheses were that treatment seeking would increase during the campaign periods, and that men would increase their treatment seeking more compared to women. METHOD Study design: Interrupted time-series analysis. PARTICIPANTS Adults aged 18 years and above in the Danish population seeking AUD treatment. EXPOSURE Campaign periods year 2015-2018. OUTCOME Changes in treatment seeking defined as treatment entry respectively filled prescription of AUD pharmacotherapy. DATA National Alcohol Treatment Register on treatment entries for specialist addiction care and National Prescription Registry for filled prescriptions on AUD pharmacotherapies 2013-2018. ANALYSIS Segmented negative binomial regression, including the full cohort and stratified by sex. RESULTS The results show no association between campaign periods and treatment seeking. Nor were there any gender differences in treatment seeking. The hypotheses were not confirmed. CONCLUSION The campaign periods showed no association with treatment seeking. Eventual future campaigns should possibly focus on earlier steps of the treatment seeking process, as problem recognition, to increase treatment seeking. There is a great need to develop other ways to narrow the treatment gap for AUD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Wallhed Finn
- Unit of Clinical Alcohol Research, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws Vej 20, entrance. 220 B, Odense5000, Denmark; Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden.
| | - Anna Mejldal
- Unit of Clinical Alcohol Research, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws Vej 20, entrance. 220 B, Odense5000, Denmark; Open Patient Data Explorative Network, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Anette Søgaard Nielsen
- Unit of Clinical Alcohol Research, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws Vej 20, entrance. 220 B, Odense5000, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kowall B, Jöckel KH, Standl F, Stang A. On the gap between objective and perceived risks of COVID-19. Herz 2023:10.1007/s00059-023-05184-4. [PMID: 37099172 PMCID: PMC10132419 DOI: 10.1007/s00059-023-05184-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
A survey conducted by the German Socio-Economic Panel during the early phase of the SARS-CoV‑2 pandemic in spring 2020 showed that the perceived risks of SARS-CoV‑2 infection were a massive overestimation of the actual risks. A total of 5783 people (2.3% missing data) stated how likely they thought it was that SARS-CoV‑2 would cause a life-threatening illness in them in the next 12 months. The average subjective probability was 26%. We consider how such an overestimation could have occurred and how a more realistic risk assessment could be achieved in the population in a future pandemic. We show that qualitative attributes of the pandemic, the reporting of the media, and psychological features may have contributed to the overestimation of SARS-CoV‑2 risks. In its early stages, the SARS-CoV‑2 pandemic had qualitative characteristics known to lead to an overestimation of risks: The risks associated with the pandemic were new, unfamiliar, perceived as poorly controllable, and were taken involuntarily. Phenomena known from cognitive psychology such as the availability and anchor heuristics can also explain the overestimation of pandemic risks. Characteristics of media coverage such as the focus on individual fates and the associated neglect of the denominator also contributed to the gap between perceived and objective risk. In a potential future pandemic, people need to be vigilant but not in a panic. Better risk communication-for example, with better prepared figures and graphically presented percentages while avoiding the denominator neglect-could help the population to perceive risks of future pandemics more realistically.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Kowall
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology (IMIBE), University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147, Essen, Germany.
| | - Karl-Heinz Jöckel
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology (IMIBE), University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Fabian Standl
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology (IMIBE), University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Andreas Stang
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology (IMIBE), University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
- School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Boston University, Boston, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Guo S, Izydorczyk B, Lipowska M, Kamionka A, Lizińczyk S, Sajewicz-Radtke U, Radtke BM, Liu T, Lipowski M. Socio-cultural attitudes toward the body as a predictor of motivation for physical activity in young people brought up in Asian and European culture-Chinese-Polish comparison. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2023; 15:52. [PMID: 37016362 PMCID: PMC10072015 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-023-00662-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
The influence of sociocultural attitudes toward the body on young people's physical activity has received increasing attention. However, there is a lack of cross-cultural research in this area. The main aim of this research was to identify the similarities and differences in the sociocultural attitudes toward the body of Polish and Chinese young people who grew up in European and Asian cultures and to analyze their effect on the motivation for physical activity. A cross-sectional research study was conducted among 18- to 30-year-old Polish (n = 259) and Chinese (n = 208) young people. The variables were measured using the Sociocultural Attitudes towards Appearance Questionnaire 3 (SATAQ 3) and the Inventory of Physical Activity Objectives (IPAO). Descriptive and comparative statistics, Spearman's rho, and the stepwise multiple regression analysis were used. The main analysis showed There are both similarities and significant differences in the performance of young Polish and Chinese men and women on the variables studied; Internalization-Athlete, Pressures, and Internalization-General are universal sociocultural predictors of motivation for physical activity among young people in Poland and China; Information is a specific sociocultural predictor of motivation for physical activity in Polish young people. The cultural nuances need to be considered in understanding young people's Motivation for undertaking physical activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Guo
- Faculty of Sport and Leisure, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Department of Psychology, Gdańsk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Bernadetta Izydorczyk
- Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, ul. Ingardena 6, Krakow, 30-060, Poland.
| | | | - Agata Kamionka
- Department of Psychology, Gdańsk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdańsk, Poland
| | | | | | - Bartosz M Radtke
- Laboratory of Psychological and Educational Tests, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Taofeng Liu
- School of Physical Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mariusz Lipowski
- Faculty of Social and Humanities, WSB University in Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Hasan MN, Tambuly S, Trisha KF, Haque MA, Chowdhury MAB, Uddin MJ. Knowledge of HIV/AIDS among married women in Bangladesh: analysis of three consecutive multiple indicator cluster surveys (MICS). AIDS Res Ther 2022; 19:68. [PMID: 36577995 PMCID: PMC9795636 DOI: 10.1186/s12981-022-00495-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Married women have a higher risk of contracting human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or develop acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) than men. Knowledge of HIV/AIDS contributes significantly to describing the prevalence and consequences of such virus/disease. The study aimed to investigate the level of HIV/AIDS knowledge and the socio-demographic variables that influence HIV/AIDS knowledge among married women in Bangladesh. We used three waves of Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS), which included 33,843, 20,727, and 29,724 married women from 2006, 2012, and 2019 MICS. A score was prepared through their interrogation to determine the level of knowledge and logistic regression models were used for analyzing the data. This study found that the prevalence of knowledge level of HIV/AIDS in different questions increased from 55.20% in 2006 to 58.69% in 2019. In our study, respondents having highest education had 4.03 (95% CI 3.50-4.64) times more chance to obtain "High Score" in 2019 MICS which is 5.30 times in 2012 MICS (95% CI 4.41-6.37) and 2.58 times in 2006 MICS (95% CI 2.28-2.93) compared to illiterate married women. Moreover, respondents from urban area were 1.13 times more likely to obtain "High Score" in 2019 MICS which is 1.14 times in 2012 MICS and 1.16 times in 2006 MICS, respectively than the rural married women. This study also found respondent's age, division, mass media access, and wealth status have played an important role in HIV/AIDS knowledge. Although a significant proportion of women had adequate knowledge of HIV/AIDS, more knowledge is still required to protect against such viruses/diseases. Thus, we advocate for the implementation of educational program in the curriculum, counselling, particularly in rural areas, and mass media access to ensure quality knowledge throughout the country.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Nayeem Hasan
- grid.412506.40000 0001 0689 2212Department of Statistics, Shahjalal University of Science & Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Sumi Tambuly
- grid.412506.40000 0001 0689 2212Department of Statistics, Shahjalal University of Science & Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Kaniz Fatema Trisha
- grid.412506.40000 0001 0689 2212Department of Statistics, Shahjalal University of Science & Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Ashiqul Haque
- grid.21613.370000 0004 1936 9609Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Muhammad Abdul Baker Chowdhury
- grid.15276.370000 0004 1936 8091Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL USA
| | - Md Jamal Uddin
- grid.412506.40000 0001 0689 2212Department of Statistics, Shahjalal University of Science & Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh ,grid.442989.a0000 0001 2226 6721Department of General Educational Development (GED), Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Turk T, Islam MS, Islam Z. Response to Goyal, Bakshi, Naresh, Panda, Kappor et al.: Media Commercials Conveying Awareness Regarding Prevention of Head and Neck Cancer by Focusing on Stigmatized Perspective of Disease: Right or Wrong? Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2022; 74:6134-6135. [PMID: 36742665 PMCID: PMC9895702 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-021-02782-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tahir Turk
- Communication Partners International (CPI), 24 Dulwich Road, Springfield, NSW 2250 Australia
- School of Public Health, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Ziauddin Islam
- Director/Technical Head Tobacco Control Cell, Ministry of National Health Services, Islamabad, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Murray C, von Possel N, Lie HC, Breivik J. The Nine Cancer Frames: A Tool to Facilitate Critical Reading of Cancer-Related Information. J Cancer Educ 2022; 37:1918-1927. [PMID: 34279845 PMCID: PMC9681689 DOI: 10.1007/s13187-021-02062-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
People's ability to critically assess cancer-related information is essential from a preventional and therapeutic, as well as a general democratic perspective. Such cancer literacy is not just about acquiring factual knowledge. It also involves the ability to analyze how the information is contextualized-how cancer is framed. Previous research concerning the framing of cancer in public discourse is voluminous and penetrating but also fragmented and inaccessible to non-experts. In this study, we have developed an integrated and applicable tool for analyzing cancer discourse by systematically classifying distinctive ways of framing of the concept of cancer. Building on previous research and an inductive framing analysis of a broad range of public cancer discourse, systematically selected from British and Norwegian newspapers, we have characterized nine cancer frames: the biomedical, the environmental, the epidemiological, the personal, the sociopolitical, the economic, the antagonistic, the alternative, and the symbolic frame. This framing scheme may be applied to analyze cancer-related discourse across a plurality of themes and contexts. We also show how different frames combine to produce more complex messages, thereby revealing underlying patterns, strategies, and conflicts in cancer communication. In conclusion, this analytical tool enables critical reading of cancer-related information and may be especially useful in educational initiatives to advance health communication and public understanding of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Craig Murray
