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Mahmoud AA, Hassan MH, Ghweil AA, Abdelrahman A, Mohammad AN, Ameen HH. Urinary 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine in relation to XRCC1 rs25487 G/A (Arg399Gln) and OGG1 rs1052133 C/G (Ser326Cys) DNA repair genes polymorphisms in patients with chronic hepatitis C and related hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:5343-5351. [PMID: 31354343 PMCID: PMC6572741 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s209112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aim: DNA repair represents a protective mechanism against cell injury and cancer. 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) is the main ROS-induced DNA mutation. The current study aimed to evaluate urinary 8-OHdG levels in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) and its related hepatocellular (HCC) and correlate its level to XRCC1 rs25487 G/A and OGG1 rs1052133 C/G gene polymorphisms. Materials and methods: Urinary 8-OHdG assays were performed using HPLC technique, and XRCC1 rs25487 G/A and OGG1 rs1052133 C/G gene polymorphisms were analyzed by PCR using confronting two-pair primer method (PCR-CTPP) in 200 subjects allocated into 50 chronic HCV patients, 50 HCV-related HCC patients, and 100 controls. Results: There were significantly increased urinary 8-OHdG levels in HCV-related HCC and chronic HCV patients when compared with the controls (P<0.05 for all). Urinary 8-OHdG was associated with the tumor spread. Regarding, XRCC1 (Arg399Gln), AA (Gln/Gln) genotype and A-allele were more frequent in HCC and chronic HCV patients than in the controls (P<0.05). ORs (95%CI) using the dominant and the recessive genetic models were; 2.1 (1.1–4.1), P=0.032 and 1.9 (1–3.6), P=0.043 respectively. For OGG1 (Ser326Cys), GG (Cys/Cys) genotype and G-allele were increased significantly in chronic HCV and HCC patients compared to the controls (P<0.05). ORs (95%CI) under the dominant and the recessive genetic models were; 2.1 (1.1–4.1), P=0.032 and 1.9 (1–3.8), P=0.049 respectively. Additionally, XRCC1 (AA) and OGG1 (GG) genotypes had significantly increased urinary 8-OHdG levels among patients (P<0.05). Conclusions: XRCC1 (AA) and OGG1 (GG) could be considered as possible genotypic risk factors for HCV- related HCC development which were associated with significantly high urinary 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine levels, thus urinary 8-OHdG could be considered as non-invasive marker in follow-up chronic HCV progression into HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida A Mahmoud
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Mohammed H Hassan
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Ali A Ghweil
- Tropical Medicine and Gastroenterology Department, Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Amany Abdelrahman
- Medical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Asmaa N Mohammad
- Tropical Medicine and Gastroenterology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Hesham H Ameen
- Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University (Assiut Branch), Assiut, Egypt
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Mahmoud AA, Moghazy HM, Yousef LM, Mohammad AN. Adiponectin rs2241766 and rs266729 gene polymorphisms in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Gene Reports 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2019.100381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Zakhary MM, Mahmoud AA, Hashim MS. Role of osteopontin and its rs11730582 gene polymorphism in breast cancer. Meta Gene 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022] Open
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Sheneef A, Esmat MM, Mohammad AN, Mahmoud AA, Moghazy HM, Noureldin AK. Interleukin-10 and Interferon Gamma Gene Polymorphisms and Hepatitis C Virus-Related Liver Cirrhosis Risk. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2018; 37:175-180. [PMID: 28387594 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2016.0106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the association between the gene polymorphisms in interleukin-10 (IL-10) and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) genes with susceptibility and severity of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among Egyptian patients. Interleukin-10 -592 A/C, -1082 G/A and IFN-γ +874 T/A genotypes were determined in 100 chronic HCV patients and 50 healthy controls using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and the amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction (ARMS-PCR) respectively. IL-10 -592 A/C polymorphism genotyping revealed that the frequency of CC genotype was significantly higher in chronic HCV patients than in controls (58% versus 30%, P < 0.05). Regarding IL-10 -1082 G/A polymorphism genotyping, a higher frequency of GG genotype was found in chronic HCV patients compared to controls (31% versus 10%, P < 0.05). IFN-γ +874 T/A genotyping showed that TT genotype was significantly higher in chronic HCV participants than controls (31% versus 18%, P < 0.05), while a higher frequency of T allele was found in cirrhotic patients compared to noncirrhotic patients (P < 0.05). Our observations suggested that IL-10 -592 A/C, -1082 G/A, and IFN-γ +874 T/A polymorphisms had a strong association with susceptibility to HCV infection. However, no significant association was observed between the cytokines (IL-10 and IFN-γ) genotypes profile and HCV-liver cirrhosis risk in the studied population, except for the high frequency of IFN-γ +874 T allele in cirrhotic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer Sheneef
- 1 Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University , Sohag, Egypt
| | - Mamdouh M Esmat
- 1 Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University , Sohag, Egypt
| | - Asmaa N Mohammad
- 2 Department of Tropical Medicine and Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University , Sohag, Egypt
| | - Aida A Mahmoud
- 3 Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University , Sohag, Egypt
| | - Hoda M Moghazy
- 4 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University , Sohag, Egypt
| | - Amal K Noureldin
- 5 Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University , Sohag, Egypt
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Sheneef A, Hussein MT, Mohamed T, Mahmoud AA, Yousef LM, Alkady OA. Pentraxin 3 Genetic Variants and The Risk of Active Pulmonary Tuberculosis. Egypt J Immunol 2017; 24:21-27. [PMID: 29120574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis is a major health problem worldwide. Genetic factors are considered important determinants of the host susceptibility to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the association between pentraxin 3 genetic variants and the susceptibility and severity of active pulmonary tuberculosis. The study included 100 patients with newly diagnosed pulmonary TB and 50 healthy controls. PTX3 plasma level was assayed using ELISA and PTX3 genotypes (rs2305619, rs3816527, rs1840680) were detected by real time PCR in all participants. PTX3 rs1840680 genotype (AA) and allele (A) were significantly higher in the study group while the genotype (GG) was higher in the control group. The plasma level of PTX3 was higher in the patients than controls (P < 0.0001). There is a strong association between PTX3 plasma level and the activity and severity of pulmonary TB. PTX3 rs1840680 genotype AA is associated with increased risk of active pulmonary TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer Sheneef
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Mona T Hussein
