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Barmoen M, Bærum KM, Mathiesen KE. Living with wolves: A worldwide systematic review of attitudes. AMBIO 2024:10.1007/s13280-024-02036-1. [PMID: 38833186 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-024-02036-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
This systematic review of peer reviewed articles on attitudes towards gray wolves (Canis lupus), shows that attitudes are mainly measured either by mean values of attitudes or by proportional differences in attitudes. This may impact on how attitudes are perceived and interpreted across studies and areas. However, independent of method used, we found that people living in areas where wolves always have existed, are more negative towards wolves compared to people living in areas where there are no wolves, or where wolves have recovered after years of absence. People who express fear, or being directly affected by having wolves, such as farmers and hunters, report more negative attitudes compared to other groups of respondents. For wolf conservation we recommend politicians and management authorities to prepare local societies of the different consequences of living in wolf areas. We recommend using dialogues and conflict management methods to minimize the level of conflicts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Barmoen
- Faculty of Applied Ecology, Agricultural Sciences and Biotechnology, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Campus Evenstad, 2480, Koppang, Norway
| | - Kim Magnus Bærum
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Fakkelgården, 2426, Lillehammer, Norway
| | - Kristin E Mathiesen
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Fakkelgården, 2426, Lillehammer, Norway.
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Wuczyński A, Pieńczak A, Krogulec G. Rural reality contradicts the ethnographic literature-a nationwide survey on folk beliefs and people's affection for the stork in Poland. JOURNAL OF ETHNOBIOLOGY AND ETHNOMEDICINE 2024; 20:51. [PMID: 38745225 PMCID: PMC11094895 DOI: 10.1186/s13002-024-00689-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to early synanthropization and ecological and behavioural features, the White Stork Ciconia ciconia became the most cherished of European birds. Rooted in human culture, the species has been well studied; nevertheless, knowledge of people's attitudes and stork-related folk beliefs remain descriptive. Here, we attempt to quantify these issues in the world's largest stronghold of the species, Poland, in the 1950s. METHODS The study is based on recently discovered, original nationwide survey data from the 1958 International White Stork Census. These materials were gathered to assess the population size, but they also included issues belonging to the humanities. We have worked them up in a quantitative manner, which has resulted in an original approach rarely found in ethnological studies. We aim to propose an original typology of stork-related beliefs, their spread and regional diversity in Poland and the relationship with stork abundance. RESULTS A sample of 2343 questionnaires revealed that affection towards storks was widespread (91.4% positive responses), more so in eastern Poland. The most frequent beliefs relate to respect for the stork (65%) and prophesies (24%), thereafter parental beliefs (7%) and stork biology (3%). Positive attitudes and the dissemination of beliefs increased with stork densities but were unrelated to the respondents' sex. Utilitarian beliefs outweighed those prioritized in ethnographic studies (e.g. the stork's human origins) or popular today (baby-bringing), and expressed the real concerns of country folk. CONCLUSIONS The discovery of long-lost data bordering on ethnology and nature conservation and their novel work-up highlights a realistic dimension of the human-nature relationship and provides a benchmark for further interdisciplinary research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Wuczyński
- Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, A. Mickiewicza 33, 31-120, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Pieńczak
- Institute of Culture Studies, Faculty of Humanities, University of Silesia, Uniwersytecka 4, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
| | - Gabriela Krogulec
- Stowarzyszenie Rzeczniczki Przyrody (Nature's Advocates Association), Walecznych 7/11, 50-341, Wrocław, Poland
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3
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Massei G, Jacob J, Hinds LA. Developing fertility control for rodents: a framework for researchers and practitioners. Integr Zool 2024; 19:87-107. [PMID: 37277987 DOI: 10.1111/1749-4877.12727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Fertility control is often heralded as a humane and effective technique for management of overabundant wildlife, including rodents. The intention is to reduce the use of lethal and inhumane methods, increase farm productivity and food security as well as reduce disease transmission, particularly of zoonoses. We developed a framework to guide researchers and stakeholders planning to assess the effectiveness of a potential contraceptive agent for a particular species. Our guidelines describe the overarching research questions which must be sequentially addressed to ensure adequate data are collected so that a contraceptive can be registered for use in broad-scale rodent management. The framework indicates that studies should be undertaken iteratively and, at times, in parallel, with initial research being conducted on (1) laboratory-based captive assessments of contraceptive effects in individuals; (2) simulation of contraceptive delivery using bait markers and/or surgical sterilization of different proportions of a field-based or enclosure population to determine how population dynamics are affected; (3) development of mathematical models which predict the outcomes of different fertility control scenarios; and (4) implementation of large-scale, replicated trials to validate contraceptive efficacy under various management-scale field situations. In some circumstances, fertility control may be most effective when integrated with other methods (e.g. some culling). Assessment of non-target effects, direct and indirect, and the environmental fate of the contraceptive must also be determined. Developing fertility control for a species is a resource-intensive commitment but will likely be less costly than the ongoing environmental and economic impacts by rodents and rodenticides in many contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Massei
- Botstiber Institute for Wildlife Fertility Control, Department of Environment and Geography, University of York, Heslington, York, UK
| | - Jens Jacob
- Rodent Research, Institute for Epidemiology and Pathogen Diagnostics, Julius Kühn-Institute (JKI) Federal Research Institute for Cultivated Plants, Münster, Germany
| | - Lyn A Hinds
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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Carlson SC, Vucetich JA, Elbroch LM, Perry S, Roe LA, Butler T, Bruskotter JT. The role of governance in rewilding the United States to stem the biodiversity crisis. Bioscience 2023; 73:879-884. [PMID: 38162572 PMCID: PMC10755707 DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biad099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
