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Ghadiri M, Krawchenko T, Newell R. Applying a climate-biodiversity-health framework to support integrated food systems planning and policy. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 358:120769. [PMID: 38599082 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Food systems impact different aspects of sustainability and human life, such as pollution, health, climate change, biodiversity loss, water shortage, and soil infertility. However, in many places, food systems are neither resilient nor sustainable. Integrated planning approaches can help to overcome fragmented strategies and policies in ways that improve the sustainability and resilience of food systems. This study explores such an approach by applying a climate-biodiversity-health (CBH) nexus to local and regional food systems in the Comox Valley region, British Columbia, Canada. The CBH nexus is used as an analytical lens to identify systems relationships among food systems, climate change, biodiversity and health issues and strategies in the region. The employs a place-based approach entailing semi-structured interviews with provincial, regional, and local stakeholders in order to develop a holistic understanding of planning challenges, strategies and their outcomes through the CBH lens. Outcomes of this work include a system map that can be used as a framework for elucidating how various strategies align or conflict with different CBH imperatives and can be used to support integrated community sustainability planning and policy-making efforts. The framework is developed within the Comox Valley context, but it can be adapted to other communities. This paper details the development of this framework, the interconnections between different components, and how this framework can be adopted in other communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohaddese Ghadiri
- School of Public Administration, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada; School of Environment and Sustainability, Royal Roads University, Victoria, BC, Canada.
| | - Tamara Krawchenko
- School of Public Administration, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Robert Newell
- School of Environment and Sustainability, Royal Roads University, Victoria, BC, Canada
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Flamm RO, Braunsberger K. Systems thinking to operationalize knowledge‐to‐action in fish and wildlife agencies. CONSERVATION SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/csp2.12774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Owen Flamm
- Florida Fish & Wildlife Research Institute Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservation Commission Tallahassee Florida USA
| | - Karin Braunsberger
- Center for Entrepreneurship, Muma College of Business University of South Florida Tampa Florida USA
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Specht H, Golding JD, Pero EM, Crane MT, Ortiz‐Calo W, McDevitt MC, Karlen JG, Branch JV, Hansen CP, Millspaugh JJ. A framework for evaluating the implications of assumptions in broad conservation strategies. CONSERVATION SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/csp2.12758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Specht
- W.A. Franke College of Forestry and Conservation Missoula Montana USA
| | - Jessie D. Golding
- W.A. Franke College of Forestry and Conservation Missoula Montana USA
| | - Ellen M. Pero
- W.A. Franke College of Forestry and Conservation Missoula Montana USA
| | - Madison T. Crane
- W.A. Franke College of Forestry and Conservation Missoula Montana USA
| | | | - Molly C. McDevitt
- W.A. Franke College of Forestry and Conservation Missoula Montana USA
| | | | - J. Vaughan Branch
- W.A. Franke College of Forestry and Conservation Missoula Montana USA
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Teel TL, Bruyere B, Dayer A, Stoner KE, Bishop C, Bruskotter J, Freeman S, Newmark J, Jager C, Manfredo MJ. Reenvisioning the university education needs of wildlife conservation professionals in the United States. CONSERVATION SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/csp2.610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tara L. Teel
- Department of Human Dimensions of Natural Resources Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado USA
| | - Brett Bruyere
- Department of Human Dimensions of Natural Resources Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado USA
| | - Ashley Dayer
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg Virginia USA
| | - Kathryn E. Stoner
- Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado USA
| | - Chad Bishop
- Wildlife Biology Program, W. A. Franke College of Forestry and Conservation University of Montana Missoula Montana USA
| | - Jeremy Bruskotter
- School of Environment and Natural Resources The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio USA
| | - Stephanie Freeman
- Department of Recreation, Park and Tourism Management The Pennsylvania State University University Park Pennsylvania USA
| | | | - Corey Jager
- Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation Oklahoma City Oklahoma USA
| | - Michael J. Manfredo
- Department of Human Dimensions of Natural Resources Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado USA
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Browne C, Ronis EM, Miller JRB, Kapetanakos Y, Gibbs S, Hendrix T, Carlson Bremer D. Systems Approaches to Combating Wildlife Trafficking: Expanding Existing Frameworks to Facilitate Cross-Disciplinary Collaboration. FRONTIERS IN CONSERVATION SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fcosc.2021.698666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Wildlife trafficking is a complex conservation issue that threatens thousands of species around the world and, in turn, negatively affects biodiversity and human well-being. It occurs in varied social-ecological contexts; includes numerous and diverse actors along the source-transit-destination trade chain, who are involved in illicit and often covert human behaviors driven by interacting social, economic, cultural, and political factors; and involves numerous stakeholders comprising multiple sectors and disciplines. Such wicked