- Department of Chest Diseases & Tuberculosis, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Tamer Mohamed
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Aida A Mahmoud
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Laila M Yousef
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Ola A Alkady
- Department of Chest Diseases & Tuberculosis, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
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Mahmoud AA, Farouk A, Goneim A, Hafez MFA, Saleem TH. Ornithine decarboxylase gene expression and activity in lung cancer. Gene Reports 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2016.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Mahmoud AA, Sheneef A, Goda AM, Ismail MA, Abualfadl EM. Association of interferon-γ and its (+874 T/A) gene polymorphism with type 2 diabetes mellitus in rheumatoid arthritis patients. The Egyptian Rheumatologist 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejr.2015.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Sayed KM, Mahmoud AA. Heat shock protein-70 and hypoxia inducible factor-1α in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients complicated with retinopathy. Acta Ophthalmol 2016; 94:e361-6. [PMID: 26725915 DOI: 10.1111/aos.12919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To elucidate the role of heat shock protein-70 (HSP70) and hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) in diabetic retinopathy (DR) patients. DESIGN AND METHODS A comparative study was done on the serum level of both HSP70 and HIF-1α in 50 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) without DR, 50 patients with T2DM and DR and 70 healthy control subjects. RESULTS HSP70 and HIF-1α were significantly increased in T2DM patients compared to controls and increased in patients with T2DM & DR compared to T2DM patients without DR (p < 0.0001). HSP70 did not differ among the patients with different stages of DR, while HIF-1α increased significantly in grades 3 and 4 DR patients compared to grades 1 and 2 DR patients. A strong correlation was found between HIF-1α and the development of DR (r = 0.835, p = 0.00) but not with HSP70. HIF-1α can be used as a predictor for development of DR but not HSP70. CONCLUSIONS Our study was the first that investigated both HSP70 and HIF-1α in humans and was the first that measured their levels in serum of patients with DR. The study suggested that HSP70 might have a protective function in T2DM patients rather than a therapeutic function. HIF-1α had an upper hand in the development and progression of DR. Induction of HSP70 and blockage of HIF-1α could lead to the development of novel prophylactic and therapeutic strategies for DR and potentially other diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khulood M. Sayed
- The Department of Ophthalmology; Faculty of Medicine; Sohag University; Sohag Egypt
| | - Aida A. Mahmoud
- The Department of Biochemistry; Faculty of Medicine; Sohag University; Sohag Egypt
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Mahmoud AA, Yousef LM, Zaki NAE. Apolipoprotein E gene polymorphism in Egyptian acute coronary syndrome patients. Egyptian Journal of Medical Human Genetics 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmhg.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Abstract
Acetaminophen (paracetamol) is a well-tolerated analgesic and antipyretic drug when used at therapeutic doses. Overdoses, however, cause oxidative stress, which leads to acute liver failure. Alpha lipoic acid is an antioxidant that has proven effective for ameliorating many pathological conditions caused by oxidative stress. We evaluated the effect of alpha lipoic acid on the histological and histochemical alterations of liver caused by an acute overdose of acetaminophen in rats. Livers of acetaminophen-intoxicated rats were congested and showed centrilobular necrosis, vacuolar degeneration and inflammatory cell infiltration. Necrotic hepatocytes lost most of their carbohydrates, lipids and structural proteins. Liver sections from rats pre-treated with lipoic acid showed fewer pathological changes; the hepatocytes appeared moderately vacuolated with moderate staining of carbohydrates and proteins. Nevertheless, alpha lipoic acid at the dose we used did not protect the liver fully from acetaminophen-induced acute toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y I Mahmoud
- a Zoology Department, Faculty of Science , Ain Shams University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - A A Mahmoud
- a Zoology Department, Faculty of Science , Ain Shams University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - G Nassar
- a Zoology Department, Faculty of Science , Ain Shams University , Cairo , Egypt
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Ramalingam J, Pathan MS, Feril O, Ross K, Ma XF, Mahmoud AA, Layton J, Rodriguez-Milla MA, Chikmawati T, Valliyodan B, Skinner R, Matthews DE, Gustafson JP, Nguyen HT. Structural and functional analyses of the wheat genomes based on expressed sequence tags (ESTs) related to abiotic stresses. Genome 2006; 49:1324-40. [PMID: 17218960 DOI: 10.1139/g06-094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
To gain insights into the structure and function of the wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genomes, we identified 278 ESTs related to abiotic stress (cold, heat, drought, salinity, and aluminum) from 7671 ESTs previously mapped to wheat chromosomes. Of the 278 abiotic stress related ESTs, 259 (811 loci) were assigned to chromosome deletion bins and analyzed for their distribution pattern among the 7 homoeologous chromosome groups. Distribution of abiotic stress related EST loci were not uniform throughout the different regions of the chromosomes of the 3 wheat genomes. Both the short and long arms of group 4 chromosomes showed a higher number of loci in their distal regions compared with proximal regions. Of the 811 loci, the number of mapped loci on the A, B, and D genomes were 258, 281, and 272, respectively. The highest number of abiotic stress related loci were found in homoeologous chromosome group 2 (142 loci) and the lowest number were found in group 6 (94 loci). When considering the genome-specific ESTs, the B genome showed the highest number of unique ESTs (7 loci), while none were found in the D genome. Similarly, considering homoeologous group-specific ESTs, group 2 showed the highest number with 16 unique ESTs (58 loci), followed by group 4 with 9 unique ESTs (33 loci). Many of the classified proteins fell into the biological process categories associated with metabolism, cell growth, and cell maintenance. Most of the mapped ESTs fell into the category of enzyme activity (28%), followed by binding activity (27%). Enzymes related to abiotic stress such as β-galactosidase, peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and trehalose-6-phosphate synthase were identified. The comparison of stress-responsive ESTs with genomic sequences of rice (Oryza sativa L.) chromosomes revealed the complexities of colinearity. This bin map provides insight into the structural and functional details of wheat genomic regions in relation to abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ramalingam