A critical but underattended feature of the biodiversity crisis is the contraction of geographic range experienced by most studied terrestrial vertebrates. In the United States, the primary policy tool for mitigating the biodiversity crisis is a federal law, the Endangered Species Act (ESA). For the past two decades, the federal agencies that administer the ESA have interpreted the act in a manner that precludes treating this geographic element of the crisis. Therefore, the burden of mitigating the biodiversity crisis largely falls on wildlife agencies within state government, which are obligated to operate on behalf of the interests of their constituents. We present survey research indicating that most constituents expect state agencies to prioritize species restoration over other activities, including hunting. This prioritization holds even among self-identified hunters, which is significant because state agencies often take the provisioning of hunting opportunity as their top priority. By prioritizing rewilding efforts that restore native species throughout portions of their historic range, state agencies could unify hunting and nonhunting constituents while simultaneously stemming the biodiversity crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelby C Carlson
- Terrestrial Wildlife Ecology Lab, in the School of Environment and Natural Resources at the Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
- Cornell Lab of Ornithology at Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States
| | - John A Vucetich
- College of Forest Resources and Environmental Science at Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, United States
| | | | - Shelby Perry
- Northeast Wilderness Trust, Montpelier, Vermont, United States
| | - Lydia A Roe
- Northeast Wilderness Trust, Montpelier, Vermont, United States
| | - Tom Butler
- Northeast Wilderness Trust, Montpelier, Vermont, United States
| | - Jeremy T Bruskotter
- Terrestrial Wildlife Ecology Lab, in the School of Environment and Natural Resources at the Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
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5
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Sakurai R, Tsunoda H, Enari H, Stedman RC. Public attitudes and intentions toward engaging in reintroduction of wolves to Japan. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2023; 37:e14130. [PMID: 37259599 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.14130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Reintroducing apex predators is an important approach in ecosystem restoration; however, it is challenging. Wolves (Canis lupus) were exterminated in Japan around 1900, and since then, there has been a lack of top predators throughout the country. Currently, the wild ungulate population is increasing, causing agricultural and forest damage. This has triggered an ongoing debate among researchers and nongovernmental organizations on whether wolves should be reintroduced to promote self-regulating biodiverse ecosystems. We conducted a nationwide survey to examine public attitudes toward wolf reintroduction (WR) in Japan. We sent online questionnaires to 88,318 citizens across the country. Among the 12,028 respondents, excluding those with invalid or incomplete answers and unqualified respondents, we obtained and analyzed 7500 responses that were representative of Japanese citizens in terms of some key sociodemographic attributes. More respondents disagreed with WR (39.9%) than agreed (17.1%), and many respondents (43.0%) were undecided. Structural equation modeling revealed that risk perceptions affected public attitudes, implying that the greater the perceived threat of wolf attacks, the less likely people are to support WR. In contrast, attitudes toward wolves (e.g., "I like wolves.") influenced by wildlife value orientation and beliefs about the ecological role of wolves (e.g., controlling deer populations) positively affected public attitudes toward WR. Those who had a positive attitude toward WR showed intentions to engage in behaviors that support WR. Our results suggest that the dissemination of information related to the ecological role of wolves and the development of a more mutualistic mindset in people could positively influence public support for WR in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Sakurai
- College of Policy Science, Ritsumeikan University, Ibaraki-shi, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tsunoda
- Center for Environmental Science in Saitama, Kazo-shi, Japan
| | - Hiroto Enari
- Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, Tsuruoka-shi, Japan
| | - Richard C Stedman
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
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Fortin D, Cimon-Morin J. Public opinion on the conflict between the conservation of at-risk species and the extraction of natural resources: The case of caribou in boreal forest. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 897:165433. [PMID: 37437641 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Conflicts between economic development and conservation are increasingly hampering efforts to restore imperiled wildlife populations. Public opinion can influence how these conflicts translate into conservation actions, encouraging stakeholders to express their views through various public channels. The outcome of these campaigns typically remains unknown. Via an online survey, we collected to the opinion of 1000 citizens of Québec, Canada, regarding the ongoing conflict between logging and the conservation of at-risk caribou populations (Rangifer tarandus). We found that people expect conservation actions that are sufficient to recover caribou populations, even if millions of government investment are required and jobs are lost in the process. When respondents learned that academic caribou researchers indicated that the two management strategies being studied by government would be insufficient for population recovery, one-third withdrew their support for either strategy. Age, gender and education all explain variation in public opinion, but it was the region of residence that most consistently explained variation in opinion. Residents of caribou-inhabited regions were less concerned about caribou conservation and more supportive of forestry than residents of other regions, reflecting regional differences in expected economic impacts of conservation, not negative interactions with caribou. In fact, most people supported strong conservation actions for the recovery of caribou populations, regardless of their socio-demographics. Our analysis provides general insights into how public opinion on the trade-off between conservation and economy is influenced by socio-demographics and scientific conclusions. We found that current government conservation actions (or lack thereof) are not in line with mainstream public opinion. Moreover, we show that making species at-risk lists does not ensure that the species will benefit from strong conservation actions without lengthy delays, even for a high-profile, flagship species like caribou. This observation echoes concerns about the fate of less charismatic, at-risk species, and thus about future biodiversity conservation efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Fortin
- Centre d'Étude de la Forêt, Département de biologie, Pavillon Alexandre-Vachon, 1045 Avenue de la Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Jérôme Cimon-Morin
- Centre d'Étude de la Forêt, Département des Sciences du bois et de la forêt, Pavillon Abitibi-Price, 2405 Rue de la Terrasse, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