- Department of Behavioural Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Blindern, P.O.Box 1111, N-0317, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nina von Possel
- Department of Behavioural Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Blindern, P.O.Box 1111, N-0317, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hanne C Lie
- Department of Behavioural Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Blindern, P.O.Box 1111, N-0317, Oslo, Norway
- National Resource Centre for Late Effects After Cancer Treatment, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jarle Breivik
- Department of Behavioural Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Blindern, P.O.Box 1111, N-0317, Oslo, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Foulds K. Co-Viewing Mass Media to Support Children and Parents' Emotional ABCs: An Evaluation of Ahlan Simsim. Early Child Educ J 2022; 51:1-10. [PMID: 36268053 PMCID: PMC9569174 DOI: 10.1007/s10643-022-01408-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
That mass media supports children's learning at scale across a variety of educational outcomes is widely acknowledged, effects which are further enhanced when content is co-viewed with a parent or primary caregiver. Ahlan Simsim, a children's educational television show produced in the Middle East, is focused on supporting children's socio-emotional needs. For young children, there is ample evidence in developmental literature that socio-emotional skills are associated with improved school performance, increased pro-social behavior and well-being, and a decline in anxiety and behavioral problems. Using findings from an encouragement design performance evaluation on Season 1 of Ahlan Simsim conducted with families in Egypt, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, and United Arab Emirates (N = 473), this study provides evidence that families who regularly co-viewed Ahlan Simsim reported improved emotional vocabulary and increased emotion regulation among both children and parents, expanding the understanding of the benefits of co-viewing to also include parents' improved socio-emotional skills. Findings also show that learning extended beyond viewing individual episodes, as parents reported that watching Ahlan Simsim sparked conversations at home about new emotional vocabulary, expressing feelings, and practicing coping techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kim Foulds
- Sesame Workshop, 1900 Broadway, New York, 10030 USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Pratama AR, Firmansyah FM. COVID-19 mass media coverage in English and public reactions: a West-East comparison via Facebook posts. PeerJ Comput Sci 2022; 8:e1111. [PMID: 36262131 PMCID: PMC9575862 DOI: 10.7717/peerj-cs.1111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Newspapers and other mass media outlets are critical in shaping public opinion on a variety of contemporary issues, including the COVID-19 pandemic. This study examines how the pandemic is portrayed in the news and how the public reacted differently in the West and East using archival data from Facebook posts about COVID-19 news by English-language mass media between January 2020 and April 2022 (N = 711,646). Specifically, we employed the Valence Aware Dictionary and sEntiment Reasoner (Vader) to measure the news tone on each COVID-19 news item shared on Facebook by mass media outlets. In addition, we calculated a polarity score based on Facebook special reactions (i.e., love, angry, sad, wow, haha, and care) received by each post to measure public reactions toward it. We discovered that people in Western countries reacted significantly more negatively to COVID-19 news than their East counterparts, despite the fact that the news itself, in aggregate, generally contained a relatively similar level of neutral tone in both West and East media. The implications of these distinctions are discussed in greater detail.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad R. Pratama
- Department of Informatics, Universitas Islam Indonesia, Sleman, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Firman M. Firmansyah
- Department of Technology and Society, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Roberston L, Twenge JM, Joiner TE, Cummins K. Associations between screen time and internalizing disorder diagnoses among 9- to 10-year-olds. J Affect Disord 2022; 311:530-537. [PMID: 35594974 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.05.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children and adolescents spend an increasing amount of time with screen media. Identifying correlates of youth mental disorders has become more urgent with rates of depression, self-harm, suicide attempts, and suicide deaths rising sharply among U.S. children and adolescents after 2012. This study examined the relationship between screen time and internalizing disorders in preadolescent children between the ages of 9 and 10. METHODS Participants were 9- and 10-year-old youth (n = 11,780) in the baseline of the multi-site Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development Study (ABCD). Youth reported the number of hours a day they spent watching TV shows or movies, watching videos online, playing video games, texting, using social media, and video chatting. Youth responded to an abbreviated version of the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (K-SADS-5), a semi-structured clinical interview measuring current and past symptoms of internalizing disorders using DSM-5 criteria. RESULTS Youth spending 2 or more hours (vs. less than 2) a day with screen media were more likely to fit criteria for depressive disorders, self-harm, and suicidal ideation or attempts, even after adjustment for demographic covariates. For anxiety disorders, associations with digital media use (social media, texting, gaming, and online videos) were stronger than with screen time generally. LIMITATIONS This is a cross-sectional study utilizing retrospective screen time reports, which limits our ability to determine causality and the accuracy of the reports. CONCLUSIONS Preadolescents who spend more time using screens, especially digital media, are more likely to fit DSM-5 criteria for internalizing disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lee Roberston
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA.
| | - Jean M Twenge
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Thomas E Joiner
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Kevin Cummins
- Department of Public Health, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Unkelbach F, John M, Vogel V. Jumping on the Bandwagon: The Role of Voters' Social Class in Poll Effects in the Context of the 2021 German Federal Election. Polit Vierteljahresschr 2022; 64:51-78. [PMID: 35967251 PMCID: PMC9364306 DOI: 10.1007/s11615-022-00417-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Published findings of opinion polls are an important part of the political coverage before elections. Thus, researchers have long investigated whether the perceived popularity of political parties can lead to even more voters following this majority. However, empirical findings on this so-called political bandwagon effect are mixed. In the present paper, we integrate theories from political science and social psychology to explain these inconsistencies through social class as a potential moderating variable. Based on previous findings regarding consumer decisions, we hypothesized that bandwagon effects are greater among voters with lower social class. To investigate this hypothesis, we combined data from the German Longitudinal Election Study (GLES) Rolling Cross-Section 2021, which was collected over the 55 days before the 2021 German federal election, with the results of published preelection polls. Using separate multilevel models for each of the parties, we found no evidence for bandwagon effects. Only for the Social Democratic Party were poll results related to voting intentions assessed on the following day, suggesting that polls might have contributed to the party's electoral success. However, there was no evidence for a moderation of bandwagon effects by voters' social class. Accordingly, we could not resolve the mixed findings in this field of research. Our results point to important open questions in research on bandwagon effects in multiparty systems as well as on effects of social class in Germany. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version of this article (10.1007/s11615-022-00417-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabienne Unkelbach
- Chair of Consumer and Economic Psychology, University of Mannheim, A5, 6, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Melvin John
- Chair of Microsociology and Social Psychology, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
- Mannheim Centre for European Social Research (MZES), University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Vera Vogel
- Mannheim Centre for European Social Research (MZES), University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Nanni V, Mammola S, Macías-Hernández N, Castrogiovanni A, Salgado AL, Lunghi E, Ficetola GF, Modica C, Alba R, Spiriti MM, Holtze S, de Mello ÉM, De Mori B, Biasetti P, Chamberlain D, Manenti R. Global response of conservationists across mass media likely constrained bat persecution due to COVID-19. Biol Conserv 2022; 272:109591. [PMID: 35603331 PMCID: PMC9110911 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2022.109591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Most people lack direct experience with wildlife and form their risk perception primarily on information provided by the media. The way the media frames news may substantially shape public risk perception, promoting or discouraging public tolerance towards wildlife. At the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, bats were suggested as the most plausible reservoir of the virus, and this became a recurrent topic in media reports, potentially strengthening a negative view of this ecologically important group. We investigated how media framed bats and bat-associated diseases before and during the COVID-19 pandemic by assessing the content of 2651 online reports published across 26 countries, to understand how and how quickly worldwide media may have affected the perception of bats. We show that the overabundance of poorly contextualized reports on bat-associated diseases likely increased the persecution towards bats immediately after the COVID-19 outbreak. However, the subsequent interventions of different conservation communication initiatives allowed pro-conservation messages to resonate across the global media, likely stemming an increase in bat persecution. Our results highlight the modus operandi of the global media regarding topical biodiversity issues, which has broad implications for species conservation. Knowing how the media acts is pivotal for anticipating the propagation of (mis)information and negative feelings towards wildlife. Working together with journalists by engaging in dialogue and exchanging experiences should be central in future conservation management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Nanni
- School for Advanced Studies IUSS, Science, Technology and Society Department, 25100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Stefano Mammola
- Laboratory for Integrative Biodiversity Research (LIBRe), Finnish Museum of Natural History (LUOMUS), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Molecular Ecology Group (MEG), Water Research Institute, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-IRSA), Largo Tonolli 50, 28922 Verbania Pallanza, Italy
| | - Nuria Macías-Hernández
- Laboratory for Integrative Biodiversity Research (LIBRe), Finnish Museum of Natural History (LUOMUS), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Animal Biology, Edaphology and Geology, University of Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife 38206, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Alessia Castrogiovanni
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Cleoria, 10, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Ana L Salgado
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Enrico Lunghi
- Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenicka cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Gentile Francesco Ficetola
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Cleoria, 10, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Corrado Modica
- Faunico office of species protection, Leanderstraße 16, 54295 Trier, Germany
| | - Riccardo Alba
- Dept. of Life Science and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Via Accademia Albertina, 13, 10123 Torino, Italy
| | - Maria Michela Spiriti
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, 35020 Padua, Italy
- Ethics Laboratory for Veterinary Medicine, Conservation and Animal Welfare, University of Padua, 35020 Padua, Italy
| | - Susanne Holtze
