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Le Rhun E, Albert NL, Hüllner M, Franceschi E, Galldiks N, Karschnia P, Minniti G, Weiss T, Preusser M, Ellingson BM, Weller M. Targeted radionuclide therapy for patients with central nervous system metastasis: Overlooked potential? Neuro Oncol 2024; 26:S229-S241. [PMID: 39351771 PMCID: PMC11631097 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noae192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Targeted radionuclide therapy is an emerging therapeutic concept for metastatic cancer that can be considered if a tumor can be delineated by nuclear medicine imaging and also targeted based on the expression of a particular target (thera-nostics). This mode of treatment can also compete with or supplement conventional radiotherapy, for example, if MRI does not fully capture the extent of the disease, including microscopic metastases. Targeted radionuclide therapy for patients with thyroid cancer, with certain somatostatin receptor 2-expressing tumors and with prostate-specific membrane antigen-expressing prostate cancer is approved, and numerous approaches of targeted radionuclide therapy for patients with metastatic cancer are in development (eg, using fibroblast activation protein as a target). Although brain metastases are rare in cancers with approved targeted radionuclide therapies, there is no a priori reason to assume that such treatments would not be effective against brain metastases if the targets are expressed and not shielded by the blood-brain barrier. Here, we discuss the current state of the art and opportunities of targeted radionuclide therapies for patients with brain and leptomeningeal metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Le Rhun
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nathalie L Albert
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ludwig Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Hüllner
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Enrico Franceschi
- Nervous System Medical Oncology Department, IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bellaria Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Norbert Galldiks
- Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), Universities of Aachen, Bonn, Cologne, and Duesseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Research Center Juelich, Juelich, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Philipp Karschnia
- German Cancer Consortium, Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Giuseppe Minniti
- IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Anatomical Pathology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Tobias Weiss
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Preusser
- Department of Medicine I, Division of Oncology, and Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Benjamin M Ellingson
- UCLA Brain Tumor Imaging Laboratory (BTIL), Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Michael Weller
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Hirsch J, Voltin CA, Schmiel M, Kreuzberg N, Mauch C, Franklin C. Prostataspezifisches Membranantigen (PSMA)‐exprimierende Melanommetastasen bei einem Patienten mit Prostatakarzinom und Melanom. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2024; 22:446-449. [PMID: 38450949 DOI: 10.1111/ddg.15323_g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Hirsch
- Klinik für Dermatologie und Venerologie, Uniklinik Köln, Köln, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen - Bonn - Cologne - Düsseldorf (CIO ABCD), Köln
| | | | - Marcel Schmiel
- Institut für Allgemeine Pathologie und Pathologische Anatomie, Uniklinik Köln
| | - Nicole Kreuzberg
- Klinik für Dermatologie und Venerologie, Uniklinik Köln, Köln, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen - Bonn - Cologne - Düsseldorf (CIO ABCD), Köln
| | - Cornelia Mauch
- Klinik für Dermatologie und Venerologie, Uniklinik Köln, Köln, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen - Bonn - Cologne - Düsseldorf (CIO ABCD), Köln
| | - Cindy Franklin
- Klinik für Dermatologie und Venerologie, Uniklinik Köln, Köln, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen - Bonn - Cologne - Düsseldorf (CIO ABCD), Köln
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Hirsch J, Voltin CA, Schmiel M, Kreuzberg N, Mauch C, Franklin C. Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-expressing melanoma metastases in a patient with prostate cancer and melanoma. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2024; 22:446-449. [PMID: 38402433 DOI: 10.1111/ddg.15323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Hirsch
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen - Bonn - Cologne - Düsseldorf (CIO ABCD), Cologne, Germany
| | - Conrad-Amadeus Voltin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Marcel Schmiel
- Department of Pathology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Nicole Kreuzberg
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen - Bonn - Cologne - Düsseldorf (CIO ABCD), Cologne, Germany
| | - Cornelia Mauch
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen - Bonn - Cologne - Düsseldorf (CIO ABCD), Cologne, Germany
| | - Cindy Franklin
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen - Bonn - Cologne - Düsseldorf (CIO ABCD), Cologne, Germany
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Ramirez-Fort MK, Gilman CK, Alexander JS, Meier-Schiesser B, Gower A, Olyaie M, Vaidya N, Vahidi K, Li Y, Lange CS, Fort M, Deurdulian C. Gender and disease-inclusive nomenclature consolidation of theragnostic target, prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) to folate hydrolase-1 (FOLH1). Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 10:1304718. [PMID: 38444631 PMCID: PMC10913592 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1304718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marigdalia K. Ramirez-Fort