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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Ammar HO, Salama HA, Ghorab M, Mahmoud AA. Implication of inclusion complexation of glimepiride in cyclodextrin–polymer systems on its dissolution, stability and therapeutic efficacy. Int J Pharm 2006; 320:53-7. [PMID: 16701974 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2006.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2005] [Revised: 03/07/2006] [Accepted: 04/01/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The effect of complexation of glimepiride, a poorly water-soluble antidiabetic drug, with beta-cyclodextrin and its derivatives (HP-beta-CyD and SBE-beta-CyD) in presence of different concentrations of water-soluble polymers (HPMC, PVP, PEG 4000 and PEG 6000) on the dissolution rate of the drug has been investigated. The results revealed that the dissolution rate of the drug from these ternary systems is highly dependent on polymer type and concentration. The dissolution rate of the drug from ternary systems containing PEG 4000 or PEG 6000 seems to be generally higher than from systems containing HPMC or PVP. An optimum increase in the dissolution rate of the drug was observed at a polymer concentration of 5% for PEG 4000 or PEG 6000 and at 20% concentration of HPMC or PVP. The dissolution rate of the drug from the ternary system glimepiride-HP-beta-CyD-5% PEG 4000 was high compared to the other systems. Tablets containing the drug or its equivalent amount of this ternary system were prepared and subjected to accelerated stability testing at 40 degrees C/75% R.H. to investigate the effect of storage on the chemical stability as well as therapeutic efficacy of the tablets. The results revealed stability of the tablets and consistent therapeutic efficacy on storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- H O Ammar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
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Ammar HO, Salama HA, Ghorab M, Mahmoud AA. Formulation and biological evaluation of glimepiride-cyclodextrin-polymer systems. Int J Pharm 2005; 309:129-38. [PMID: 16377107 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2005.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2005] [Revised: 11/13/2005] [Accepted: 11/15/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Glimepiride is one of the third generation sulfonylureas used for treatment of type 2 diabetes. Poor aqueous solubility and slow dissolution rate of the drug lead to irreproducible clinical response or therapeutic failure in some cases due to subtherapeutic plasma drug levels. Consequently, the rationale of this study was to improve the biological performance of this drug through enhancing its solubility and dissolution rate. Inclusion complexes of glimepiride in beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CyD), hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HP-beta-CyD) and sulfobutylether-beta-cyclodextrin (SBE-beta-CyD), with or without water soluble polymers were prepared by the kneading method. Binary systems were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis, IR spectroscopy and X-ray diffractometry. Phase solubility diagrams revealed increase in solubility of the drug upon cyclodextrin addition, showing A(p) type plot indicating high order complexation. All the ternary systems containing beta-CyD or HP-beta-CyD showed higher dissolution efficiency compared to the corresponding binary systems. The hypoglycemic effect of the most rapidly dissolving ternary system of glimepiride-HP-beta-CyD-PEG 4000 was evaluated after oral administration in diabetic rats by measuring blood glucose levels. The results indicated that this ternary system improves significantly the therapeutic efficacy of the drug. In conclusion, the association of water soluble polymers with glimepiride-CyD systems leads to great enhancement in dissolution rate, increased duration of action and improvement of therapeutic efficacy of the drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- H O Ammar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
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Qi LL, Echalier B, Chao S, Lazo GR, Butler GE, Anderson OD, Akhunov ED, Dvorák J, Linkiewicz AM, Ratnasiri A, Dubcovsky J, Bermudez-Kandianis CE, Greene RA, Kantety R, La Rota CM, Munkvold JD, Sorrells SF, Sorrells ME, Dilbirligi M, Sidhu D, Erayman M, Randhawa HS, Sandhu D, Bondareva SN, Gill KS, Mahmoud AA, Ma XF, Gustafson JP, Conley EJ, Nduati V, Gonzalez-Hernandez JL, Anderson JA, Peng JH, Lapitan NLV, Hossain KG, Kalavacharla V, Kianian SF, Pathan MS, Zhang DS, Nguyen HT, Choi DW, Fenton RD, Close TJ, McGuire PE, Qualset CO, Gill BS. A chromosome bin map of 16,000 expressed sequence tag loci and distribution of genes among the three genomes of polyploid wheat. Genetics 2005; 168:701-12. [PMID: 15514046 PMCID: PMC1448828 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.104.034868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 348] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Because of the huge size of the common wheat (Triticum aestivum L., 2n = 6x = 42, AABBDD) genome of 17,300 Mb, sequencing and mapping of the expressed portion is a logical first step for gene discovery. Here we report mapping of 7104 expressed sequence tag (EST) unigenes by Southern hybridization into a chromosome bin map using a set of wheat aneuploids and deletion stocks. Each EST detected a mean of 4.8 restriction fragments and 2.8 loci. More loci were mapped in the B genome (5774) than in the A (5173) or D (5146) genomes. The EST density was significantly higher for the D genome than for the A or B. In general, EST density increased relative to the physical distance from the centromere. The majority of EST-dense regions are in the distal parts of chromosomes. Most of the agronomically important genes are located in EST-dense regions. The chromosome bin map of ESTs is a unique resource for SNP analysis, comparative mapping, structural and functional analysis, and polyploid evolution, as well as providing a framework for constructing a sequence-ready, BAC-contig map of the wheat genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- L L Qi
- Department of Plant Pathology, Wheat Genetics Resource Center, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506-5502, USA
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Peng JH, Zadeh H, Lazo GR, Gustafson JP, Chao S, Anderson OD, Qi LL, Echalier B, Gill BS, Dilbirligi M, Sandhu D, Gill KS, Greene RA, Sorrells ME, Akhunov ED, Dvorák J, Linkiewicz AM, Dubcovsky J, Hossain KG, Kalavacharla V, Kianian SF, Mahmoud AA, Miftahudin, Conley EJ, Anderson JA, Pathan MS, Nguyen HT, McGuire PE, Qualset CO, Lapitan NLV. Chromosome bin map of expressed sequence tags in homoeologous group 1 of hexaploid wheat and homoeology with rice and Arabidopsis. Genetics 2004; 168:609-23. [PMID: 15514039 PMCID: PMC1448821 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.104.034793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2003] [Accepted: 06/01/2004] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of 944 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) generated 2212 EST loci mapped to homoeologous group 1 chromosomes in hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). EST deletion maps and the consensus map of group 1 chromosomes were constructed to show EST distribution. EST loci were unevenly distributed among chromosomes 1A, 1B, and 1D with 660, 826, and 726, respectively. The number of EST loci was greater on the long arms than on the short arms for all three chromosomes. The distribution of ESTs along chromosome arms was nonrandom with EST clusters occurring in the distal regions of short arms and middle regions of long arms. Duplications of group 1 ESTs in other homoeologous groups occurred at a rate of 35.5%. Seventy-five percent of wheat chromosome 1 ESTs had significant matches with rice sequences (E < or = e(-10)), where large regions of conservation occurred between wheat consensus chromosome 1 and rice chromosome 5 and between the proximal portion of the long arm of wheat consensus chromosome 1 and rice chromosome 10. Only 9.5% of group 1 ESTs showed significant matches to Arabidopsis genome sequences. The results presented are useful for gene mapping and evolutionary and comparative genomics of grasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Peng