- Department of Reproduction Management, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, 10315 Berlin, Germany
| | - Érica Munhoz de Mello
- Urban Bats Laboratory, Zoonoses Control Center of Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Barbara De Mori
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, 35020 Padua, Italy
| | - Pierfrancesco Biasetti
- Department of Reproduction Management, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, 10315 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dan Chamberlain
- Dept. of Life Science and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Via Accademia Albertina, 13, 10123 Torino, Italy
| | - Raoul Manenti
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Cleoria, 10, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Laboratory of Subterranean Biology "Enrico Pezzoli", Parco Regionale del Monte Barro, 23851 Galbiate, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Lee DN, Liu J, Keller-Hamilton B, Patterson JG, Wedel AV, Vázquez-Otero C, Stevens EM. Associations between perceived source credibility, e-cigarettes, and e-cigarette ad perceptions. Prev Med Rep 2022; 28:101862. [PMID: 35733610 PMCID: PMC9207267 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2022.101862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of e-cigarettes among U.S. adults remains high, and aggressive industry advertising is a contributor. Consumer opinions of the e-cigarette industry's credibility can influence e-cigarette product and ad perceptions. The purpose of this study was to examine the association of perceived source credibility of e-cigarette ads and consumer attitudes toward e-cigarette ads and product use. In October 2021, we conducted a survey using an online convenience sample (N = 497, Mage = 31.9). Participants viewed two randomly selected e-cigarette ads and were asked questions regarding source credibility, perceptions of the ads, and e-cigarette use. Linear mixed effects models with random intercepts were used to estimate associations between perceived source credibility with perceived ad relevance, effectiveness, liking, product use interest, and e-cigarette harms perceptions. We also tested whether associations between perceived source credibility and ad and e-cigarette perceptions were moderated by e-cigarette use. Models controlled for cigarette smoking status, age, sex, race, ethnicity, sexual orientation, and income. Perceived source credibility was positively associated with increased perceived ad relevance, effectiveness, liking, and product use interest (ps < 0.001). E-cigarette use moderated associations of perceived source credibility and perceived ad relevance, perceived ad effectiveness, and interest in using e-cigarettes, with associations being strongest among never users. Findings suggest that tobacco control messaging aiming to reduce the credibility of the e-cigarette industry might be most effective among adults who have never used e-cigarettes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donghee N Lee
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Division of Preventive and Behavioral Medicine, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Jessica Liu
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brittney Keller-Hamilton
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Center for Tobacco Research, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Joanne G Patterson
- Division of Epidemiology, The Ohio State University College of Public Health, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Amelia V Wedel
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Coralia Vázquez-Otero
- Department of Public Health, College for Health, Community and Policy, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Elise M Stevens
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Division of Preventive and Behavioral Medicine, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Myers CR, Muñoz LR, Mason DJ, Glickstein B. Media competencies for nurses: A Delphi study. Nurs Outlook 2022:S0029-6554(22)00056-2. [PMID: 35835617 DOI: 10.1016/j.outlook.2022.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Media raises awareness of important health issues, provides guidance to promote health, and shapes health policies. However, nurses are poorly represented in media. PURPOSE To propose competencies that can be used to advance nurses' knowledge and skills in using media to advance health. METHODS A Delphi study design of three successive surveys was employed. The Round 1 survey was sent to 70 nurse media leaders, and 28 (40%) responded. Seventeen respondents (61%) participated in Round 2. The Round 3 survey was not needed. DISCUSSION These competencies provide direction for academia, healthcare organizations, nursing associations and others who seek to develop the leadership and population health skills of nurses. Ways the competencies can be used are outlined. CONCLUSION There is an urgent need to improve population health outcomes by reducing disparities and promoting equity in health and health care. Media engagmeent is an importnat strategy for promoting population health. Additionally, promotion of better media representation of nurses and improved media engagement by nurses and nursing organizations all speak to the importance of advancing media competence.
Collapse
|
27
|
Lu C, Luan Y, Naicker SN, Subramanian SV, Behrman JR, Heymann J, Stein A, Richter LM. Assessing the prevalence of young children living in households prepared for COVID-19 in 56 low- and middle-income countries. Glob Health Res Policy 2022; 7:18. [PMID: 35729611 PMCID: PMC9210057 DOI: 10.1186/s41256-022-00254-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic and governments' attempts to contain it are negatively affecting young children's health and development in ways we are only beginning to understand and measure. Responses to the pandemic are driven largely by confining children and families to their homes. This study aims to assess the levels of and associated socioeconomic disparities in household preparedness for protecting young children under the age of five from being exposed to communicable diseases, such as COVID-19, in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). METHODS Using data from nationally representative household surveys in 56 LMICs since 2016, we estimated the percentages of young children under the age of five living in households prepared for communicable diseases (e.g., COVID-19) and associated residential and wealth disparities at the country- and aggregate-level. Preparedness was defined on the basis of space for quarantine, adequacy of toilet facilities and hand hygiene, mass media exposure at least once a week, and phone ownership. Disparities within countries were measured as the absolute gap in two domains-household wealth and residential area - and compared across regions and country income groups. RESULTS The final data set included 766,313 children under age five. On average, 19.4% of young children in the 56 countries lived in households prepared for COVID-19, ranging from 0.6% in Ethiopia in 2016 to 70.9% in Tunisia in 2018. In close to 90% of countries (50), fewer than 50% of young children lived in prepared households. Young children in rural areas or in the poorest households were less likely to live in prepared households than their counterparts. CONCLUSIONS A large portion of young children under the age of five in LMICs were living in households that did not meet all preparedness guidelines for preventing COVID-19 and caring for patients at home. This study highlights the need to ensure all families in LMICs have the means to prevent the spread of the pandemic or other communicable illnesses to young children during pandemics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunling Lu
- Division of Global Health Equity, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. .,Department of Global Health & Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Yiqun Luan
- The Heller School for Social Policy and Management, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, USA
| | - Sara N Naicker
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence in Human Development, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - S V Subramanian
- Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Center for Geographic Analysis, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jere R Behrman
- Department of Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jody Heymann
- WORLD Policy Analysis Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alan Stein
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.,Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - Linda M Richter
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence in Human Development, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Yang OK, Kim SW, Hyun J, Lee K, Paik JW, Lee YR. Structural Model Analysis of Discriminatory Behavior Toward People With Severe Mental Illness. Psychiatry Investig 2022; 19:480-487. [PMID: 35753687 PMCID: PMC9233951 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2021.0364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine how prejudice and attitude toward people with severe mental illness, formed through exposure to the mass media, affect discriminatory behavior toward them. METHODS Between September and November 2019, demographic data were collected using an online survey of 622 adults residing in South Korea. The scales used in this study were taken from the 2008 survey by the National Human Rights Commission of Korea. Structural equation modeling was performed for a comparative analysis of the direct and indirect effects. RESULTS Virtual experience through mass media exposure had a statistically significant effect on prejudice against people with severe mental illness. Direct experience had a positive influence on reducing prejudice and discriminatory behavior. The direct effects of prejudice on discriminatory behavior were significant. In terms of indirect effects, the full mediating effect of prejudice was significant for the virtual experience through the mass media-prejudice-discriminatory behavior path, and the partial mediating effect of prejudice was significant on the direct experience-prejudice-discrimination behavior path. CONCLUSION This study recommends more careful reporting of mental illness in the media, promoting anti-stigmatization programs that provide opportunities for direct contact between the public and people with severe mental illness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ok Kyung Yang
- Department of Social Welfare, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Wan Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhee Hyun
- Department of Social Welfare, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - KiYeon Lee
- Korea Human Resource Development Institute for Health & Welfare, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Woo Paik
- Department of Psychiatry, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Ri Lee
- Department of Social Welfare, Nambu University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Kite J, Huang BH, Laird Y, Grunseit A, McGill B, Williams K, Bellew B, Thomas M. Influence and effects of weight stigmatisation in media: A systematic. EClinicalMedicine 2022; 48:101464. [PMID: 35706492 PMCID: PMC9125650 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The lack of a comprehensive understanding of the role of mass media in perpetuating weight stigma hinders policy formulation. We reviewed the influence of mass media on weight stigmatisation and the effectiveness of media-based interventions designed to prevent or reduce stigma. METHODS We conducted a systematic review across seven databases from inception to December 2021. Included studies assessed exposure to or impact of weight stigma in mass media or examined interventions to reduce stigma through media in populations 12+ years. We synthesised data narratively, categorising studies based on similarity in focus to produce a set of integrated findings. The systematic review is registered in PROSPERO (No. CRD42020176306). FINDINGS One-hundred-and-thirteen records were eligible for inclusion from 2402 identified; 95 examined the prevalence of stigmatising content in mass media and its impact on stigma. Weight stigma was prevalent across media types, with the dominant discourse viewing overweight and obesity as an individual responsibility and overlooking systemic factors. Exposure to stigmatising content was found to negatively influence attitudes towards people with overweight or obesity. Few studies considered methods of reducing stigma in the media, with only two testing media-based interventions; their results were promising but limited. INTERPRETATION Weight stigma in media content is prevalent and harmful, but there is little guidance on reducing it. Future research focus needs to shift from assessing prevalence and impacts to weight stigma interventions. FUNDING None.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James Kite
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Corresponding author.
