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Wang Z, Pang S, Liu X, Dong Z, Tian Y, Ashrafizadeh M, Rabiee N, Ertas YN, Mao Y. Chitosan- and hyaluronic acid-based nanoarchitectures in phototherapy: Combination cancer chemotherapy, immunotherapy and gene therapy. Int J Biol Macromol 2024:132579. [PMID: 38795895 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
Cancer phototherapy has introduced a new potential modality for tumor suppression. However, the efficacy of phototherapy has been limited due to a lack of targeted delivery of photosensitizers. Therefore, the application of biocompatible and multifunctional nanoparticles in phototherapy is appreciated. Chitosan (CS) as a cationic polymer and hyaluronic acid (HA) as a CD44-targeting agent are two widely utilized polymers in nanoparticle synthesis and functionalization. The current review focuses on the application of HA and CS nanostructures in cancer phototherapy. These nanocarriers can be used in phototherapy to induce hyperthermia and singlet oxygen generation for tumor ablation. CS and HA can be used for the synthesis of nanostructures, or they can functionalize other kinds of nanostructures used for phototherapy, such as gold nanorods. The HA and CS nanostructures can combine chemotherapy or immunotherapy with phototherapy to augment tumor suppression. Moreover, the CS nanostructures can be functionalized with HA for specific cancer phototherapy. The CS and HA nanostructures promote the cellular uptake of genes and photosensitizers to facilitate gene therapy and phototherapy. Such nanostructures specifically stimulate phototherapy at the tumor site, with particle toxic impacts on normal cells. Moreover, CS and HA nanostructures demonstrate high biocompatibility for further clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Liaocheng City Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Liaocheng 252000, Shandong, PR China
| | - Shuo Pang
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Jinan Third People's Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250101, PR China
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- Department of Dermatology, First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zi Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Lincang People's Hospital, Lincang, China
| | - Yu Tian
- School of Public Health, Benedictine University, Lisle, United States
| | - Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors, Carson International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China; International Association for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China; Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.
| | - Navid Rabiee
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Yavuz Nuri Ertas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Türkiye; ERNAM-Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Türkiye; UNAM-National Nanotechnology Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Türkiye.
| | - Ying Mao
- Department of Oncology, Suining Central Hospital, Suining City, Sichuan, China.
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Lan J, Liu Y, Chen J, Liu H, Feng Y, Liu J, Chen L. Advanced tumor electric fields therapy: A review of innovative research and development and prospect of application in glioblastoma. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14720. [PMID: 38715344 PMCID: PMC11077002 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an aggressive malignant tumor with a high mortality rate and is the most prevalent primary intracranial tumor that remains incurable. The current standard treatment, which involves surgery along with concurrent radiotherapy and chemotherapy, only yields a survival time of 14-16 months. However, the introduction of tumor electric fields therapy (TEFT) has provided a glimmer of hope for patients with newly diagnosed and recurrent GBM, as it has been shown to extend the median survival time to 20 months. The combination of TEFT and other advanced therapies is a promising trend in the field of GBM, facilitated by advancements in medical technology. AIMS In this review, we provide a concise overview of the mechanism and efficacy of TEFT. In addition, we mainly discussed the innovation of TEFT and our proposed blueprint for TEFT implementation. CONCLUSION Tumor electric fields therapy is an effective and highly promising treatment modality for GBM. The full therapeutic potential of TEFT can be exploited by combined with other innovative technologies and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxin Lan
- Department of NeurosurgeryChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
- School of MedicineNankai UniversityTianjinChina
- Medical School of Chinese PLABeijingChina
| | - Yuyang Liu
- Medical School of Chinese PLABeijingChina
- Department of Neurosurgery920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support ForceKunmingChina
| | - Junyi Chen
- Department of NeurosurgeryChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
- Medical School of Chinese PLABeijingChina
| | - Hongyu Liu
- Medical School of Chinese PLABeijingChina
- Department of NeurosurgeryHainan Hospital of Chinese PLA General HospitalHainanChina
| | - Yaping Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support ForceKunmingChina
| | - Jialin Liu
- Department of NeurosurgeryChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
- Medical School of Chinese PLABeijingChina
| | - Ling Chen
- Department of NeurosurgeryChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
- School of MedicineNankai UniversityTianjinChina
- Medical School of Chinese PLABeijingChina
