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Xu D, Peng J, Dong J, Jiang H, Liu M, Luo Y, Xu Z. Expanding China's protected areas network to enhance resilience of climate connectivity. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2024; 69:2273-2280. [PMID: 38724302 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2024.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
Expanding the network of connected and resilient protected areas (PAs) for climate change adaptation can help species track suitable climate conditions and safeguard biodiversity. This is often overlooked when expanding PAs and quantifying their benefits, resulting in an underestimate of the benefits of expanding PAs. We expanded PAs through terrestrial mammalian species distribution hotspots, Key Biodiversity Areas (KBAs), and wilderness areas. Then, we constructed climate connectivity networks using a resistance-based approach and further quantified the network resilience to propose resilient climate response strategies in China. The results showed that existing PAs suffered from location biases with important biodiversity areas. The existing PAs represented about half of the KBAs and wilderness areas, yet only 12.08% of terrestrial mammalian species distribution hotspots were located within existing PAs. Compared with the existing PA network, the network efficiency and resilience of the expanded PAs' climate connectivity increased to 1.80 times and 1.78 times, respectively. With 56% of the nodes remaining, the network efficiency of the expanded PAs was equivalent to that of the existing PAs with all nodes. The network resilience of preferentially protecting and restoring low human footprint patches was approximately 1.5-2 times that of the random scenario. These findings highlighted that confronted with the unoptimistic situation of global warming, nature conservation based on existing PAs was no longer optimal. It was critical to construct a connected and resilient conservation network relying on both important biodiversity areas and low human footprint patches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Xu
- Technology Innovation Center for Integrated Ecosystem Restoration and Sustainable Utilization, Ministry of Natural Resources, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jian Peng
- Technology Innovation Center for Integrated Ecosystem Restoration and Sustainable Utilization, Ministry of Natural Resources, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Jianquan Dong
- School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Technology Innovation Center for Integrated Ecosystem Restoration and Sustainable Utilization, Ministry of Natural Resources, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Menglin Liu
- Key Laboratory for Environmental and Urban Sciences, School of Urban Planning and Design, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yuhang Luo
- Key Laboratory for Environmental and Urban Sciences, School of Urban Planning and Design, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zihan Xu
- School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
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2
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Albers HJ, Chang CH, Dissanayake STM, Helmstedt KJ, Kroetz K, Dilkina B, Zapata-Mor An I, Nolte C, Ochoa-Ochoa LM, Spencer G. Anticipating anthropogenic threats in acquiring new protected areas. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2024; 38:e14176. [PMID: 37668112 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.14176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Biodiversity continues to decline despite protected area expansion and global conservation commitments. Biodiversity losses occur in existing protected areas, yet common methods used to select protected areas ignore postimplementation threats that reduce effectiveness. We developed a conservation planning framework that considers the ongoing anthropogenic threats within protected areas when selecting sites and the value of planning for costly threat-mitigating activities (i.e., enforcement) at the time of siting decisions. We applied the framework to a set of landscapes that contained the range of possible correlations between species richness and threat. Accounting for threats and implementing enforcement activities increased benefits from protected areas without increasing budgets. Threat information was valuable in conserving more species per spending level even without enforcement, especially on landscapes with randomly distributed threats. Benefits from including threat information and enforcement were greatest when human threats peaked in areas of high species richness and were lowest where human threats were negatively associated with species richness. Because acquiring information on threats and using threat-mitigating activities are costly, our findings can guide decision-makers regarding the settings in which to pursue these planning steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi J Albers
- Department of Economics, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA
| | - Charlotte H Chang
- Department of Biology and Environmental Analysis Program, Pomona College, Claremont, California, USA
- David H. Smith Conservation Research Fellowship Program, Society for Conservation Biology, Washington, DC, USA
- National Institute for Mathematical and Biological Synthesis, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - Kate J Helmstedt
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kailin Kroetz
- School of Sustainability, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
- Resources for the Future, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Bistra Dilkina
- Department of Computer Science, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Christoph Nolte
- Department of Earth & Environment, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Leticia M Ochoa-Ochoa
- Departamento de Biolog´ıa Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
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3
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Iacarella JC, Burke L, Clyde G, Wicks A, Clavelle T, Dunham A, Rubidge E, Woods P. Application of AIS‐ and flyover‐based methods to monitor illegal and legal fishing in Canada's Pacific marine conservation areas. CONSERVATION SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2023. [DOI: 10.1111/csp2.12926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Josephine C. Iacarella