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Cerri J, Musto C, Stefanini FM, di Nicola U, Riganelli N, Fontana MC, Rossi A, Garbarino C, Merialdi G, Ciuti F, Berzi D, Delogu M, Apollonio M. A human-neutral large carnivore? No patterns in the body mass of gray wolves across a gradient of anthropization. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0282232. [PMID: 37262076 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0282232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The gray wolf (Canis lupus) expanded its distribution in Europe over the last few decades. To better understand the extent to which wolves could re-occupy their historical range, it is important to test if anthropization can affect their fitness-related traits. After having accounted for ecologically relevant confounders, we assessed how anthropization influenced i) the growth of wolves during their first year of age (n = 53), ii) sexual dimorphism between male and female adult wolves (n = 121), in a sample of individuals that had been found dead in Italy between 1999 and 2021. Wolves in anthropized areas have a smaller overall variation in their body mass, during their first year of age. Because they already have slightly higher body weight at 3-5 months, possibly due to the availability of human-derived food sources. The difference in the body weight of adult females and males slightly increases with anthropization. However, this happens because of an increase in the body mass of males only, possibly due to sex-specific differences in dispersal and/or to "dispersal phenotypes". Anthropization in Italy does not seem to have any clear, nor large, effect on the body mass of wolves. As body mass is in turn linked to important processes, like survival and reproduction, our findings indicates that wolves could potentially re-occupy most of their historical range in Europe, as anthropized landscapes do not seem to constrain such of an important life-history trait. Wolf management could therefore be needed across vast spatial scales and in anthropized areas prone to social conflicts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Cerri
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Carmela Musto
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Federico M Stefanini
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Politiche Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano "La Statale", Milano, Italy
| | | | | | - Maria C Fontana
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna Bruno Ubertino, Brescia, Italy
| | - Arianna Rossi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna Bruno Ubertino, Brescia, Italy
| | - Chiara Garbarino
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna Bruno Ubertino, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Merialdi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna Bruno Ubertino, Brescia, Italy
| | | | | | - Mauro Delogu
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Apollonio
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
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Are birdwatchers willing to participate in local goose management? A case study from Sweden. EUR J WILDLIFE RES 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10344-023-01649-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
AbstractStakeholder involvement in wildlife management is important and requires knowledge about factors motivating such participation. With several goose populations increasing in Europe and goose management incorporating multiple objectives, involvement of stakeholder groups with diverse interests is needed. In this study, we examined how evaluations of geese (attitude and acceptance capacity), but also experiences of birdwatching and birdwatcher identity, were associated with willingness to participate in local goose management. A survey among members of Sweden’s largest birdwatching organization was conducted (n = 5010). The majority of respondents, 64%, displayed a divided evaluation of geese, most frequently in terms of an overall positive attitude towards geese but a low acceptance for current goose population levels (i.e. acceptance capacity). Birdwatchers’ willingness to participate in goose management was generally low. Whereas they were more willing to take part in goose counts (i.e. monitoring) than to participate in local goose management groups, they were least willing to contribute to mitigating crop damage through scaring geese. Results further revealed that birdwatchers with a divided evaluation of geese and an entirely positive evaluation displayed the highest willingness to participate in goose management. However, a stronger distinct birdwatcher identity as a result of more birdwatching experiences was even more strongly associated with higher willingness to take part in goose management. The results highlight a need to intensify efforts to engage stakeholder groups with an interest in conservation issues in the participatory goose management system in Europe.
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Martínez-Jauregui M, Delibes-Mateos M, Arroyo B, Glikman JA, Soliño M. Beyond rural vs urban differences: A close match in european preferences in some basic wildlife management and conservation principles. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 331:117236. [PMID: 36652880 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The EU biodiversity strategy for 2030 sets out a framework of commitments and actions to tackle the main drivers of biodiversity loss. Such framework needs to be built on a whole-of-society approach to biodiversity protection, mobilizing private and public funding. In this context, our goal was estimating societal support and preferences about some basic wildlife management principles, which may be useful to inform EU decision-makers about societal priorities and other additional funding sources for wildlife conservation. A discrete choice experiment was conducted by 2415 inhabitants in six European countries (Spain, France, Italy, UK, Germany, Sweden), including residents in both rural (47% of respondents) and urban areas. Our findings reveal a clear pattern across western Europe with similar trends along the studied countries, and even between rural and urban citizens, on some basic wildlife management principles. According to our survey, payments for environmental services contribute to achieving a higher well-being from European citizens in any of the prospective wildlife programs considered, which suggests it is an acceptable tool to share out funds for biodiversity conservation. In addition, managing scarce species is preferred over managing too abundant species; management in forest, agricultural and aquatic habitats is prioritized over that in urban landscapes; and management in protected areas is preferred over management in non-protected ones. These findings suggest that there is a common culture in Europe related to the management of wildlife even when considering citizens with contrasted ways of life: rural vs urban citizens from northern to southwestern Europe. Overall, this study may help in the design of wildlife management policies that maximize societal acceptability and gather higher support.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Martínez-Jauregui
- Instituto de Ciencias Forestales (INIA, CSIC) Crta. La Coruña, Km 7.5, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Miguel Delibes-Mateos
- Instituto de Estudios Sociales Avanzados (IESA-CSIC) Campo Santo de Los Mártires 7, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Beatriz Arroyo
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC, CSIC-UCLM-JCCM). Ronda de Toledo 12, 13005, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Jenny Anne Glikman
- Instituto de Estudios Sociales Avanzados (IESA-CSIC) Campo Santo de Los Mártires 7, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Mario Soliño
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas, CSIC. Rúa Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208, Vigo, Spain
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Emergency‐line calls as an indicator to assess human–wildlife interaction in urban areas. Ecosphere 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.4418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
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11
