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Vigo M, Navarro J, Aguzzi J, Bahamón N, García JA, Rotllant G, Recasens L, Company JB. ROV-based monitoring of passive ecological recovery in a deep-sea no-take fishery reserve. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 883:163339. [PMID: 37087018 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In the context of marine conservation, trawl fishing activity is the most important ecosystem stressor in demersal Mediterranean waters. Limited management measures in bottom trawling have caused deep-sea stocks of the iconic Norway lobster Nephrops norvegicus to decrease over the last decade. This crustacean acts as an umbrella species for co-existing megafauna. Here, we used non-invasive Remote Operated Vehicle (ROV) video-surveys to investigate the status of a pilot deep-sea no-take reserve implemented in the northwestern Mediterranean by quantifying demographic indicators of Norway lobsters and the co-existing benthic community, seafloor restoration, and the presence of marine litter. The results revealed that in the no-take reserve the Norway lobster stock showed higher abundance and biomass, and slightly larger body sizes than in the control area without fishing prohibition. Some taxa, such as the fishes Helicolenus dactylopterus and Trigla lyra and anemones of the family Cerianthidae, increased in abundance. We also observed that all trawling marks were smoothed and most of the seafloor was intact, clear indicators of the recovery of the muddy seafloor. The accumulation of marine debris and terrestrial vegetation was similar in the no-take reserve and the fished area. On the basis of the results of this study, we suggest that the use of no-take reserves might be an effective measure for recovering the Norway lobster stock, its co-existing megafauna community, and the surrounding demersal habitat. We also suggest that ROV video-survey might be a useful, and non-invasive method to monitor megafauna and seafloor status in protected deep-sea environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vigo
- Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM), CSIC, Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Joan Navarro
- Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM), CSIC, Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jacopo Aguzzi
- Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM), CSIC, Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn (SZN), Naples, Italy
| | - Nixon Bahamón
- Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM), CSIC, Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Antonio García
- Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM), CSIC, Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Guiomar Rotllant
- Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM), CSIC, Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Recasens
- Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM), CSIC, Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan B Company
- Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM), CSIC, Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
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2
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Dalongeville A, Boulanger E, Marques V, Charbonnel E, Hartmann V, Santoni MC, Deter J, Valentini A, Lenfant P, Boissery P, Dejean T, Velez L, Pichot F, Sanchez L, Arnal V, Bockel T, Delaruelle G, Holon F, Milhau T, Romant L, Manel S, Mouillot D. Benchmarking eleven biodiversity indicators based on environmental
DNA
surveys: more diverse functional traits and evolutionary lineages inside marine reserves. J Appl Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.14276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Emilie Boulanger
- Aix‐Marseille Université Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO), UM 110 Marseille France
| | - Virginie Marques
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE‐PSL University, IRD, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3 Montpellier France
| | - Eric Charbonnel
- Parc Marin de la Côte Bleue, Observatoire, plage du Rouet. 31 Av. J. Bart. BP 42. 13820 Carry‐le‐Rouet France
| | - Virginie Hartmann
- Reserve Naturelle Marine de Cerbère‐Banyuls, Département des Pyrénées‐Orientales, 5 rue Roger David 66650 Banyuls‐sur‐mer France
| | | | - Julie Deter
- MARBEC, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD Montpellier France
- Andromède Océanologie, 7 place Cassan – Carnon plage, 34130 Mauguio France
| | - Alice Valentini
- SPYGEN, 17 rue du Lac Saint‐André, 73370 Le Bourget‐du‐Lac France
| | - Philippe Lenfant
- Université Perpignan Via Domitia Centre de Formation et de Recherche sur les Environnements Méditerranéens, UMR 5110, 58 Avenue Paul Alduy Perpignan France
| | - Pierre Boissery
- Agence de l’Eau Rhône‐Méditerranée‐Corse, Délégation de Marseille, 2 rue Barbusse, CS 90464, 13207 Marseille Cedex France
| | - Tony Dejean
- SPYGEN, 17 rue du Lac Saint‐André, 73370 Le Bourget‐du‐Lac France
| | - Laure Velez
- MARBEC, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD Montpellier France
| | - Franck Pichot
- MARBEC, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD Montpellier France
| | - Loic Sanchez
- MARBEC, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD Montpellier France
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE‐PSL University, IRD, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3 Montpellier France
| | - Veronique Arnal
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE‐PSL University, IRD, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3 Montpellier France
| | - Thomas Bockel
- Andromède Océanologie, 7 place Cassan – Carnon plage, 34130 Mauguio France
| | | | - Florian Holon
- Andromède Océanologie, 7 place Cassan – Carnon plage, 34130 Mauguio France
| | - Tristan Milhau
- SPYGEN, 17 rue du Lac Saint‐André, 73370 Le Bourget‐du‐Lac France
| | - Lola Romant
- MARBEC, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD Montpellier France
| | - Stéphanie Manel
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE‐PSL University, IRD, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3 Montpellier France
| | - David Mouillot
- MARBEC, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD Montpellier France
