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Alqarni AA, Qahtani AA, Albalooshy AM, Shukr BS, Alarabi SM, Algahtani FS, Alhazmi AO, Felemban MF, Ashour AA. Association of High BMI with Dental History, Sociodemographic Characteristics, and DMFT Index in Female Students at Taif University Sports Center: A Cross-Sectional Analysis. J Clin Med 2025; 14:3464. [PMID: 40429458 PMCID: PMC12112170 DOI: 10.3390/jcm14103464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2025] [Accepted: 05/10/2025] [Indexed: 05/29/2025] Open
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Oral health has a significant impact on our overall well-being. The DMFT index assesses dental caries prevalence, whilst the body mass index (BMI) estimates body fat, with obesity defined as BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2. Obesity adversely affects women's health, including increased risks of chronic diseases. In Saudi Arabia, with a rising obesity rate, especially amongst women, highlights the need to investigate the relationship between BMI and oral health. Our aim is to evaluate the association of high BMI (body mass index), dental history, diet, physical activity, and oral hygiene practices with DMFT (decayed, missing, and filled teeth) of female students at Taif University, Saudi Arabia. Methods: This cross-sectional observational study included female students at a sports facility in Taif University, Saudi Arabia, with a high BMI. A convenience sampling technique was used. Participants were categorized into three groups based on their BMI. Data was then collected through structured interviews and oral examinations. The prevalence and types of chief complaints, sociodemographic status, and DMFT index in female students with a high BMI, as well as the possible mechanisms linking BMI, were analyzed. Results: The study included 138 female students, 86 of whom were obese female students, aged 18-27. Compared to the control group, participants with higher BMI were more likely to visit the dentist due to pain and had a higher number of missing teeth. Systemic diseases, such as asthma and type 2 diabetes, were significantly more prevalent among obese participants. No significant correlation was found between BMI and dental hygiene practices or dietary habits. Higher BMI was significantly associated with an increase in missing teeth (β = 0.09, 95% CI: 0.00 to 0.18, p = 0.045). However, it was not found with the overall DMFT index. Conclusions: higher BMI among female university students was associated with an increased prevalence of missing teeth and systemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Abdullah Alqarni
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.A.); (S.M.A.); (M.F.F.)
| | - Abeer Ali Qahtani
- Department of Restorative Dental Science, Faculty of Dentistry, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.Q.); (F.S.A.)
| | - Amal Mohammad Albalooshy
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.A.); (B.S.S.); (A.O.A.)
| | - Bandar Saud Shukr
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.A.); (B.S.S.); (A.O.A.)
| | - Shaimaa Mohammed Alarabi
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.A.); (S.M.A.); (M.F.F.)
| | - Fahad Saeed Algahtani
- Department of Restorative Dental Science, Faculty of Dentistry, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.Q.); (F.S.A.)
| | - Azzah Owayimer Alhazmi
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.A.); (B.S.S.); (A.O.A.)
| | - Mohammed Fareed Felemban
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.A.); (S.M.A.); (M.F.F.)
| | - Amal Adnan Ashour
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.A.); (S.M.A.); (M.F.F.)
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