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Hernández Fernández CP, Borrego L, Giménez Arnau AM, Zaragoza Ninet V, Sanz Sánchez T, Miquel Miquel FJ, González Pérez R, Silvestre Salvador JF, Córdoba Guijarro S, Carrascosa Carrillo JM, Gatica Ortega ME, Ruiz González I, Mercader García P, Tous Romero F, Serra Baldrich E, Pastor-Nieto MA, Rodríguez Serna M, Sánchez Pérez J, Sánchez Gilo A, Melé Ninot G, Sánchez-Pedreño Guillén P, de Vega Martínez M, Descalzo MÁG, Doval IG. Sensitization to textile dyes in Spain: Epidemiological situation (2019-2022). Contact Dermatitis 2024; 90:486-494. [PMID: 38348533 DOI: 10.1111/cod.14513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current frequency and features for positivity to textile dye mix (TDM) in Spain are unknown. OBJECTIVES To study the frequency, clinical features and simultaneous positivity between TDM, para-phenylenediamine (PPD) and specific disperse dyes. MATERIALS AND METHODS We analysed all consecutive patients patch-tested with TDM from the Spanish Contact Dermatitis Registry (REIDAC), from 1 January 2019 to 31 December 2022. Within this group, we studied all selected patients patch-tested with a textile dye series. RESULTS Out of 6128 patients analysed, 3.3% were positive to the TDM and in 34% of them, the sensitization was considered currently relevant. TDM positivity was associated with working as a hairdresser/beautician and scalp, neck/trunk and arm/forearm dermatitis. From TDM-positive patients, 57% were positive to PPD. One hundred and sixty-four patients were patch-tested with the textile dye series. Disperse Orange 3 was the most frequent positive dye (16%). One of every six cases positive to any dye from the textile dye series would have been missed if patch-tested with the TDM alone. CONCLUSIONS Positivity to TDM is common in Spain and often associated with PPD sensitization. TDM is a valuable marker of disperse dyes allergy that should be part of the Spanish and European standard series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Pelayo Hernández Fernández
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Doctor Negrín, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Leopoldo Borrego
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Universitario Insular de Gran Canaria, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Ana María Giménez Arnau
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital del Mar, Instituto Municipal de Investigación Médica, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Ricardo González Pérez
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Universitario Araba, Universidad del País Vasco, Vitoria, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Pedro Mercader García
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital General Universitario José María Morales Meseguer, Murcia, Spain
| | - Fátima Tous Romero
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Araceli Sánchez Gilo
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Universitario Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Spain
| | - Gemma Melé Ninot
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Universitario Sagrat Cor, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Marina de Vega Martínez
- Research Unit, Fundación Piel Sana, Academia Española de Dermatología y Venereología, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ignacio García Doval
- Research Unit, Fundación Piel Sana, Academia Española de Dermatología y Venereología, Madrid, Spain
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Miñarro ÁMG, Guerrero NN, Robaina AF, Silvestre Salvador JF. Benzocaine-induced systemic contact dermatitis: A case report. Contact Dermatitis 2023; 89:501-502. [PMID: 37611910 DOI: 10.1111/cod.14404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ana Felipe Robaina
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Dr. Negrín, Las Palmas, Spain
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Taboada Paz L, Sánchez García V, García Miñarro ÁM, Ramos Rincón JM, Gil Pallares P, Vicente Basanta E, Silvestre Salvador JF. Chronic actinic dermatitis and fragrance sensitization: Case report with good response to dupilumab. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 2023; 39:670-672. [PMID: 37485724 DOI: 10.1111/phpp.12902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
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Sirvent LG, González Ruiz AA, Gil Pallares P, Navarro Bielsa A, Espiñeira Sicre J, Silvestre Salvador JF. Pityriasis Versicolor in Dupilumab-Treated Atopic Dermatitis Patients: A Possible Underestimated Side Effect. Dermatitis 2023. [PMID: 37432793 DOI: 10.1089/derm.2023.0098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
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Ofenloch RF, Andersen KE, Foti C, Giménez-Arnau AM, Mowitz M, Salvador JFS, Svedman C, Bruze M. Allergic reactivity for different dilutions of eugenol in repeated open application test and patch testing. Contact Dermatitis 2023. [PMID: 37218587 DOI: 10.1111/cod.14333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eugenol is a known contact sensitiser included in fragrance mix I. OBJECTIVE To assess the allergic reactivity to eugenol in different concentrations using patch test as well as repeated open application test (ROAT). METHODS Overall 67 subjects from 6 European dermatology clinics participated in the study. The ROAT was performed for 21 days twice a day, applying 3 dilutions of eugenol (2.7%-0.5%) and a control. Before and after the ROAT, patch testing with 17 dilutions of eugenol (2.0%-0.00006%) and controls was performed. RESULTS Out of the 34 subjects with contact allergy to eugenol, 21 (61.8%) showed a positive patch test before ROAT was performed, the lowest positive concentration was 0.031%. The ROAT was positive in 19 (55.9%) of the 34 subjects, the time until a positive reaction occurred was negatively associated with the concentration of the ROAT solution, as well as with the allergic reactivity of the subjects as defined by patch testing. In the patch test after ROAT, 20 of the 34 test subjects (58.8%) showed a positive reaction. In 13 (38.2%) of the 34 test subjects, the patch test result was not reproduceable, still 4 (31.0%) of these 13 subjects developed a positive ROAT. CONCLUSION Eugenol can provoke a positive patch test reaction in a very low dose; besides, this hypersensitivity may persist even if a former positive patch test is not reproduceable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert F Ofenloch
- Occupational Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Klaus Ejner Andersen
- Department of Dermatology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Dermatology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Caterina Foti
- Department of Dermatology, Universitaria di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Martin Mowitz
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | | | - Cecilia Svedman
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Magnus Bruze
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
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Hernández Fernández CP, Borrego L, Mercader García P, Giménez Arnau AM, Sánchez Pérez J, Silvestre Salvador JF, González Pérez R, Sanz Sánchez T, Sánchez Gilo A, Melé Ninot G, Zaragoza Ninet V, Miquel Miquel FJ, Carrascosa Carrillo JM, Córdoba Guijarro S, Gatica Ortega ME, Ruiz González I, Serra Baldrich E, Tous Romero F, Rodríguez Serna M, Pastor Nieto MA, Pérez Feal P, Hervella Garcés M, de Vega Martínez M, García Doval I. Sensitization to isothiazolinones in the Spanish Contact Dermatitis Registry (REIDAC): 2019-2021 epidemiological situation. Contact Dermatitis 2023; 88:212-219. [PMID: 36403138 DOI: 10.1111/cod.14251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current frequency and risk factors for sensitization to methylisothiazolinone (MI), methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone (MCI/MI), benzisothiazolinone (BIT) and octylisothiazolinone (OIT) in Spain are not well known. OBJECTIVES To study the frequency of sensitization, risk factors and simultaneous sensitization between the four isothiazolinones. MATERIALS AND METHODS We analysed all 2019-2021 consecutive patients patch-tested with MI (0.2% aq.), MCI/MI (0.02% aq.), BIT (0.1% pet.) and OIT (0.1% pet) within the Spanish Contact Dermatitis Registry (REIDAC). RESULTS A total of 2511 patients were analysed. Frequencies of sensitization were: any isothiazolinone 15.7%, MI 6.8%, MCI/MI 4.8%, BIT 3.5% and OIT 0.5%. MI and MCI/MI sensitization was associated with being occupationally active, hand dermatitis, detergents and age over 40. BIT sensitization was associated with leg dermatitis and age over 40. About one in nine MI-positive patients were positive to BIT, whereas one in five BIT-positive patients were positive to MI. CONCLUSIONS Sensitization to MI, MCI/MI and BIT is still common in Spain, while sensitization to OIT is rare. Currently, sensitization to MI and MCI/MI seems to be occupationally related. Although its origin is unknown, sensitization to BIT is more frequent in patients aged over 40 years. Simultaneous sensitization between MI and BIT is uncommon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Pelayo Hernández Fernández
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Doctor Negrín, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Leopoldo Borrego
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Universitario Insular de Gran Canaria, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Pedro Mercader García
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital General Universitario José María Morales Meseguer, Murcia, Spain
| | - Ana María Giménez Arnau