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Cultus Lake Labs Cultus Lake British Columbia V2R 5B6 Canada
| | - Lily Burke
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Institute of Ocean Sciences Sidney British Columbia V8L 5T5 Canada
| | - Georgia Clyde
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Institute of Ocean Sciences Sidney British Columbia V8L 5T5 Canada
| | - Adam Wicks
- Ebb and Flow Analytics 199 Petworth Dr Victoria British Columbia V9E 1J4 Canada
| | - Tyler Clavelle
- Global Fishing Watch 1025 Connecticut Ave., NW Suite 200 Washington District of Columbia 20036 USA
| | - Anya Dunham
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Pacific Biological Station Nanaimo British Columbia V9T 6N7 Canada
| | - Emily Rubidge
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Institute of Ocean Sciences Sidney British Columbia V8L 5T5 Canada
| | - Paul Woods
- Global Fishing Watch 1025 Connecticut Ave., NW Suite 200 Washington District of Columbia 20036 USA
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4
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Le Bouille D, Fargione J, Armsworth PR. Spatiotemporal variation in costs of managing protected areas. CONSERVATION SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/csp2.12697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Diane Le Bouille
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Tennessee Knoxville Tennessee USA
| | - Joseph Fargione
- The Nature Conservancy North America Region Minneapolis Minnesota USA
| | - Paul R. Armsworth
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Tennessee Knoxville Tennessee USA
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5
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Kuempel CD, Chauvenet ALM, Symes WS, Possingham HP. Predicted protected area downsizing impedes conservation progress across terrestrial ecoregions in the tropics and subtropics. CONSERVATION SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/csp2.529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin D. Kuempel
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies University of Queensland St. Lucia Queensland Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland St. Lucia Queensland Australia
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland St. Lucia Queensland Australia
- Centre for Planetary Health and Food Security, Griffith University Gold Coast Queensland Australia
| | - Alienor L. M. Chauvenet
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland St. Lucia Queensland Australia
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland St. Lucia Queensland Australia
- Centre for Planetary Health and Food Security, Griffith University Gold Coast Queensland Australia
| | - William S. Symes
- Department of Biological Sciences National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
| | - Hugh P. Possingham
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland St. Lucia Queensland Australia
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland St. Lucia Queensland Australia
- The Nature Conservancy South Brisbane Queensland Australia
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6
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Purwanto, Andradi‐Brown DA, Matualage D, Rumengan I, Awaludinnoer, Pada D, Hidayat NI, Amkieltiela, Fox HE, Fox M, Mangubhai S, Hamid L, Lazuardi ME, Mambrasar R, Maulana N, Mulyadi, Tuharea S, Pakiding F, Ahmadia GN. The Bird's Head Seascape Marine Protected Area network—Preventing biodiversity and ecosystem service loss amidst rapid change in Papua, Indonesia. CONSERVATION SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/csp2.393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Purwanto
- University of Papua Manokwari West Papua Indonesia
- Coral Triangle Center Sanur Bali Indonesia
| | | | | | | | - Awaludinnoer
- The Nature Conservancy, Indonesia Coasts and Oceans Program – Raja Ampat Sorong West Papua Indonesia
| | - Defy Pada
- Conservation International Indonesia Sorong West Papua Indonesia
| | - Nur I. Hidayat
- Conservation International Indonesia Sorong West Papua Indonesia
| | - Amkieltiela
- Conservation Science Unit, WWF Indonesia Jakarta Indonesia
| | | | - Matt Fox
- Conservation International Indonesia Sorong West Papua Indonesia
| | | | - La Hamid
- Cenderawasih Bay National Park Authority, Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan Manokwari West Papua Indonesia
| | | | - Ronald Mambrasar
- Conservation International Indonesia Sorong West Papua Indonesia
| | - Nugraha Maulana
- Conservation International Indonesia Sorong West Papua Indonesia
| | - Mulyadi
- Cenderawasih Bay National Park Authority, Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan Manokwari West Papua Indonesia
| | - Syafri Tuharea
- Unit Pelaksana Teknis Dinas, Kawasan Konservasi Perairan Daerah Raja Ampat Raja Ampat West Papua Indonesia
| | | | - Gabby N. Ahmadia
- Ocean Conservation, World Wildlife Fund Washington District of Columbia USA
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7
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Bhola N, Klimmek H, Kingston N, Burgess ND, van Soesbergen A, Corrigan C, Harrison J, Kok MTJ. Perspectives on area-based conservation and its meaning for future biodiversity policy. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2021; 35:168-178. [PMID: 32277780 PMCID: PMC7984296 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
During 2021, Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) are expected to meet in Kunming, China, to agree on a new global biodiversity framework aimed at halting and reversing biodiversity loss, encouraging the sustainable use of biodiversity, and ensuring the equitable sharing of its benefits. As the post-2020 global biodiversity framework evolves, parties to the convention are being exposed to a range of perspectives on the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity, relating to the future framework as a whole or to aspects of it. Area-based conservation measures are one such aspect, and there are diverse perspectives on how new targets might be framed in relation to these measures. These perspectives represent different outlooks on the relationship between human and nonhuman life on Earth. However, in most cases there is a lack of clarity on how they would be implemented in practice, the implications this would have for biodiversity and human well-being, and how they would contribute to achieving the 2050 Vision for Biodiversity of "living in harmony with nature." We sought to clarify these issues by summarizing some of these perspectives in relation to the future of area-based biodiversity conservation. We identified these perspectives through a review of the literature and expert consultation workshops and compiled them into 4 main groups: Aichi+, ambitious area-based conservation perspectives, new conservation, and whole-earth conservation. We found that although the perspectives Aichi+ and whole earth are in some cases at odds with one another, they also have commonalities, and all perspectives have elements that can contribute to developing and implementing the post-2020 global biodiversity framework and achieving the longer term CBD 2050 Vision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Bhola