- BioFort, Guaynabo, Puerto Rico
- Veterans Affairs (VA) Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Veterans Health Administration, United States Department of Veterans Affairs, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) Health System, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Casey K. Gilman
- BioFort, Guaynabo, Puerto Rico
- San Juan Bautista School of Medicine, Caguas, Puerto Rico
| | - Jacob S. Alexander
- BioFort, Guaynabo, Puerto Rico
- San Juan Bautista School of Medicine, Caguas, Puerto Rico
| | | | - Arjan Gower
- University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) Health System, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Mojtaba Olyaie
- Veterans Affairs (VA) Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Veterans Health Administration, United States Department of Veterans Affairs, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) Health System, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Neel Vaidya
- Veterans Affairs (VA) Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Veterans Health Administration, United States Department of Veterans Affairs, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Kiarash Vahidi
- Veterans Affairs (VA) Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Veterans Health Administration, United States Department of Veterans Affairs, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Yuxin Li
- Veterans Affairs (VA) Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Veterans Health Administration, United States Department of Veterans Affairs, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) Health System, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Christopher S. Lange
- BioFort, Guaynabo, Puerto Rico
- Department of Radiology, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, United States
| | | | - Corinne Deurdulian
- Veterans Affairs (VA) Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Veterans Health Administration, United States Department of Veterans Affairs, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) Health System, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Zhao H, Liu C, Li B, Guo JM. Malignant melanoma of the prostate: Primary or metastasis? A case report. World J Clin Cases 2023; 11:5721-5728. [PMID: 37727725 PMCID: PMC10506006 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v11.i24.5721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malignant melanoma of the prostate is rare. Twenty-five studies describing 45 cases have been reported. Prostate melanoma is characterized by an insidious onset and poor prognosis. The prognosis and treatment vary according to primary or secondary melanoma. CASE SUMMARY A 75-year-old man attended the hospital due to low back pain of 2 mo duration. He denied a history of trauma or abnormal urinary symptoms. Digital rectal examination showed indentation in the left lobe of the prostate, 1 cm in diameter. His prostate-specific antigen was 5.6 ng/mL and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography computed tomography (18F-FDG-PET/CT) showed focal glucose metabolism in the left lobe. Imaging showed bone metastases to T12 and bilateral ribs. Transperineal prostate biopsy was done and three tissue specimens on the left side showed prostate adenocarcinoma (Gleason score 3 + 3 = 6), but the specimen on the right side showed malignant melanoma. The patient underwent T12 tumor resection and pathology findings indicated metastatic malignant melanoma. The patient underwent gastroscopy and colonoscopy, and gastroscopy revealed multiple mucosal black spots in the gastric body and fundus. The patient was diagnosed with secondary malignant prostate melanoma and primary gastric disease. CONCLUSION Diagnosis of primary prostate melanoma requires caution and 18F-FDG-PET/CT may result in false-negative detection of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhao
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Xu-Hui Central Hospital, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Chun Liu
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Xu-Hui Central Hospital, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Xu-Hui Central Hospital, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Jian-Ming Guo
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200001, China
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PSMA Expression in Solid Tumors beyond the Prostate Gland: Ready for Theranostic Applications? J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11216590. [PMID: 36362824 PMCID: PMC9657217 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11216590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past decades, the expanding use of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) imaging for prostate cancer has led to the incidental detection of a lot of extra-prostatic malignancies showing an increased uptake of PSMA. Due to these incidental findings, the increasing amount of immunohistochemistry studies and the deeper knowledge of the mechanisms of expression of this antigen, it is now clear that “PSMA” is a misnomer, since it is not specific to the prostate gland. Nevertheless, this lack of specificity could represent an interesting opportunity to bring new insights on the biology of PSMA and its sites of expression to image and treat new conditions, particularly several cancers. In this review, we will describe the main extra-prostatic cancers that exhibit PSMA expression and that can be studied with PSMA-based positron emission tomography–computed tomography (PET/CT) as an additional or alternative tool to conventional imaging. In particular, we will focus on cancers in which a radioligand therapy with 177lutetium has been attempted, aiming to provide an overview of the possible future theragnostic applications of PSMA.