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A multi-hit therapeutic nanoplatform for hepatocellular carcinoma: Dual stimuli-responsive drug release, dual-modal imaging, and in situ oxygen supply to enhance synergistic therapy. Mater Today Bio 2022; 16:100338. [PMID: 35847375 PMCID: PMC9278082 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Nanomedicine has been widely studied for the diagnosis and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). How to synthesize a nanoplatform possessing a high synergistic therapeutic efficacy remains a challenge in this emerging research field. In this study, a convenient all-in-one therapeutic nanoplatform (FTY720@AM/T7-TL) is designed for HCC. This advanced nanoplatform consists of multiple functional elements, including gold-manganese dioxide nanoparticles (AM), tetraphenylethylene (T), fingolimod (FTY720), hybrid-liposome (L), and T7 peptides (T7). The nanoplatform is negatively charged at physiological pH and can transit to a positively charged state once moving to acidic pH environments. The specially designed pH-responsive charge-reversal nanocarrier prolongs the half-life of nanodrugs in blood and improves cellular uptake efficiency. The platform achieves a sustained and controllable drug release through dual stimulus-response, with pH as the endogenous stimulus and near-infrared as the exogenous stimulus. Furthermore, the nanoplatform realizes in situ O2 generation by catalyzing tumor over-expressed H2O2, which alleviates tumor microenvironment hypoxia and improves photodynamic therapy. Both in vitro and in vivo studies show the prepared nanoplatform has good photothermal conversion, cellular uptake efficiency, fluorescence/magnetic resonance imaging capabilities, and synergistic anti-tumor effects. These results suggest that the prepared all-in-one nanoplatform has great potential for dual-modal imaging-guided synergistic therapy of HCC.
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Chen G, Zhao Y, Xu Y, Zhu C, Liu T, Wang K. Chitosan nanoparticles for oral photothermally enhanced photodynamic therapy of colon cancer. Int J Pharm 2020; 589:119763. [PMID: 32898629 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Phototherapy exerts its anticancer effects by converting laser radiation energy into hyperthermia or reactive singlet oxygen (1O2). In this study, we developed chitosan nanoparticles (CS NPs) encapsulating both photothermal (IR780) and photodynamic (5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA)) reagents for photothermally enhanced photodynamic therapy by noninvasive oral administration. The 5-ALA&IR780@CS NPs were stable in acidic conditions similar to the gastric environment, which greatly improved drug oral absorption and local accumulation in subcutaneous mouse colon tumors (CT-26 cells) following oral gavage. Mechanistic studies revealed that the co-delivery system can lead to photothermally enhanced photodynamic effects against cancer cells by increasing oxidative stress, including the elevation of ROS, superoxide and 1O2 production. Additionally, significant therapeutic efficacy for cancer treatment were observed in vivo after oral administration of 5-ALA&IR780@CS NPs, without causing any overt adverse effects. Our work highlights the great potential of photothermally enhanced photodynamic therapy by CS NPs for colon cancer management via oral route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Chen
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yongmei Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Yuehua Xu
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Chenfei Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Tianqing Liu
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead 2145, Australia.
| | - Kaikai Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China; Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Shinoda Y, Aoki K, Shinkai A, Seki K, Takahashi T, Tsuneoka Y, Akimoto J, Fujiwara Y. Synergistic effect of dichloroacetate on talaporfin sodium-based photodynamic therapy on U251 human astrocytoma cells. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 31:101850. [PMID: 32497773 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.101850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Talaporfin sodium (TS) is an authorized photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy (PDT) against some tumors in Japan; however, the drawbacks of the drug include its high cost and side effects. Thus, reducing the dose of TS in each round of TS-PDT against tumors is important for reducing treatment costs and improving patients' quality of life. Dichloroacetate (DCA) is approved for treating lactic acidosis and hereditary mitochondrial diseases, and it is known to enhance reactive oxygen species production and induce apoptosis in cancer cells. Therefore, DCA has the potential to enhance the effects of TS-PDT and permit the use of lower TS doses without reducing the anti-cancer effect. METHODS U251 human astrocytoma cells were simultaneously incubated with TS and DCA using different concentrations, administration schedules, and treatment durations, followed by laser irradiation. Cell viability was determined using the CCK-8 assay. RESULTS The combinational use of DCA and TS resulted in synergistically enhanced TS-PDT effects in U251 cells. The duration of DCA treatment before TS-PDT slightly enhanced the efficacy of TS-PDT. The intensity of laser irradiation was not associated with the synergistic effect of DCA on TS-PDT. In addition, the relationship between the elapsed time after TS/DCA combination treatment and PDT ineffectiveness was identical to that of TS monotherapy. CONCLUSIONS DCA synergistically enhanced the anti-cancer effect of TS-PDT, illustrating its potential for drug repositioning in cancer therapy in combination with PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yo Shinoda
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan.