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1170, USA
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Lazo GR, Chao S, Hummel DD, Edwards H, Crossman CC, Lui N, Matthews DE, Carollo VL, Hane DL, You FM, Butler GE, Miller RE, Close TJ, Peng JH, Lapitan NLV, Gustafson JP, Qi LL, Echalier B, Gill BS, Dilbirligi M, Randhawa HS, Gill KS, Greene RA, Sorrells ME, Akhunov ED, Dvorák J, Linkiewicz AM, Dubcovsky J, Hossain KG, Kalavacharla V, Kianian SF, Mahmoud AA, Miftahudin, Ma XF, Conley EJ, Anderson JA, Pathan MS, Nguyen HT, McGuire PE, Qualset CO, Anderson OD. Development of an expressed sequence tag (EST) resource for wheat (Triticum aestivum L.): EST generation, unigene analysis, probe selection and bioinformatics for a 16,000-locus bin-delineated map. Genetics 2004; 168:585-93. [PMID: 15514037 PMCID: PMC1448819 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.104.034777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2004] [Accepted: 06/01/2004] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This report describes the rationale, approaches, organization, and resource development leading to a large-scale deletion bin map of the hexaploid (2n = 6x = 42) wheat genome (Triticum aestivum L.). Accompanying reports in this issue detail results from chromosome bin-mapping of expressed sequence tags (ESTs) representing genes onto the seven homoeologous chromosome groups and a global analysis of the entire mapped wheat EST data set. Among the resources developed were the first extensive public wheat EST collection (113,220 ESTs). Described are protocols for sequencing, sequence processing, EST nomenclature, and the assembly of ESTs into contigs. These contigs plus singletons (unassembled ESTs) were used for selection of distinct sequence motif unigenes. Selected ESTs were rearrayed, validated by 5' and 3' sequencing, and amplified for probing a series of wheat aneuploid and deletion stocks. Images and data for all Southern hybridizations were deposited in databases and were used by the coordinators for each of the seven homoeologous chromosome groups to validate the mapping results. Results from this project have established the foundation for future developments in wheat genomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- G R Lazo
- U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Western Regional Research Center, Albany, California 94710-1105, USA
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Miftahudin, Ross K, Ma XF, Mahmoud AA, Layton J, Milla MAR, Chikmawati T, Ramalingam J, Feril O, Pathan MS, Momirovic GS, Kim S, Chema K, Fang P, Haule L, Struxness H, Birkes J, Yaghoubian C, Skinner R, McAllister J, Nguyen V, Qi LL, Echalier B, Gill BS, Linkiewicz AM, Dubcovsky J, Akhunov ED, Dvorák J, Dilbirligi M, Gill KS, Peng JH, Lapitan NLV, Bermudez-Kandianis CE, Sorrells ME, Hossain KG, Kalavacharla V, Kianian SF, Lazo GR, Chao S, Anderson OD, Gonzalez-Hernandez J, Conley EJ, Anderson JA, Choi DW, Fenton RD, Close TJ, McGuire PE, Qualset CO, Nguyen HT, Gustafson JP. Analysis of expressed sequence tag loci on wheat chromosome group 4. Genetics 2004; 168:651-63. [PMID: 15514042 PMCID: PMC1448824 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.104.034827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2003] [Accepted: 06/01/2004] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of 1918 loci, detected by the hybridization of 938 expressed sequence tag unigenes (ESTs) from 26 Triticeae cDNA libraries, were mapped to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) homoeologous group 4 chromosomes using a set of deletion, ditelosomic, and nulli-tetrasomic lines. The 1918 EST loci were not distributed uniformly among the three group 4 chromosomes; 41, 28, and 31% mapped to chromosomes 4A, 4B, and 4D, respectively. This pattern is in contrast to the cumulative results of EST mapping in all homoeologous groups, as reported elsewhere, that found the highest proportion of loci mapped to the B genome. Sixty-five percent of these 1918 loci mapped to the long arms of homoeologous group 4 chromosomes, while 35% mapped to the short arms. The distal regions of chromosome arms showed higher numbers of loci than the proximal regions, with the exception of 4DL. This study confirmed the complex structure of chromosome 4A that contains two reciprocal translocations and two inversions, previously identified. An additional inversion in the centromeric region of 4A was revealed. A consensus map for homoeologous group 4 was developed from 119 ESTs unique to group 4. Forty-nine percent of these ESTs were found to be homoeologous to sequences on rice chromosome 3, 12% had matches with sequences on other rice chromosomes, and 39% had no matches with rice sequences at all. Limited homology (only 26 of the 119 consensus ESTs) was found between wheat ESTs on homoeologous group 4 and the Arabidopsis genome. Forty-two percent of the homoeologous group 4 ESTs could be classified into functional categories on the basis of blastX searches against all protein databases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miftahudin
- Department of Agronomy, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
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Boulton-Jones JR, Follows MC, Mahmoud AA. Open-access endoscopy: are age-based guidelines justified? An audit of experience of 1000 open-access endoscopies at a district general hospital. Endoscopy 2003; 35:68-73. [PMID: 12510229 DOI: 10.1055/s-2003-36407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS Open-access endoscopy has been developed to meet the increasing demand for endoscopy, and guidelines have been produced for selecting suitable patients. This study was designed to assess the appropriateness of these guidelines in patients referred to open-access endoscopy services at a district general hospital. PATIENTS AND METHODS A series of 1000 consecutive patients referred for open-access endoscopy was audited. The waiting time was 18 weeks and patients continued to take any acid-suppressing medication prescribed by their general practitioner. The endoscopy findings were compared in those who met and did not meet currently accepted guidelines. In addition the outcome for all patients in whom gastro-oesophageal malignancy was detected was reviewed. RESULTS 301 patients (30.1 %) did not meet accepted guidelines for open-access endoscopy. No cases of malignancy would have been missed if the guidelines had been implemented. Gastro-oesophageal malignancy was detected in 17 patients, all of whom died. When malignancy was excluded, there were no statistically significant differences between the detection rates for pathology in the two groups. The commonest finding, in 32.3 % of patients, was of a normal endoscopic appearance. CONCLUSIONS If current guidelines are applied, all cases of malignancy may be picked up, but identification of patients with curable disease is poor. Use of the guidelines did not select patients with other upper gastrointestinal disease, although many patients were receiving acid-suppression therapy at the time of their endoscopy. Implementation of test-and-treat strategies would result in a significant reduction in the workload of open-access endoscopy.
