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Hernández Fernández CP, Borrego L, Giménez Arnau AM, Zaragoza Ninet V, Sanz Sánchez T, Miquel Miquel FJ, González Pérez R, Silvestre Salvador JF, Córdoba Guijarro S, Carrascosa Carrillo JM, Gatica Ortega ME, Ruiz González I, Mercader García P, Tous Romero F, Serra Baldrich E, Pastor-Nieto MA, Rodríguez Serna M, Sánchez Pérez J, Sánchez Gilo A, Melé Ninot G, Sánchez-Pedreño Guillén P, de Vega Martínez M, Descalzo MÁG, Doval IG. Sensitization to textile dyes in Spain: Epidemiological situation (2019-2022). Contact Dermatitis 2024; 90:486-494. [PMID: 38348533 DOI: 10.1111/cod.14513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current frequency and features for positivity to textile dye mix (TDM) in Spain are unknown. OBJECTIVES To study the frequency, clinical features and simultaneous positivity between TDM, para-phenylenediamine (PPD) and specific disperse dyes. MATERIALS AND METHODS We analysed all consecutive patients patch-tested with TDM from the Spanish Contact Dermatitis Registry (REIDAC), from 1 January 2019 to 31 December 2022. Within this group, we studied all selected patients patch-tested with a textile dye series. RESULTS Out of 6128 patients analysed, 3.3% were positive to the TDM and in 34% of them, the sensitization was considered currently relevant. TDM positivity was associated with working as a hairdresser/beautician and scalp, neck/trunk and arm/forearm dermatitis. From TDM-positive patients, 57% were positive to PPD. One hundred and sixty-four patients were patch-tested with the textile dye series. Disperse Orange 3 was the most frequent positive dye (16%). One of every six cases positive to any dye from the textile dye series would have been missed if patch-tested with the TDM alone. CONCLUSIONS Positivity to TDM is common in Spain and often associated with PPD sensitization. TDM is a valuable marker of disperse dyes allergy that should be part of the Spanish and European standard series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Pelayo Hernández Fernández
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Doctor Negrín, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Leopoldo Borrego
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Universitario Insular de Gran Canaria, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Ana María Giménez Arnau
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital del Mar, Instituto Municipal de Investigación Médica, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Ricardo González Pérez
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Universitario Araba, Universidad del País Vasco, Vitoria, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Pedro Mercader García
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital General Universitario José María Morales Meseguer, Murcia, Spain
| | - Fátima Tous Romero
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Araceli Sánchez Gilo
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Universitario Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Spain
| | - Gemma Melé Ninot
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Universitario Sagrat Cor, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Marina de Vega Martínez
- Research Unit, Fundación Piel Sana, Academia Española de Dermatología y Venereología, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ignacio García Doval
- Research Unit, Fundación Piel Sana, Academia Española de Dermatología y Venereología, Madrid, Spain
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Trimeche K, Lahouel I, Belhadjali H, Salah NB, Youssef M, Zili J. Contact allergy in atopic dermatitis: A prospective study on prevalence, incriminated allergens and clinical insights. Contact Dermatitis 2024; 90:514-519. [PMID: 38151921 DOI: 10.1111/cod.14494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between atopic dermatitis (AD) and allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is a matter of debate. OBJECTIVES The purpose of our study is to assess the frequency of ACD in patients with AD, the incriminated allergens and the potential risk factors. METHODS This is a prospective study, including cases of AD diagnosed based on Hanifin and Rajka's criteria. All patients were patch tested to the European baseline series and corticosteroid series. RESULTS Ninety-three patients were included. Fifty-six patients (60.2%) had positive patch test results of which 71.4% were relevant. The most frequent allergens were: textile dye mix (24.7%), nickel (20.4%), cobalt (12.9%), isothiazolinone (8.6%), quanterium 15 (4.3%) and balsam of Peru (4.3%). Chromium, fragrance mix I, fragrance mix II and PTBP were positive in three cases (3.2%). Two cases of allergy to corticoids were identified. Facial involvement and duration of AD were significantly associated with contact sensitization (p = 0.04 and p = 0.005, respectively). Avoidance of relevant allergens resulted in a statistically significant decrease in SCORAD (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS ACD remains an important co-morbidity of AD. We observed a high frequency of ACD to textile dyes, isothiazolinones and fragrances. Avoidance of relevant allergens has resulted in an improvement of patients' skin symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaoula Trimeche