| | - Kohei Aoki
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Ayaka Shinkai
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Kumi Seki
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Takahashi
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Yayoi Tsuneoka
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Jiro Akimoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishi-Shinjuku, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Fujiwara
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan.
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Chemo-photodynamic therapy by pulmonary delivery of gefitinib nanoparticles and 5-aminolevulinic acid for treatment of primary lung cancer of rats. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 31:101807. [PMID: 32404298 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.101807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is a severe disease with high mortality. Chemotherapy is one major treatment for lung cancer. However, systemic chemotherapeutics usually distribute throughout the body without specific lung distribution so that serious side effects are unavoidable. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is occasionally used for lung cancer treatment but photosensitizers are also systemically administered and the bronchoscopic intervention under anesthesia may hurt lung tissues. Here, we combined inhaled chemotherapeutics and photosensitizers for chemo-photodynamic therapy (CPDT) of primary lung cancer of rats with external laser light irradiation. Gefitinib PLGA nanoparticles (GNPs) were prepared. The anti-cancer effects of GNPs and/or a common photosensitizer 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) were explored on A549 cells (adenocarcinomic human alveolar basal epithelial cells) and primary lung cancer rats after intratracheal administration. External light irradiation was applied due to its higher safety compared to internal light irradiation that may result in injuries after a laser optic fiber was intubated into the lung. The remarkable synergistic effect of CPDT was confirmed although the single therapies were also effective, where the high anti-lung cancer effects were shown and some typical lung cancer markers, including CD31, VEGF, NF-κB p65 and Bcl-2, significantly decreased. Moreover, the treatments attenuated inflammation with the downregulation of TNF-α. The combination of pulmonary drug delivery and chemo-photodynamic therapy is a promising strategy for treatment of lung cancer.
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Li Q, Zhou R, Xie Y, Li Y, Chen Y, Cai X. Sulphur-doped carbon dots as a highly efficient nano-photodynamic agent against oral squamous cell carcinoma. Cell Prolif 2020; 53:e12786. [PMID: 32301195 PMCID: PMC7162798 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a novel non-invasive therapeutic method, which has been widely applied for the treatment of human oral cancers. However, the problems of undesirable singlet oxygen (1 O2 ) quantum yields and long-term phototoxicity were inevitable during the application of traditional photosensitizers. Therefore, it is necessary to explore novel photosensitizers for the improvement of therapeutic effects. In our study, the sulphur-doped carbon dots (S-CDs) of high yield of singlet oxygen (1 O2 ) were synthesized as a nano-photosensitizer for OSCC to improve the PDT efficacy in clinical practice. MATERIALS AND METHODS After synthesis of the novel S-CDs, the size, morphologic characteristics, surface potential and yield of singlet oxygen (1 O2 ) were determined. In vitro study was performed to compare the therapeutic effect as well as the biocompatibility of the novel S-CDs to those of 5-ALA. Besides, possible mechanism of action was illustrated. RESULTS After synthesis of the novel S-CDs, the size, morphologic characteristics, surface potential and yield of singlet oxygen (1 O2 ) were determined. In vitro study was performed to compare the therapeutic effect as well as the biocompatibility of the novel S-CDs to those of 5-ALA. Besides, possible mechanism of action was illustrated. CONCLUSIONS These data from the in vitro study demonstrated the promising safety profile of the low dose (nmol/L) S-CDs, which indicated the novel S-CDs could be used as a promising photodynamic agent for oral cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qirong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral DiseasesNational Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
- West China School of Stomatology, Oral pathologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Ronghui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral DiseasesNational Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yu Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oral DiseasesNational Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yanjing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral DiseasesNational Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral DiseasesNational Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
- West China School of Stomatology, Oral pathologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xiaoxiao Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral DiseasesNational Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