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Edelblutte É, Krithivasan R, Hayek MN. Animal agency in wildlife conservation and management. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2023; 37:e13853. [PMID: 35262968 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Wildlife conservation and management (WCM) practices have been historically drawn from a wide variety of academic fields, yet practitioners have been slow to engage with emerging conversations about animals as complex beings, whose individuality and sociality influence their relationships with humans. We propose an explicit acknowledgement of wild, nonhuman animals as active participants in WCM. We examined 190 studies of WCM interventions and outcomes to highlight 3 common assumptions that underpin many present approaches to WCM: animal behaviors are rigid and homogeneous; wildlife exhibit idealized wild behavior and prefer pristine habitats; and human-wildlife relationships are of marginal or secondary importance relative to nonhuman interactions. We found that these management interventions insufficiently considered animal learning, decision-making, individuality, sociality, and relationships with humans and led to unanticipated detrimental outcomes. To address these shortcomings, we synthesized theoretical advances in animal behavioral sciences, animal geographies, and animal legal theory that may help conservation professionals reconceptualize animals and their relationships with humans. Based on advances in these fields, we constructed the concept of animal agency, which we define as the ability of animals to actively influence conservation and management outcomes through their adaptive, context-specific, and complex behaviors that are predicated on their sentience, individuality, lived experiences, cognition, sociality, and cultures in ways that shape and reshape shared human-wildlife cultures, spaces, and histories. Conservation practices, such as compassionate conservation, convivial conservation, and ecological justice, incorporate facets of animal agency. Animal agency can be incorporated in conservation problem-solving by assessing the ways in which agency contributes to species' survival and by encouraging more adaptive and collaborative decision-making among human and nonhuman stakeholders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Émilie Edelblutte
- Earth and Environment Department, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Roopa Krithivasan
- Graduate School of Geography, Clark University, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Matthew Nassif Hayek
- Department of Environmental Studies, New York University, New York, New York, USA
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Menale R, Riley SJ, Organ JF. Attitudes of The Wildlife Society members toward uses of wildlife. WILDLIFE SOC B 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/wsb.1419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Menale
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Michigan State University East Lansing MI 48824 USA
| | - Shawn J. Riley
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Michigan State University East Lansing MI 48824 USA
| | - John F. Organ
- U.S. Geological Survey Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Units Reston VA 20714 USA
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Morales N, Lee J, Newberry M, Bailey K. Redefining American conservation for equitable and inclusive social-environmental management. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2023; 33:e2749. [PMID: 36130875 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Efforts to recruit, retain, and include Blacks, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC) in environmental fields often fall short, in part due to limited conceptualizations of conservation and environment. At the core of this is the North American Model for Wildlife Conservation, an important approach to conservation and wildlife management that has influenced conservation globally. This model, however, is based upon a specific subset of worldviews, driven by Western and Eurocentric constructions of wilderness and nature. This model creates a narrow view of human-environment relationships and erases cultures and communities that explicitly view themselves as part of nature. We review the seven tenets of the North American Model for Wildlife Conservation, highlighting their limitations and exclusion of other models of environmental and natural resource management and alternative relationships with nature. In order to support long-term environmental engagement and culturally responsive research, 21st century environmental practitioners should shift our thinking around conservation to center counter narratives of BIPOC communities, scientists, and professionals as part of and meaningfully connected to nature. We argue that relying solely on the historically dominant language and ideologies at the core of the North American Model perpetuates disparities in environmental engagement and limits retention of BIPOC in environmental fields. We further highlight how shifts in understanding conservation and relationships to nature enables us to re-frame our work to support equitable, inclusive, and just conservation science and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nia Morales
- Wildlife Ecology and Conservation Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Jordan Lee
- Environmental Studies Program, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Milton Newberry
- Center for Sustainability & the Environment, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Karen Bailey
- Environmental Studies Program, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
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Vaughn AK, Larson LR, Peterson MN, Pacifici LB. Factors associated with human tolerance of snakes in the southeastern United States. FRONTIERS IN CONSERVATION SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fcosc.2022.1016514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Conservation of snakes is influenced by humans’ beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors toward these often-maligned animals. We investigated public attitudes toward snakes through an online survey of undergraduate students (n = 743) at a large public university in a southeastern U.S. state. We used behavioral intent (i.e., how a person would react if they encountered a snake) to assess tolerance of different snake species. We also examined various predictors of tolerance including demographic attributes and a variety of cognitive (e.g., knowledge, value orientations) and affective (e.g., emotions) social-psychological variables. Tolerance of snakes varied based on whether the snake was venomous or non-venomous: about 36% of students said they were likely to kill venomous snakes they encountered, compared with 9% who said they would kill non-venomous snakes and 21% of students who said they would kill snakes whose identity was uncertain. However, most students (54%) could not distinguish between venomous and non-venomous species. Value orientations and emotions were strong predictors of tolerance for snakes, suggesting snake outreach and management strategies should account for both cognitive and affective antecedents of behavior.
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Ditmer MA, Wittemyer G, Breck SW, Crooks KR. Defining ecological and socially suitable habitat for the reintroduction of an apex predator. Glob Ecol Conserv 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2022.e02192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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16
