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McFadden JR, Salem I, Stevanovic M, Barney RE, Chaudhari AS, Chambers MA, O'Hern K, Cloutier JM, Yan S, Ramos-Rodriguez AJ, Kerr DA, Momtahen S, LeBlanc RE, Tsongalis GJ, Hughes EG, Sriharan A. A Droplet Digital Polymerase Chain Reaction-Based Tool to Aid in Melanoma Diagnosis: Development of a 4-Gene Panel Using 164 Melanocytic Neoplasms. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2025; 149:410-421. [PMID: 39084636 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2024-0027-oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT.— Detecting copy number variations (CNVs) at certain loci can aid in the diagnosis of histologically ambiguous melanocytic neoplasms. Droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) is a rapid, automated, and inexpensive method for CNV detection in other cancers, but not yet melanoma. OBJECTIVE.— To evaluate the performance of a 4-gene ddPCR panel that simultaneously tests for ras responsive binding element protein 1 (RREB1) gain; cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A) loss; MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor (MYC) gain; and MYB proto-oncogene, transcription factor (MYB) loss in melanocytic neoplasms. DESIGN.— One hundred sixty-four formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded skin samples were used to develop the assay, of which 65 were used to evaluate its performance. Chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) data were used as the gold standard. RESULTS.— ddPCR demonstrated high concordance with CMA in detecting RREB1 gain (sensitivity, 86.7%; specificity, 88.9%), CDKN2A loss (sensitivity, 80%; specificity, 100%), MYC gain (sensitivity, 70%; specificity, 100%), and MYB loss (sensitivity, 71.4%; specificity, 100%). When one CNV was required to designate the test as positive, the 4-gene ddPCR panel distinguished nevi from melanomas with a sensitivity of 78.4% and a specificity of 71.4%. For reference, CMA had a sensitivity of 86.2% and a specificity of 78.6%. Our data also revealed interesting relationships with histology, namely (1) a positive correlation between RREB1 ddPCR copy number and degree of tumor progression; (2) a statistically significant correlation between MYC gain and nodular growth; and (3) a statistically significant correlation between MYB loss and a sheetlike pattern of growth. CONCLUSIONS.— With further validation, ddPCR may aid both in our understanding of melanomagenesis and in the diagnosis of challenging melanocytic neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason R McFadden
- From the Department of Biological Sciences (McFadden, Chaudhari), and the Geisel School of Medicine (Stevanovic, Kerr, Tsongalis, Sriharan), Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Iman Salem
- the Departments of Dermatology (Salem) and Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (Barney, Cloutier, Yan, Ramos-Rodriguez, Kerr, Momtahen, LeBlanc, Tsongalis, Hughes, Sriharan), Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Mirjana Stevanovic
- From the Department of Biological Sciences (McFadden, Chaudhari), and the Geisel School of Medicine (Stevanovic, Kerr, Tsongalis, Sriharan), Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Rachael E Barney
- the Departments of Dermatology (Salem) and Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (Barney, Cloutier, Yan, Ramos-Rodriguez, Kerr, Momtahen, LeBlanc, Tsongalis, Hughes, Sriharan), Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Advaita S Chaudhari
- From the Department of Biological Sciences (McFadden, Chaudhari), and the Geisel School of Medicine (Stevanovic, Kerr, Tsongalis, Sriharan), Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Meagan Ann Chambers
- the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (Chambers)
| | - Keegan O'Hern
- the Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (O'Hern)
| | - Jeffrey M Cloutier
- the Departments of Dermatology (Salem) and Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (Barney, Cloutier, Yan, Ramos-Rodriguez, Kerr, Momtahen, LeBlanc, Tsongalis, Hughes, Sriharan), Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Shaofeng Yan
- the Departments of Dermatology (Salem) and Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (Barney, Cloutier, Yan, Ramos-Rodriguez, Kerr, Momtahen, LeBlanc, Tsongalis, Hughes, Sriharan), Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Alvaro J Ramos-Rodriguez
- the Departments of Dermatology (Salem) and Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (Barney, Cloutier, Yan, Ramos-Rodriguez, Kerr, Momtahen, LeBlanc, Tsongalis, Hughes, Sriharan), Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Darcy Arendt Kerr
- From the Department of Biological Sciences (McFadden, Chaudhari), and the Geisel School of Medicine (Stevanovic, Kerr, Tsongalis, Sriharan), Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire
- the Departments of Dermatology (Salem) and Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (Barney, Cloutier, Yan, Ramos-Rodriguez, Kerr, Momtahen, LeBlanc, Tsongalis, Hughes, Sriharan), Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Shabnam Momtahen
- the Departments of Dermatology (Salem) and Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (Barney, Cloutier, Yan, Ramos-Rodriguez, Kerr, Momtahen, LeBlanc, Tsongalis, Hughes, Sriharan), Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Robert E LeBlanc
- the Departments of Dermatology (Salem) and Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (Barney, Cloutier, Yan, Ramos-Rodriguez, Kerr, Momtahen, LeBlanc, Tsongalis, Hughes, Sriharan), Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Gregory J Tsongalis
- From the Department of Biological Sciences (McFadden, Chaudhari), and the Geisel School of Medicine (Stevanovic, Kerr, Tsongalis, Sriharan), Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire
- the Departments of Dermatology (Salem) and Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (Barney, Cloutier, Yan, Ramos-Rodriguez, Kerr, Momtahen, LeBlanc, Tsongalis, Hughes, Sriharan), Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Edward G Hughes
- the Departments of Dermatology (Salem) and Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (Barney, Cloutier, Yan, Ramos-Rodriguez, Kerr, Momtahen, LeBlanc, Tsongalis, Hughes, Sriharan), Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Aravindhan Sriharan
- From the Department of Biological Sciences (McFadden, Chaudhari), and the Geisel School of Medicine (Stevanovic, Kerr, Tsongalis, Sriharan), Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire
- the Departments of Dermatology (Salem) and Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (Barney, Cloutier, Yan, Ramos-Rodriguez, Kerr, Momtahen, LeBlanc, Tsongalis, Hughes, Sriharan), Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire
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Grebnev PA, Meshkov IO, Ershov PV, Makhotenko AV, Azarian VB, Erokhina MV, Galeta AA, Zakubanskiy AV, Shingalieva OS, Tregubova AV, Asaturova AV, Yudin VS, Yudin SM, Makarov VV, Keskinov AA, Makarova AS, Snigir EA, Skvortsova VI. Benchmarking of Approaches for Gene Copy-Number Variation Analysis and Its Utility for Genetic Aberration Detection in High-Grade Serous Ovarian Carcinomas. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:3252. [PMID: 39409874 PMCID: PMC11475927 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16193252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2024] [Revised: 09/20/2024] [Accepted: 09/21/2024] [Indexed: 10/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective: The goal of this study was to compare the results of CNV detection by three different methods using 13 paired carcinoma samples, as well as to perform a statistical analysis of the agreement. Methods: CNV was studied using NanoString nCounter v2 Cancer CN Assay (Nanostring), Illumina Infinium CoreExome microarrays (CoreExome microarrays) and digital droplet PCR (ddPCR). Results: There was a good level of agreement (PABAK score > 0.6) between the CoreExome microarrays and the ddPCR results for finding CNVs. There was a moderate level of agreement (PABAK values ≈ 0.3-0.6) between the NanoString Assay results and microarrays or ddPCR. For 83 out of 87 target genes studied (95%), the agreement between the CoreExome microarrays and NanoString nCounter was characterized by PABAK values < 0.75, except for MAGI3, PDGFRA, NKX2-1 and KDR genes (>0.75). The MET, HMGA2, KDR, C8orf4, PAX9, CDK6, and CCND2 genes had the highest agreement among all three approaches. Conclusions: Therefore, to get a better idea of how to genotype an unknown CNV spectrum in tumor or normal tissue samples that are very different molecularly, it makes sense to use at least two CNV detection methods. One of them, like ddPCR, should be able to quantitatively confirm the results of the other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Alekseevich Grebnev
- Federal State Budgetary Institution “Centre for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks” of the Federal Medical Biological Agency (Centre for Strategic Planning of FMBA of Russia), Bld. 1, Pogodinskaya Street, 10, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (P.A.G.); (I.O.M.); (P.V.E.); (A.V.M.); (V.B.A.); (M.V.E.); (A.A.G.); (A.V.Z.); (O.S.S.); (V.S.Y.); (S.M.Y.); (V.V.M.); (A.S.M.)
| | - Ivan Olegovich Meshkov
- Federal State Budgetary Institution “Centre for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks” of the Federal Medical Biological Agency (Centre for Strategic Planning of FMBA of Russia), Bld. 1, Pogodinskaya Street, 10, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (P.A.G.); (I.O.M.); (P.V.E.); (A.V.M.); (V.B.A.); (M.V.E.); (A.A.G.); (A.V.Z.); (O.S.S.); (V.S.Y.); (S.M.Y.); (V.V.M.); (A.S.M.)