- United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge, CB3 0DL, U.K
| | - Helen Klimmek
- United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge, CB3 0DL, U.K
| | - Naomi Kingston
- United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge, CB3 0DL, U.K
| | - Neil D Burgess
- United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge, CB3 0DL, U.K
- CMEC, The Natural History Museum, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Arnout van Soesbergen
- United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge, CB3 0DL, U.K
| | - Colleen Corrigan
- United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge, CB3 0DL, U.K
| | - Jerry Harrison
- United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge, CB3 0DL, U.K
| | - Marcel T J Kok
- PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency, Bezuidenhoutseweg 30, The Hague, 2594 AV, The Netherlands
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8
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Abstract
As humans continue to alter Earth systems, conservationists look to remote sensing to monitor, inventory, and understand ecosystems and ecosystem processes at large spatial scales. Multispectral remote sensing data are commonly integrated into conservation decision-making frameworks, yet imaging spectroscopy, or hyperspectral remote sensing, is underutilized in conservation. The high spectral resolution of imaging spectrometers captures the chemistry of Earth surfaces, whereas multispectral satellites indirectly represent such surfaces through band ratios. Here, we present case studies wherein imaging spectroscopy was used to inform and improve conservation decision-making and discuss potential future applications. These case studies include a broad array of conservation areas, including forest, dryland, and marine ecosystems, as well as urban applications and methane monitoring. Imaging spectroscopy technology is rapidly developing, especially with regard to satellite-based spectrometers. Improving on and expanding existing applications of imaging spectroscopy to conservation, developing imaging spectroscopy data products for use by other researchers and decision-makers, and pioneering novel uses of imaging spectroscopy will greatly expand the toolset for conservation decision-makers.
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9
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Maxwell SL, Cazalis V, Dudley N, Hoffmann M, Rodrigues ASL, Stolton S, Visconti P, Woodley S, Kingston N, Lewis E, Maron M, Strassburg BBN, Wenger A, Jonas HD, Venter O, Watson JEM. Area-based conservation in the twenty-first century. Nature 2020; 586:217-227. [PMID: 33028996 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2773-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Humanity will soon define a new era for nature-one that seeks to transform decades of underwhelming responses to the global biodiversity crisis. Area-based conservation efforts, which include both protected areas and other effective area-based conservation measures, are likely to extend and diversify. However, persistent shortfalls in ecological representation and management effectiveness diminish the potential role of area-based conservation in stemming biodiversity loss. Here we show how the expansion of protected areas by national governments since 2010 has had limited success in increasing the coverage across different elements of biodiversity (ecoregions, 12,056 threatened species, 'Key Biodiversity Areas' and wilderness areas) and ecosystem services (productive fisheries, and carbon services on land and sea). To be more successful after 2020, area-based conservation must contribute more effectively to meeting global biodiversity goals-ranging from preventing extinctions to retaining the most-intact ecosystems-and must better collaborate with the many Indigenous peoples, community groups and private initiatives that are central to the successful conservation of biodiversity. The long-term success of area-based conservation requires parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity to secure adequate financing, plan for climate change and make biodiversity conservation a far stronger part of land, water and sea management policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean L Maxwell
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Victor Cazalis
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Montpellier, France
| | - Nigel Dudley
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia.,Equilibrium Research, Bristol, UK
| | - Michael Hoffmann
- Conservation and Policy, Zoological Society of London, London, UK
| | - Ana S L Rodrigues
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Piero Visconti
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London, UK.,Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, University College London, London, UK.,International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Stephen Woodley
- World Commission on Protected Areas, International Union for Conservation of Nature, Gland, Switzerland
| | - Naomi Kingston
- UN Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), Cambridge, UK
| | - Edward Lewis
- UN Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), Cambridge, UK
| | - Martine Maron
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Bernardo B N Strassburg