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Ahmed AA, Mahmoud AA, Hegazy MF, Paré PW, Karchesy J. Terpenoid constituents of Aster subspicatus and A. ageratoides. Pharmazie 2002; 57:567-9. [PMID: 12227200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
Chemical investigation of the aerial parts of Aster subspicatus afforded a new sesquiterpene lactone, 8 alpha-acetoxy-1 alpha-hydroxy-3 alpha,4 alpha-epoxy-5 alpha,7 alpha H-9,11(13)-guaiadien-12,6 alpha-olide (1), in addition to the known compounds arteglasin-B (2), diversoside (3), and 2-phenylethyl beta-D-glucopyranoside. Re-investigation of Aster ageratoides afforded the known compounds crotocorylifuran, and oplopanone. The structure of the new compound was determined by spectroscopic methods particularly high resolution 1H, 13C NMR, DEPT, 2D 1H-1H and 1H-13C COSY NMR and HMBC analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, El-Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt.
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21
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Ahmed AA, Mahmoud AA, Ahmed UM, El-Bassuony AA, Abd El-Razk MH, Pare PW, Karchesy J. Manoyl oxide alpha-arabinopyranoside and grindelic acid diterpenoids from Grindelia integrifolia. J Nat Prod 2001; 64:1365-1367. [PMID: 11678671 DOI: 10.1021/np010273n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Two new manoyl oxide-alpha-arabinopyranoside diterpenoids, 15-hydroxy-13-epi-manoyl oxide-14-O-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside (tarapacol-14-O-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside) (1) and 15-acetoxy-13-epi-manoyl oxide-14-O-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside (tarapacol-15-acetate-14-O-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside) (2), as well as a new grindelic acid derivative, 19-hydroxygrindelic acid (3), together with five known diterpenoids (tarapacol, tarapacanol A, grindelic acid, methyl grindeloate, 3beta-hydroxygrindelic acid, 4) were isolated from the aerial parts of Grindelia integrifolia. The structures of 1-3 were elucidated by spectral data analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, El-Minia University, El-Minia 61519, Egypt.
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22
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Azathioprine is a useful therapy in patients with inflammatory bowel disease that is difficult to control. However, 10% of patients are unable to tolerate azathioprine, and the best form of treatment for this group of patients is unknown. The azathioprine metabolite 6-mercaptopurine may be a useful therapy for these patients. AIM To review our clinical experience of the use of the 6-mercaptopurine in inflammatory bowel disease patients who are intolerant of azathioprine. METHODS All patients who were prescribed 6-mercaptopurine in a 2-year period were identified from pharmacy records. The case notes were reviewed and those who had previously been intolerant of azathioprine were included. RESULTS A total of 19 with either ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease were included. The reasons for discontinuing azathioprine were side-effects (13 patients), failure of efficacy (four patients) and leucopenia (two patients). Eleven of the 19 patients (68%) tolerated 6-mercaptopurine, including seven out of 13 patients (54%) who discontinued azathioprine due to side-effects. The length of follow-up of patients on 6-mercaptopurine was between 126 and 780 days (median 390 days). DISCUSSION 6-mercaptopurine should be considered in patients with inflammatory bowel disease who require continuing immunosuppressive therapy, but are intolerant of azathioprine.
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Hodder SL, Mahmoud AA, Sorenson K, Weinert DM, Stein RL, Ouma JH, Koech D, King CH. Predisposition to urinary tract epithelial metaplasia in Schistosoma haematobium infection. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2000; 63:133-8. [PMID: 11388504 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.2000.63.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Although there is strong epidemiologic evidence linking Schistosoma haematobium infection with carcinoma of the bladder, the utility of cytologic screening for urinary tract cancer has not been critically evaluated in S. haematobium-endemic populations. The present cross-sectional study examined urine cytology findings among 1,014 residents (ages 1 to 91) of the S. haematobium-endemic Msambweni area of Coast Province, Kenya. Among 705 evaluable cytology specimens, prevalence of inflammation (39%), hyperkeratosis (30%), metaplasia (33%), and frank atypia (0.4%) was notably higher than in previously studied, non-endemic populations. Overall, S. haematobium infection was strongly associated with increased risk for cytologic abnormality (> 2.8-fold relative risk of metaplasia or hyperkeratosis; P < 0.001). Age-group analysis confirmed parallel increases in metaplasia and S. haematobium infection prevalence early in life (from age I to 15 for both boys and girls). However, above age 20, metaplasia prevalence persisted at 33-45% prevalence despite a decline in infection prevalence and intensity. Prevalence of advanced (moderate or severe) metaplasia showed two age-related peaks: the first at 10-14 years of age (at the time of peak infection), and the second among subjects > or = 60 years old. No cancers were detected in the study population either on cytology or on follow-up ultrasound examination. These data suggest an age-dependent progression of cellular abnormalities in the urinary epithelium that is associated with chronic S. haematobium infection, which becomes independent of concurrent infection intensity as subjects grow older. Implications for cancer screening are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Hodder
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals of Cleveland, Ohio 44106-4983, USA
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24
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Abstract
Two new norditerpenoid acids of the labdane-type (norgrindelic acids), 4,5-dehydro-6-oxo-18-norgrindelic acid (1) and 4beta-hydroxy-6-oxo-19-norgrindelic acid (2), as well as a new grindelic acid derivative, 18-hydroxy-6-oxogrindelic acid (3), were isolated from the aerial parts of Grindelia nana. In addition, the known compounds, 6-oxogrindelic acid, grindelic acid, methyl grindeloate, 7alpha,8alpha-epoxygrindelic acid, and 4alpha-carboxygrindelic acid were also isolated. The structures of the new compounds were characterized on the basis of spectroscopic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Mahmoud