| | - Pavel Viktorovich Ershov
- Federal State Budgetary Institution “Centre for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks” of the Federal Medical Biological Agency (Centre for Strategic Planning of FMBA of Russia), Bld. 1, Pogodinskaya Street, 10, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (P.A.G.); (I.O.M.); (P.V.E.); (A.V.M.); (V.B.A.); (M.V.E.); (A.A.G.); (A.V.Z.); (O.S.S.); (V.S.Y.); (S.M.Y.); (V.V.M.); (A.S.M.)
| | - Antonida Viktorovna Makhotenko
- Federal State Budgetary Institution “Centre for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks” of the Federal Medical Biological Agency (Centre for Strategic Planning of FMBA of Russia), Bld. 1, Pogodinskaya Street, 10, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (P.A.G.); (I.O.M.); (P.V.E.); (A.V.M.); (V.B.A.); (M.V.E.); (A.A.G.); (A.V.Z.); (O.S.S.); (V.S.Y.); (S.M.Y.); (V.V.M.); (A.S.M.)
| | - Valentina Bogdanovna Azarian
- Federal State Budgetary Institution “Centre for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks” of the Federal Medical Biological Agency (Centre for Strategic Planning of FMBA of Russia), Bld. 1, Pogodinskaya Street, 10, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (P.A.G.); (I.O.M.); (P.V.E.); (A.V.M.); (V.B.A.); (M.V.E.); (A.A.G.); (A.V.Z.); (O.S.S.); (V.S.Y.); (S.M.Y.); (V.V.M.); (A.S.M.)
| | - Marina Vyacheslavovna Erokhina
- Federal State Budgetary Institution “Centre for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks” of the Federal Medical Biological Agency (Centre for Strategic Planning of FMBA of Russia), Bld. 1, Pogodinskaya Street, 10, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (P.A.G.); (I.O.M.); (P.V.E.); (A.V.M.); (V.B.A.); (M.V.E.); (A.A.G.); (A.V.Z.); (O.S.S.); (V.S.Y.); (S.M.Y.); (V.V.M.); (A.S.M.)
| | - Anastasiya Aleksandrovna Galeta
- Federal State Budgetary Institution “Centre for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks” of the Federal Medical Biological Agency (Centre for Strategic Planning of FMBA of Russia), Bld. 1, Pogodinskaya Street, 10, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (P.A.G.); (I.O.M.); (P.V.E.); (A.V.M.); (V.B.A.); (M.V.E.); (A.A.G.); (A.V.Z.); (O.S.S.); (V.S.Y.); (S.M.Y.); (V.V.M.); (A.S.M.)
| | - Aleksandr Vladimirovich Zakubanskiy
- Federal State Budgetary Institution “Centre for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks” of the Federal Medical Biological Agency (Centre for Strategic Planning of FMBA of Russia), Bld. 1, Pogodinskaya Street, 10, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (P.A.G.); (I.O.M.); (P.V.E.); (A.V.M.); (V.B.A.); (M.V.E.); (A.A.G.); (A.V.Z.); (O.S.S.); (V.S.Y.); (S.M.Y.); (V.V.M.); (A.S.M.)
| | - Olga Sergeevna Shingalieva
- Federal State Budgetary Institution “Centre for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks” of the Federal Medical Biological Agency (Centre for Strategic Planning of FMBA of Russia), Bld. 1, Pogodinskaya Street, 10, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (P.A.G.); (I.O.M.); (P.V.E.); (A.V.M.); (V.B.A.); (M.V.E.); (A.A.G.); (A.V.Z.); (O.S.S.); (V.S.Y.); (S.M.Y.); (V.V.M.); (A.S.M.)
| | - Anna Vasilevna Tregubova
- Federal State Budgetary Institution “National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named after Academician V.I. Kulakov”, Ministry of Healthcare of The Russian Federation, Oparina Street, Bld. 4, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.T.); (A.V.A.)
| | - Aleksandra Vyacheslavovna Asaturova
- Federal State Budgetary Institution “National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named after Academician V.I. Kulakov”, Ministry of Healthcare of The Russian Federation, Oparina Street, Bld. 4, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.T.); (A.V.A.)
| | - Vladimir Sergeevich Yudin
- Federal State Budgetary Institution “Centre for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks” of the Federal Medical Biological Agency (Centre for Strategic Planning of FMBA of Russia), Bld. 1, Pogodinskaya Street, 10, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (P.A.G.); (I.O.M.); (P.V.E.); (A.V.M.); (V.B.A.); (M.V.E.); (A.A.G.); (A.V.Z.); (O.S.S.); (V.S.Y.); (S.M.Y.); (V.V.M.); (A.S.M.)