| | - Bo-Huei Huang
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yvonne Laird
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Anne Grunseit
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Bronwyn McGill
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kathryn Williams
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Nepean Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Nepean Blue Mountains Local Health District, Kingswood, NSW, Australia
| | - Bill Bellew
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Margaret Thomas
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Sznitman SR, Lewis N. Israeli news media coverage of COVID-19 and use of cannabis and tobacco: A case study of inconsistent risk communication. Int J Drug Policy 2022; 103:103648. [PMID: 35325638 PMCID: PMC8898739 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2022.103648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is continued scientific debate regarding the link between risk of COVID-19 infection and increased disease severity and tobacco and cannabis use. The way this topic is presented in news media coverage may influence public attitudes and behavior and is thus an important topic of investigation. This study examines (1) the extent to which Israeli news media reported a positive (i.e., protective/therapeutic), negative (i.e., harmful), or inconclusive association between three types of substance use (tobacco, medical cannabis, recreational cannabis) and risk of COVID-19 infection and/or increased disease severity, and (2) the extent that this media coverage refers to scientific research. METHODS A quantitative content analysis of news articles related to tobacco and cannabis use and COVID-19 (N = 113) from eleven of the highest circulation newspapers in Israel. RESULTS News items were significantly more likely to mention increased COVID-19 risk for tobacco use, compared to cannabis use. All medical cannabis news items reported that medical cannabis use was associated with reduced COVID-19 risk. In contrast, news items about recreational cannabis use were more likely to describe a balanced or inconclusive risk for COVID-19, or increased risk. The majority of articles referred to scientific research. CONCLUSION While Israeli news media reported a relatively consistent message about the increased risk of COVID-19 in relation to tobacco use, messages about cannabis use were less consistent in communicating risk information. Research should examine effects of media coverage of tobacco and cannabis use and COVID-19 on public perceptions and behaviors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sharon R Sznitman
- School of Public Health, University of Haifa, Eshkol Tower room 705 Mt, Carmel, 3190501, Haifa, Israel.
| | - Nehama Lewis
- Communication Department, University of Haifa, Rabin Complex 8032 Mt, Carmel, 3190501, Haifa, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Appiah F, Fenteng JOD, Darteh AO, Dare F, Saah JA, Takyi M, Ayerakwah PA, Boakye K, Ameyaw EK. Association between mass media exposure and endorsement of HIV-infected female teachers' teaching: insight from 2014 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey. BMC Womens Health 2022; 22:121. [PMID: 35428244 PMCID: PMC9013040 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-022-01705-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Ghana recorded 19,931 new annual HIV infections in 2018 translating to 14,181 AIDS-related deaths. Mass media is capable of ensuring the sustainability of initiatives aimed at curbing HIV/AIDS epidemic by reducing HIV/AIDS stigma and discrimination. The study aimed at exploring if mass media plays a role in whether HIV-infected female teachers should be allowed to teach in Ghana. Materials and methods The study used women’s file of the 2014 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey (GDHS). The current study was restricted to 6025 women who had complete information on the variables analysed. Binary Logistic regression was conducted between mass media and the dependent variable whilst controlling for the effect of the significant covariates. The results were presented in odds ratio (OR) and adjusted odds ratio (AOR) at 95% confidence interval (CI). All analyses were carried out using STATA version 14.0. Results Generally, 51% of the women mentioned that HIV-infected female teachers should be allowed to teach in Ghana. Women who accessed mass media had higher odds of endorsing that HIV-infected female teachersshould be allowed to teach compared to those without access to mass media [AOR = 1.37, CI 1.200–1.555], just as among those with secondary or higher education compared to those with no formal education [AOR = 1.30, CI 1.102–1.529]. Rural inhabitants had decreased odds of proclaiming that HIV-infected female teachers should be allowed to continue teaching compared with urban residents [AOR = 0.83, CI 0.717–0.957]. Conclusions Endorsement of HIV-positive female teachers’ continued teaching was associated with access to mass media. This is suggestive that various mass media platforms could help to reach the public with HIV/AIDS-related information, particularly those that touch on stigma and discrimination, which will potentially increase women’s knowledge and shape their perceptions about persons living with HIV. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12905-022-01705-1
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francis Appiah
- Berekum College of Education, Berekum, Bono Region, Ghana.,Department of Population and Health, College of Humanities and Legal Studies, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana.,School of Public Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | | | | | - Felix Dare
- Department of Population and Health, College of Humanities and Legal Studies, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Joel Afram Saah
- Department of Public Health, School of Allied Health Sciences, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
| | - Matthew Takyi
- Berekum College of Education, Berekum, Bono Region, Ghana
| | | | - Kingsley Boakye
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
| | - Edward Kwabena Ameyaw
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Ma W, Zhang P, Zhao X, Xue L. The coupled dynamics of information dissemination and SEIR-based epidemic spreading in multiplex networks. Physica A 2022; 588:126558. [PMID: 34744294 PMCID: PMC8559433 DOI: 10.1016/j.physa.2021.126558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) threatens the health and safety of all humanity. This disease has a prominent feature: the presymptomatic and asymptomatic viral carriers can spread the disease. It is crucial to estimate the impact of this undetected transmission on epidemic outbreaks. Currently, disease-related information has been widely disseminated by the mass media. To investigate the impact of both individuals and mass media information dissemination on the epidemic spreading, we establish a new UAU-SEIR (Unaware-Aware-Unaware-Susceptible-Exposed-Infected-Recovered) model with mass media on two-layer multiplex networks. In the model, E-state individuals denote asymptomatic infections, and a single node connecting to all individuals denotes the mass media. In this work, we use the Microscopic Markovian Chain Approach (MMCA) to derive the epidemic threshold. Comparing the MMCA theoretical results with Monte Carlo (MC) simulations, we find that the MMCA has a good consistency with MC simulations. In addition, we also analyze the impact of model parameters on epidemic spreading and epidemic threshold. The results show that reducing the proportion of asymptomatic infections, accelerating the dissemination of information between individuals and the dissemination of information via the mass media can effectively inhibit the epidemic spreading and raise the epidemic threshold.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weicai Ma
- School of Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- School of Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- School of Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China
| | - Leyang Xue
- School of Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China
- International Academic Center of Complex Systems, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, 519087, China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Bianchi FP, Tafuri S. A public health perspective on the responsibility of mass media for the outcome of the anti-COVID-19 vaccination campaign: the AstraZeneca case. Ann Ig 2022; 34:650-655. [PMID: 35107123 DOI: 10.7416/ai.2022.2499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT On February 9, 2021, the Italian Ministry of Health made the "Covid-19 vaccine AstraZeneca" (now "Vaxzevria") available for use in the anti-COVID-19 vaccination campaign. However, in early March, the media reported that five people died a few days after receiving the vaccine. The reaction among both those already vaccinated and the vaccine candidates was one of near panic. The subsequent events have had long-lasting consequences, as 10-20% of vaccine candidates have since refused vaccination with the AstraZeneca vaccine, so in addition to the delay in vaccination, ~200,000 doses of it were not administered. The goal of the vaccination campaign in Italy, when operating at full capacity, was to administer 500,000 doses per day, for a total of 3,500,000 doses per week. In this large amount of people, it is statistically certain that a certain number of subjects will develop non-vaccine related health problems or even die from causes unrelated to having been vaccinated. At this time in history, press reports must be inspired by a strong sense of responsibility and awareness of the potential consequences of misinformation; this is particularly true, especially because also the social media get inevitably involved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F P Bianchi
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, Aldo Moro University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - S Tafuri
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, Aldo Moro University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Soffer M. Cancer-related stigma in the USA and Israeli mass media: an exploratory study of structural stigma. J Cancer Surviv 2022; 16:213-222. [PMID: 35107795 PMCID: PMC8809241 DOI: 10.1007/s11764-021-01145-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cancer is considered a stigmatized condition in many cultures. One key cultural site that produces illness-related structural stigma is mass media. This study explored the social construction of cancer-related stigma in mass media during the time of COVID-19. Specifically, we compared how cancer-related stigma is constructed in two contexts: American and Israeli mass media. METHODS Two samples were drawn: all articles that mentioned cancer and published in a 4-month period in USA Today (N = 117) and Israel Today (N = 108). Inductive Thematic Analysis was used to analyze the articles. RESULTS Three similar themes were identified in the samples: "the trivialization of cancer," "cancer as metaphor," and the "the war against cancer." In both samples, people with cancer were depicted as heroic. Despite the similarities in themes, how each theme was constructed reflected sociocultural differences between the two samples. CONCLUSIONS There appear to be presented universal mechanisms of cancer-related stigma in the media, alongside cultural differences in how they are employed and constructed. IMPLICATIONS FOR CANCER SURVIVORS The results stress the importance of debunking cancer-related stigma in the media and elsewhere. Cancer survivors and their families, reporters, researchers, and other stakeholders in the two studied countries should collaborate to devise culturally informed guidelines for reporting and writing about cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michal Soffer