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Orevi M, Ben-Haim S, Abourbeh G, Chicheportiche A, Mishani E, Yutkin V, Gofrit ON. False Positive Findings of [18F]PSMA-1007 PET/CT in Patients After Radical Prostatectomy with Undetectable Serum PSA Levels. Front Surg 2022; 9:943760. [PMID: 35813044 PMCID: PMC9263625 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2022.943760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background PET-CT using prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeting radiopharmaceuticals labeled with 68Ga or 18F has emerged as the most sensitive staging tool in prostate cancer (PC). Nonetheless, the occurrence of false positive (FP) findings presents a major concern of this approach. In this prospective study, we investigated the frequency and pattern of false-positive findings of [18F]PSMA-1007 PET/CT in patients after radical prostatectomy with undetectable serum PSA levels. Any discrete non-physiological accumulation of [18F]PSMA-1007 in this population is by definition FP. Methods Seventeen men after radical prostatectomy, whose serum PSA levels were <0.05 ng/mL at 2–24 months after surgery were prospectively recruited. PET/CT was acquired at both 1 and 2 h after injection of [18F]PSMA-1007. Findings Three studies (18%) were interpreted as completely normal. Thirty-five foci of “non-physiological” uptake were observed in the remaining 14 (82%) patients, including a single skeletal focus in four patients, multiple skeletal foci in five patients and soft tissue uptake in eight, including in a desmoid tumor and in pelvic lymphocele. The SUVmax of all lesions was in the range of 1–7, except for the desmoid tumor which measured 12.7. All foci were visible in both the 1- and the 2 h studies, presenting a minor (<10%), statistically insignificant increase of SUVmax during this time-interval. Interpretation FP [18F]PSMA-1007-avid foci are found in about 80% of patients with undetectable serum PSA levels. Thus, focal uptake of [18F]PSMA-1007 outside its physiological distribution is not a categorical sign of metastasis and can arise from non-specific uptake of the ligand. The interpretation of [18F]PSMA-1007 PET/CT studies should always consider the clinical context, and lesions with SUVmax < 7 are suspicious for FP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Orevi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Simona Ben-Haim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
- University College London and UCL Hospitals, NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Galith Abourbeh
- Cyclotron/Radiochemistry Unit, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - Eyal Mishani
- Cyclotron/Radiochemistry Unit, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Vladimir Yutkin
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ofer N. Gofrit
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
- Correspondence: Ofer N. Gofrit
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Caputo A, Addesso M, Zeppa P, D'Antonio A. Malignant melanoma of the prostate gland: A systematic review. Pathol Res Pract 2021; 226:153594. [PMID: 34481214 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2021.153594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Prostatic melanoma is a rare malignancy about which only scattered case reports and no systematic reviews have been published to date. We sought to better inform clinicians and pathologists caring for these patients by gathering all available evidence on the topic. METHODS We performed a systematic review of English and non-English articles indexed in PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus and Google Scholar about primary and metastatic prostatic melanoma. RESULTS In total, 25 studies describing 45 cases were identified. Most cases were metastases to the prostate, with only 10 primary prostatic cases. The median age of patients was 61 years with a wide range, and 89% were symptomatic at presentation, most commonly with obstructive symptoms (83%). Diagnosis requires histopathological analysis and often immunohistochemistry. Metastatic melanoma in the prostate carries a dismal prognosis with median overall survival of 3 months; on the other hand, among primary prostatic melanomas reported in the literature, 29% survived longer than 5 years. The most reasonable therapeutic approach consists in radical surgery possibly followed by adjuvant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Caputo
- University of Salerno, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Salerno, Italy.
| | - Maria Addesso
- Hospital Tortora, Department of Pathology, Pagani, Province of Salerno, Italy
| | - Pio Zeppa
- University of Salerno, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Salerno, Italy
| | - Antonio D'Antonio
- University of Salerno, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Salerno, Italy; University Hospital "San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D'Aragona", Department of Pathology, Salerno, Italy