- Institut Universitaire de France Paris France
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3
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Blowes SA, Chase JM, Di Franco A, Frid O, Gotelli NJ, Guidetti P, Knight TM, May F, McGlinn DJ, Micheli F, Sala E, Belmaker J. Mediterranean marine protected areas have higher biodiversity via increased evenness, not abundance. J Appl Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shane A. Blowes
- School of Zoology George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
- Department of Computer Science Martin Luther University Halle‐Wittenberg Halle (Salle) Germany
| | - Jonathan M. Chase
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
- Department of Computer Science Martin Luther University Halle‐Wittenberg Halle (Salle) Germany
| | - Antonio Di Franco
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn Dipartimento Ecologia Marina Integrata Sede Interdipartimentale della Sicilia Lungomare Cristoforo Colombo (complesso Roosevelt) Palermo Italy
- Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare CoNISMa Rome Italy
- Université Côte d’Azur CNRSUMR 7035 ECOSEAS Nice France
| | - Ori Frid
- School of Zoology George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel
| | | | - Paolo Guidetti
- Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare CoNISMa Rome Italy
- Université Côte d’Azur CNRSUMR 7035 ECOSEAS Nice France
| | - Tiffany M. Knight
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
- Institute of Biology Martin Luther University Halle‐Wittenberg Halle (Saale) Germany
- Department of Community Ecology Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research‐ UFZ Halle (Saale) Germany
| | - Felix May
- Leuphana Universität Lüneburg Lüneburg Germany
| | | | - Fiorenza Micheli
- Hopkins Marine Station and Stanford Center for Ocean Solutions Pacific Grove CA USA
| | - Enric Sala
- National Geographic Society Washington DC USA
| | - Jonathan Belmaker
- School of Zoology George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel
- The Steinhardt Museum of Natural HistoryTel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel
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4
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Bejarano S, Pardede S, Campbell SJ, Hoey AS, Ferse SCA. Herbivorous fish rise as a destructive fishing practice falls in an Indonesian marine national park. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2019; 29:e01981. [PMID: 31349375 DOI: 10.1002/eap.1981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Securing ecosystem functions is challenging, yet common priority in conservation efforts. While marine parks aim to meet this challenge by regulating fishing through zoning plans, their effectiveness hinges on compliance levels and may respond to changes in fishing practices. Here we use a speciose assemblage of nominally herbivorous reef fish in Karimunjawa National Park (zoned since 1989) to investigate whether areas subject to a restrictive management regime sustained higher biomass over seven years compared to areas where moderate and permissive regulations apply. Using a trait-based approach we characterize the functional space of the entire species pool and ask whether changes in biomass translate into changes in functional structure. We track changes in predator biomass, benthic community structure, and fishing practices that could influence herbivore trajectories. Overall herbivore biomass doubled in 2012 compared to 2006-2009 and remained high in 2013 across all management regimes. We found no evidence that this biomass build-up resulted from predator depletion or increased food availability but suggest it emerged in response to a park-wide cessation of fishing with large drive nets known as muroami. The biomass increase was accompanied by a modest increase in taxonomic richness and a slight decrease in community-scale rarity that did not alter functional redundancy levels. Subtle changes in both functional specialization and identity of assemblages emerged as generalist species with low intrinsic vulnerability to fishing recovered sooner than more vulnerable specialists. While this implies a recovery of mechanisms responsible for the grazing of algal turfs and detritus, restoring other facets of herbivory (e.g., macroalgal consumption) may require more time. An increase in the cost-benefit ratio per journey of muroami fishing facilitated a ban on muroami nets that met minimal resistance. Similar windows of opportunity may emerge elsewhere in which gear-based regulations can supplement zoning plans, especially when compliance is low. This does not advocate for implementing such regulations once a fishery has become unprofitable. Rather, it underlines their importance for breaking the cycle of resource depletion and low compliance to zoning, thus alleviating the resulting threats to food security and ecosystem integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Bejarano
- Reef Systems Research Group, Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research (ZMT), Fahrenheitstraße 6, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Shinta Pardede
- Indonesia Marine Programme, Wildlife Conservation Society, Bogor, 16151, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Stuart J Campbell
- Indonesia Marine Programme, Wildlife Conservation Society, Bogor, 16151, West Java, Indonesia
- Rare Indonesia, Jalan Gunung Gede 1 No. 6, Taman Kencana, Bogor, 16151, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Andrew S Hoey
- ARC Centre of Excellence of Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia
| | - Sebastian C A Ferse
- Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research (ZMT), Fahrenheitstraße 6, 28359, Bremen, Germany
- Faculty of Biology and Chemistry (FB2), University of Bremen, Bibliothekstraße 1, 28359, Bremen, Germany
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5
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Cheng BS, Altieri AH, Torchin ME, Ruiz GM. Can marine reserves restore lost ecosystem functioning? A global synthesis. Ecology 2019; 100:e02617. [DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian S. Cheng
- Tennenbaum Marine Observatories Network Smithsonian Institution Washington District of Columbia 20013 USA