- School of Social Work, Faculty of Social Welfare & Health Sciences, University of Haifa, 199 Aba Khoushy Ave., Mount Carmel, 349883, Haifa, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
ZANINI MILKO, CATANIA GIANLUCA, HAYTER MARK, DASSO NICOLETTA, OTTONELLO GIULIA, ALEO GIUSEPPE, SASSO LOREDANA, BAGNASCO ANNAMARIA. Italian nurses' COVID-19 experiences from mass media interviews: a qualitative study. J Prev Med Hyg 2022; 62:E795-E801. [PMID: 35603237 PMCID: PMC9104667 DOI: 10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2021.62.4.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic is heavily hitting healthcare systems around the world, and nurses are battling in the front line. Previous studies have reported nurses' responses to catastrophic situations, but also interviews released by Italian nurses to the main mass media channels could bear important messages for policy makers and stakeholders. This study describes Italian front-line nurses' experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic through television interviews. Methods This is a descriptive qualitative study. Data were collected through purposive sampling from Italian front-line nurses' interviews during the COVID-19 pandemic. Publicly available interviews between 7th and 29th March 2020 were collected from the websites of national and regional television stations. Thematic content analysis was used to describe, summarize, and classify data into macro themes. The study is compliant with Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research. Results A total of 21 television interviews were collected from front-line clinical nurses, nursing managers, nursing trade union representatives and representatives of the Nursing Regulator. Thematic analysis yielded four macro-themes: psycho-social effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on health professionals; altered patient relationships; personal safety; recognition and promotion of the profession. Conclusions The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated some problems already present, such as the shortage of nurses, but has also turned the spotlight on the nursing profession. Highly involved and affected by the pandemic, nurses have become better known by the public and often also protagonists of public discussions. It is important that nurses' value as allies of the public emerges stronger from this dramatic situation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- MILKO ZANINI
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Via Pastore, Genoa, Italy
| | - GIANLUCA CATANIA
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Via Pastore, Genoa, Italy
- Correspondence: Gianluca Catania, Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, via Pastore 1, 16132 Genoa, Italy - Tel.: +39 010 3538519 - E-mail:
| | - MARK HAYTER
- Faculty of Health, Psychology, and Social Care, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - NICOLETTA DASSO
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Via Pastore, Genoa, Italy
| | - GIULIA OTTONELLO
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Via Pastore, Genoa, Italy
| | - GIUSEPPE ALEO
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Via Pastore, Genoa, Italy
| | - LOREDANA SASSO
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Via Pastore, Genoa, Italy
| | - ANNAMARIA BAGNASCO
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Via Pastore, Genoa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Lan R, Campana F, Tardivo D, Catherine JH, Vergnes JN, Hadj-Saïd M. Relationship between internet research data of oral neoplasms and public health programs in the European Union. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:648. [PMID: 34920710 PMCID: PMC8679572 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-02022-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tobacco and alcohol are the main risk factors for oral squamous cell carcinoma, the low survival rate of which is a public health problem. European-wide health policies (a prevention campaign, tobacco packaging) have been put in place to inform the population of the risks associated with consumption. Due to the increase in smoking among women, the incidence of this disease remains high. The identification of internet research data on the population could help to measure the impact of and better position these preventive measures. The objective was to analyze a potential temporal association between public health programs and interest in oral cancers on the internet in the European Union (EU). METHODS A search of data from Google ©, Wikipedia © and Twitter © users in 28 European countries relating to oral cancer between 2004 and 2019 was completed. Bibliometric analysis of press and scientific articles over the same period was also performed. The association between these data and the introduction of public health programs in Europe was studied. RESULTS There was a temporal association between changes in tobacco packaging and a significant increase in internet searches for oral cancer in seven countries. Unlike national policies and ad campaigns, the European awareness program Make Sense has had no influence on internet research. There was an asymmetric correlation in internet searches between publications on oral cancer from scientific articles or "traditional" media (weak association) and those from internet media such as Twitter © or Wikipedia © (strong association). CONCLUSION Our work highlights seven areas around which oral cancer awareness in Europe could be refocused, such as a change in the communication of health warnings on cigarette packs, the establishment of a more explicit campaign name regarding oral cancer, the involvement of public figures and associations in initiatives to be organized at the local level and the strengthening of awareness of the dangers of tobacco in the development of oral cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Romain Lan
- APHM, CNRS, EFS, ADES, Timone Hospital, Oral Public Health Department, Aix Marseille Univ, Marseille, France.
| | - Fabrice Campana
- APHM, INSERM, MMG, Timone Hospital, Oral Surgery Department, Aix Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
| | - Delphine Tardivo
- APHM, CNRS, EFS, ADES, Timone Hospital, Oral Public Health Department, Aix Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Hugues Catherine
- APHM, CNRS, EFS, ADES, Timone Hospital, Oral Surgery Department, Aix Marseille Univ, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Noel Vergnes
- Functional Unit of Epidemiology and Oral Public Health, Faculty of Odontology, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse III, Toulouse, France.,Division of Oral Health and Society, Mc Gill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Mehdi Hadj-Saïd
- Oral Surgery Department, APHM, CHU Timone, Marseille, France
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Soffer M. Biomedicalization, Stigma, and "Re-Gaying" HIV/AIDS in the Israeli Media. Arch Sex Behav 2021; 50:2813-2823. [PMID: 34519884 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-021-02061-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
HIV and AIDS are not merely biomedical conditions-they are socially constructed phenomena. Media coverage plays a prominent role in the public's understanding of HIV/AIDS. "Biomediatization" denotes the coproduction of HIV/AIDS by biomedicine and mass media. Nevertheless, despite the importance of the media in the social construction of HIV/AIDS, research on HIV/AIDS coverage in the Israeli media is negligible. This study examined the social construction of HIV/AIDS in Israel. The sample includes all items (88 texts and videos) published in three of the top news websites in a 1-year period that mentioned HIV or AIDS. Thematic analysis was employed. Three themes were identified. "The biomedicalization of HIV/AIDS" depicted HIV/AIDS as a one-faceted, biological phenomenon that concerns the body of the individual and is a public health issue. The second theme, "HIV/AIDS and stigma," consisted of subthemes: "acknowledging stigma" and "constructing stigma." In the former, the stigma ascribed to HIV/AIDS was acknowledged and discussed. The latter revealed various mechanisms employed by the media to construct and perpetuate HIV/AIDS stigma. The third theme we identified, "re-gaying HIV/AIDS," concerned the various venues through which HIV/AIDS is associated with gay men. The findings show that HIV/AIDS was depicted as a biomedical condition that concerns the individual. The implications of our study include a need to change the rhetoric of HIV/AIDS in the Israeli media such that it will address the complex issues of power and inequality that HIV/AIDS entails.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michal Soffer
- School of Social Work, Faculty of Sociassl Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, 199 Aba Khoushy Ave., Mount Carmel, 349883, Haifa, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Rath JM, Romberg AR, Perks SN, Edwards D, Vallone DM, Hair EC. Identifying message themes to prevent e-cigarette use among youth and young adults. Prev Med 2021; 150:106683. [PMID: 34119596 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2021.106683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In 2020, almost 20% of high school students reported current e-cigarette use. Mass media tobacco prevention campaigns are effective for preventing tobacco use among youth and young adults but selecting messages that will have maximum impact on the target audience is a significant challenge for campaign developers. This study describes the method for identification of potential messaging targets for a national anti-vape mass media campaign using criteria proposed by Hornik and Woolf in their health communication framework. A national sample of 15- to 24-year-olds (N = 1564) was recruited via an online panel in May 2020. Participants endorsed a series of vape-related attitudinal items. Items were considered potential message targets if they distinguished between the four vape use groups (current users, ever users, susceptible never-users, and non-susceptible never-users) and if less than 70% of respondents endorsed the anti-vape item response. The resulting items targeted five potential message themes, each forming a scale measured with three to four individual items. Message themes included social acceptability of vaping, anti-vape industry sentiment, independence from vaping, non-vaping identity, and perceived risk of harm. Findings were used to inform the development of truth® campaign messaging focused on reducing the prevalence of e-cigarette use among youth and young adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Rath
- Schroeder Institute at Truth Initiative, 900 G Street, NW, Fourth Floor, Washington, DC 20001, USA; Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Behavioral and Community Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, 4200 Valley Drive, Suite 2242, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
| | - Alexa R Romberg
- Schroeder Institute at Truth Initiative, 900 G Street, NW, Fourth Floor, Washington, DC 20001, USA; School of Global Public Health, New York University, 665 Broadway, Eleventh Floor, New York, NY 10012, USA
| | - Siobhan N Perks
- Schroeder Institute at Truth Initiative, 900 G Street, NW, Fourth Floor, Washington, DC 20001, USA.