- Rio Conservation and Sustainability Science Centre, Department of Geography and the Environment, Pontifícia Universidade Católica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,International Institute for Sustainability, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Programa de Pós Graduacão em Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Amelia Wenger
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia.,Global Marine Program, Wildlife Conservation Society, New York, NY, USA
| | - Harry D Jonas
- World Commission on Protected Areas, International Union for Conservation of Nature, Gland, Switzerland.,Future Law, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
| | - Oscar Venter
- Ecosystem Science and Management, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, British Columbia, Canada
| | - James E M Watson
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia.,Global Conservation Program, Wildlife Conservation Society, New York, NY, USA
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10
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França FM, Benkwitt CE, Peralta G, Robinson JPW, Graham NAJ, Tylianakis JM, Berenguer E, Lees AC, Ferreira J, Louzada J, Barlow J. Climatic and local stressor interactions threaten tropical forests and coral reefs. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2020; 375:20190116. [PMID: 31983328 PMCID: PMC7017775 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tropical forests and coral reefs host a disproportionately large share of global biodiversity and provide ecosystem functions and services used by millions of people. Yet, ongoing climate change is leading to an increase in frequency and magnitude of extreme climatic events in the tropics, which, in combination with other local human disturbances, is leading to unprecedented negative ecological consequences for tropical forests and coral reefs. Here, we provide an overview of how and where climate extremes are affecting the most biodiverse ecosystems on Earth and summarize how interactions between global, regional and local stressors are affecting tropical forest and coral reef systems through impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem resilience. We also discuss some key challenges and opportunities to promote mitigation and adaptation to a changing climate at local and global scales. This article is part of the theme issue 'Climate change and ecosystems: threats, opportunities and solutions'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe M. França
- Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, Trav. Dr. Enéas Pinheiro, s/n, CP 48, 66095-100 Belém, PA, Brazil
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
| | | | - Guadalupe Peralta
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | | | | | - Jason M. Tylianakis
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Erika Berenguer
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
- Environmental Change Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QY, UK
| | - Alexander C. Lees
- School of Science and the Environment, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
- Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Joice Ferreira
- Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, Trav. Dr. Enéas Pinheiro, s/n, CP 48, 66095-100 Belém, PA, Brazil
- Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal do Pará, 66075-110 Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Júlio Louzada
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras 37200-000, MG, Brazil
| | - Jos Barlow
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras 37200-000, MG, Brazil
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11
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Bevilacqua S, Terlizzi A. Nestedness and turnover unveil inverse spatial patterns of compositional and functional β‐diversity at varying depth in marine benthos. DIVERS DISTRIB 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Stanislao Bevilacqua
- Department of Life Sciences University of Trieste Trieste Italy
- CoNiSMa Roma Italy
| | - Antonio Terlizzi
- Department of Life Sciences University of Trieste Trieste Italy
- CoNiSMa Roma Italy
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn Napoli Italy
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12
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Bacon E, Gannon P, Stephen S, Seyoum-Edjigu E, Schmidt M, Lang B, Sandwith T, Xin J, Arora S, Adham KN, Espinoza AJR, Qwathekana M, Prates APL, Shestakov A, Cooper D, Ervin J, Dias BFDS, Leles B, Attallah M, Mulongoy J, Gidda SB. Aichi Biodiversity Target 11 in the like-minded megadiverse countries. J Nat Conserv 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnc.2019.125723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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13
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14
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Heywood VH. Conserving plants within and beyond protected areas - still problematic and future uncertain. PLANT DIVERSITY 2019; 41:36-49. [PMID: 31193163 PMCID: PMC6520483 DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Against a background of continuing loss of biodiversity, it is argued that for the successful conservation of threatened plant species we need to ensure the more effective integration of the various conservation actions employed, clarify the wording of the CBD targets and provide clearer operational guidance as to how they are to be implemented and their implementation monitored. The role and effectiveness of protected areas in conserving biodiversity and in particular plant species in situ are discussed as are recent proposals for a massive increase of their extent. The need for much greater effort and investment in the conservation or protection of threatened species outside protected areas where most plant diversity occurs is highlighted. The difficulties involved in implementing effective in situ conservation of plant diversity both at an area- and species/population-based level are discussed. The widespread neglect of species recovery for plants is noted and the desirability of making a clearer distinction between species recovery and reintroduction is emphasized. Key messages from a global overview of species recovery are outlined and recommendations made, including the desirability of each country preparing a national species recovery strategy. The projected impacts of global change on protected areas and on species conservation and recovery, and ways of addressing them are discussed.