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Liposomal Lapatinib in Combination with Low-Dose Photodynamic Therapy for the Treatment of Glioma. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8122214. [PMID: 31847378 PMCID: PMC6947404 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8122214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malignant gliomas are highly invasive and extremely difficult to treat tumours with poor prognosis and outcomes. Photodynamic therapy (PDT), mediated by Gleolan®, has been studied previously with partial success in treating these tumours and extending lifetime. We aim to determine whether combining PDT using ALA-protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) with a liposomal formulation of the clinical epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor, lapatinib, would increase the anti-tumour PDT efficacy. METHODS Lapatinib was given in vitro and in vivo 24 h prior to PDT and for 3-5 days following PDT to elicit whether the combination provided any benefits to PDT therapy. Live-cell imaging, in vitro PDT, and in vivo studies were performed to elucidate the effect lapatinib had on PDT for a variety of glioma cell lines and as well as GSC-30 neurospheres in vivo. RESULTS PDT combined with lapatinib led to a significant increase in PpIX accumulation, and reductions in the LD50 of PpIX mediated PDT in two EGFR-driven cell lines, U87 and U87vIII, tested (p < 0.05). PDT + lapatinib elicited stronger MRI-quantified glioma responses following PDT for two human glioma-derived tumours (U87 and GSC-30) in vivo (p < 0.05). Furthermore, PDT leads to enhanced survival in rats following treatment with lapatinib compared to lapatinib alone and PDT alone (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS As lapatinib is approved for other oncological indications, a realization of its potential combination with PDT and in fluorescence-guided resection could be readily tested clinically. Furthermore, as its use would only be in acute settings, long-term resistance should not pose an issue as compared to its use as monotherapy.
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Liu L, Zhu X, Yu A, Ward CM, Pace BS. δ-Aminolevulinate induces fetal hemoglobin expression by enhancing cellular heme biosynthesis. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2019; 244:1220-1232. [PMID: 31475864 DOI: 10.1177/1535370219872995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD) and β-thalassemia are inherited blood disorders caused by genetic defects in the β-globin gene on chromosome 11, producing severe disease in people worldwide. Induction of fetal hemoglobin consisting of two α-globin and two γ-globin chains ameliorates the clinical symptoms of both disorders. In the present study, we investigated the ability of δ-aminolevulinate (ALA), the heme precursor, to activate γ-globin gene expression as well as its effects on cellular functions in erythroid cell systems. We demonstrated that ALA induced γ-globin expression at both the transcriptional and protein levels in the KU812 erythroid cell line. Using inhibitors targeting two enzymes in the heme biosynthesis pathway, we showed that cellular heme biosynthesis was involved in ALA-mediated γ-globin activation. Moreover, the transcription factor NRF2 (nuclear factor [erythroid-derived 2]-like 2), a critical regulator of the cellular antioxidant response, was activated by ALA and contributed to mechanisms of γ-globin activation; ALA did not affect cell proliferation and was not toxic to cells. Subsequent studies demonstrated ALA-induced γ-globin activation in erythroid progenitors generated from normal human CD34+ stem cells. These data support future study to explore the potential of stimulating intracellular heme biosynthesis by ALA or similar compounds as a novel therapeutic strategy for treating SCD and β-thalassemia. Impact statement Inherited mutations in the β-globin-like genes result in the most common forms of genetic blood disease including sickle cell disease (SCD) and β-thalassemia worldwide. Therefore, effective inexpensive therapies that can be distributed widely are highly desirable. Currently, drug-mediated fetal hemoglobin (HbF) induction can ameliorate clinical symptoms of SCD and β-thalassemia and is the most effective strategy for developing new therapeutic options. In the current study, we confirmed that δ-Aminolevulinate (ALA), the precursor of heme, induces γ-globin expression at both the transcriptional and translational levels in primary human erythroid progenitors. Moreover, the results indicate activation of the transcription factor NRF2 (nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2) by ALA to enhance HbF expression. These data support future study to explore the potential of stimulating intracellular heme biosynthesis by ALA or similar compounds as a novel therapeutic strategy for treating SCD and β-thalassemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Xingguo Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Alexander Yu
- Department of Medicine, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Christina M Ward
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Betty S Pace