- Dermatology Department, Fattouma Bourguiba Hospital, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Ines Lahouel
- Dermatology Department, Fattouma Bourguiba Hospital, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Hichem Belhadjali
- Dermatology Department, Fattouma Bourguiba Hospital, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Nesrine Ben Salah
- Dermatology Department, Fattouma Bourguiba Hospital, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Monia Youssef
- Dermatology Department, Fattouma Bourguiba Hospital, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Jameleddine Zili
- Dermatology Department, Fattouma Bourguiba Hospital, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
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Santiago D, Cunha J, Cabral I. Chromatic and medicinal properties of six natural textile dyes: A review of eucalyptus, weld, madder, annatto, indigo and woad. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22013. [PMID: 38034740 PMCID: PMC10685195 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The environmental and health-related impacts of synthetic dyes have led to growing interest in natural dyes as sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. However, natural dyes have been used to dye textiles with limited color shade and poor fastness properties, and little research has been conducted in this field. Additionally, natural dyes also have the potential to provide added functionalities to textiles, such as antibacterial and anti-UV properties. A systematic literature review of 38 studies was conducted to analyze the use of six natural dyes derived from eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus Labill.), weld (Reseda luteola L.), madder (Rubia tinctorum L.), annatto (Bixa Orellana L.), true indigo (Indigofera tinctoria L.) and woad (Isatis tinctoria L.). These dyes were selected after a preliminary analysis of studies on plant-based natural dyes with primary colors, considering their chromatic and potential medicinal properties. This study explores the influence of different dyeing parameters and auxiliary products in these properties. The research discussed how the chromatic and medicinal properties of natural dyes can be affected by various factors and provides a summary table with the chromatic palette possibilities according to the different materials and processes relationships. Exploring the combination of natural dyes with environmentally friendly auxiliary products can be a promising development area for creating a wide range of color shades. Further research is also needed to optimize the dyeing processes with natural dyes, towards more sustainable textile dyeing possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Santiago
- Centre for Textile Science and Technology (2C2T), Department of Textile Engineering, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Joana Cunha
- Centre for Textile Science and Technology (2C2T), Department of Textile Engineering, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Isabel Cabral
- Centre for Textile Science and Technology (2C2T), Department of Textile Engineering, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
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Herrero M, Rovira J, Nadal M, Domingo JL. Risk assessment due to dermal exposure of trace elements and indigo dye in jeans: Migration to artificial sweat. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 172:310-318. [PMID: 30825680 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The concentration of a number of trace elements (Ag, Al, As, B, Ba, Be, Bi, Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Sc, Se, Sm, Sr, Sn, Tl, Ti, V and Zn) were determined in 42 commercialized denim garments (jeans and shirts), being dermal exposure subsequently assessed. Migration experiments with artificial acid and basic sweat were also conducted to determine the release of these elements, as well as indigo dye. In a similar way than for the total content, Mg (124 and 99.4 µg/g) and Mn (27.1 and 7.20 µg/g) showed the highest concentrations in both artificial sweat, acid and basic, respectively. Indigo dye migrated at levels ranged from 3.22 to 7.76 mg/g, being higher in dark than in light blue fabrics. The levels of trace elements and indigo were analysed according to materials of fabric, colour, brand, and eco-labelling. Using total content and migrations rates, dermal exposure to trace elements for adult men, women and teenagers were calculated under the two sweat extractions. Non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks due to dermal exposure to the elements here analysed in cloths were assessed. Both risks were in the limits of safe to according to international regulations. However, the maximum exposure to Sb reached a hazard quotient (HQ) of 0.3 in clothes partially made of polyester. Despite some authors have established that indigo is an agonist of the aril receptor, health risks due to exposure to indigo dye were not calculated due the lack of toxicological data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Herrero
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Joaquim Rovira
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Catalonia, Spain; Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d'Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, AAv. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Martí Nadal