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, El-Minia University, El-Minia 61519, Egypt
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25
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Affiliation(s)
- H W Murray
- Department of Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report an unusual case of lupus vulgaris that spread to the left anterior ocular surface. DESIGN Case report. PARTICIPANT An 18-year-old woman presented with an 8-month history of an infiltrative skin lesion affecting the left lower eyelid and cheek area, left globe, right lacrimal sac area, together with a cystic lesion in the foot area. TESTING/INTERVENTION: The authors describe the clinical findings, radiologic study, and histopathologic study of the conjunctiva, skin, liver, and ankle lesion. The patient was treated with antituberculous medications for 3 months. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Healing of the skin, conjunctival, and bone lesions. RESULTS The lesion of the face healed, leaving scar tissue. The left eye showed symblepharon with loss of its anterior surface features. The right eye showed no symblepharon, the bones of the foot healed with no deformity, and the liver function test results normalized after 3 months of antituberculous medications. CONCLUSION Lupus vulgaris can be associated with multiple system involvement. Its clinical presentation and behavior depend on the patient's immunity and duration of the disease. Early diagnosis and appropriate management may cure the disease with no life-threatening sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M El-Ghatit
- Department of Ophthalmology, Alexandria University School of Medicine, Egypt
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27
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Subramanian AK, Mungai P, Ouma JH, Magak P, King CH, Mahmoud AA, King CL. Long-term suppression of adult bladder morbidity and severe hydronephrosis following selective population chemotherapy for Schistosoma haematobium. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1999; 61:476-81. [PMID: 10497994 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.1999.61.476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Repeated selective population chemotherapy of school age children reduces infection and morbidity associated with Schistosoma haematobium infection. To examine the long-term effect of this treatment on susceptibility to re-infection and late disease, a cohort of Kenyans (n = 194) were re-examined for infection and urinary tract morbidity 7-13 years after they underwent annual ultrasonography and treatment for an average of 5 years beginning in 1984 as children. Controls were previously untreated age-matched individuals residing in the same or adjacent villages. The overall prevalence and intensity of infection were equivalent between the 2 groups. In contrast, the prevalence of bladder wall pathology was 11-fold lower in previously treated (1.5%) versus untreated subjects (17%). Severe hydronephrosis was completely reversed. These data demonstrate that treatment significantly reduced urinary tract morbidity despite re-infection, and suggest that the important risk factors for urinary tract morbidity in adulthood are cumulative intensity and duration of infection during early adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Subramanian
- Department of Medicine, University Hospitals of Cleveland and Case Western Reserve University, Ohio 44106-4983, USA
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28
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Abstract
Extracts of the aerial parts of Xanthium strumarium and fruit of X. pungens afforded a new Xanthanolide diol derivative, 11alpha,13-dihydroxyxanthatin and a new dimeric xanthanolide sesquiterpene lactone, pungiolide C, in addition to some known compounds. The structures of the new compounds were determined by spectroscopic methods particularly high resolution (1)H-, (13)C-NMR and 2D (1)H- (1)H and (1)H- (13)C COSY NMR analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, El-Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt
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29
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Sang DK, Ouma JH, John CC, Whalen CC, King CL, Mahmoud AA, Heinzel FP. Increased levels of soluble interleukin-4 receptor in the sera of patients with visceral leishmaniasis. J Infect Dis 1999; 179:743-6. [PMID: 9952391 DOI: 10.1086/314635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Kenyan subjects with visceral leishmaniasis were examined for evidence of increased production of soluble interleukin-4 receptor (sIL-4R). Soluble IL-4R regulates the bioactivity of IL-4, a cytokine important in mediating progressive forms of leishmaniasis. Persons with visceral leishmaniasis sustained 8- to 10-fold more circulating sIL-4R compared with Papua New Guinea residents with documented filariasis or uninfected Kenyan and North American subjects. Soluble IL-2R concentrations were elevated nonspecifically in both visceral leishmaniasis and filariasis patients. These findings are significant given that IL-4 induces sIL-4R in mice, and treatment with recombinant sIL-4R cures progressive murine leishmaniasis dependent on IL-4 bioactivity. Further studies are indicated to determine whether the immunologic detection of IL-4 produced in human visceral leishmaniasis is obscured because of sequestration by soluble receptor and whether the production of sIL-4R is relevant to the pathogenesis of visceral leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D K Sang
- Division of Vector Borne Diseases, Ministry of Health, Nairobi, Kenya.
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30
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Abstract
From the aerial parts of Xanthium strumarium, three new xanthanolide and xanthane-type sesquiterpenoids, 11alpha,13-dihydroxanthatin, 4beta,5beta-epoxyxanthatin-1alpha,4alpha-endoperoxide, and 1beta,4beta,4alpha,5alpha-diepoxyxanth-11(13)-en-12-oic acid have been isolated, together with seven known compounds. The structures were determined by spectroscopic methods, particularly high resolution 1D, 2D NMR spectroscopy and NOE experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Mahmoud
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, El-Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt.
