CDK5RAP3, an essential regulator of checkpoint, interacts with RPL26 and maintains the stability of cell growth

Nuclear translocation of CDK5RAP3 regulated by NXF3 promotes the progression of gastric cancer

BACKGROUND

Nuclear-cytoplasmic transport proteins (NCTPs) impact the transport of proteins and RNA molecules between the nucleus and cytoplasm in tumor cells, making them promising targets for cancer therapy. Currently, the molecular mechanism and function of Nuclear RNA export factor 3 (NXF3) in gastric cancer (GC) remains unclear.

METHODS

We used Univariate Cox regression analysis and LASSO regression analysis, Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves to construct and evaluate a NCTP prognosis risk scoring model (NCTP model). Moreover, we identified the key NCTP (NXF3) affecting GC through differential expression and prognosis analysis. Subsequently, we introduced NXF3 shRNA into GC cells to investigate the impact of NXF3 on the cell proliferation, cell migration, invasion, and cell cycle and apoptosis and tumor growth by CCK-8 assay, transwell, wound healing assay, Flow cytometry, and nude mice subcutaneous tumor in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we investigated the key molecules influenced by NXF3 through piRNA-Seq, RNA-Seq, RIP-Seq, IP-MS, and Nuclear-cytoplasmic transcriptomics.

RESULTS

We constructed a prognostic risk model related to 3 NCTPs, including NXF3, GLE1 and RANGAP. The NCTP model effectively predicts the prognosis of GC patients. The low-risk group exhibited a significantly higher overall survival rate than that of the high-risk group. Notably, NXF3 is identified as a crucial NCTP in GC, and its high expression is associated with poor prognosis of GC patients. Knocking down of NXF3 significantly inhibited the proliferation, invasion, migration, cell cycle, tumor growth and induced cell apoptosis of GC cells in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, NXF3 modulates the cell cycle, cellular senescence related oncogenic pathways via piRNA-target network. Specifically, our findings highlighted several piRNA-related signaling pathways in GC, such as piRNA_3457319-CCND1/CDKN1A-p53, piRNA_2847077-TGFB3/TGFBR2-Cellular senescence, piRNA_448895-IGF1/PDGFRA/ACTB/MAP2K6-Rap1. Moreover, NXF3 was shown to facilitate the nuclear export of CDK5RAP3 mRNA, thereby promoting cell cycle progression and increasing cancer cell proliferation in gastric cancer.

CONCLUSION

Our study demonstrates that NXF3 modulates cell cycle progression and promotes gastric cancer development through piRNA-related pathways and the nuclear export of CDK5RAP3 mRNA. Targeting NXF3 represents a promising strategy for developing novel therapeutic approaches for gastric cancer.

Predictive performance of a centrosome-associated prognostic model in prognosis and immunotherapy of lung adenocarcinoma

In recent years, mounting investigations have highlighted the pivotal role of centrosomes in cancer progression. In this study, we employed bioinformatics and statistics to establish a 13-centrosome-associated gene prognostic model for lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) utilizing transcriptomic data from TCGA. Based on the Riskscore, patients were stratified into high- and low-risk groups. Through survival analysis and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, our model demonstrated a consistent and robust prognostic capacity, which was further validated using the GEO database. Univariate/multivariate Cox regression analyses identified our model as an independent prognostic factor for LUAD patients. Subsequently, immunoinfiltration analysis showed that immune cell infiltration levels of aDCs, iDCs, Mast cells, and Neutrophils, as well as immune functionalities such as HLA, Type I IFN Response and Type II IFN Response, were markedly reduced in the high-risk group compared to the low-risk group. Finally, we conducted a drug screening to identify potential treatments for patients with different prognoses. We utilized the GDSC database and molecular docking techniques to identify small molecule compounds targeting the prognostic genes. In conclusion, our prognostic model exhibits robust and reliable predictive capability, and it may have important clinical implications in guiding treatment decisions for LUAD patients.

Cardioprotective potential of tectochrysin against vanadium induced heart damage via regulating NLRP3, JAK1/STAT3 and NF-κB pathway

BACKGROUND

Vanadium (VAN) is a significant trace element, but its higher exposure is reported to cause severe organ toxicity. Tectochrysin (TEC) is a naturally derived flavonoid which demonstrates a wide range of pharmacological properties.

AIM

The current study was planned to assess the cardioprotective potential of TEC against VAN induced cardiotoxicity in rats via regulating biochemical, and histological profile.

RESEARCH PLAN

Thirty-six male Sprague Dawley rats were apportioned into four groups including the control, VAN (1.5 mg/kg) treated, VAN (1.5 mg/kg) + TEC (2.5 mg/kg) administrated as well as TEC (2.5 mg/kg) alone supplemented group. The doses were administrated for 28 days through oral gavage. The biochemical and histological parameters were evaluated by using qRT-PCR, ELISA, biochemical assays, histological as well as molecular simulation techniques.