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Murray MH, Byers KA, Buckley J, Lehrer EW, Kay C, Fidino M, Magle SB, German D. Public perception of urban wildlife during a COVID-19 stay-at-home quarantine order in Chicago. Urban Ecosyst 2022; 26:127-140. [PMID: 36196074 PMCID: PMC9523173 DOI: 10.1007/s11252-022-01284-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Reduced human activity to mitigate the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic was accompanied by reports of unusual wildlife sightings in highly developed areas. Such experiences with urban nature may have helped residents cope with the stress of the pandemic and increased public interest in urban wildlife; however, this may depend on the species residents encountered. In this study, we surveyed Chicago, Illinois, USA residents during a stay-at-home order to understand if residents in more affluent or greener neighborhoods saw more wildlife species. We also evaluated whether encounters with pest and non-pest species were associated with residents' values about wildlife. Of 593 responses included in our analyses, respondents in higher-income and greener neighborhoods were more likely to perceive increased wildlife sightings and respondents in higher-income areas reported observing a higher number common birds and mammals. Support for seeing wildlife in residential areas was associated with seeing passerine birds and not seeing rats during the stay-at-home order. Our results suggest that perceived increases in wildlife sightings were common during a stay-at-home order, especially for affluent residents, and that residents' perceptions depended on the species encountered. Understanding how changes in human behavior modifies human-wildlife interactions can help mitigate human-wildlife conflict and foster positive engagement with local wildlife. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11252-022-01284-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen H. Murray
- Dept. of Conservation and Science, Urban Wildlife Institute, Lincoln Park Zoo, 2001 N Clark St, 60614 Chicago, IL USA
| | - Kaylee A. Byers
- grid.17091.3e0000 0001 2288 9830Department of Interdisciplinary Studies, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada
- Canadian Wildlife Health Cooperative, Animal Health Centre, Abbotsford, BC Canada
| | - Jacqueline Buckley
- Dept. of Conservation and Science, Urban Wildlife Institute, Lincoln Park Zoo, 2001 N Clark St, 60614 Chicago, IL USA
| | - Elizabeth W. Lehrer
- Dept. of Conservation and Science, Urban Wildlife Institute, Lincoln Park Zoo, 2001 N Clark St, 60614 Chicago, IL USA
| | - Cria Kay
- Dept. of Conservation and Science, Urban Wildlife Institute, Lincoln Park Zoo, 2001 N Clark St, 60614 Chicago, IL USA
| | - Mason Fidino
- Dept. of Conservation and Science, Urban Wildlife Institute, Lincoln Park Zoo, 2001 N Clark St, 60614 Chicago, IL USA
| | - Seth B. Magle
- Dept. of Conservation and Science, Urban Wildlife Institute, Lincoln Park Zoo, 2001 N Clark St, 60614 Chicago, IL USA
| | - Danielle German
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA
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17
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Brias‐Guinart A, Korhonen‐Kurki K, Cabeza M. Typifying conservation practitioners' views on the role of education. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2022; 36:e13893. [PMID: 35083803 PMCID: PMC9543612 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Education is an established tool to enhance human-environment relationships, despite the lack of empirical evidence to support its use. We used theories of change to unpack assumptions about the role of education in conservation. We interviewed practitioners from 15 conservation organizations in Madagascar to typify implicit pathways of change and assess whether emerging pathways echo theoretical advances. Five pathways were drivers of change: increasing knowledge, changing emotional connection and changing traditional cultural practices, fostering leaders, diversifying outcomes, and influencing community and society. These pathways reflect existing sociopsychological theories on learning and behavioral change. Most interviewees' organizations had a predominant pathway that was often combined with elements from other pathways. Most pathways lacked culturally grounded approaches. Our research reveals assumptions about the role of education in conservation and indicates that organizations had different ideas of how change happens. The diversity of practices reflects the complexity of factors that influence behavior. Whether this diversity is driven by local sociocultural context, interaction with other conservation approaches, or contingencies remains unclear. Yet, typifying the pathways of change and reflecting on them is the first step towards comprehensive evaluation of when and which pathways and interactions to promote.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aina Brias‐Guinart
- Global Change and Conservation Lab, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Program, Faculty of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Helsinki Institute of Sustainability ScienceUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | | | - Mar Cabeza
- Global Change and Conservation Lab, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Program, Faculty of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Helsinki Institute of Sustainability ScienceUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
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18
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Cruz S, Batavia C, Arismendi I, Spalding A, Nelson MP. Diversity beyond demographics: Environmental worldviews of forestry and natural resource undergraduate students. Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sativa Cruz
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society Oregon State University Corvallis Oregon USA
| | - Chelsea Batavia
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society Oregon State University Corvallis Oregon USA
| | - Ivan Arismendi
- Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Sciences Oregon State University Corvallis Oregon USA
| | - Ana Spalding
- School of Public Policy Oregon State University Corvallis Oregon USA
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Panama
- Coiba Scientific Station (COIBA‐AIP) Panama
| | - Michael Paul Nelson
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society Oregon State University Corvallis Oregon USA
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19
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Schroeder SA, Landon AC, Fulton DC, McInenly LE. On the Multiple Identities of Stakeholders in Wolf Management in Minnesota, United States. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.798795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Social identity theory offers a means to understand attitudes about wolves, with consequences for management support. Using data from a mail survey about wolves, we explored relationships among seven identities (i.e., wolf advocate, hunter, environmentalist, nature enthusiast, farmer, trapper, conservationist) using multidimensional scaling (MDS) and principal components analysis (PCA). We examined how identities correlated with political ideology, trust in a wildlife management agency, wildlife value orientations (WVOs) and attitudes about wolves, and we evaluated whether WVOs mediated the relationship between identities and attitudes. PCA suggested two factors in identifying relationships among stakeholders, while MDS and correlations found diversity among stakeholders beyond these factors. Hunter identity was most strongly associated with a domination WVO and conservative political ideology. Farmer identity was most strongly associated with agency distrust and negative wolf attitudes. Wolf advocate was most strongly associated with a mutualism WVO (i.e., beliefs that humans are meant to coexist in harmonious relationships with wildlife), agency trust, and positive wolf attitudes. Conservationist identity was positively correlated with all other identities. WVOs partially mediated the relationship between identities and attitudes.