- Department of Pediatrics, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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Kato T, Jin CS, Lee D, Ujiie H, Fujino K, Hu HP, Wada H, Wu L, Chen J, Weersink RA, kanno H, Hatanaka Y, Hatanaka KC, Kaga K, Matsui Y, Matsuno Y, De Perrot M, Wilson BC, Zheng G, Yasufuku K. Preclinical investigation of folate receptor-targeted nanoparticles for photodynamic therapy of malignant pleural mesothelioma. Int J Oncol 2018; 53:2034-2046. [PMID: 30226590 PMCID: PMC6192720 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) following lung-sparing extended pleurectomy for malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) has been investigated as a potential means to kill residual microscopic cells. High expression levels of folate receptor 1 (FOLR1) have been reported in MPM; therefore, targeting FOLR1 has been considered a novel potential strategy. The present study developed FOLR1‑targeting porphyrin-lipid nanoparticles (folate-porphysomes, FP) for the treatment of PDT. Furthermore, inhibition of activated epidermal growth factor (EGFR)-associated survival pathways enhance PDT efficacy. In the present study, these approaches were combined; FP-based PDT was used together with an EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI). The frequency of FOLR1 and EGFR expression in MPM was analyzed using tissue microarrays. Confocal microscopy and a cell viability assay were performed to confirm the specificity of FOLR1‑targeting cellular uptake and photocytotoxicity in vitro. In vivo fluorescence activation and therapeutic efficacy were subsequently examined. The effects of EGFR-TKI were also assessed in vitro. The in vivo combined antitumor effect of EGFR-TKI and FP-PDT was then evaluated. The results revealed that FOLR1 and EGFR were expressed in 79 and 89% of MPM samples, respectively. In addition, intracellular uptake of FP corresponded well with FOLR1 expression. When MPM cells were incubated with FP and then irradiated at 671 nm, there was significant in vitro cell death, which was inhibited in the presence of free folic acid, thus suggesting the specificity of FPs. FOLR1 targeting resulted in disassembly of the porphysomes and subsequent fluorescence activation in intrathoracic disseminated MPM tumors, as demonstrated by ex vivo tissue imaging. FP-PDT resulted in significant cellular damage and apoptosis in vivo. Furthermore, the combination of pretreatment with EGFR-TKI and FP-PDT induced a marked improvement of treatment responses. In conclusion, FP-based PDT induced selective destruction of MPM cells based on FOLR1 targeting, and pretreatment with EGFR-TKI further enhanced the therapeutic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Kato
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan
| | - Cheng s. Jin
- Graduate Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3M2
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9
- Guided Therapeutics, TECHNA Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L5
| | - Daiyoon Lee
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Hideki Ujiie
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Kosuke Fujino
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Hsin-Pei Hu
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Hironobu Wada
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Licun Wu
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Juan Chen
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7
| | - Rober a. Weersink
- Guided Therapeutics, TECHNA Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L5
- Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Hiromi kanno
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8648, Japan
| | - Yutaka Hatanaka
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8648, Japan
| | - Kanako c. Hatanaka
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8648, Japan
| | - Kichizo Kaga
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Matsui
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Matsuno
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8648, Japan
| | - Marc De Perrot
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Brian c. Wilson
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7
- Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Gang Zheng
- Graduate Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3M2
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9
- Guided Therapeutics, TECHNA Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L5
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7
- Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada
- DLVR Therapeutics Inc. and University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - Kazuhiro Yasufuku
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
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11