problems can be difficult to define and usually lack simple, clear solutions. Systems thinking is a way to understand and address complex issues such as wildlife trafficking and requires multisectoral, cross-disciplinary collaboration to comprehensively understand today's increasingly complex problems and develop holistic and novel solutions. We review methods utilized to date to combat wildlife trafficking and discuss their strengths and limitations. Next, we describe the continuum of cross-disciplinarity and present two frameworks for understanding complex environmental issues, including the illegal trade in wildlife, that can facilitate collaboration across sectors and disciplines. The Open Standards for the Practice of Conservation provides guidance and tools for defining complex social-ecological systems and identifying strategic points of intervention. One Health focuses on the nexus of human, wildlife, and environmental health, and can provide a framework to address concerns around human-wildlife interactions, including those associated with the illegal wildlife trade. Finally, we provide recommendations for expanding these and similar frameworks to better support communication, learning, and collaboration in cross-disciplinary efforts aimed at addressing international wildlife trafficking and its intersections with other complex, global conservation issues.
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Rieder E, Larson LR, 't Sas-Rolfes M, Kopainsky B. Using Participatory System Dynamics Modeling to Address Complex Conservation Problems: Tiger Farming as a Case Study. FRONTIERS IN CONSERVATION SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fcosc.2021.696615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Conservation practitioners routinely work within complex social-ecological systems to address threats facing biodiversity and to promote positive human-wildlife interactions. Inadequate understanding of the direct and indirect, short- and long-term consequences of decision making within these dynamic systems can lead to misdiagnosed problems and interventions with perverse outcomes, exacerbating conflict. Participatory system dynamics (SD) modeling is a process that encourages stakeholder engagement, synthesizes research and knowledge, increases trust and consensus and improves transdisciplinary collaboration to solve these complex types of problems. Tiger conservation exemplifies a set of interventions in a complex social-ecological system. Wild tigers remain severely threatened by various factors, including habitat constraints, human-wildlife conflict, and persistent consumer demand for their body parts. Opinions differ on whether commercial captive tiger facilities reduce or increase the threat from poaching for trade, resulting in policy conflict among diverse stakeholder groups. This paper explains how we are working with international conservation partners in a virtual environment to utilize a participatory SD modeling approach with the goal of better understanding and promoting coexistence of humans and wild tigers. We highlight a step-by-step process that others might use to apply participatory SD modeling to address similar conservation challenges, building trust and consensus among diverse partners to reduce conflict and improve the efficacy of conservation interventions.
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Wong EP, Campos-Arceiz A, Zulaikha N, Chackrapani P, Quilter AG, de la Torre JA, Solana-Mena A, Tan WH, Ong L, Rusli MA, Sinha S, Ponnusamy V, Lim TW, Or OC, Aziz AF, Hii N, Tan ASL, Wadey J, Loke VPW, Zawawi A, Idris MM, Abdul Patah P, Abdul Rahman MT, Saaban S. Living With Elephants: Evidence-Based Planning to Conserve Wild Elephants in a Megadiverse South East Asian Country. FRONTIERS IN CONSERVATION SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fcosc.2021.682590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Theory of Change (ToC) and Social Return of Investment (SROI) are planning tools that help projects craft strategic approaches in order to create the most impact. In 2018, the Management & Ecology of Malaysian Elephants (MEME) carried out planning exercises using these tools to develop an Asian elephant conservation project with agriculture communities. First, a problem tree was constructed together with stakeholders, with issues arranged along a cause-and-effect continuum. There were 17 main issues identified, ranging from habitat connectivity and fragmentation, to the lack of tolerance toward wild elephants. All issues ultimately stemmed from a human mindset that favors human-centric development. The stakeholders recognize the need to extend conservation efforts beyond protected areas and move toward coexistence with agriculture communities for the survival of the wild elephants. We mapped previous Human-Elephant Conflict (HEC) management methods and other governmental policies in Malaysia against the problem tree, and provided an overview of the different groups of stakeholders. The ToC was developed and adapted for each entity, while including Asian elephants as a stakeholder in the project. From the SROI estimation, we extrapolated the intrinsic value of the wild Asian elephant population in Johor, Malaysia, to be conservatively worth at least MYR 7.3 million (USD 1.8 million) per year. From the overall calculations, the potential SROI value of the project is 18.96 within 5 years, meaning for every ringgit invested in the project, it generates MYR 18.96 (USD 4.74) worth of social return value. There are caveats with using these value estimations outside of the SROI context, which was thoroughly discussed. The SROI provides projects with the ability to justify to funders the social return values of its activities, which we have adapted to include the intrinsic value of an endangered megafauna. Moreover, SROI encourages projects to consider unintended impacts (i.e., replacement, displacement, and deadweight), and acknowledge contributions from stakeholders. The development of the problem tree and ToC via SROI approach, can help in clarifying priorities and encourage thinking out of the box. For this case study, we presented the thinking process, full framework and provided evidences to support the Theory of Change.
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Salerno J, Romulo C, Galvin KA, Brooks J, Mupeta‐Muyamwa P, Glew L. Adaptation and evolution of institutions and governance in community‐based conservation. CONSERVATION SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/csp2.355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Salerno
- Department of Human Dimensions of Natural Resources, Graduate Degree Program in Ecology Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado USA
| | - Chelsie Romulo
- Department of Geography, GIS, and Sustainability University of Northern Colorado Greeley Colorado USA
| | - Kathleen A Galvin
- Department of Anthropology and Geography, The Africa Center Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado USA
| | - Jeremy Brooks
- School of Environment and Natural Resources Ohio State University Columbus Ohio USA
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Gonzales Tovar J, Sarmiento Barletti JP, Larson AM, Barnes G, Tucker CM. Can multistakeholder forums empower indigenous and local communities and promote forest conservation? A comparative analysis of territorial planning in two Brazilian states with contrasting contexts. CONSERVATION SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/csp2.326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anne M. Larson
- Center for International Forestry Research Bogor Barat Indonesia
| | - Grenville Barnes
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation University of Florida Gainesville Florida USA
| | - Catherine M. Tucker
- Center for Latin American Studies University of Florida Gainesville Florida USA
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Mahajan SL, Jagadish A, Glew L, Ahmadia G, Becker H, Fidler RY, Jeha L, Mills M, Cox C, DeMello N, Harborne AR, Masuda YJ, McKinnon MC, Painter M, Wilkie D, Mascia MB. A theory‐based framework for understanding the establishment, persistence, and diffusion of community‐based conservation. CONSERVATION SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/csp2.299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shauna L. Mahajan
- Global Science World Wildlife Fund Washington District of Columbia USA
| | - Arundhati Jagadish
- The Betty and Gordon Moore Center for Science Conservation International Arlington Virginia USA
| | - Louise Glew
- Global Science World Wildlife Fund Washington District of Columbia USA
| | - Gabby Ahmadia
- Ocean Conservation World Wildlife Fund Washington District of Columbia USA
| | - Hannah Becker
- Department of Conservation Science & Design Fauna & Flora International Cambridge UK
| | - Robert Y. Fidler
- Institute of Environment and Department of Biological Sciences Florida International University North Miami Florida USA
| | - Lena Jeha
- Department of Conservation Science & Design Fauna & Flora International Cambridge UK
| | - Morena Mills
- Centre for Environmental Policy Imperial College London London UK
| | - Courtney Cox
- Department of Fish Forever Rare Conservation Arlington Virginia USA
| | - Nicole DeMello
- Department of Global Science The Nature Conservancy Arlington Virginia USA
| | - Alastair R. Harborne
- Institute of Environment and Department of Biological Sciences Florida International University North Miami Florida USA
| | - Yuta J. Masuda
- Department of Global Science The Nature Conservancy Arlington Virginia USA
| | | | | | - David Wilkie
- Wildlife Conservation Society Bronx New York USA
| | - Michael B. Mascia
- The Betty and Gordon Moore Center for Science Conservation International Arlington Virginia USA
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