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Li X, Wang F, Lan Y, Bian R, Wang Y, Zhang X, Guo Y, Xiao L, Ni W, Zhao X, Luo G, Zhan R. GDF-5 induces epidermal stem cell migration via RhoA-MMP9 signalling. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 25:1939-1948. [PMID: 33369147 PMCID: PMC7882973 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The migration of epidermal stem cells (EpSCs) is critical for wound re-epithelization and wound healing. Recently, growth/differentiation factor-5 (GDF-5) was discovered to have multiple biological effects on wound healing; however, its role in EpSCs remains unclear. In this work, recombinant mouse GDF-5 (rmGDF-5) was found via live imaging in vitro to facilitate the migration of mouse EpSCs in a wound-scratch model. Western blot and real-time PCR assays demonstrated that the expression levels of RhoA and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) were correlated with rmGDF-5 concentration. Furthermore, we found that rmGDF-5 stimulated mouse EpSC migration in vitro by regulating MMP9 expression at the mRNA and protein levels through the RhoA signalling pathway. Moreover, in a deep partial-thickness scald mouse model in vivo, GDF-5 was confirmed to promote EpSC migration and MMP9 expression via RhoA, as evidenced by the tracking of cells labelled with 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU). The current study showed that rmGDF-5 can promote mouse EpSC migration in vitro and in vivo and that GDF-5 can trigger the migration of EpSCs via RhoA-MMP9 signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Li
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Key Laboratory of Proteomics of Chongqing, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yuanxin Lan
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Key Laboratory of Proteomics of Chongqing, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Ruyu Bian
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Key Laboratory of Proteomics of Chongqing, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Key Laboratory of Proteomics of Chongqing, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaorong Zhang
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Key Laboratory of Proteomics of Chongqing, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yicheng Guo
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Key Laboratory of Proteomics of Chongqing, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Ling Xiao
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Chenzhou First People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanhua University, Chenzhou, China
| | - Wenqiang Ni
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Chenzhou First People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanhua University, Chenzhou, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhao
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Key Laboratory of Proteomics of Chongqing, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Gaoxing Luo
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Key Laboratory of Proteomics of Chongqing, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Rixing Zhan
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Key Laboratory of Proteomics of Chongqing, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
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Huhtinen A, Hongisto V, Laiho A, Löyttyniemi E, Pijnenburg D, Scheinin M. Gene expression profiles and signaling mechanisms in α 2B-adrenoceptor-evoked proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2017; 11:65. [PMID: 28659168 PMCID: PMC5490158 DOI: 10.1186/s12918-017-0439-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND α2-adrenoceptors are important regulators of vascular tone and blood pressure. Regulation of cell proliferation is a less well investigated consequence of α2-adrenoceptor activation. We have previously shown that α2B-adrenoceptor activation stimulates proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). This may be important for blood vessel development and plasticity and for the pathology and therapeutics of cardiovascular disorders. The underlying cellular mechanisms have remained mostly unknown. This study explored pathways of regulation of gene expression and intracellular signaling related to α2B-adrenoceptor-evoked VSMC proliferation. RESULTS The cellular mechanisms and signaling pathways of α2B-adrenoceptor-evoked proliferation of VSMCs are complex and include redundancy. Functional enrichment analysis and pathway analysis identified differentially expressed genes associated with α2B-adrenoceptor-regulated VSMC proliferation. They included the upregulated genes Egr1, F3, Ptgs2 and Serpine1 and the downregulated genes Cx3cl1, Cav1, Rhoa, Nppb and Prrx1. The most highly upregulated gene, Lypd8, represents a novel finding in the VSMC context. Inhibitor library screening and kinase activity profiling were applied to identify kinases in the involved signaling pathways. Putative upstream kinases identified by two different screens included PKC, Raf-1, Src, the MAP kinases p38 and JNK and the receptor tyrosine kinases EGFR and HGF/HGFR. As a novel finding, the Src family kinase Lyn was also identified as a putative upstream kinase. CONCLUSIONS α2B-adrenoceptors may mediate their pro-proliferative effects in VSMCs by promoting the activity of bFGF and PDGF and the growth factor receptors EGFR, HGFR and VEGFR-1/2. The Src family kinase Lyn was also identified as a putative upstream kinase. Lyn is known to be expressed in VSMCs and has been identified as an important regulator of GPCR trafficking and GPCR effects on cell proliferation. Identified Ser/Thr kinases included several PKC isoforms and the β-adrenoceptor kinases 1 and 2. Cross-talk between the signaling mechanisms involved in α2B-adrenoceptor-evoked VSMC proliferation thus appears to involve PKC activation, subsequent changes in gene expression, transactivation of EGFR, and modulation of kinase activities and growth factor-mediated signaling. While many of the identified individual signals were relatively small in terms of effect size, many of them were validated by combining pathway analysis and our integrated screening approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Huhtinen