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31
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Mahmoud AA, La Montagne J, Takeda Y. Summary of the International Conference on Emerging Infectious Diseases US-Japan Cooperative Medical Science Program, Bangkok, 1997. J Infect Dis 1998; 177:3-4. [PMID: 9419162 DOI: 10.1086/513828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A A Mahmoud
- Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals of Cleveland, Ohio 44106-5029, USA
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Takeda Y, Mahmoud AA. Collaborative research and training programs in infectious diseases: summary of roundtable discussion. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 1997; 18:333-6. [PMID: 9348171 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-695x.1997.tb01064.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Y Takeda
- Research Institute, International Medical Center of Japan, Tokyo
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Ghazaly GE, Zakahary MM, el-Aziz MA, Mahmoud AA, Carretero P, Lafuente A. Expression of glutathione S-transferase activity and glutathione content in squamous cell carcinoma of bladder associated with schistosomiasis in a population in Egypt. Scand J Urol Nephrol 1997; 31:43-7. [PMID: 9060083 DOI: 10.3109/00365599709070301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The present study was designed to describe the expression of the glutathione S-transferase/glutathione system in squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder in a population in Egypt. The glutathione-S transferase activity was significantly higher in bladder cancer specimens (n = 40) in comparison with schistosomiasis cystitis tissue (n = 42) (4-fold, p = 1 x 10(-12)) and with healthy control samples (n = 9) (10-fold, p = 1 x 10(-6)). The glutathione content was also significantly higher in bladder cancer than in cystitis tissue (2-fold, p = 8 x 10(-6)) and in control samples (6-fold, 8 x 10(-6)). When control mucosa and cystitis samples were compared, 2-fold increased values were obtained for glutathione-S transferase (p = 4 x 10(-3)) and glutathione (p = 1 x 10(-3)) in schistosomiasis bladder tissue. Results describe an over-expression of glutathione-S transferase and glutathione levels in squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder, and indicate a possible role in chemoresistance to pharmacological therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- G E Ghazaly
- Urology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Egypt
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King CL, Xianli J, Malhotra I, Liu S, Mahmoud AA, Oettgen HC. Mice with a targeted deletion of the IgE gene have increased worm burdens and reduced granulomatous inflammation following primary infection with Schistosoma mansoni. The Journal of Immunology 1997. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.158.1.294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Although IgE has been considered to play an essential role in host defense against parasitic helminth infections such as Schistosoma mansoni, in vivo evidence of a protective function of IgE in infected mice is lacking. In the present study, mice with a null mutation of the C epsilon gene, and thus incapable of making IgE (IgE deficient), were infected by S. mansoni cercariae percutaneously. In two independent experiments, IgE-deficient mice were significantly more susceptible to primary infection, developing worm burdens twofold greater than those of wild-type mice (p < 0.001). In contrast, resistance to challenge infection following three immunizations with irradiated cercariae was similar in the two groups. The percentage of reduction in worm burdens in immunized IgE-deficient animals compared with unimmunized mice was 50%; immunized wild-type mice had a reduction of 55% compared with the baseline parasite count. Levels of parasite-specific IgG1 were more than twofold lower in IgE-deficient mice after primary infection (p = 0.005), whereas no significant difference was observed in the IgG1 response of animals previously immunized with irradiated cercariae. IgE-deficient animals also developed significantly smaller granulomas (by 37-40%) around schistosome eggs deposited in their livers compared with wild-type animals (p < 0.001). The spleens of IgE-deficient mice contained significantly more Ag-specific IL-4-secreting cells following primary infection. These data show that IgE participates in parasite elimination in primary infection with S. mansoni and in the generation of humoral immunity and cytokine responses to the parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L King
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, University Hospitals of Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - J Xianli
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, University Hospitals of Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - I Malhotra
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, University Hospitals of Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - S Liu
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, University Hospitals of Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - A A Mahmoud
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, University Hospitals of Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - H C Oettgen
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, University Hospitals of Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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35
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Mahmoud AA. Global health challenges: priorities for the 21st century. Trans Am Clin Climatol Assoc 1997; 108:233-244. [PMID: 9108680 PMCID: PMC2376595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A A Mahmoud
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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36
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King CL, Xianli J, Malhotra I, Liu S, Mahmoud AA, Oettgen HC. Mice with a targeted deletion of the IgE gene have increased worm burdens and reduced granulomatous inflammation following primary infection with Schistosoma mansoni. J Immunol 1997; 158:294-300. [PMID: 8977202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Although IgE has been considered to play an essential role in host defense against parasitic helminth infections such as Schistosoma mansoni, in vivo evidence of a protective function of IgE in infected mice is lacking. In the present study, mice with a null mutation of the C epsilon gene, and thus incapable of making IgE (IgE deficient), were infected by S. mansoni cercariae percutaneously. In two independent experiments, IgE-deficient mice were significantly more susceptible to primary infection, developing worm burdens twofold greater than those of wild-type mice (p < 0.001). In contrast, resistance to challenge infection following three immunizations with irradiated cercariae was similar in the two groups. The percentage of reduction in worm burdens in immunized IgE-deficient animals compared with unimmunized mice was 50%; immunized wild-type mice had a reduction of 55% compared with the baseline parasite count. Levels of parasite-specific IgG1 were more than twofold lower in IgE-deficient mice after primary infection (p = 0.005), whereas no significant difference was observed in the IgG1 response of animals previously immunized with irradiated cercariae. IgE-deficient animals also developed significantly smaller granulomas (by 37-40%) around schistosome eggs deposited in their livers compared with wild-type animals (p < 0.001). The spleens of IgE-deficient mice contained significantly more Ag-specific IL-4-secreting cells following primary infection. These data show that IgE participates in parasite elimination in primary infection with S. mansoni and in the generation of humoral immunity and cytokine responses to the parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L King
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, University Hospitals of Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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37
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Mahmoud
- Department of Medicine, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
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38
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Mahmoud AA. Tropical medicine. Current problems and possible solutions. Infect Dis Clin North Am 1995; 9:265-74. [PMID: 7673665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The health of the people in tropical and subtropical countries is compromised because of multiple factors including demography, economics, and particularly an ever-increasing burden of illness from infections and parasitic diseases. At the turn of the century, malaria, schistosomiasis, and tuberculosis are three major challenges that the majority of the world population is facing with few effective chemotherapeutic or immunologic tools. Furthermore, the ever-increasing threat of emerging infections is taxing our surveillance and detection procedures. The modern biomedical revolution promises a better outcome if a global effort in investing in health is effectively launched.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Mahmoud
- Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Ahmed AA, Mahmoud AA, Williams HJ, Scott AI, Reibenspies JH, Mabry TJ. New sesquiterpene alpha-methylene lactones from the Egyptian plant Jasonia candicans. J Nat Prod 1993; 56:1276-1280. [PMID: 8229012 DOI: 10.1021/np50098a011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Extracts of the plant Jasonia candicans possess antimicrobial activity. ET2O/MeOH extracts were subjected to liquid chromatography, and several sesquiterpenes were isolated and identified including the known compounds confertin [1], 4,11(13)-eudesmadien-12-oic acid [2], and 11-eudesmen-4-ol [3]. Two new diol alpha-methylene lactone antimicrobial agents were identified from nmr and mass spectral data and X-ray crystallography as (4 alpha, 5 alpha, 8 beta, 10 beta)-4,10-dihydroxy-1,11(13)-guaidien-12,8-olide [4] and (4 alpha, 5 alpha, 8 beta, 10 alpha)-4,10-dihydroxyl-1,11 (13)-guaidien-12,8-olide[5], which differ in stereochemistry at the C-10 tertiary alcohol center.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, El-Minia University, Egypt
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Mahmoud AA. Academic medicine: the social consciousness of the profession. J Lab Clin Med 1993; 121:635-7. [PMID: 8478591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A A Mahmoud
- Case Western Reserve University, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Ohio
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Mahmoud
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
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Blanton RE, Matsumoto Y, Peters PA, el Ibiary S, King CH, Mahmoud AA, Aikawa M. Ultrastructural localization of a protective 68,000 molecular weight antigen in Schistosoma mansoni. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1991; 45:112-20. [PMID: 1867344 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.1991.45.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccination with SMW 68, an Mr 68,000 glycoprotein of Schistosoma mansoni, induces significant protection in mice against challenge schistosome infection. This resistance occurs without the use of adjuvants and without sensitizing animals to granuloma formation. Likewise, passive transfer of monoclonal antibody (MAb) 31-3B6 against SMW 68 confers partial protection against challenge infection. As a first step in understanding how the immune response to this molecule leads to resistance, SMW 68 was localized in three developmental stages of the parasite by immunoelectron microscopy using MAb 31-3B6 and polyclonal antisera raised against purified SMW 68. In cercariae and schistosomula, MAb 31-3B6 bound electron-dense granules within the head gland and similar granules in the preacetabular glands. In adult worms, SMW 68 or related antigens were found to be widely distributed in tissues. Binding of specific antisera was most pronounced in the gut and tegument of male worms, but less so in subtegumental muscles. We conclude that SMW 68 is presented to the immune system in various ways during parasite development. The protective protein or epitope is excreted, and presented on the surface and in the cytoplasm at various stages of the life cycle. The relationship of the location of this protein to its role in protective immunity is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Blanton
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University Hospitals, Cleveland, Ohio
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Nanduri J, Dennis JE, Rosenberry TL, Mahmoud AA, Tartakoff AM. Glycocalyx of bodies versus tails of Schistosoma mansoni cercariae. Lectin-binding, size, charge, and electron microscopic characterization. J Biol Chem 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)35321-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Abstract
The effect of various antigens of Leishmania major promastigotes on the function of human polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNLs) was examined. Different concentrations of L. major antigens were incubated with isolated PMNLs for various periods and the respiratory burst was assessed by Luminol-dependent chemiluminescence. All the Leishmania antigens employed inhibited the PMNL respiratory burst by 35-64%. PMNL viability was not affected either by the concentrations or type of the parasite antigen. Oxygen free radical scavengers enhanced the action of the antigens on the PMNL respiratory burst.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S al Tuwaijri
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Abstract
Giant axons from the marine annelid Myxicola infundibulum were internally dialyzed with solutions containing 22Na ions as tracers of Na efflux. In experiments performed in Li-substituted seawater, Na efflux that is dependent on external Ca ion concentration, [Ca2+]o, was measured using dialysis to maintain [Na+]i at 100 mM, which enhances the [Ca2+]o-dependent Na efflux component, (i.e., reverse-mode Na/Ca exchange). When dialysis fluid contained EGTA (1 mM) to buffer the internal Ca concentration, [Ca2+]i, to desired levels, Na efflux lost its normal sensitivity to external calcium. The inhibition was not simply due to the Ca-chelating action of EGTA to produce insufficient [Ca2+]i to activate Na/Ca exchange. The addition of EGTA inhibited Cao-dependent Na efflux even when a large enough excess of [Ca2+]i was present to saturate the EGTA and still produce elevated values of [Ca2+]i. Control experiments showed that these high values of [Ca2+]i resulted in normal Na/Ca exchange in the absence of EGTA. It is concluded that the presence of EGTA itself interferes with the manifestation of reverse-mode Na/Ca exchange in Myxicola giant axons.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Sjodin
- Department of Biophysics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore 21201
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Sturrock RF, Kinyanjui H, Thíongo FW, Tosha S, Ouma JH, King CH, Koech D, Siongok TK, Mahmoud AA. Chemotherapy-based control of schistosomiasis haematobia. 3. Snail studies monitoring the effect of chemotherapy on transmission in the Msambweni area, Kenya. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1990; 84:257-61. [PMID: 2117788 DOI: 10.1016/0035-9203(90)90278-m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Regular snail sampling was performed at 40 sites, representing the principal snail habitats, during a 4 year chemotherapy programme targetted at school-children in the Msambweni area of the coastal plain of Kenya. Populations of Bulinus africanus group snails, primarily from pools, showed seasonal variations, dropping when sites dried out and rising when they were refilled by the rains. Transmission, judged by the recovery of snails shedding typical fucocercous cercariae, continued throughout the treatment period at very low levels (less than 1% of the snails collected were infected) with peaks in October/November and in January/February after seasonal rains. Spatially, most infected snails were recovered from 2 large pools near the sea, close to the school that responded least well to the initial chemotherapy programme. Later, infected snails were found sporadically in inland pools, rice fields and temporary streams near another school where there was evidence of substantial reinfection as the study progressed. The snail findings are consistent with a reduction but not elimination of transmission associated with the chemotherapy programme.
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Affiliation(s)
- R F Sturrock
- Department of Medical Parasitology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Mahmoud
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
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Abstract
Parasitic protozoans and helminths pose considerable medical as well as scientific challenges. Investigations of the complex and very different life cycles of these organisms, their adaptation to the obligate parasitic mode of life, and their ability to face the hostile host environment have resulted in many exciting discoveries. Invasion of host erythrocytes by plasmodial sporozoites and intact skin by schistosomal cercariae are outlined as examples of the elaborate mechanisms of parasitism. Isolation and characterization of single protective antigens or subunit vaccines from these two organisms are examined as models for vaccine development. Finally, developments in exploring gene regulation in protozoans and free and parasitic nematodes are briefly outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Mahmoud
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
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al-Mofleh IA, al-Khuwaitir SA, Mahmoud AA, Kyegombe DB, al-Tuwaijri AS. Hepatic microsomal protein and cytochrome P-450 in BALB/c mice infected with Leishmania. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1989; 4:513-9. [PMID: 2491220 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.1989.tb00855.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The effects of infection of mice with Leishmania major on liver microsomal protein and cytochrome P-450 were examined. The levels of hepatic microsomal protein and cytochrome P-450 were monitored at 6, 7, 9 and 12 weeks post-infection. The results indicated that the amount of hepatic microsomal protein and cytochrome P-450 were unchanged throughout the course of infection with L. major, despite the high degree of parasite proliferation in Kupffer cells and marked reduction in phagocytosis. The current results clearly indicate that Leishmania-induced macrophage suppression has no inhibitory effect on hepatic microsomal protein and cytochrome P-450.
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Affiliation(s)
- I A al-Mofleh
- Department of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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