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - José L Domingo
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Catalonia, Spain
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Alternatives for Allergens in the 2018 American Contact Dermatitis Society Core Series: Report by the American Contact Alternatives Group. Dermatitis 2019; 30:87-105. [DOI: 10.1097/der.0000000000000453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Uter W, Werfel T, White IR, Johansen JD. Contact Allergy: A Review of Current Problems from a Clinical Perspective. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15061108. [PMID: 29844295 PMCID: PMC6025382 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15061108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 05/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Contact allergy is common, affecting 27% of the general population in Europe. Original publications, including case reports, published since 2016 (inclusive) were identified with the aim of collating a full review of current problems in the field. To this end, a literature search employing methods of systematic reviewing was performed in the Medline® and Web of Science™ databases on 28 January 2018, using the search terms (“contact sensitization” or “contact allergy”). Of 446 non-duplicate publications identified by above search, 147 were excluded based on scrutiny of title, abstract and key words. Of the remaining 299 examined in full text, 291 were deemed appropriate for inclusion, and main findings were summarised in topic sections. In conclusion, diverse sources of exposures to chemicals of widely-differing types and structures, continue to induce sensitisation in man and may result in allergic contact dermatitis. Many of the chemicals are “evergreen” but others are “newcomers”. Vigilance and proper investigation (patch testing) are required to detect and inform of the presence of these haptens to which our populations remain exposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Uter
- Department of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University of Erlangen/Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Thomas Werfel
- Division of Immunodermatology and Allergy Research, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Ian R White
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK.
| | - Jeanne D Johansen
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, National Allergy Research Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev and Gentofte, 2900 Hellerup, Denmark.
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Simonsen A, Johansen J, Deleuran M, Mortz C, Skov L, Sommerlund M. Children with atopic dermatitis may have unacknowledged contact allergies contributing to their skin symptoms. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2018; 32:428-436. [DOI: 10.1111/jdv.14737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A.B. Simonsen
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology; Aarhus University Hospital; Aarhus Denmark
- National Allergy Research Centre; Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital; University of Copenhagen; Hellerup Denmark
| | - J.D. Johansen
- National Allergy Research Centre; Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital; University of Copenhagen; Hellerup Denmark
| | - M. Deleuran
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology; Aarhus University Hospital; Aarhus Denmark
| | - C.G. Mortz
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Centre; Odense University Hospital; Odense Denmark
| | - L. Skov
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy; Herlev and Gentofte Hospital; University of Copenhagen; Hellerup Denmark
| | - M. Sommerlund
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology; Aarhus University Hospital; Aarhus Denmark
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Diagnosing Allergic Contact Dermatitis Through Elimination, Perception, Detection and Deduction. Am J Clin Dermatol 2017; 18:651-661. [PMID: 28508257 DOI: 10.1007/s40257-017-0287-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Several authors have commented upon the skills of detection required in making a diagnosis of allergic contact dermatitis. Here, we emphasise the search for clues in a systematic manner. We describe four stages as part of a systematic method for diagnosing allergic contact dermatitis. Firstly, elimination (or inclusion) of non-allergic diagnoses. Secondly, perception: the pre-patch test diagnosis and the 'three scenarios' principle. Thirdly, detection: optimising the sensitivity of the patch test process. Fourthly, deduction: diagnosing allergic contact dermatitis by associating the dermatitis with the allergen exposure. We further compare and contrast the pre-patch test history and examination with the markedly different one ('microhistory' and 'microexamination') used after patch testing. The importance of knowledge of contact dermatitis literature is emphasised with a review of recent publications. Finally, we also highlight the use of contact allergy profiling as an investigative tool in the diagnosis of allergic contact dermatitis.
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