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital del Mar, Instituto Municipal de Investigación Médica, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Ricardo González Pérez
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Universitario Araba, Universidad del País Vasco, Vitoria, Spain
| | | | - Araceli Sánchez Gilo
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Universitario Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Spain
| | - Gemma Melé Ninot
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Universitario Sagrat Cor, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Fátima Tous Romero
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Patricia Pérez Feal
- Department of Dermatology, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Miñarro ÁMG, Juan-Carpena G, Paz LT, Belinchón I, Niveiro M, Salvador JFS. Multiple cutaneous T-cell pseudolymphomas induced by acrylates on patch testing: A case report. Contact Dermatitis 2023; 88:166-168. [PMID: 36382696 DOI: 10.1111/cod.14247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gloria Juan-Carpena
- Dermatology Department, Hospital General Universitario Morales Meseguer, Murcia, Spain
| | - Laura Taboada Paz
- Dermatology Department, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Ferrol, La Coruña, Spain
| | - Isabel Belinchón
- Dermatology Department, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante Dr. Balmis, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
| | - María Niveiro
- Pathology Department, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante Dr. Balmis, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
| | - Juan Francisco Silvestre Salvador
- Dermatology Department, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante Dr. Balmis, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
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Silvestre Salvador JF, Giménez-Arnau AM, Gómez de la Fuente E, González Del Castillo J, Martínez Virto AM, Miguens Blanco I, Serra-Baldrich E, Llorens P. Authors' reply. Emergencias 2021; 33:325-326. [PMID: 34251150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Pere Llorens
- Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Alicante, España
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Silvestre Salvador JF, Giménez-Arnau AM, Gómez de la Fuente E, González Del Castillo J, Martínez Virto AM, Miguens Blanco I, Serra-Baldrich E, Llorens P. Managing urticaria in the emergency department: recommendations of a multidisciplinary expert panel. Emergencias 2021; 33:299-308. [PMID: 34251143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Urticaria and angioedema account for many visits to emergency departments. It is important to diagnose and treat them properly at this level of care and to suggest treatments and guidance that can make additional visits unnecessary. A panel of experts in dermatology and emergency medicine reviewed the main guidelines and publications on urticaria and angioedema. The panel then developed and reached consensus on practical approaches and tools for managing urticaria, angioedema, and anaphylaxis in the emergency department. The resulting statement is a guide to management, with algorithms for differential diagnosis and treatment and recommendations for patient referral. Implementing these guidelines, which are supported by the Spanish Academy of Dermatology and Venereology (AEDV) and the Spanish Society of Emergency Medicine (SEMES) will facilitate optimal management of emergency department patients with urticaria and angioedema as well as improve interdepartmental relations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Pere Llorens
- Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Alicante, España
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Hernández-Fernández CP, Mercader-García P, Silvestre Salvador JF, Sánchez Pérez J, Fernández Redondo V, Miquel Miquel FJ, Ortiz de Frutos FJ, Gatica Ortega ME, Mora Fernández V, Giménez Arnau AM, Zaragoza Ninet V, González Pérez R, Sanz Sánchez T, Pastor Nieto MA, Serra Baldrich E, Córdoba Guijarro S, Heras Mendaza F, Ruiz González I, Rodríguez Serna M, Hervella Garcés M, Gallego Descalzo MÁ, García Doval I, Borrego Hernando L. Candidate Allergens for Inclusion in the Spanish Standard Series Based on Data from the Spanish Contact Dermatitis Registry. Actas Dermosifiliogr (Engl Ed) 2021; 112:S0001-7310(21)00192-7. [PMID: 34029518 DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2021.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Standard patch test series must be updated using objective data on allergen sensitization. The Spanish standard series was last updated in 2016 and the European series in 2019, and the inclusion of several emerging allergens needs to be evaluated. MATERIAL AND METHODS We conducted a prospective, observational, multicenter study of consecutive patients from the registry of the Spanish Contact Dermatitis and Skin Allergy Research Group (GEIDAC) who were patch tested in 2019 and 2020 with linalool hydroperoxide, limonene hydroperoxide, 2-hydroxyethyl-methacrylate, benzisothiazolinone, octylisothiazolinone, textile dye mix (TDM), sodium metabisulfite, propolis, bronopol, Compositae mix II, diazolidinyl urea, imidazolidinyl urea, decyl glucoside, and lauryl glucoside. RESULTS We analyzed data for 4654 patients tested with diazolidinyl urea, imidazolidinyl urea, and bronopol, and 1890 tested with the other allergens. The values for the MOAHLFA index components were 30% for male, 18% for occupational dermatitis, 15% for atopic dermatitis, 29% for hand, 6.5% for leg, 23% for face, and 68% for age > 40 years. Sensitization rates above 1% were observed for 7 allergens: linalool hydroperoxide, 2-hydroxyethyl-methacrylate, benzisothiazolinone, limonene hydroperoxide, TDM, sodium metabisulfite, and propolis. Three allergens had a current relevance rate of over 1%: linalool hydroperoxide, 2-hydroxyethyl-methacrylat, and limonene hydroperoxide. Benzisothiazolinone and TDM had a relevance rate of between 0.9% and 1%. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that 7 new allergens should be considered when extending the Spanish standard patch test series. The data from our series could be helpful for guiding the next extension of the European baseline series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Pelayo Hernández-Fernández
- Servicio de Dermatología. Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Doctor Negrín. Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, España
| | - Pedro Mercader-García
- Servicio de Dermatología. Hospital General Universitario Jose Mª Morales Meseguer, Murcia, España
| | | | | | - Virginia Fernández Redondo
- Servicio de Dermatología. Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago. Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, España
| | | | | | | | | | - Ana María Giménez Arnau
- Servicio de Dermatología. Hospital del Mar. Instituto Municipal de Asistencia Sanitaria, Barcelona, España
| | | | - Ricardo González Pérez
- Servicio de Dermatología. Hospital Universitario Araba. Universidad del País Vasco, Vitoria, España
| | | | | | | | | | - Felipe Heras Mendaza
- Servicio de Dermatología. Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, España
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Leopoldo Borrego Hernando
- Servicio de Dermatología. Hospital Universitario Insular de Gran Canaria. Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, España.
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Sanz-Sánchez T, Heras Mendaza F, González Pérez R, Córdoba Guijarro S, Gatica-Ortega ME, Fernández Redondo V, Borrego L, Mercader García P, Silvestre Salvador JF, Descalzo MA, Giménez-Arnau AM. Comparative study of formaldehyde 2% in aqueous solution vs TRUE Test in detecting formaldehyde sensitization. Contact Dermatitis 2021; 85:358-359. [PMID: 33783843 DOI: 10.1111/cod.13848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Sanz-Sánchez
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Leopoldo Borrego
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Universitario Insular, Universidad de las Palmas de Gran Canaria, La Palmas, Spain
| | | | | | - Miguel Angel Descalzo
- Research Unit, Fundación Piel Sana de la Academia Española de Dermatología y Venereología (AEDV), Madrid, Spain
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De León Marrero FJ, Berbegal de Gracia L, Marín Porriño JM, Silvestre Salvador JF. [Protocol for managing urticaria in the emergency department]. Emergencias 2015; 27:351-352. [PMID: 29087071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
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Flavia Monteagudo Paz A, Francisco Silvestre Salvador J, Latorre Martínez N, Cuesta Montero L, Toledo Alberola F. Allergic contact dermatitis caused by azithromycin in an eye drop. Contact Dermatitis 2011; 64:300-1. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0536.2010.01869.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Martínez MB, Pascual Ramírez JC, Betlloch Mas I, Silvestre Salvador JF, Tendero PA. Scaling lesions on the axillary skin of a 52-year-old man. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 140:1161-6. [PMID: 15381563 DOI: 10.1001/archderm.140.9.1161-e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Blanes Martínez M, Silvestre Salvador JF, Vergara Aguilera G, Betlloch Mas I, Pascual Ramírez JC. Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis induced by ranitidine hydrochloride. Contact Dermatitis 2003; 49:47. [PMID: 14641127 DOI: 10.1111/j.0105-1873.2003.0120g.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mar Blanes Martínez
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital General Universitario of Alicante, Alicante, Spain.
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