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20
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Sneddon J, Daniel E, Fischer R, Lee JA. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on environmental values. SUSTAINABILITY SCIENCE 2022; 17:2155-2163. [PMID: 35529591 PMCID: PMC9066989 DOI: 10.1007/s11625-022-01151-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Environmental values emphasize protection of the natural environment and promote behaviors that express this broad motivational goal. Thus, changes in these values at the community and individual levels are likely to have significant consequences for sustainability efforts. We examined the relative importance of environmental values in Australian adults at five time points over 4 years, including a period of stability (2017-2019) and a period of crisis (early and late in the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic). We found that the relative importance of environmental values increased from 2017 to 2019 and decreased during the pandemic. Importantly, the decrease in 2020 was lessened by individuals' connection with nature. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11625-022-01151-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Sneddon
- Centre for Human and Cultural Values, Business School, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009 Australia
| | - Ella Daniel
- Department of School Counselling and Special Education, Tel-Aviv University, 6997801 Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Ronald Fischer
- School of Psychology, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, 6012 New Zealand
- Institute D’Or for Research and Teaching, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 22281-100 Brazil
| | - Julie A. Lee
- Centre for Human and Cultural Values, Business School, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009 Australia
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21
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Ditmer MA, Niemiec RM, Wittemyer G, Crooks KR. Socio-ecological drivers of public conservation voting: Restoring gray wolves to Colorado, USA. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2022; 32:e2532. [PMID: 35044025 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Understanding factors that influence real-world public conservation behaviors is critical for developing successful conservation policies and management actions. Citizens of Colorado, USA recently passed a ballot initiative to restore the gray wolf to its former range within the state. The >3 million votes offer an unprecedented opportunity to test factors that influenced decisions to support or oppose this conservation action. We created spatial linear regression models to assess the relationship between support for wolf restoration and (1) the presidential vote, (2) distance to conservation intervention (i.e., proposed wolf reintroduction and existing wolves), and measures of (3) livelihood and (4) demographics using precinct-level data. Our results demonstrate the strong relationship between support for wolf restoration and political support for the Democratic candidate for president in the 2020 election, and highlight how other factors, including increased age, participation in elk hunting, and proximity to the reintroduction region were associated with less support. Our findings underscore the critical role of politicization on public conservation action and the need to develop outreach and engagement strategies to mitigate polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Ditmer
- Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
- USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Ogden, Utah, USA
| | - Rebecca M Niemiec
- Department of Human Dimensions of Natural Resources, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Fort Collins, USA
| | - George Wittemyer
- Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Kevin R Crooks
- Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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22
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Treves A, Louchouarn NX. Uncertainty and precaution in hunting wolves twice in a year. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0259604. [PMID: 35294446 PMCID: PMC8926205 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
When humanity confronts the risk of extinction of species, many people invoke precautions, especially in the face of uncertainty. Although precautionary approaches are value judgments, the optimal design and effect of precautions or lack thereof are scientific questions. We investigated Wisconsin gray wolves Canis lupus facing a second wolf-hunt in November 2021 and use three legal thresholds as the societal value judgments about precautions: (1) the 1999 population goal, 350 wolves, (2) the threshold for statutory listing under the state threatened and endangered species act, 250 wolves; and (3) state extirpation <2 wolves. This allows us to explore the quantitative relationship between precaution and uncertainty. Working from estimates of the size wolf population in April 2021 and reproduction to November, we constructed a simple linear model with uninformative priors for the period April 2021-April 2022 including an uncertain wolf-hunt in November 2021. Our first result is that the state government under-counted wolf deaths in the year preceding both wolf-hunts. We recommend better scientific analysis be used when setting wolf-hunt quotas. We find official recommendations for a quota for the November 2021 wolf-hunt risk undesirable outcomes. Even a quota of zero has a 13% chance of crossing threshold 1. Therefore, a zero death toll would be precautionary. Proponents for high quotas bear the burden of proof that their estimates are accurate, precise, and reproducible. We discuss why our approach is transferable to non-wolves. We show how scientists have the tools and concepts for quantifying and explaining the probabilities of crossing thresholds set by laws or other social norms. We recommend that scientists grapple with data gaps by explaining what the uncertainty means for policy and the public including the consequences of being wrong.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Treves
- Nelson Institute for Environmental Studies, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Naomi X. Louchouarn
- Nelson Institute for Environmental Studies, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
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23
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Teel TL, Bruyere B, Dayer A, Stoner KE, Bishop C, Bruskotter J, Freeman S, Newmark J, Jager C, Manfredo MJ. Reenvisioning the university education needs of wildlife conservation professionals in the United States. CONSERVATION SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/csp2.610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tara L. Teel
- Department of Human Dimensions of Natural Resources Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado USA
| | - Brett Bruyere
- Department of Human Dimensions of Natural Resources Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado USA
| | - Ashley Dayer
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg Virginia USA
| | - Kathryn E. Stoner
- Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado USA
| | - Chad Bishop
- Wildlife Biology Program, W. A. Franke College of Forestry and Conservation University of Montana Missoula Montana USA
| | - Jeremy Bruskotter
- School of Environment and Natural Resources The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio USA
| | - Stephanie Freeman
- Department of Recreation, Park and Tourism Management The Pennsylvania State University University Park Pennsylvania USA
| | | | - Corey Jager
- Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation Oklahoma City Oklahoma USA
| | - Michael J. Manfredo
- Department of Human Dimensions of Natural Resources Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado USA
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24
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Manfredo MJ, Teel TL. Introduction to special section on wildlife agency organizational change: Embracing the challenge of adaptive wildlife conservation in the United States. CONSERVATION SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/csp2.615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Manfredo
- Department of Human Dimensions of Natural Resources Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado USA
| | - Tara L. Teel
- Department of Human Dimensions of Natural Resources Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado USA
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25
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Sullivan LM, Manfredo MJ, Teel TL. Technocracy in a time of changing values: Wildlife conservation and the “relevancy” of governance reform. CONSERVATION SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/csp2.545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael J. Manfredo
- Department of Human Dimensions of Natural Resources Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado USA
| | - Tara L. Teel
- Department of Human Dimensions of Natural Resources Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado USA
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26
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Pauley SP, Beres A, Murray N, Sumners JA, Witthaus K, Hilgedick K. Transformation of a state fish and wildlife agency: Missouri Department of Conservation's effort to remain relevant in a changing world. CONSERVATION SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/csp2.613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Audrey Beres
- Missouri Department of Conservation Jefferson City Missouri USA
| | - Norman Murray
- Missouri Department of Conservation Jefferson City Missouri USA
| | | | - Kendra Witthaus
- Missouri Department of Conservation Jefferson City Missouri USA
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27
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Lehnen L, Arbieu U, Böhning‐Gaese K, Díaz S, Glikman JA, Mueller T. Rethinking individual relationships with entities of nature. PEOPLE AND NATURE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pan3.10296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Lehnen
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK‐F) Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Ugo Arbieu
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK‐F) Frankfurt am Main Germany
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute National Zoological Park Front Royal VA USA
- Université Paris‐Saclay CNRS AgroParisTech Ecologie Systématique Evolution Orsay France
| | - Katrin Böhning‐Gaese
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK‐F) Frankfurt am Main Germany
- Department of Biological Sciences Goethe University Frankfurt am Main Frankfurt am Main Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
| | - Sandra Díaz
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV) CONICET Córdoba Argentina
- Departamento de Diversidad Biológica y Ecología Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales Universidad Nacional de Córdoba Córdoba Argentina
| | - Jenny A. Glikman
- Instituto de Estudios Sociales Avanzados (IESA‐CSIC) Córdoba Spain
| | - Thomas Mueller
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK‐F) Frankfurt am Main Germany
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute National Zoological Park Front Royal VA USA
- Department of Biological Sciences Goethe University Frankfurt am Main Frankfurt am Main Germany
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28
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Berl REW, Manfredo MJ, Gasta M, Smith D, Sullivan L, Jacobson CA, Bishop C, Camuso J, Eason T, Hayes JP, Jacobson R, Melcher C, Newmark J, Novotny P, Pauley SP, Smith C, Sparks C, Stoner K, Strong J, Ver Steeg J. Building a systems framework to facilitate adaptive organizational change in state fish and wildlife agencies. CONSERVATION SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/csp2.591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Richard E. W. Berl
- Department of Human Dimensions of Natural Resources Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado USA
| | - Michael J. Manfredo
- Department of Human Dimensions of Natural Resources Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado USA
| | - Mark Gasta
- Leeds School of Business University of Colorado Boulder Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Dean Smith
- Association of Fish & Wildlife Agencies Washington District of Columbia USA
| | - Leeann Sullivan
- Department of Environmental Studies Colby College Waterville Maine USA
| | | | - Chad Bishop
- Wildlife Biology Program University of Montana Missoula Montana USA
- National Association of University Fisheries and Wildlife Programs Gainesville Florida USA
| | - Judy Camuso
- Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife Augusta Maine USA
| | - Thomas Eason
- Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission Tallahassee Florida USA
| | - John P. Hayes
- Warner College of Natural Resources Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado USA
| | - Rick Jacobson
- Connecticut Bureau of Natural Resources Hartford Connecticut USA
| | - Curt Melcher
- Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife Salem Oregon USA
| | | | | | | | - Carter Smith
- Texas Parks and Wildlife Department Austin Texas USA
| | - Catherine Sparks
- Rhode Island Department of Environmental Management Providence Rhode Island USA
| | - Kathryn Stoner
- Department of Fish, Wildlife and Conservation Biology Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado USA
| | - J.D. Strong
- Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation Oklahoma City Oklahoma USA
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29
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Musto C, Cerri J, Galaverni M, Caniglia R, Fabbri E, Apollonio M, Mucci N, Bonilauri P, Maioli G, Fontana MC, Gelmini L, Prosperi A, Rossi A, Garbarino C, Fiorentini L, Ciuti F, Berzi D, Merialdi G, Delogu M. Men and wolves: Anthropogenic causes are an important driver of wolf mortality in human-dominated landscapes in Italy. Glob Ecol Conserv 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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30
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Fischer B, Palmer C, Kasperbauer TJ. Hybrid theories, psychological plausibility, and the human/animal divide. PHILOSOPHICAL STUDIES 2021; 180:1105-1123. [PMID: 34690370 PMCID: PMC8522861 DOI: 10.1007/s11098-021-01743-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A hybrid theory is any moral theory according to which different classes of individuals ought to be treated according to different principles. We argue that some hybrid theories are able to meet standards of psychological plausibility, by which we mean that it's feasible for ordinary human beings to understand and act in accord with them. Insofar as psychological plausibility is a theoretical virtue, then, such hybrid theories deserve more serious consideration. To make the case for this view, we explain what psychological plausibility is and why we might value it, why the human/animal divide appears to be an entrenched feature of human psychology, and why Robert Nozick's hybrid theory doesn't go far enough. Finally, we make the case that a more promising psychologically plausible hybrid theory, with respect to humans and animals, will be (at least) at tribrid theory-that is, positing three domains rather than two.
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31
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Pomeranz EF, Hare D, Decker DJ, Forstchen AB, Jacobson CA, Smith CA, Schiavone MV. Successful Wildlife Conservation Requires Good Governance. FRONTIERS IN CONSERVATION SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fcosc.2021.753289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Public wildlife management in the United States is transforming as agencies seek relevancy to broader constituencies. State agencies in the United States, while tasked with conserving wildlife for all beneficiaries of the wildlife trust, have tended to manage for a limited range of benefits in part due to a narrow funding model heavily dependent on hunting, fishing, and trapping license buyers. To best meet the needs, interests, and concerns of a broader suite of beneficiaries, agencies will need to reconsider how priorities for management are set. This presents an opportunity for conservation program design and evaluation to be elevated in importance. We argue that success in wildlife conservation in the U.S. requires assessment of both decision-making processes and management results in relation to four questions: conservation of what, under what authority, for what purposes, and for whom?