FINDINGS

VAN intoxication reduced the activities of catalase (CAT) (84.25 %), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) (65.28 %), glutathione reductase (GSR) (78.52 %), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) (81.81 %), superoxide dismutase (SOD) (83.71 %) and glutathione (GSH) (76.86 %) contents while upregulating the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) (87.26 %) and malondialdehyde (MDA) (91.32 %). Moreover, VAN administration increased the gene expressions of nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich-containing family, pyrin domain-containing-3 (NLRP3) (91.47 %), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) (92.51 %), interleukin-6 (IL-6) (83.63 %), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) (89.43 %), janus kinase 1 (JAK1) (95.55 %), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) (91.25 %), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) (81.31 %), interleukin-18 (IL-18) (93.27 %), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) (85.79 %) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) (82.12 %). The levels of CK-MB (89.43 %), BNP (91.73 %), NT-proBNP (93.64 %), CPK (87.56 %), LDH (92.62 %), troponin I (94.25 %), troponin T (97.53 %) and CRP (88.45 %) were increased following the VAN intoxication. Besides, VAN exposure upregulated the levels of Caspase-9 (89.52 %), Bax (95.52 %) and Caspase-3 (92.52 %) while reducing the levels of Bcl-2 (75.66 %). The structural integrity of cardiac tissues was extensively disrupted following VAN-induced intoxication. However, TEC treatment remarkably ameliorated cardiotoxicity via regulating abovementioned dysregulations induced by VAN exposure. At the end, molecular docking (MD) analysis was accomplished to confirm the potential protective effect of TEC against VAN prompted cardiac dysfunction. It was detected that TEC can strongly bind with the active site of JAK1, NF-kB and STAT3 which also confirm its cardioprotective effect against VAN provoked cardiac dysfunction.

CONCLUSION

VAN intoxication instigated cardiac impairments which is evident by dysregulations in biochemical as well as histological profile of cardiac tissues. Nonetheless, TEC treatment remarkably protected the cardiac tissues via regulating oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis. TEC could be employed as cardioprotective agent against VAN induced cardiotoxicity.

CDK5RAP3, a key defender of udder, modulates NLRP3 inflammasome activation by regulating autophagolysosome degradation in S. agalactiae-infected mastitis

Streptococcus agalactiae, as one of the main pathogens of clinical and subclinical mastitis, affects animal welfare and leads to huge economic losses to farms due to the sharp decline in milk yield. However, both the real pathogenic mechanisms of S. agalactiae-induced mastitis and the regulator which controls the inflammation and autophagy are largely unknown. Served as a substrate of ubiquitin-like proteins of E3 ligase, CDK5RAP3 is widely involved in the regulation of multiple signaling pathways. Our findings revealed that CDK5RAP3 was significantly down-regulated in mastitis infected by S. agalactiae. Surprisingly, inflammasome activation was triggered by CDK5RAP3 knockdown: up-regulated NLRP3, IL1β and IL6, and cleaved caspase1 promoting by NF-κB, thereby resulting in pyroptosis. Additionally, the accumulation of autophagy markers (LC3B and p62) after CDK5RAP3 knockdown suggested that the autophagolysosome degradation pathway was inhibited, thereby activating the NF-κB pathway and NLRP3 inflammasome. Hence, our findings suggest that downregulation or ablation of CDK5RAP3 inhibits autophagolysosome degradation, causes inflammation by activating the NF-κB /NLRP3 inflammasome, and triggers cell death. In conclusion, CDK5RAP3 holds the key to understanding the interaction between autophagy and immune responses, its anti-inflammatory role in this study will throw new light on the clinical drug discovery to cure S. agalactiae mastitis.

Stem Cell-Based Therapeutic Strategies for Premature Ovarian Insufficiency and Infertility: A Focus on Aging

Reproductive aging is on the rise globally and inseparable from the entire aging process. An extreme form of reproductive aging is premature ovarian insufficiency (POI), which to date has mostly been of idiopathic etiology, thus hampering further clinical applications and associated with enormous socioeconomic and personal costs. In the field of reproduction, the important functional role of inflammation-induced ovarian deterioration and therapeutic strategies to prevent ovarian aging and increase its function are current research hotspots. This review discusses the general pathophysiology and relative causes of POI and comprehensively describes the association between the aging features of POI and infertility. Next, various preclinical studies of stem cell therapies with potential for POI treatment and their molecular mechanisms are described, with particular emphasis on the use of human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) technology in the current scenario. Finally, the progress made in the development of hiPSC technology as a POI research tool for engineering more mature and functional organoids suitable as an alternative therapy to restore infertility provides new insights into therapeutic vulnerability, and perspectives on this exciting research on stem cells and the derived exosomes towards more effective POI diagnosis and treatment are also discussed.

Nrf2 Activation and NF-Kb & caspase/bax signaling inhibition by sodium butyrate alleviates LPS-induced cell injury in bovine mammary epithelial cells

Mastitis, an inflammation of the mammary gland, is a complex disease that affects the health of dairy cows worldwide. Sodium butyrate (SB) is a short-chain fatty acid that has recently been shown to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic potential in various cells types, although its role in bovine mammary epithelial cells (bMECs) has not been comprehensively reported. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the protective effect of sodium butyrate on Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced mastitis model in vitro and to elucidate the possible underlying molecular mechanisms. The in vitro mastitis model was designed to investigate the regulatory effect of SB on LPS-induced inflammatory conditions in bMECs, with particular emphasis on oxidative stress, inflammatory response, apoptosis, and mitochondrial dysfunction. The results showed that SB co-treatment markedly prevented LPS-induced death of bMECs in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, SB attenuated LPS-induced oxidative stress (OS) (Increased Intracellular ROS, MDA, and decreased SOD, GSH-Px and CAT activity), thereby reduced inflammation (increased expression of IL-6, IL-Iβ, and TNF-α), and apoptosis (Increased the expression of caspases and Bax and decreased Bcl-2) via inhibiting NF-kB and caspase/bax signaling pathways. Furthermore, the protective effect of SB was also associated with the activation of endogenous antioxidant system (Nrf2, Keap1, NQO-1 and HO-1). Nrf2 silencing significantly abolished the protective effect of SB on bMECs. In conclusion, our findings suggest that SB has a significant protective effect on LPS-induced OS, inflammatory responses and apoptosis by activating Nrf2 and inhibiting NF-kB and ROS-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction. These results propose that SB may be an important regulator of OS and its subsequent inflammatory responses, and thus could be used as a therapeutic agent for bovine mastitis.