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Chen L, Lu J, Huang T, Cai YD. A computational method for the identification of candidate drugs for non-small cell lung cancer. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183411. [PMID: 28820893 PMCID: PMC5562320 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer causes a large number of deaths per year. Until now, a cure for this disease has not been found or developed. Finding an effective drug through traditional experimental methods invariably costs millions of dollars and takes several years. It is imperative that computational methods be developed to integrate several types of existing information to identify candidate drugs for further study, which could reduce the cost and time of development. In this study, we tried to advance this effort by proposing a computational method to identify candidate drugs for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), a major type of lung cancer. The method used three steps: (1) preliminary screening, (2) screening compounds by an association test and a permutation test, (3) screening compounds using an EM clustering algorithm. In the first step, based on the chemical-chemical interaction information reported in STITCH, a well-known database that reports interactions between chemicals and proteins, and approved NSCLC drugs, compounds that can interact with at least one approved NSCLC drug were picked. In the second step, the association test selected compounds that can interact with at least one NSCLC-related chemical and at least one NSCLC-related gene, and subsequently, the permutation test was used to discard nonspecific compounds from the remaining compounds. In the final step, core compounds were selected using a powerful clustering algorithm, the EM algorithm. Six putative compounds, protoporphyrin IX, hematoporphyrin, canertinib, lapatinib, pelitinib, and dacomitinib, were identified by this method. Previously published data show that all of the selected compounds have been reported to possess anti-NSCLC activity, indicating high probabilities of these compounds being novel candidate drugs for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- College of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- College of Information Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Huang
- Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu-Dong Cai
- College of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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12
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Kou J, Dou D, Yang L. Porphyrin photosensitizers in photodynamic therapy and its applications. Oncotarget 2017; 8:81591-81603. [PMID: 29113417 PMCID: PMC5655312 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 291] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In 1841, the extraction of hematoporphyrin from dried blood by removing iron marked the birth of the photosensitizer. The last twenty years has witnessed extensive research in the application of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in tumor-bearing (or other diseases) animal models and patients. The period has seen development of photosensitizers from the first to the third generation, and their evolution from simple to more complex entities. This review focuses on porphyrin photosensitizers and their effect on tumors, mediated via several pathways involved in cell necrosis, apoptosis or autophagic cell death, and the preventive and therapeutic application of PDT against atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayuan Kou
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Dou Dou
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, PR China
| | - Liming Yang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China
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13
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Meng Q, Ren M, Li Y, Song X. LncRNA-RMRP Acts as an Oncogene in Lung Cancer. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164845. [PMID: 27906963 PMCID: PMC5132297 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating studies have demonstrated that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) act a crucial role in the development of tumors. However, the role of lncRNAs in lung cancer remains largely unknown. In this study, we demonstrated that theexpression of RMRP was upregulated in lung adenocarcinoma tissues compared to the matched adjacent normal tissues. Moreover, of 35 lung adenocarcinoma samples, RMRP expression was upregulated in 25 cases (25/35; 71.4%) compared to the adjacent normal tissues. We also showed that RMRP expression was upregulated in lung adenocarcinoma cell lines (A549, SPC-A1, H1299 and H23) compared to the bronchial epithelial cell line (16HBE). Ectopic expression of RMRP promoted lung adenocarcinoma cell proliferation, colony formation and invasion. In addition, overexpression of RMRP inhibited the miR-206 expression in the H1299 cell and increased the KRAS, FMNL2 and SOX9 expression, which were the target genes of miR-206. Re-expression of miR-206 reversed the RMRP-induced the H1299 cell proliferation and migration. Our data proved that RMRP acted as an oncogene LncRNA to promote the expression of KRAS, FMNL2 and SOX9 by inhibiting miR-206 expression in lung cancer. These data suggested that RMRP might serve as a therapeutic target in lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingjun Meng
- Department of thoracic surgery, CangZhou central hospital, CangZhou, Hebei, China
| | - Mingming Ren
- Department of thoracic surgery, CangZhou central hospital, CangZhou, Hebei, China
| | - Yanguang Li
- Department of thoracic surgery, CangZhou central hospital, CangZhou, Hebei, China
| | - Xiang Song
- Department of thoracic surgery, CangZhou central hospital, CangZhou, Hebei, China
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14