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15
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Allan JR, Levin N, Jones KR, Abdullah S, Hongoh J, Hermoso V, Kark S. Navigating the complexities of coordinated conservation along the river Nile. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaau7668. [PMID: 30949575 PMCID: PMC6447383 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aau7668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The river Nile flows across 11 African countries, supporting millions of human livelihoods, and holding globally important biodiversity and endemism yet remains underprotected. No basin-wide spatial conservation planning has been attempted to date, and the importance of coordinated conservation planning for the Nile's biodiversity remains unknown. We address these gaps by creating a basin-wide conservation plan for the Nile's freshwater fish. We identify priority areas for conservation action and compare cross-boundary collaboration scenarios for achieving biodiversity conservation targets, accounting for river connectivity. We found that collaborative conservation efforts are crucial for reducing conservation costs, saving 34% of costs compared to an uncoordinated, business-as-usual scenario. While most Nile basin countries benefit from coordinating conservation planning, costs and benefits are unequally distributed. We identify "hot spots" consistently selected as conservation priority areas across all collaboration scenarios, and provide a framework for improving return on conservation investment for large and complex river systems globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. R. Allan
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - N. Levin
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
- Department of Geography, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91905, Israel
| | - K. R. Jones
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Global Conservation Program, Bronx, NY 10460, USA
| | - S. Abdullah
- School of Economics, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - J. Hongoh
- School of Political Science and International Studies, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - V. Hermoso
- Centre de ciència i Tecnologia Forestal de Catalunya, Crta. Sant Llorenc de Morunys, Km 2, 25280 Solsona, Lleida, Spain
| | - S. Kark
- Biodiversity Research Group, School of Biological Sciences, Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
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16
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Harasti D, Davis TR, Jordan A, Erskine L, Moltschaniwskyj N. Illegal recreational fishing causes a decline in a fishery targeted species (Snapper: Chrysophrys auratus) within a remote no-take marine protected area. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0209926. [PMID: 30620736 PMCID: PMC6324809 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
One role of Marine Protected Areas is to protect biodiversity; however, illegal fishing activity can reduce the effectiveness of protection. Quantifying illegal fishing effort within no-take MPAs is difficult and the impacts of illegal fishing on biodiversity are poorly understood. To provide an assessment of illegal fishing activity, a surveillance camera was deployed at the Seal Rocks no-take area within the Port Stephens-Great Lakes Marine Park from April 2017-March 2018. To assess impacts of illegal fishing activity in the no-take area, Baited Remote Underwater Video Systems (BRUVs) were used to quantify abundance and size of snapper Chrysophrys auratus from 2011-2017. BRUVs were also deployed at two nearby fished locations and two other no-take areas to allow comparison. Over 12 months of camera surveillance, a total of 108 recreational vessels were observed illegally fishing within the no-take area (avg 9.0 ± 0.9 per month). The greatest number of vessels detected in a single month was 14 and the longest a vessel was observed fishing was ~ 6 hours. From 2011-2017, the abundance of C. auratus within the Seal Rocks no-take area significantly declined by 55%, whilst the abundance within the other fished areas and no-take areas did not significantly decline over the same period. Lengths of C. auratus in the Seal Rocks no-take area were significantly smaller in 2017 compared to 2013 which was driven by a decline in the number of legal sized fish over 30 cm. Based on mean number of illegal fishers per vessel recorded in the no-take area, and an allowable bag limit of 10 C. auratus per person, it is possible that more than 2,000 C. auratus are removed annually from this no-take area. There is a strong likelihood that illegal recreational fishing is causing a reduction on a fishery targeted species within a no-take MPA and measures need to be implemented to reduce the ongoing illegal fishing pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Harasti
- Port Stephens Fisheries Institute, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Nelson Bay, NSW, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Tom R. Davis
- Port Stephens Fisheries Institute, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Nelson Bay, NSW, Australia
| | - Alan Jordan
- Port Stephens Fisheries Institute, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Nelson Bay, NSW, Australia
| | - Luke Erskine
- Port Stephens Fisheries Institute, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Nelson Bay, NSW, Australia
| | - Natalie Moltschaniwskyj
- Port Stephens Fisheries Institute, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Nelson Bay, NSW, Australia
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