| | - Sergey Mihaylovich Yudin
- Federal State Budgetary Institution “Centre for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks” of the Federal Medical Biological Agency (Centre for Strategic Planning of FMBA of Russia), Bld. 1, Pogodinskaya Street, 10, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (P.A.G.); (I.O.M.); (P.V.E.); (A.V.M.); (V.B.A.); (M.V.E.); (A.A.G.); (A.V.Z.); (O.S.S.); (V.S.Y.); (S.M.Y.); (V.V.M.); (A.S.M.)
| | - Valentin Vladimirovich Makarov
- Federal State Budgetary Institution “Centre for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks” of the Federal Medical Biological Agency (Centre for Strategic Planning of FMBA of Russia), Bld. 1, Pogodinskaya Street, 10, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (P.A.G.); (I.O.M.); (P.V.E.); (A.V.M.); (V.B.A.); (M.V.E.); (A.A.G.); (A.V.Z.); (O.S.S.); (V.S.Y.); (S.M.Y.); (V.V.M.); (A.S.M.)
| | - Anton Arturovich Keskinov
- Federal State Budgetary Institution “Centre for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks” of the Federal Medical Biological Agency (Centre for Strategic Planning of FMBA of Russia), Bld. 1, Pogodinskaya Street, 10, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (P.A.G.); (I.O.M.); (P.V.E.); (A.V.M.); (V.B.A.); (M.V.E.); (A.A.G.); (A.V.Z.); (O.S.S.); (V.S.Y.); (S.M.Y.); (V.V.M.); (A.S.M.)
| | - Anna Sergeevna Makarova
- Federal State Budgetary Institution “Centre for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks” of the Federal Medical Biological Agency (Centre for Strategic Planning of FMBA of Russia), Bld. 1, Pogodinskaya Street, 10, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (P.A.G.); (I.O.M.); (P.V.E.); (A.V.M.); (V.B.A.); (M.V.E.); (A.A.G.); (A.V.Z.); (O.S.S.); (V.S.Y.); (S.M.Y.); (V.V.M.); (A.S.M.)
| | - Ekaterina Andreevna Snigir
- Federal State Budgetary Institution “Centre for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks” of the Federal Medical Biological Agency (Centre for Strategic Planning of FMBA of Russia), Bld. 1, Pogodinskaya Street, 10, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (P.A.G.); (I.O.M.); (P.V.E.); (A.V.M.); (V.B.A.); (M.V.E.); (A.A.G.); (A.V.Z.); (O.S.S.); (V.S.Y.); (S.M.Y.); (V.V.M.); (A.S.M.)
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Ramos-Rodriguez AJ, McFadden JR, Momtahen S, LeBlanc RE, Yan S, Chaudhari AS, Cloutier JM, Stevanovic M, Barney R, Syku M, Lozano-Franco M, Hughes E, Sriharan A. A novel method to assess copy number variations in melanocytic neoplasms: Droplet digital PCR for precise quantitation of MYC and MYB genes. J Cutan Pathol 2024; 51:146-154. [PMID: 37795541 PMCID: PMC10863652 DOI: 10.1111/cup.14540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION While most melanocytic neoplasms can be classified as either benign or malignant by histopathology alone, ancillary molecular diagnostic tests can be necessary to establish the correct diagnosis in challenging cases. Currently, the detection of copy number variations (CNVs) by fluorescence in situ hybridization and chromosomal microarray (CMA) are the most popular methods, but remain expensive and inaccessible. We aim to develop a relatively inexpensive, fast, and accessible molecular assay to detect CNVs relevant to melanoma using droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) technology. METHODS In this proof-of-concept study, we evaluated CNVs in MYC and MYB genes from 73 cases of benign nevi, borderline melanocytic lesions, and primary and metastatic melanoma at our institution from 2015 to 2022. A multiplexed ddPCR assay and CMA were performed on each sample, and the results were compared. RESULTS Concordance analysis of ddPCR with CMA for quantification of MYC and MYB CNVs revealed a sensitivity and specificity of 89% and 86% for MYC and 83% and 74% for MYB, respectively. CONCLUSION We demonstrate the first use of a multiplexed ddPCR assay to identify CNVs in melanocytic neoplasms. With further improvement and validation, ddPCR may represent a low-cost and rapid tool to aid in the diagnosis of histopathologically ambiguous melanocytic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro J. Ramos-Rodriguez
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH 03766
| | | | - Shabnam Momtahen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH 03766
| | - Robert E. LeBlanc
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH 03766
| | - Shaofeng Yan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH 03766
| | | | - Jeffrey M. Cloutier
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH 03766
| | | | - Rachael Barney
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH 03766
- