Worldwide Distribution of Four SNPs in X-Ray and Repair and Cross-Complementing Group 1 (XRCC1)

Treatments against Polymorphosal discrepancies in Glioblastoma Multiforme

Glioblastoma (GB) are aggressive tumors that obstruct normal brain function. While the skull cannot expand in response to cancer growth, the growing pressure in the brain is generally the first sign. It can produce more frequent headaches, unexplained nausea or vomiting, blurred peripheral vision, double vision, a loss of feeling or movement in an arm or leg, and difficulty speaking and concentrating; all depend on the tumor's location. GB can also cause vascular thrombi, damaging endothelial cells and leading to red blood cell leakage. Latest studies have revealed the role of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in developing and spreading cancers such as GB and breast cancer. Many discovered SNPs are associated with GB, particularly in great abundance in the promoter region, creating polygenetic vulnerability to glioma. This study aims to compile a list of some of the most frequent and significant SNPs implicated with GB formation and proliferation.

The role of phase I, phase II, and DNA-repair gene polymorphisms in the damage induced by formaldehyde in pathologists

Formaldehyde (FA) is a human carcinogen used as formalin in hospital laboratories. We evaluated its association with human chromosomal aberrations (CAs) and the risk/protective role played by several genetic polymorphisms in this relationship, on a cohort of 57 exposed pathologists vs 48 controls. All subjects were assessed for CAs on peripheral blood lymphocytes and genotyped for the most common cancer-associated gene polymorphisms which could be related with the genotoxic outcome: CYP1A1 exon 7 (A>G), CYP1A1*2A (T>C), CYP2C19*2 (G>A), GSTT1 (Positive/Null), GSTM1 (Positive/null), GSTP1 (A>G), XRCC1 (G399A), XRCC1 (C194T), XRCC1 (A280G), XPD (A751C), XPC exon 15 (A939C), XPC exon 9 (C499T), TNFα - 308 (G>A), IL10 - 1082 (G>A), IL10 - 819 (C>T) and IL6 - 174 (G>C). Air-FA concentration was assessed through personal samplers. The comparison between pathologists and controls showed a significantly higher CAs frequency in pathologists. Significant positive correlations were found between CAs frequency and air-FA concentration while significant associations were found between variation in CAs frequency and the mutated allele for CYP1A1 exon 7 (A>G), CYP2C19*2 (G>A), GSTT1-positive, GSTM1-positive and XRCC1 (G399A). Our study confirms the role of FA as genotoxicity inductor, even in workers chronically exposed to low air-FA levels and reveals the role played by some genetic polymorphisms in this association, highlighting the importance of individual susceptibility biomarkers assessment in occupational health studies.

Genetic polymorphisms in DNA repair genes XRCC1 and 3 are associated with increased risk of breast cancer in Bangladeshi population

BACKGROUND

Genetic polymorphisms in DNA repair genes, XRCC1 (Arg399Gln) and XRCC3 (Thr241Met), may affect their DNA repair capacity leading to individual variation in breast cancer susceptibility among Bangladeshi females.

METHODS

The case-control study comprised 121 breast cancer patients and 133 healthy controls. Genomic DNA isolated from peripheral blood was genotyped for target SNPs using PCR-RFLP method.

RESULTS

For XRCC1, heterozygous Arg/Gln and homozygous Gln/Gln genotypes showed 1.78-fold (95% CI 1.0084 to 3.1442, p = 0.0467) and 2.41-fold (95% CI 1.0354 to 5.5914, p = 0.0413) increased risk of breast cancer, respectively, when compared with Arg/Arg genotype. The presence of any XRCC1 Gln showed association with 1.93-fold increased risk. The variant Gln allele was associated with increased risk of breast cancer (95% CI 1.1885 to 2.6805, p = 0.0052). For XRCC3, Thr/Met heterozygous and combined Thr/Met + Met/Met genotypes were associated with 1.85-fold (95% CI 1.0815 to 3.1834, p = 0.0248) and 1.89-fold (95% CI 1.1199 to 3.1908, p = 0.0171) higher risk, respectively, compared to Thr/Thr genotypes. The variant Met allele showed significant association with increased breast cancer susceptibility. Among cases genotype frequencies were significantly different in patients with age 55 or above, and with menopause and diabetes.

CONCLUSION

XRCC1 (Arg399Gln) and XRCC3 (Thr241Met) polymorphisms may be associated with increased breast cancer risk in Bangladeshi females.

Association between X-ray repair cross-complementing group 1 Arg399Gln polymorphism and male infertility: An update meta-analysis

Numerous studies concentrate on the association between X-ray repair cross-complementing group 1 (XRCC1) gene polymorphism and male infertility; however, the results remain inconclusive and inconsistent. Hence, this meta-analysis was conducted to get a precise estimation of the correlation. PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases were searched to identify the all relevant studies before 3 May 2020. Summary odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were used to assess the strength of the association. Finally, six studies with 1,886 cases and 1,212 controls were included in our study. The result indicated that XRCC1 Arg399Gln polymorphism was significantly associated with male infertility under allelic model (A-allele vs. G-allele: OR = 1.183, p = .003), heterozygote genetic model (AA vs. GA: OR = 1.256, p = .027), recessive genetic model (AA vs. GG + GA: OR = 1.279, p = .012) and dominant genetic model (AA + GA vs. GG: OR = 1.218, p = .026). In addition, in Asian subgroup, statistic correlation remained significant in allelic model (A-allele vs. G-allele: OR = 1.145, p = .025) with rare heterogeneity (I²  = 0%). In summary, our meta-analysis suggested that XRCC1 Arg399Gln polymorphism was significantly associated with male infertility and the A-allele might be a risk factor for this disease, especially in Asians.

MTHFR, XRCC1 and OGG1 genetic polymorphisms in breast cancer: a case-control study in a population from North Sardinia

BACKGROUND

Despite conflicting results, considerable evidence suggests the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms in MTHFR, XRCC1 and OGG1 genes and, risk of developing breast cancer. Here a case-control study is reported, including 135 breat cancer patients and 112 healthy women, all representative of Northern Sardinian population.

METHODS

Polymerase chain reaction/restriction fragment length polymorphism method was used to determine the genotypes of five polymorphisms: MTHFR C677T (rs1801133) and A1298C (rs1801131), XRCC1 Arg194Trp (rs1799782) and Arg399Gln (rs25487) and OGG1 Ser326Cys (rs1052133). Allelic, genotypic and haplotype association analyses with disease risk and clinicopathological parameters were performed.

RESULTS

A nominally significant association with breast cancer risk was observed for MTHFR C677T polymorphism heterozygous genotype in the codominant model (OR: 0.57, 95% CI: 0.32-1.00, p = 0.049) and for Cys/Cys genotype of the OGG1 Ser326Cys polymorphism in the recessive model (OR: 0.23, 95% CI: 0.05-1.11, p = 0.0465). No significant differences were found at genotype-level for A1298C polymorphism of the MTHFR gene and Arg194Trp and Arg399Gln of the XRCC1 gene. Furthermore, the OGG1 and XRCC1 rs25487 polymorphisms were nominally associated with PgR, Her2 status and with sporadic breast cancer, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

Based on genetic characteristics of individuals included in this study, results suggest that MTHFR CT and OGG1 Cys/Cys genotypes have a protective effect that may have an influence on breast cancer risk in a representative Northern Sardinian population.

Urinary 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine in relation to XRCC1 rs25487 G/A (Arg399Gln) and OGG1 rs1052133 C/G (Ser326Cys) DNA repair genes polymorphisms in patients with chronic hepatitis C and related hepatocellular carcinoma

Background and aim: DNA repair represents a protective mechanism against cell injury and cancer. 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) is the main ROS-induced DNA mutation. The current study aimed to evaluate urinary 8-OHdG levels in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) and its related hepatocellular (HCC) and correlate its level to XRCC1 rs25487 G/A and OGG1 rs1052133 C/G gene polymorphisms. Materials and methods: Urinary 8-OHdG assays were performed using HPLC technique, and XRCC1 rs25487 G/A and OGG1 rs1052133 C/G gene polymorphisms were analyzed by PCR using confronting two-pair primer method (PCR-CTPP) in 200 subjects allocated into 50 chronic HCV patients, 50 HCV-related HCC patients, and 100 controls. Results: There were significantly increased urinary 8-OHdG levels in HCV-related HCC and chronic HCV patients when compared with the controls (P<0.05 for all). Urinary 8-OHdG was associated with the tumor spread. Regarding, XRCC1 (Arg399Gln), AA (Gln/Gln) genotype and A-allele were more frequent in HCC and chronic HCV patients than in the controls (P<0.05). ORs (95%CI) using the dominant and the recessive genetic models were; 2.1 (1.1-4.1), P=0.032 and 1.9 (1-3.6), P=0.043 respectively. For OGG1 (Ser326Cys), GG (Cys/Cys) genotype and G-allele were increased significantly in chronic HCV and HCC patients compared to the controls (P<0.05). ORs (95%CI) under the dominant and the recessive genetic models were; 2.1 (1.1-4.1), P=0.032 and 1.9 (1-3.8), P=0.049 respectively. Additionally, XRCC1 (AA) and OGG1 (GG) genotypes had significantly increased urinary 8-OHdG levels among patients (P<0.05). Conclusions: XRCC1 (AA) and OGG1 (GG) could be considered as possible genotypic risk factors for HCV- related HCC development which were associated with significantly high urinary 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine levels, thus urinary 8-OHdG could be considered as non-invasive marker in follow-up chronic HCV progression into HCC.

XRCC1 rs1799782 (C194T) polymorphism correlated with tumor metastasis and molecular subtypes in breast cancer

BACKGROUND

Breast cancer, a malignant tumor with its highest incidence in women, affects physical and mental health, and can even be life-threatening. In recent years, its incidence has continued to grow, accompanied by a trend of younger onset. XRCC1 is well known as a DNA-repair gene, and its abnormal expression is related to the occurrence of various malignant tumors.

METHODS

In this study, we detected XRCC1 expression and investigated its association with the XRCC1 rs1799782 polymorphism. XRCC1 was overexpressed to investigate its effect on in breast cancer cells. CCK8 and clone formation efficiency assay were used to detect cell proliferation. Transwell assay was performed to confirm cell migration and invasion. Flow cytometry was used to detect cell apoptosis.

RESULTS

In 118 breast cancer samples, CC genotype frequency was 49.15% (58 of 118), CT genotype frequency was 42.37% (50 of 118), and TT genotype frequency was 8.48% (ten of 118). Lymphatic metastasis was associated with a higher frequency of XRCC1 rs1799782 polymorphism (P<0.05), and breast cancer patients with positive PR, HER2, and negative ER had high XRCC1 rs1799782 frequency (P<0.05). Meanwhile, XRCC1 had low expression in breast cancer (74.6%, 88 of 118) and high expression in ER-negative, PR-negative, HER2-positive and Ki67-low-expression patients. XRCC1 rs1799782 may play an important role in the development and metastasis of breast cancer. These results differ from previous studies that did not suggest that rs1799782 is effective in breast cancer. We also investigated the role of XRCC1 in breast cancer progression.

CONCLUSION

We have proved that XRCC1 can inhibit proliferation and invasion and promote apoptosis of breast cancer cells. XRCC1 expression was regulated by the JNK pathway. We found that the JNK inhibitor SP600125 significantly inhibited the growth of breast cancer cells, and consider it a potential drug for breast cancer.

DNA Repair Mechanism Gene, XRCC1A ( Arg194Trp) but not XRCC3 ( Thr241Met) Polymorphism Increased the Risk of Breast Cancer in Premenopausal Females: A Case-Control Study in Northeastern Region of India

X-ray repair cross complementary group gene is one of the most studied candidate gene involved in different types of cancers. Studies have shown that X-ray repair cross complementary genes are significantly associated with increased risk of breast cancer in females. Moreover, studies have revealed that X-ray repair cross complementary gene polymorphism significantly varies between and within different ethnic groups globally. The present case–control study was aimed to investigate the association of X-ray repair cross complementary 1A (Arg194Trp) and X-ray repair cross complementary 3 (Thr241Met) polymorphism with the risk of breast cancer in females from northeastern region of India. The present case–control study includes histopathologically confirmed and newly diagnosed 464 cases with breast cancer and 534 apparently healthy neighborhood community controls. Information on sociodemographic factors and putative risk factors were collected from each study participant by conducting face-to-face interviews. Genotyping of X-ray repair cross complementary 1A (Arg194Trp) and X-ray repair cross complementary 3 (Thr241Met) was carried out by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. For statistical analysis, both univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed. We also performed stratified analysis to find out the association of X-ray repair cross complementary genes with the risk of breast cancer stratified based on menstrual status. This study revealed that tryptophan allele (R/W-W/W genotype) in X-ray repair cross complementary 1A (Arg194Trp) gene significantly increased the risk of breast cancer (adjusted odds ratio = 1.44, 95% confidence interval = 1.06-1.97, P < .05 for R/W-W/W genotype). Moreover, it was found that tryptophan allele (W/W genotype) at codon 194 of X-ray repair cross complementary 1A (Arg194Trp) gene significantly increased the risk of breast cancer in premenopausal females (crude odds ratio = 1.66, 95% confidence interval = 1.11-2.46, P < .05 for R/W-W/W genotype). The present study did not reveal any significant association of X-ray repair cross complementary 3 (Thr241Met) polymorphism with the risk of breast cancer. The present study has explored that X-ray repair cross complementary 1A (Arg194Trp) gene polymorphism is significantly associated with the increased risk of breast cancer in premenopausal females from northeastern region of India which may be beneficial for prognostic purposes.

Association of XRCC1 Trp194 allele with risk of breast cancer, and Ki67 protein status in breast tumor tissues

OBJECTIVES

To evaluate the role of this polymorphism as a risk factor for breast cancer in Kurdish patients and to investigate the possible association between Arg194Trp x-ray repair cross-complementing group 1 (XRCC1) gene polymorphisms with clinical and histopathological outcomes of patients with breast cancer.

METHODS

A total of 100 breast cancer patients and 200 cancer-free controls in Kurdish population of Kurdistan state admitted to Tohid Hospital, Sanandaj, Kurdistan, Iran between January 2012 and May 2015 were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Tissue expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesteron receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (Her2/neu), and Ki67 were evaluated by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The Arg194Trp genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction- restriction fragment length polymorphism method. 

RESULTS

Our data showed that the risk for breast cancer increased significantly among the Trp variant of XRCC1. Statistically significant association was found between codon 194 polymorphisms and tissue expression of Ki67.

CONCLUSION

The Trp allele of codon 194 XRCC1 is a potential risk factor for breast cancer in Kurdish ethnicity. Furthermore, effect of this polymorphism on clinical and histological features of breast cancer was significant.