| | - Domonique Edwards
- Schroeder Institute at Truth Initiative, 900 G Street, NW, Fourth Floor, Washington, DC 20001, USA
| | - Donna M Vallone
- Schroeder Institute at Truth Initiative, 900 G Street, NW, Fourth Floor, Washington, DC 20001, USA; Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; School of Global Public Health, New York University, 665 Broadway, Eleventh Floor, New York, NY 10012, USA.
| | - Elizabeth C Hair
- Schroeder Institute at Truth Initiative, 900 G Street, NW, Fourth Floor, Washington, DC 20001, USA; Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; School of Global Public Health, New York University, 665 Broadway, Eleventh Floor, New York, NY 10012, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Goodman S, Armendariz GC, Corkum A, Arellano L, Jáuregui A, Keeble M, Marshall J, Sacks G, Thrasher JF, Vanderlee L, White CM, Hammond D. Recall of government healthy eating campaigns by consumers in five countries. Public Health Nutr 2021; 24:3986-4000. [PMID: 33843564 PMCID: PMC10195272 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980021001415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine awareness and recall of healthy eating public education campaigns in five countries. DESIGN Data were cross-sectional and collected as part of the 2018 International Food Policy Study. Respondents were asked whether they had seen government healthy eating campaigns in the past year; if yes (awareness), they were asked to describe the campaign. Open-ended descriptions were coded to indicate recall of specific campaigns. Logistic models regressed awareness of healthy eating campaigns on participant country, age, sex, ethnicity, education, income adequacy and BMI. Analyses were also stratified by country. SETTING Online surveys. PARTICIPANTS Participants were Nielsen panelists aged ≥18 years in Australia, Canada, Mexico, UK and the USA (n 22 463). RESULTS Odds of campaign awareness were higher in Mexico (50·9 %) than UK (18·2 %), Australia (17·9 %), the USA (13·0 %) and Canada (10·2 %) (P < 0·001). Awareness was also higher in UK and Australia v. Canada and the USA, and the USA v. Canada (P < 0·001). Overall, awareness was higher among males v. females and respondents with medium or high v. low education (P < 0·001 for all). Similar results were found in stratified models, although no sex difference was observed in Australia or UK (P > 0·05), and age was associated with campaign awareness in UK (P < 0·001). Common keywords in all countries included sugar/sugary drinks, fruits and vegetables, and physical activity. The top five campaigns recalled were Chécate, mídete, muévete (Mexico), PrevenIMSS (Mexico), Change4Life (UK), LiveLighter® (Australia), and Actívate, Vive Mejor (Mexico). CONCLUSIONS In Mexico, UK and Australia, comprehensive campaigns to promote healthy lifestyles appear to have achieved broad, population-level reach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Goodman
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, OntarioN2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Gabriela C Armendariz
- Department of Health Promotion, Education and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Adele Corkum
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, OntarioN2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Laura Arellano
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
- Nutrition and Food Sciences, Psychology Education and Health Department, Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Occidente (ITESO), Tlaquepaque, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Alejandra Jáuregui
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Matthew Keeble
- Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Josephine Marshall
- Global Obesity Centre, Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gary Sacks
- Global Obesity Centre, Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - James F Thrasher
- Department of Health Promotion, Education and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
- Center for Population Health Research, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, MR, Mexico
| | - Lana Vanderlee
- École de Nutrition, Centre nutrition, Santé et Société (Centre NUTRISS) and Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Christine M White
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, OntarioN2L 3G1, Canada
| | - David Hammond
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, OntarioN2L 3G1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Joseph N, Sivanantham P, Sulgante S, Singh RJ, Goel S, Kar SS. Depiction of tobacco in Indian mass media: A content analysis. Indian J Tuberc 2021; 68S:S23-S28. [PMID: 34538387 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijtb.2021.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although exposure to tobacco content on mass media is a well-grounded source for early initiation, less is known on how tobacco is portrayed in mass media. OBJECTIVES To determine the proportion of tobacco appearances and the percentage of pro or anti-tobacco messages in the selected print, electronic and internet based Indian mass media. METHODS The content analysis was conducted among selected categories of: top two daily newspapers in terms of readership, topmost Television channel in terms of viewership and top five trending videos on YouTube. The tobacco appearances in newspaper, television (five minute interval) and YouTube (one minute interval) were recorded and coded as pro or anti-tobacco messages. RESULTS Tobacco appearances were present in 0.3% of 9373 [95% CI: 0.2-0.5] advertisements reviewed in Newspapers; all of which were pro-tobacco messages. Among the total 1512 intervals watched on Television, 18.1% [95% CI: 16.2-20.1] had tobacco appearance. There were a total of 289 tobacco incidents in television of which 92.4% were pro-tobacco messages. Out of the total 900 videos watched on YouTube, 11.44% [95% CI: 9.49-13.65] had tobacco appearance. Among the 206 tobacco incidents present in YouTube, 98.5% were pro-tobacco messages. CONCLUSIONS The study documented considerable extent of pro-tobacco depictions in Indian mass media.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neema Joseph
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, JIPMER, Puducherry, India
| | | | - Sudheera Sulgante
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, JIPMER, Puducherry, India
| | | | - Sonu Goel
- Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India; Public Health Masters Program, School of Medicine, University of Limerick, Ireland; Faculty of Human and Health Sciences, Swansea University, United Kingdom
| | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Conley CC, Otto AK, McDonnell GA, Tercyak KP. Multiple approaches to enhancing cancer communication in the next decade: translating research into practice and policy. Transl Behav Med 2021; 11:2018-2032. [PMID: 34347872 DOI: 10.1093/tbm/ibab089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Communicating risk and other health information in a clear, understandable, and actionable manner is critical for the prevention and control of cancer, as well as the care of affected individuals and their family members. However, the swift pace of development in communication technologies has dramatically changed the health communication landscape. This digital era presents new opportunities and challenges for cancer communication research and its impact on practice and policy. In this article, we examine the science of health communication focused on cancer and highlight important areas of research for the coming decade. Specifically, we discuss three domains in which cancer communication may occur: (a) among patients and their healthcare providers; (b) within and among families and social networks; and (c) across communities, populations, and the public more broadly. We underscore findings from the prior decade of cancer communication research, provide illustrative examples of future directions for cancer communication science, and conclude with considerations for diverse populations. Health informatics studies will be necessary to fully understand the growing and complex communication settings related to cancer: such works have the potential to change the face of information exchanges about cancer and elevate our collective discourse about this area as newer clinical and public health priorities emerge. Researchers from a wide array of specialties are interested in examining and improving cancer communication. These interdisciplinary perspectives can rapidly advance and help translate findings of cancer communication in the field of behavioral medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claire C Conley
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Amy K Otto
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Glynnis A McDonnell
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Kenneth P Tercyak
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Superio DL, Anderson KL, Oducado RMF, Luceño MT, Palcullo VEV, Bendalian MVT. The information-seeking behavior and levels of knowledge, precaution, and fear of college students in Iloilo, Philippines amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. Int J Disaster Risk Reduct 2021; 62:102414. [PMID: 34189029 PMCID: PMC8225315 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2021.102414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 pandemic is devastating the health, social, and economic well-being of citizens worldwide. The high rates of morbidity and mortality and the absence of vaccines cause fear among the people regardless of age, gender, or social status. People's fear is heightened by misinformation spread across all media types, especially on social media. Filipino college students are one of the top Internet users worldwide and are very active in social media. Hence they are very prone to misinformation. This paper aims to ascertain the levels of knowledge, precaution, and fear of COVID-19 of the college students in Iloilo, Philippines, and determine the effects of their information-seeking behavior on the variables above. This paper is a cross-sectional survey that used a qualitative-quantitative method and snowball sampling technique. Data were gathered among 228 college students using an online survey instrument a few months after the pandemic began. College students were knowledgeable of the basic facts about the highly infectious COVID-19. However, the majority were inclined to believe the myths and misinformation regarding the pandemic. Television was the primary, most believable, and preferred source when seeking information. The Internet as a preferred source of information was significantly associated with a high level of knowledge. In contrast, the information sourced from interpersonal channels were found to make college students very cautious. The local presence of COVID-19 cases had caused college students to fear, likely exacerbated by the plethora of information about the pandemic, mostly from Facebook. This is the first study conducted on the effects of the information-seeking behavior on the levels of knowledge, precaution, and fear of COVID-19 of the college students in Iloilo, Philippines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daryl L Superio
- Aquaculture Dept., Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, 5021, Tigbauan, Iloilo, Philippines
| | | | | | - Myrna T Luceño
- Central Philippines University, Jaro, 5000, Iloilo City, Philippines
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Bíró A, Szabó-Morvai Á. Mass media coverage and vaccination uptake: evidence from the demand for meningococcal vaccinations in Hungary. Eur J Health Econ 2021; 22:887-903. [PMID: 33837470 PMCID: PMC8034282 DOI: 10.1007/s10198-021-01296-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We estimate the effect of mass media coverage of the meningococcal disease on the uptake of meningococcal vaccinations in Hungary. Our analysis is based on administrative county-level data on vaccination purchases linked to indicators of media coverage of the meningococcal disease and to administrative records of disease incidence. Using geographical and time variations in these indicators, our fixed effects estimates indicate a strong positive effect of mass media coverage of the disease on the rate of vaccination with all types of the meningococcal vaccine. At the same time, we do not find evidence that disease incidence itself has a positive impact on vaccination. These findings are broadly in line with imperfect information and the principles of bounded rationality and highlight the responsibility of mass media in influencing health-related behaviours.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anikó Bíró
- Centre for Economic and Regional Studies, Lendület Health and Population Research Group, Tóth Kálmán utca 4, Budapest, 1097, Hungary.