- Department of Pharmacology, Drug Development and Therapeutics, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Vesa Hongisto
- Toxicology Division, Misvik Biology Oy, Turku, Finland
| | - Asta Laiho
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Eliisa Löyttyniemi
- Department of Biostatistics, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Dirk Pijnenburg
- PamGene International BV, Wolvenhoek 10, 5211HH s’Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands
| | - Mika Scheinin
- Department of Pharmacology, Drug Development and Therapeutics, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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Wang F, Zhan R, Chen L, Dai X, Wang W, Guo R, Li X, Li Z, Wang L, Huang S, Shen J, Li S, Cao C. RhoA promotes epidermal stem cell proliferation via PKN1-cyclin D1 signaling. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172613. [PMID: 28222172 PMCID: PMC5319766 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Epidermal stem cells (ESCs) play a critical role in wound healing, but the mechanism underlying ESC proliferation is not well defined. Here, we explore the effects of RhoA on ESC proliferation and the possible underlying mechanism. METHODS Human ESCs were enriched by rapid adhesion to collagen IV. RhoA(+/+)(G14V), RhoA(-/-)(T19N) and pGFP control plasmids were transfected into human ESCs. The effect of RhoA on cell proliferation was detected by cell proliferation and DNA synthesis assays. Induction of PKN1 activity by RhoA was determined by immunoblot analysis, and the effects of PKN1 on RhoA in terms of inducing cell proliferation and cyclin D1 expression were detected using specific siRNA targeting PKN1. The effects of U-46619 (a RhoA agonist) and C3 transferase (a RhoA antagonist) on ESC proliferation were observed in vivo. RESULTS RhoA had a positive effect on ESC proliferation, and PKN1 activity was up-regulated by the active RhoA mutant (G14V) and suppressed by RhoA T19N. Moreover, the ability of RhoA to promote ESC proliferation and DNA synthesis was interrupted by PKN1 siRNA. Additionally, cyclin D1 protein and mRNA expression levels were up-regulated by RhoA G14V, and these effects were inhibited by siRNA-mediated knock-down of PKN1. RhoA also promoted ESC proliferation via PKN in vivo. CONCLUSION This study shows that the effect of RhoA on ESC proliferation is mediated by activation of the PKN1-cyclin D1 pathway in vitro, suggesting that RhoA may serve as a new therapeutic target for wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Wang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Southwestern Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Rixing Zhan
- School of Nursing, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Southwestern Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xia Dai
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Southwestern Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenping Wang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Southwestern Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Rui Guo
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Southwestern Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoge Li
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Southwestern Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhe Li
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Southwestern Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Southwestern Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shupeng Huang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Southwestern Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Southwestern Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shirong Li
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Southwestern Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- * E-mail: (LS); (CC)
| | - Chuan Cao
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Southwestern Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- * E-mail: (LS); (CC)
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Hanouni M, Bernal G, McBride S, Narvaez VRF, Ibe BO. Hypoxia and hyperoxia potentiate PAF receptor-mediated effects in newborn ovine pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells: significance in oxygen therapy of PPHN. Physiol Rep 2016; 4:4/12/e12840. [PMID: 27354543 PMCID: PMC4923239 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelet-activating factor (PAF) acting via its receptor (PAFR) is implicated in the pathogenesis of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN). Effects of long-term oxygen therapy on newborn lung are not well understood; therefore, we studied the effect of oxygen tension on ovine newborn pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (NBPASMC). Our global hypothesis is that PPHN results from failure of newborn lamb pulmonary system to downregulate PAFR activity or to upregulate vasodilatory cyclic nucleotides (Cnucs) activity. NBPASMC from newborns 6-12 days old were studied in vitro at three different oxygen tensions (pO2, [Torr]: hypoxia, <40; normoxia, 80-100; and hyperoxia, >100 Torr often clinically imposed upon newborns with PPHN) PAFR- and Cnucs mediated effects were determined. PAFR and PKA Cα mRNA expression as well as prostacyclin, thromboxane, cAMP production, and DNA synthesis was studied to assess PAFR-mediated hypertrophy and/or hyperplasia. Hypoxia and hyperoxia increased specific PAFR binding. PAF treatment during hyperoxia increased PAFR gene, but decreased PKA-Cα gene expression. Hypoxia and hyperoxia increased NBPASMC proliferation via PAFR signaling. Baseline prostacyclin level was ninefold greater than in fetal PASMC, whereas baseline thromboxane was sevenfold less suggesting greater postnatal cyclooxygenase activity in NBPASMC PAF decreased, while forskolin and 8-Br-cAMP increased cAMP production. Decrease of PAFR effects by Cnucs indicates that normal newborn PA physiology favors vasodilator pathways to minimize PAF-induced hypertrophy or hyperplasia. We speculate that failure of newborn lung to anchor downregulation of vasoconstrictors with upregulation of vasodilators leads to PPHN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Hanouni