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Postiglione I, Barra F, Aloj SM, Palumbo G. Photodynamic therapy with 5-aminolaevulinic acid and DNA damage: unravelling roles of p53 and ABCG2. Cell Prolif 2016; 49:523-38. [PMID: 27389299 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In spite of high sensitivity of A549 cells (p53(+/+) ) to lethal effects of photodynamic therapy with 5-aminolaevulinic acid (5-ALA/PDT), DNA damage was observed only in H1299 cells (p53(-/-) ), suggesting that p53 may exert a protective effect. Studies on human colon adenocarcinoma cell lines HCT-116, and their cognate knockouts for p53, were not entirely consistent with the assumption above. Exploring alternative explanations for such conflicting behaviour, we observed that expression of the ATP-binding cassette G2 (ABCG2), a regulator of cell component efflux, had important effects on PDT-generated DNA injury in PC3 cells (prostate) which are p53(-/-) and positive for ABCG2. Addition of an ABCG2 inhibitor in ABCG2 positive A549 (p53(+/+) ) and PC3 (p53(-/-) ) cells eliminated resistance to DNA damage. MATERIALS AND METHODS All cell lines investigated were incubated with 5-ALA and irradiated. Effects of PDT were evaluated assessing residual cell viability, cell-cycle profiles, PpIX localization, comet assay and Western blotting. Identical measurements were made in the presence of ABCG2 inhibitor, in cells expressing the transporter. RESULTS Our data show that cell aptitude to defend its DNA from PDT-induced injury was mainly ruled by ABCG2 expression. These findings, while providing helpful information in predicting effectiveness of 5-ALA/PDT, may indicate a way to shift PDT from a palliative to a more effective approach in anti-cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Postiglione
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - F Barra
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - S M Aloj
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - G Palumbo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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15
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Pollio A, Zarrelli A, Romanucci V, Di Mauro A, Barra F, Pinto G, Crescenzi E, Roscetto E, Palumbo G. Polyphenolic Profile and Targeted Bioactivity of Methanolic Extracts from Mediterranean Ethnomedicinal Plants on Human Cancer Cell Lines. Molecules 2016; 21:395. [PMID: 27023497 PMCID: PMC6274438 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21040395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The methanol extracts of the aerial part of four ethnomedicinal plants of Mediterranean region, two non-seed vascular plants, Equisetum hyemale L. and Phyllitis scolopendrium (L.) Newman, and two Spermatophyta, Juniperus communis L. (J. communis) and Cotinus coggygria Scop. (C. coggygria), were screened against four human cells lines (A549, MCF7, TK6 and U937). Only the extracts of J. communis and C. coggygria showed marked cytotoxic effects, affecting both cell morphology and growth. A dose-dependent effect of these two extracts was also observed on the cell cycle distribution. Incubation of all the cell lines in a medium containing J. communis extract determined a remarkable accumulation of cells in the G2/M phase, whereas the C. coggygria extract induced a significant increase in the percentage of G1 cells. The novelty of our findings stands on the observation that the two extracts, consistently, elicited coherent effects on the cell cycle in four cell lines, independently from their phenotype, as two of them have epithelial origin and grow adherent and two are lymphoblastoid and grow in suspension. Even the expression profiles of several proteins regulating cell cycle progression and cell death were affected by both extracts. LC-MS investigation of methanol extract of C. coggygria led to the identification of twelve flavonoids (compounds 1–11, 19) and eight polyphenols derivatives (12–18, 20), while in J. communis extract, eight flavonoids (21–28), a α-ionone glycoside (29) and a lignin (30) were found. Although many of these compounds have interesting individual biological activities, their natural blends seem to exert specific effects on the proliferation of cell lines either growing adherent or in suspension, suggesting potential use in fighting cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Pollio
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", Complesso di MS Angelo, 80126 Naples, Italy.
| | - Armando Zarrelli
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Complesso di MS Angelo, 80126 Naples, Italy.
| | - Valeria Romanucci
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Sannio Tech, P.zza San G. Moscati 8, SS Appia km 256, 82030 Apollosa (BN), Italy.
| | - Alfredo Di Mauro
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Federica Barra
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Gabriele Pinto
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", Complesso di MS Angelo, 80126 Naples, Italy.
| | - Elvira Crescenzi
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), National Research Council (CNR), Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Emanuela Roscetto
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Palumbo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy.