| | - Ágnes Szabó-Morvai
- Centre for Economic and Regional Studies, Lendület Health and Population Research Group, Tóth Kálmán utca 4, Budapest, 1097, Hungary
- University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Rodríguez Rodríguez-Caro CJ, Acosta Artiles FJ, Cejas Méndez MR, Ramallo-Fariña Y, Fernández Garcimartin H. [Differences in the adequacy of news about suicide in Spain vs. Victoria, Australia: are interventions aimed to the media effective?]. Rev Esp Salud Publica 2021; 95:e202106083. [PMID: 34184666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE News about suicide may have either a contagion effect or a protective effect. For this reason, interventions aimed to the media are a priority. However, the effectiveness of the interventions has not yet been elucidated. The objective of the study was to evaluate comparatively the characteristics and adequacy of suicide news articles between geographical areas in which interventions aimed at media either exist or not. METHODS We evaluated suicide news articles in the four main digital media of Spain (without interventions) and Victoria, Australia (with interventions), according to Alexa (a website traffic statistics). We assessed adherence to World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations, avoidability, frequency, and typology of suicide news articles. The evaluation period was 6 months. Bivariate analysis was performed comparing the samples using t-test, Chi-Squared test and Fisher's exact test according to the type of variable. RESULTS We identified 378 suicide news articles: 141 in Spain and 237 in Victoria. Suicide news articles in Spain showed a lower degree of adherence to the WHO recommendations than those from Victoria (2.97 vs. 11.8; p<0.001). Mean daily number of suicide news articles was lower in Spain (0.78 vs. 1.31; p<0.001). Typology according to contents was different between both regions (p=0.045), with greater prevalence of "suicide after murder" in Spain. However, there were no differences either in avoidability, or in typology according to behaviour. CONCLUSIONS Suicide news articles are more adequate in the geographic area in which interventions aimed at media are performed. These better characteristics imply lower risk of contagion effect, greater likelihood of protective effect and, therefore, a potential beneficial effect on the suicidal behaviour in the reference population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos J Rodríguez Rodríguez-Caro
- Servicio de Psiquiatría. Hospital General de Fuerteventura. Las Palmas. España
- Servicio de Psiquiatría. Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe. Valencia. España
| | - Francisco J Acosta Artiles
- Servicio de Salud Mental. Dirección General de Programas Asistenciales. Servicio Canario de la Salud. España
- Red de Investigación en Servicios de Salud en Enfermedades Crónicas (REDISSEC). Instituto de Salud Carlos III. Madrid. España
- Servicio de Psiquiatría. Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular Materno-Infantil. Las Palmas de Gran Canaria. España
| | - María R Cejas Méndez
- Servicio de Psiquiatría. Hospital Universitario de Canarias. Tenerife. España
- Universidad de La Laguna. Tenerife. España
| | - Yolanda Ramallo-Fariña
- Fundación Canaria Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Canarias (FIISC). Santa Cruz de Tenerife. España
- Red de Investigación en Servicios de Salud en Enfermedades Crónicas (REDISSEC). Madrid. España
| | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Venkat M, Janakiram C. Mass media coverage in Health & Oral Health-related advertisements: A content analysis in Kerala, India. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2021; 11:451-456. [PMID: 34258183 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2021.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In today's world, the mass media plays an important role, and it can provide a unified platform for all public health communication, comprehensive healthcare education, and guidelines. As a result, we investigated the various types of general health and oral health messages and advertisements broadcast through various forms of mass media. Objective The main objective is to identify & analyze the health & oral-health related dialogue and messages with the content of the mass media. Method ology: Content analysis of general health and oral health-related advertisements was done in various media, like the print media (magazines & newspapers), television (audio-visual) and radio stations (audio). The data was collected by an independent investigator, like prime time, advertisements, articles, and public service announcements (PSAs), etc., and the observations were recorded for subsequent analysis. Results Only n = 753 incidents of health n = 663 (88.1%) and oral health n = 90 (11.9%) were reported during the study period, out of 6180 pages of published print media and 200 h of prime-time broadcast channel & station advertisements, respectively. There are n = 506 incidents in the print media, implying that health n = 481 (95.1%) and oral health n = 25 (4.9%) are, respectively. Compared to other media, audio-visual media, n = 229, show 26.7% of incidents of oral health information (n 58), while 73.3% of incidents are of general health information (n 171). Only 38.9% of oral health incidents (n = 7) were broadcast during prime time. Conclusion The findings of this study may help promoters, policymakers, public health providers, and other stakeholders, to be more precise about general or oral health-related information to be effective in the messages the mass media have been utilizing and in improving future health.