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32
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33
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Bruskotter JT, Vucetich JA, Gilbert SL, Carter NH, George KA. Tragic trade‐offs accompany carnivore coexistence in the modern world. Conserv Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/conl.12841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy T. Bruskotter
- School of Environment and Natural Resources The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio USA
| | - John A. Vucetich
- School of Forest Resources and Environmental Sciences Michigan Technological University Houghton Michigan USA
| | - Sophie L. Gilbert
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Sciences University of Idaho Moscow Idaho USA
| | - Neil H. Carter
- School for Environment and Sustainability University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan USA
| | - Kelly A. George
- Department of Animal Sciences The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio USA
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34
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Larson LR, Peterson MN, Furstenberg RV, Vayer VR, Lee KJ, Choi DY, Stevenson K, Ahlers AA, Anhalt‐Depies C, Bethke T, Bruskotter J, Chizinski CJ, Clark B, Dayer AA, Dunning KH, Ghasemi B, Gigliotti L, Graefe A, Irwin K, Keith SJ, Kelly M, Kyle G, Metcalf E, Morse W, Needham MD, Poudyal NC, Quartuch M, Rodriguez S, Romulo C, Sharp RL, Siemer W, Springer MT, Stayton B, Stedman R, Stein T, Van Deelen TR, Whiting J, Winkler RL, Woosnam KM. The future of wildlife conservation funding: What options do U.S. college students support? CONSERVATION SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/csp2.505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lincoln R. Larson
- Department of Parks, Recreation & Tourism Management North Carolina State University Raleigh North Carolina USA
| | - Markus Nils Peterson
- Department of Forestry & Environmental Resources North Carolina State University Raleigh North Carolina USA
| | - Richard Von Furstenberg
- Department of Parks, Recreation & Tourism Management North Carolina State University Raleigh North Carolina USA
| | - Victoria R. Vayer
- Department of Parks, Recreation & Tourism Management North Carolina State University Raleigh North Carolina USA
| | - Kangjae Jerry Lee
- Department of Parks, Recreation & Tourism Management North Carolina State University Raleigh North Carolina USA
| | - Daniel Y. Choi
- Department of Forestry & Environmental Resources North Carolina State University Raleigh North Carolina USA
| | - Kathryn Stevenson
- Department of Parks, Recreation & Tourism Management North Carolina State University Raleigh North Carolina USA
| | - Adam A. Ahlers
- Department of Horticulture and Natural Resources Kansas State University Manhattan Kansas USA
| | | | - Taniya Bethke
- Council to Advance Hunting and the Shooting Sports Washington District of Columbia USA
| | - Jeremy Bruskotter
- School of Environment and Natural Resources The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio USA
| | | | - Brian Clark
- Kentucky Department of Fish & Wildlife Resources Frankfort Kentucky USA
| | - Ashley A. Dayer
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation Virginia Tech Blacksburg Virginia USA
| | | | - Benjamin Ghasemi
- Department of Rangeland, Wildlife & Fisheries Management Texas A&M University College Station Texas USA
| | - Larry Gigliotti
- Department of Natural Resource Management South Dakota State University Brookings South Dakota USA
| | - Alan Graefe
- Department of Recreation, Park & Tourism Management The Pennsylvania State University University Park Pennsylvania USA
| | - Kris Irwin
- Warnell School of Forestry & Natural Resources University of Georgia Athens Georgia USA
| | - Samuel J. Keith
- Warnell School of Forestry & Natural Resources University of Georgia Athens Georgia USA
| | - Matt Kelly
- College of Forest Resources and Environmental Science Michigan Tech University Houghton Michigan USA
| | - Gerard Kyle
- Department of Rangeland, Wildlife & Fisheries Management Texas A&M University College Station Texas USA
| | - Elizabeth Metcalf
- W. A. Franke College of Forestry & Conservation University of Montana Missoula Montana USA
| | - Wayde Morse
- School of Forestry & Wildlife Sciences Auburn University Auburn Alabama USA
| | - Mark D. Needham
- Department of Forest Ecosystems & Society Oregon State University Corvallis Oregon USA
| | - Neelam C. Poudyal
- Department of Forestry, Wildlife & Fisheries University of Tennessee Knoxville Tennessee USA
| | - Michael Quartuch
- Colorado Department of Natural Resources, Colorado Parks & Wildlife Denver Colorado USA
| | - Shari Rodriguez
- Forestry & Environmental Conservation Department Clemson University Clemson South Carolina USA
| | - Chelsie Romulo
- Department of Geography, GIS, & Sustainability University of Northern Colorado Greeley Colorado USA
| | - Ryan L. Sharp
- Department of Horticulture and Natural Resources Kansas State University Manhattan Kansas USA
| | - William Siemer
- Department of Natural Resources Cornell University Ithaca New York USA
| | - Matthew T. Springer
- Department of Forestry & Natural Resources University of Kentucky Lexington Kentucky USA
| | | | - Richard Stedman
- Department of Natural Resources Cornell University Ithaca New York USA
| | - Taylor Stein
- Department of Forest Resources and Conservation Gainesville Florida USA
| | - Timothy R. Van Deelen
- Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology University of Wisconsin Madison Wisconsin 53706 USA
| | - Jason Whiting
- Department of Recreation Administration California State University Fresno California USA
| | - Richelle L. Winkler
- Department of Social Sciences Michigan Technological University Houghton Michigan USA
| | - Kyle Maurice Woosnam
- Warnell School of Forestry & Natural Resources University of Georgia Athens Georgia USA
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Treves A, Santiago-Ávila FJ, Putrevu K. Quantifying the effects of delisting wolves after the first state began lethal management. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11666. [PMID: 34268009 PMCID: PMC8265384 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Predators and their protection are controversial worldwide. Gray wolves, Canis lupus, lost U.S. federal protection (delisting) and the State of Wisconsin began lethal management first among all states and tribes that regained authority over wolves. Here we evaluated the initial success of reaching the state's explicit objective, "…to allow for a sustainable harvest that neither increases nor decreases the state's wolf population…" We used official state figures for hunter-killed wolves, population estimates from April 2017-2020, and the latest peer-reviewed model of individual wolf survival to estimate additional deaths resulting from federal delisting. More than half of the additional deaths were predicted to be cryptic poaching under the assumption that this period resembled past periods of liberalized wolf-killing in Wisconsin. We used a precautionary approach to construct three conservative scenarios to predict the current status of this wolf population and a minimum estimate of population decline since April 2020. From our scenarios that vary in growth rates and additional mortality estimates, we expect a maximum of 695-751 wolves to be alive in Wisconsin by 15 April 2021, a minimum 27-33% decline in the preceding 12 months. This contradicts the state expectation of no change in the population size. We draw a conclusion about the adequacy of regulatory mechanisms under state control of wolves and discuss the particular governance conditions met in Wisconsin. We recommend greater rigor and independent review of the science used by agencies to plan wolf hunting quotas and methods. We recommend clearer division of duties between state wildlife agencies, legislatures, and courts. We recommend federal governments reconsider the practice of sudden deregulation of wolf management and instead recommend they consider protecting predators as non-game or transition more slowly to subnational authority, to avoid the need for emergency relisting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Treves
- Nelson Institute for Environmental Studies, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | | | - Karann Putrevu
- Nelson Institute for Environmental Studies, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
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Lemos LP, Loureiro LF, Morcatty TQ, Fa JE, de Vasconcelos Neto CFA, de Souza Jesus A, da Silva VC, de Oliveira Ramalho ML, de Matos Mendes A, Valsecchi J, El Bizri HR. Social Correlates of and Reasons for Primate Meat Consumption in Central Amazonia. INT J PRIMATOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10764-021-00214-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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