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center Edgewater Maryland 21037 USA
- Department of Environmental Conservation University of Massachusetts Amherst Massachusetts 01003 USA
| | - Andrew H. Altieri
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Apartado 0843‐03092 Balboa Republic of Panama
- Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences University of Florida Gainesville Florida 32611 USA
| | - Mark E. Torchin
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Apartado 0843‐03092 Balboa Republic of Panama
| | - Gregory M. Ruiz
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center Edgewater Maryland 21037 USA
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6
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Jantke K, Kuempel CD, McGowan J, Chauvenet ALM, Possingham HP. Metrics for evaluating representation target achievement in protected area networks. DIVERS DISTRIB 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Jantke
- Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability Research Unit Sustainability and Global Change Universität Hamburg Hamburg Germany
| | - Caitlin D. Kuempel
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science School of Biological Sciences The University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions School of Biological Sciences The University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Jennifer McGowan
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science School of Biological Sciences The University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions School of Biological Sciences The University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Alienor L. M. Chauvenet
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science School of Biological Sciences The University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions School of Biological Sciences The University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Hugh P. Possingham
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science School of Biological Sciences The University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions School of Biological Sciences The University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
- The Nature Conservancy Arlington Virginia
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7
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Fidler RY, Carroll J, Rynerson KW, Matthews DF, Turingan RG. Coral reef fishes exhibit beneficial phenotypes inside marine protected areas. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0193426. [PMID: 29470525 PMCID: PMC5823445 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Human fishing effort is size-selective, preferentially removing the largest individuals from harvested stocks. Intensive, size-specific fishing mortality induces directional shifts in phenotypic frequencies towards the predominance of smaller and earlier-maturing individuals, which are among the primary causes of declining fish biomass. Fish that reproduce at smaller size and younger age produce fewer, smaller, and less viable larvae, severely reducing the reproductive capacity of harvested populations. Marine protected areas (MPAs) are extensively utilized in coral reefs for fisheries management, and are thought to mitigate the impacts of size-selective fishing mortality and supplement fished stocks through larval export. However, empirical evidence of disparities in fitness-relevant phenotypes between MPAs and adjacent fished reefs is necessary to validate this assertion. Here, we compare key life-history traits in three coral-reef fishes (Acanthurus nigrofuscus, Ctenochaetus striatus, and Parupeneus multifasciatus) between MPAs and fished reefs in the Philippines. Results of our analyses support previous hypotheses regarding the impacts of MPAs on phenotypic traits. Asymptotic length (Linf) and growth rates (K) differed between conspecifics in MPAs and fished reefs, with protected populations exhibiting phenotypes that are known to confer higher fecundity. Additionally, populations demonstrated increases in length at 50% maturity (L50) inside MPAs compared to adjacent areas, although age at 50% maturity (A50) did not appear to be impacted by MPA establishment. Shifts toward advantageous phenotypes were most common in the oldest and largest MPAs, but occurred in all of the MPAs examined. These results suggest that MPAs may provide protection against the impacts of size-selective harvest on life-history traits in coral-reef fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Y. Fidler
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Jessica Carroll
- Fish and Wildlife Research Institute, Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, St. Petersburg, Florida, United States of America
| | - Kristen W. Rynerson
- Fish and Wildlife Research Institute, Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, St. Petersburg, Florida, United States of America
| | - Danielle F. Matthews
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, Florida, United States of America
| | - Ralph G. Turingan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, Florida, United States of America
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8
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Villaseñor-Derbez JC, Faro C, Wright M, Martínez J, Fitzgerald S, Fulton S, Mancha-Cisneros MDM, McDonald G, Micheli F, Suárez A, Torre J, Costello C. A user-friendly tool to evaluate the effectiveness of no-take marine reserves. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191821. [PMID: 29381762 PMCID: PMC5790253 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine reserves are implemented to achieve a variety of objectives, but are seldom rigorously evaluated to determine whether those objectives are met. In the rare cases when evaluations do take place, they typically focus on ecological indicators and ignore other relevant objectives such as socioeconomics and governance. And regardless of the objectives, the diversity of locations, monitoring protocols, and analysis approaches hinder the ability to compare results across case studies. Moreover, analysis and evaluation of reserves is generally conducted by outside researchers, not the reserve managers or users, plausibly thereby hindering effective local management and rapid response to change. We present a framework and tool, called "MAREA", to overcome these challenges. Its purpose is to evaluate the extent to which any given reserve has achieved its stated objectives. MAREA provides specific guidance on data collection and formatting, and then conducts rigorous causal inference analysis based on data input by the user, providing real-time outputs about the effectiveness of the reserve. MAREA's ease of use, standardization of state-of-the-art inference methods, and ability to analyze marine reserve effectiveness across ecological, socioeconomic, and governance objectives could dramatically further our understanding and support of effective marine reserve management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Villaseñor-Derbez
- Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America
| | - Caio Faro
- Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America
| | - Melaina Wright
- Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America
| | - Jael Martínez
- Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America
| | - Sean Fitzgerald
- Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America
| | - Stuart Fulton
- Comunidad y Biodiversidad A.C., Calle Isla del Peruano, Guaymas, Sonora, México
| | | | - Gavin McDonald
- Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America
- Sustainable Fisheries Group, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America
- Marine Science Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America
| | - Fiorenza Micheli
- Hopkins Marine Station and Center for Ocean Solutions, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA, 93950, United States of America
| | - Alvin Suárez
- Comunidad y Biodiversidad A.C., Calle Isla del Peruano, Guaymas, Sonora, México
| | - Jorge Torre
- Comunidad y Biodiversidad A.C., Calle Isla del Peruano, Guaymas, Sonora, México
| | - Christopher Costello
- Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America
- Sustainable Fisheries Group, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America
- Marine Science Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America
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9
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Rudd MA. Pathways from marine protected area design and management to ecological success. PeerJ 2015; 3:e1424. [PMID: 26644975 PMCID: PMC4671168 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Using an international dataset compiled from 121 sites in 87 marine protected areas (MPAs) globally (Edgar et al., 2014), I assessed how various configurations of design and management conditions affected MPA ecological performance, measured in terms of fish species richness and biomass. The set-theoretic approach used Boolean algebra to identify pathways that combined up to five ‘NEOLI’ (No-take, Enforced, Old, Large, Isolated) conditions and that were sufficient for achieving positive, and negative, ecological outcomes. Ecological isolation was overwhelming the most important condition affecting ecological outcomes but Old and Large were also conditions important for achieving high levels of biomass among large fishes (jacks, groupers, sharks). Solution coverage was uniformly low (<0.35) for all models of positive ecological performance suggesting the presence of numerous other conditions and pathways to ecological success that did not involve the NEOLI conditions. Solution coverage was higher (>0.50) for negative results (i.e., the absence of high biomass) among the large commercially-exploited fishes, implying asymmetries in how MPAs may rebuild populations on the one hand and, on the other, protect against further decline. The results revealed complex interactions involving MPA design, implementation, and management conditions that affect MPA ecological performance. In general terms, the presence of no-take regulations and effective enforcement were insufficient to ensure MPA effectiveness on their own. Given the central role of ecological isolation in securing ecological benefits from MPAs, site selection in the design phase appears critical for success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murray A Rudd
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Emory University , Atlanta, GA , United States
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10
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Baskett ML, Barnett LA. The Ecological and Evolutionary Consequences of Marine Reserves. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGY EVOLUTION AND SYSTEMATICS 2015. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-112414-054424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Here we review the population, community, and evolutionary consequences of marine reserves. Responses at each level depend on the tendency of fisheries to target larger body sizes and the tendency for greater reserve protection with less movement within and across populations. The primary population response to reserves is survival to greater ages and sizes plus increases in the population size for harvested species, with greater response to reserves that are large relative to species' movement rates. The primary community response to reserves is an increase in total biomass and diversity, with the potential for trophic cascades and altered spatial patterning of metacommunities. The primary evolutionary response to reserves is increased genetic diversity, with the theoretical potential for protection against fisheries-induced evolution and selection for reduced movement. The potential for the combined outcome of these responses to buffer marine populations and communities against temporal environmental heterogeneity has preliminary theoretical and empirical support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa L. Baskett
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California, Davis, California 95616-5270
| | - Lewis A.K. Barnett
- Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Oceans, under contract to Fisheries Resource Assessment and Monitoring Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, Seattle, Washington 98110
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
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