Collapse
Key Words
- AIDS, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
- Advertisement
- BARC, Broadcast Audience Research Council
- Content analysis
- DOTS, Directly observed treatment short-course
- GATS-2, Global Adult Tobacco Survey-2
- HD, High-Definition
- Health promotion
- ICMR, Indian council of Medical Research
- ICTC, Integrated Counselling and Testing Centre's
- IRS, Indian readership survey
- MOHFW, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
- Mass media
- Media
- NACO, National Aids Control Organization
- NGOs, Non-governmental organizations
- Oral health
- PEM, Protein-energy malnutrition
- PSAs, Public service announcements
- RAM, Radio audience measurements
- SLT, Smokeless tobacco
- SPSS, Statistical Package for Social Science
- TV, Television
- UNICEF, United Nations Children's Fund
- WHO, World Health Organization
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Malliga Venkat
- Amrita School of Dentistry, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS, Ponekkara P.O., Kochi, 682041, Kerala, India
| | - Chandrashekar Janakiram
- Amrita School of Dentistry, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS, Ponekkara P.O., Kochi, 682041, Kerala, India
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Abstract
During the current COVID-19 pandemic, misinformation is a major challenge, raising several social and psychological concerns. This article highlights the prevailing misinformation as an outbreak containing hoaxes, myths, and rumours. In comparison to traditional media, online media platforms facilitate misinformation even more widely. To further affirm this ethical concern, the researchers cite relevant studies demonstrating the role of new media in misinformation and its potential consequences. Besides other significant psychosocial impacts, such as xenophobia, psychological distress, LGBT rights violation, gender-based violence, misinformation is undermining healthcare workers' psychological health and their efforts to mitigate the impact of COVID-19. In view of the adverse consequences of misinformation, this article addresses it as a massive ethical challenge during the current outbreak. Thus, the researchers make relevant suggestions to evaluate misinformation sources and mitigate the psychosocial impacts attributed to misinformation during crises. They include forming mental health teams comprising of psychologists, psychiatrists, and trained paramedical staff; rapid dissemination of authentic and updated COVID-19 situation reports regularly; establishing helpline services; and recognizing a broader range of personal needs. All health authorities should make clear that they are listening and responding to public concerns. Much effort is needed to counteract COVID-19 misinformation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sana Ali
- Allama Iqbal Open University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Atiqa Khalid
- Sahiwal Medical College (affiliated with the University of Health Sciences, Lahore), Sahiwal, Pakistan
| | - Erum Zahid
- Quaid e Azam University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Rodríguez Rodríguez-Caro CJ, Acosta Artiles FJ, Cejas Méndez MR, Fernández-Garcimartin H, González Martín JM. [News articles in the spanish digital press media: characteristics of the sample and adherence to World Health Organization guidelines.]. Rev Esp Salud Publica 2021; 95:e202104056. [PMID: 33879763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE News about suicide may cause a contagion effect or a protective effect. For this reason, the World Health Organization (WHO) has published recommendations on responsible media coverage of suicide. Certain characteristics of suicide news articles and their frequency have been associated to such effects. Despite their importance, these aspects have been scarcely studied in the Spanish media. The objective of this study was to identify the characteristics of suicide news articles in the Spanish digital media. METHODS We identified the adherence to WHO recommendations, avoidability, frequency, and typology of suicide news articles in the four main spanish digital media (El País, El Mundo, El Confidencial and ABC), according to Alexa (a website traffic statistics). Adherence was evaluated from a dichotomous and continuous perspective by using an ad hoc scale, and avoidability was conceptually defined. The evaluation period was 6 months (11/1/2016-04/30/2017). The statistical program used was R Core Team (2017). RESULTS We analysed 141 suicide news articles. Of these, 99.12% did not adhere to the recommendations, the degree of adherence was 2.97 (95% CI, 2.19-3.75; range between +22 and -22), 34.51% were avoidable, 34.04% were about "suicide after murder", and 90.04% about death by suicide. CONCLUSIONS Adherence to WHO recommendations is very low in suicide news articles. Furthermore, almost one third of them are avoidable. The identified profile points out the need for interventions aimed at the media. Besides, it allows adjusting their contents to the identified specific needs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos J Rodríguez Rodríguez-Caro
- Servicio de Psiquiatría. Hospital General de Fuerteventura. Las Palmas. España
- Servicio de Psiquiatría. Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe. Valencia. España
| | - Francisco J Acosta Artiles
- Servicio de Salud Mental. Dirección General de Programas Asistenciales. Servicio Canario de la Salud. España
- Red de Investigación en Servicios de Salud en Enfermedades Crónicas (REDISSEC). Instituto de Salud Carlos III. España
- Servicio de Psiquiatría. Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular Materno-Infantil. Gran Canaria. España
| | - María R Cejas Méndez
- Servicio de Psiquiatría. Hospital Universitario de Canarias. Tenerife. España
- Universidad de La Laguna. Tenerife. España
| | | | - Jesús M González Martín
- Unidad de Investigación. Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Dr. Negrín. Las Palma. España
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Lindström M. The New Totalitarians: The Swedish COVID-19 strategy and the implications of consensus culture and media policy for public health. SSM Popul Health 2021; 14:100788. [PMID: 34136630 PMCID: PMC8182112 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2021.100788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims The aim is to discuss implications of consensus culture in combination with media policy in Sweden with regard to the Swedish COVID-19 strategy in the spring of 2020. Methods Investigation of prerequisites for scrutiny by the Swedish mass media of the Swedish strategy in the spring of 2020 based on discussion regarding consensus culture, media structure and postmodernism in science, politics and administration. Results The Swedish strategy entailed strong initial confidence in herd immunity (although not officially stated), individual responsibility, evidence based medicine and substantial neglect to cooperate internationally. The strategy may be regarded partly as a result of the postmodern view of science and society predominant in Sweden. A tradition of top down consensus culture combined with mass media's financial and partly structural dependence of the state may help explain the comparative lack of critical questions regarding the strategy at the press conferences in the spring of 2020. Conclusions Mass media in Sweden should become more financially and structurally independent of the state. The reporting by Swedish media in the spring of 2020 should be subject to peer-reviewed research.
Collapse
|
49
|
Villanti AC, LePine SE, West JC, Cruz TB, Stevens EM, Tetreault HJ, Unger JB, Wackowski OA, Mays D. Identifying message content to reduce vaping: Results from online message testing trials in young adult tobacco users. Addict Behav 2021; 115:106778. [PMID: 33341530 PMCID: PMC8085990 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Young adults' e-cigarette use is associated with perceptions that e-cigarettes are less harmful or addictive than cigarettes, socially acceptable, and appealing. This study developed and tested vaping educational messages addressing these factors: 1) Harm Perceptions, 2) Addictiveness, 3) Social Use, and 4) Flavors. METHODS Two message trials were conducted in U.S. Amazon Mechanical Turk workers aged 18-24 using a 2 (content: addiction, harm) × 3 (theme: alone, + flavors, + social) design with multiple messages in each of the six categories. Participants were assigned to view a random subset of messages and report on likeability and perceived message effectiveness (PME). Phase 1 (n = 200) tested 33 messages and 32 images. Phase 2 (n = 769) tested combinations of Phase 1's 24 most effective messages with 6 images rated most likeable or effective. Linear mixed effects models assessed the effect of content, theme, image, and their interactions on message response. RESULTS In both trials, most participants were past 30-day tobacco users. Harm content messages produced higher PME ratings than addiction content messages, and flavor theme messages were correlated with higher likeability scores than "content alone" theme messages. In Phase 2, flavor and social message themes decreased the PME of harm messages. There was no effect of images on either outcome controlling for the independent or interaction effects of content, theme, and image. CONCLUSIONS Messages conveying the harms of vaping may be best for reducing vaping in young adult tobacco users; flavor and social themes may diminish their effectiveness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea C Villanti
- Vermont Center on Behavior and Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, USA.
| | - S Elisha LePine
- Vermont Center on Behavior and Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, USA
| | - Julia C West
- Vermont Center on Behavior and Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, USA
| | - Tess Boley Cruz
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, USA
| | - Elise M Stevens
- Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard University, USA
| | - Haley J Tetreault
- Vermont Center on Behavior and Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, USA
| | - Jennifer B Unger
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, USA
| | - Olivia A Wackowski
- Center for Tobacco Studies, School of Public Health, Rutgers, the State University, USA
| | - Darren Mays
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wexner Medical Center, Center for Tobacco Research, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, USA
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Casado-Aranda LA, Sánchez-Fernández J, Viedma-Del-Jesús MI. Analysis of the scientific production of the effect of COVID-19 on the environment: A bibliometric study. Environ Res 2021; 193:110416. [PMID: 33157104 PMCID: PMC7607265 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The fight against COVID-19 since January 2020 has become the top priority of more than 200 countries. In order to offer solutions to eradicate this global pandemic, the scientific community has published hundreds of articles covering a wide range of areas of knowledge. With the aim of synthesizing these publications, academics are resorting to bibliometric analyses from the perspectives of the disciplines such as biology, medicine, socioeconomics and tourism. Yet no bibliometric analysis has explored the diffuse and little-known growth of COVID-19 scientific publications in the field of environmental studies. The current study is the first of this type to fill this research gap. It has resorted to SciMAT software to evaluate the main topics, authors and journals of publications on the subject of COVID-19 combined with environmental studies spanning the period between 1 December 2019 and 6 September 2020. The search yielded a collection of 440 articles published in scientific journals indexed on by Web of Science and Scopus databases. These publications can be broken down into six main themes: (i) a sharp reduction in air pollution and an improvement of the level of water pollution; (ii) the relationship of wind speed (positive), ultraviolet radiation (positive) and humidity (negative) with the rate of infections; (iii) the effect of the pandemic on the food supply chain and waste habits; (iv) wastewater monitoring offers a great potential as an early warning sign of COVID-19 transmission; (v) artificial intelligence and smart devices can be of great use in monitoring citizen mobilization; and (vi) the lessons gleaned from the pandemic that help define actions to mitigate climate change. The results of the current study therefore offer an agenda for future research and constitute a starting point for academics in the field of environmental studies to evaluate the effects of COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis-Alberto Casado-Aranda
- Department of Marketing and Market Research, University of Granada, Campus Universitario la Cartuja, 18011, Granada, Spain.
| | - Juan Sánchez-Fernández
- Department of Marketing and Market Research, University of Granada, Campus Universitario la Cartuja, 18011, Granada, Spain.
| | - María I Viedma-Del-Jesús
- Department of Marketing and Market Research, University of Granada, Campus Universitario la Cartuja, 18011, Granada, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|