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California
| | - Gilberto Bernal
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California
| | - Shaemion McBride
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California
| | - Vincent Reginald F Narvaez
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California
| | - Basil O Ibe
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California
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Mechanism by which nuclear factor-kappa beta (NF-kB) regulates ovine fetal pulmonary vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2015; 4:11-8. [PMID: 26966681 PMCID: PMC4777924 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2015.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelet activating factor (PAF) modulates ovine fetal pulmonary hemodynamic. PAF acts through its receptors (PAFR) in pulmonary vascular smooth muscle cells (PVSMC) to phosphorylate and induce nuclear translocation of NF-kB p65 leading to PVSMC proliferation. However, the interaction of NF-kB p65 and PAF in the nuclear domain to effect PVSMC cell growth is not clearly defined. We used siRNA-dependent translation initiation arrest to study a mechanism by which NF-kB p65 regulates PAF stimulation of PVSMC proliferation. Our hypotheses are: (a) PAF induces NF-kB p65 DNA binding and (b) NF-kB p65 siRNA attenuates PAF stimulation of PVSMC proliferation. For DNA binding, cells were fed 10 nM PAF with and without PAFR antagonists WEB 2170, CV 3988 or BN 52021 and incubated for 12 h. DNA binding was measured by specific ELISA. For NF-kB p65 siRNA effect, starved cells transfected with the siRNA were incubated for 24 h with and without 10 nM PAF. Cell proliferation was measured by DNA synthesis while expression of NF-kB p65 and PAFR protein was measured by Western blotting. In both studies, the effect of 10% FBS alone was used as the positive control. In general, PAF stimulated DNA binding which was inhibited by PAFR antagonists. siRNAs to NF-kB p65 and PAFR significantly attenuated cell proliferation compared to 10% FBS and PAF effect. Inclusion of PAF in siRNA-treated cells did not reverse inhibitory effect of NF-kB p65 siRNA on DNA synthesis. PAFR expression was inhibited in siRNA-treated cells. These data show that PAF-stimulation of PVSMC proliferation occurs via a PAFR-NF-kB p65 linked pathway.
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Shida-Sakazume T, Endo-Sakamoto Y, Unozawa M, Fukumoto C, Shimada K, Kasamatsu A, Ogawara K, Yokoe H, Shiiba M, Tanzawa H, Uzawa K. Lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase1 overexpression promotes oral squamous cell carcinoma progression via enhanced biosynthesis of platelet-activating factor. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120143. [PMID: 25803864 PMCID: PMC4372572 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The relevance of lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase1 (LPCAT1), a cytosolic enzyme in the remodeling pathway of phosphatidylcholine metabolism, in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is unknown. We investigated LPCAT1 expression and its functional mechanism in OSCCs. Methods We analyzed LPCAT1 mRNA and protein expression levels in OSCC-derived cell lines. Immunohistochemistry was performed to identify correlations between LPCAT1 expression levels and primary OSCCs clinicopathological status. We established LPCAT1 knockdown models of the OSCC-derived cell lines (SAS, Ca9-22) for functional analysis and examined the association between LPCAT1 expression and the platelet-activating factor (PAF) concentration and PAF-receptor (PAFR) expression. Results LPCAT1 mRNA and protein were up-regulated significantly (p<0.05) in OSCC-derived cell lines compared with human normal oral keratinocytes. Immunohistochemistry showed significantly (p<0.05) elevated LPCAT1 expression in primary OSCCs compared with normal counterparts and a strong correlation between LPCAT1-positive OSCCs and tumoral size and regional lymph node metastasis. In LPCAT1 knockdown cells, cellular proliferation and invasiveness decreased significantly (p<0.05); cellular migration was inhibited compared with control cells. Down-regulation of LPCAT1 resulted in a decreased intercellular PAF concentration and PAFR expression. Conclusion LPCAT1 was overexpressed in OSCCs and correlated with cellular invasiveness and migration. LPCAT1 may contribute to tumoral growth and metastasis in oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi Shida-Sakazume
- Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yosuke Endo-Sakamoto
- Department of Dentistry and Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Motoharu Unozawa
- Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Chonji Fukumoto
- Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ken Shimada
- Department of Dentistry and Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kasamatsu
- Department of Dentistry and Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Katsunori Ogawara
- Department of Dentistry and Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Yokoe
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Research Institute, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Masashi Shiiba
- Department of Medical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hideki Tanzawa
- Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Dentistry and Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Uzawa
- Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Dentistry and Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
- * E-mail:
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