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Cesati M, Scatozza F, D’Arcangelo D, Antonini-Cappellini GC, Rossi S, Tabolacci C, Nudo M, Palese E, Lembo L, Di Lella G, Facchiano F, Facchiano A. Investigating Serum and Tissue Expression Identified a Cytokine/Chemokine Signature as a Highly Effective Melanoma Marker. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12123680. [PMID: 33302400 PMCID: PMC7762568 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In this study, we investigated the expression of 27 cytokines/chemokines in the serum of 232 individuals (136 melanoma patients vs. 96 controls). It identified several cytokines/chemokines differently expressed in melanoma patients as compared to the healthy controls, as a function of the presence of the melanoma, age, tumor thickness, and gender, indicating different systemic responses to the melanoma presence. We also analyzed the gene expression of the same 27 molecules at the tissue level in 511 individuals (melanoma patients vs. controls). From the gene expression analysis, we identified several cytokines/chemokines showing strongly different expression in melanoma as compared to the controls, and the 4-gene signature “IL-1Ra, IL-7, MIP-1a, and MIP-1b” as the best combination to discriminate melanoma samples from the controls, with an extremely high accuracy (AUC = 0.98). These data indicate the molecular mechanisms underlying melanoma setup and the relevant markers potentially useful to help the diagnosis of biopsy samples. Abstract The identification of reliable and quantitative melanoma biomarkers may help an early diagnosis and may directly affect melanoma mortality and morbidity. The aim of the present study was to identify effective biomarkers by investigating the expression of 27 cytokines/chemokines in melanoma compared to healthy controls, both in serum and in tissue samples. Serum samples were from 232 patients recruited at the IDI-IRCCS hospital. Expression was quantified by xMAP technology, on 27 cytokines/chemokines, compared to the control sera. RNA expression data of the same 27 molecules were obtained from 511 melanoma- and healthy-tissue samples, from the GENT2 database. Statistical analysis involved a 3-step approach: analysis of the single-molecules by Mann–Whitney analysis; analysis of paired-molecules by Pearson correlation; and profile analysis by the machine learning algorithm Support Vector Machine (SVM). Single-molecule analysis of serum expression identified IL-1b, IL-6, IP-10, PDGF-BB, and RANTES differently expressed in melanoma (p < 0.05). Expression of IL-8, GM-CSF, MCP-1, and TNF-α was found to be significantly correlated with Breslow thickness. Eotaxin and MCP-1 were found differentially expressed in male vs. female patients. Tissue expression analysis identified very effective marker/predictor genes, namely, IL-1Ra, IL-7, MIP-1a, and MIP-1b, with individual AUC values of 0.88, 0.86, 0.93, 0.87, respectively. SVM analysis of the tissue expression data identified the combination of these four molecules as the most effective signature to discriminate melanoma patients (AUC = 0.98). Validation, using the GEPIA2 database on an additional 1019 independent samples, fully confirmed these observations. The present study demonstrates, for the first time, that the IL-1Ra, IL-7, MIP-1a, and MIP-1b gene signature discriminates melanoma from control tissues with extremely high efficacy. We therefore propose this 4-molecule combination as an effective melanoma marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Cesati
- Department of Civil Engineering and Computer Science Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Francesca Scatozza
- Istituto Dermopatico dell’Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, via Monti di Creta 104, 00167 Rome, Italy; (F.S.); (D.D.); (G.C.A.-C.); (M.N.); (E.P.); (L.L.); (G.D.L.)
| | - Daniela D’Arcangelo
- Istituto Dermopatico dell’Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, via Monti di Creta 104, 00167 Rome, Italy; (F.S.); (D.D.); (G.C.A.-C.); (M.N.); (E.P.); (L.L.); (G.D.L.)
| | - Gian Carlo Antonini-Cappellini
- Istituto Dermopatico dell’Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, via Monti di Creta 104, 00167 Rome, Italy; (F.S.); (D.D.); (G.C.A.-C.); (M.N.); (E.P.); (L.L.); (G.D.L.)
| | - Stefania Rossi
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy; (S.R.); (C.T.)
| | - Claudio Tabolacci
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy; (S.R.); (C.T.)
| | - Maurizio Nudo
- Istituto Dermopatico dell’Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, via Monti di Creta 104, 00167 Rome, Italy; (F.S.); (D.D.); (G.C.A.-C.); (M.N.); (E.P.); (L.L.); (G.D.L.)
| | - Enzo Palese
- Istituto Dermopatico dell’Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, via Monti di Creta 104, 00167 Rome, Italy; (F.S.); (D.D.); (G.C.A.-C.); (M.N.); (E.P.); (L.L.); (G.D.L.)
| | - Luigi Lembo
- Istituto Dermopatico dell’Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, via Monti di Creta 104, 00167 Rome, Italy; (F.S.); (D.D.); (G.C.A.-C.); (M.N.); (E.P.); (L.L.); (G.D.L.)
| | - Giovanni Di Lella
- Istituto Dermopatico dell’Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, via Monti di Creta 104, 00167 Rome, Italy; (F.S.); (D.D.); (G.C.A.-C.); (M.N.); (E.P.); (L.L.); (G.D.L.)
| | - Francesco Facchiano
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy; (S.R.); (C.T.)
- Correspondence: (F.F.); (A.F.)
| | - Antonio Facchiano
- Istituto Dermopatico dell’Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, via Monti di Creta 104, 00167 Rome, Italy; (F.S.); (D.D.); (G.C.A.-C.); (M.N.); (E.P.); (L.L.); (G.D.L.)
- Correspondence: (F.F.); (A.F.)
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