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Gallagher-Colombo SM, Miller J, Cengel KA, Putt ME, Vinogradov SA, Busch TM. Erlotinib Pretreatment Improves Photodynamic Therapy of Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma Xenografts via Multiple Mechanisms. Cancer Res 2015; 75:3118-26. [PMID: 26054596 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-3304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant expression of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a common characteristic of many cancers, including non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, and ovarian cancer. Although EGFR is currently a favorite molecular target for the treatment of these cancers, inhibition of the receptor with small-molecule inhibitors (i.e., erlotinib) or monoclonal antibodies (i.e., cetuximab) does not provide long-term therapeutic benefit as standalone treatment. Interestingly, we have found that addition of erlotinib to photodynamic therapy (PDT) can improve treatment response in typically erlotinib-resistant NSCLC tumor xenografts. Ninety-day complete response rates of 63% are achieved when erlotinib is administered in three doses before PDT of H460 human tumor xenografts, compared with 16% after PDT-alone. Similar benefit is found when erlotinib is added to PDT of A549 NCSLC xenografts. Improved response is accompanied by increased vascular shutdown, and erlotinib increases the in vitro cytotoxicity of PDT to endothelial cells. Tumor uptake of the photosensitizer (benzoporphyrin derivative monoacid ring A; BPD) is increased by the in vivo administration of erlotinib; nevertheless, this elevation of BPD levels only partially accounts for the benefit of erlotinib to PDT. Thus, pretreatment with erlotinib augments multiple mechanisms of PDT effect that collectively lead to large improvements in therapeutic efficacy. These data demonstrate that short-duration administration of erlotinib before PDT can greatly improve the responsiveness of even erlotinib-resistant tumors to treatment. Results will inform clinical investigation of EGFR-targeting therapeutics in conjunction with PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon M Gallagher-Colombo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Joann Miller
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Keith A Cengel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Mary E Putt
- Department of Biostatistics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sergei A Vinogradov
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Theresa M Busch
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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Tumor Microenvironment as a Determinant of Photodynamic Therapy Resistance. RESISTANCE TO TARGETED ANTI-CANCER THERAPEUTICS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-12730-9_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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18
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Combination of a novel photosensitizer DTPP with 650 nm laser results in efficient apoptosis, arresting cell cycle and cytoskeleton protein changes in lung cancer A549 cells. Lasers Med Sci 2014; 30:77-82. [PMID: 24964751 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-014-1617-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) using photosensitized reaction to produce cytotoxicity was used for cancer therapy in recent years. To study the effectiveness of PDT mediated by a novel photosensitizer (PS), DTPP 5-(4'-(2″-dicarboxymethylamino)acetamidophenyl)-10, 15, 20-triphenylporphyrin, on lung cancer A549 cell lines in vitro, DTPP was employed in different concentrations (2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 15, 20, 25, and 30 μg/ml) and combined with 650 nm laser of different power densities (0.6, 1.2, 2.4, 4.8, 7.2, and 9.6 J/cm(2)) that resulted in obvious inhibition of cell proliferation and apoptosis. Results showed that cell survival rates have a dependent relationship with time and PS concentrations and no significant cytotoxicity was induced by DTPP itself. Apoptosis and cell cycle S arrest were observed; cytoskeleton morphologic observation revealed collapse, sparkling, and shrunken shapes. Apoptosis-related protein caspase-3 overexpression was detected while caspase-9, bcl-2, and cytoskeleton protein beta-catenin were in low levels of expression than the control. Cleavage of beta-catenin by caspase-3 or other proteases from the lysosome might be the main reason for the cytoskeleton collapse as beta-tubulin and actin were at a stable level 12 h after PDT. This paper gives a better understanding of the effectiveness of DTPP-mediated PDT in lung cancer A549 cells both with regard to dosimetry and apoptosis changes.
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Cellular intrinsic factors involved in the resistance of squamous cell carcinoma to photodynamic therapy. J Invest Dermatol 2014; 134:2428-2437. [PMID: 24717244 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2014.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Revised: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is widely used to treat non-melanoma skin cancer. However, some patients affected with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) do not respond adequately to PDT with methyl-δ-aminolevulinic acid (MAL-PDT) and the tumors acquire an infiltrative phenotype and became histologically more aggressive, less differentiated, and more fibroblastic. To search for potential factors implicated in SCC resistance to PDT, we have used the SCC-13 cell line (parental) and resistant SCC-13 cells obtained by repeated MAL-PDT treatments (5th and 10th PDT-resistant generations). Xenografts assays in immunodeficient mice showed that the tumors generated by resistant cells were bigger than those induced by parental cells. Comparative genomic hybridization array (aCGH) showed that the three cell types presented amplicons in 3p12.1 CADM2, 7p11.2 EFGR, and 11q13.3 CCND1 genes. The 5th and 10th PDT-resistant cells showed an amplicon in 5q11.2 MAP3K1, which was not present in parental cells. The changes detected by aCGH on CCND1, EFGR, and MAP3K1 were confirmed in extracts of SCC-13 cells by reverse-transcriptase PCR and by western blot, and by immunohistochemistry in human biopsies from persistent tumors after MAL-PDT. Our data suggest that genomic imbalances related to CCND1, EFGR, and particularly MAP3K1 seem to be involved in the development of the resistance of SCC to PDT.
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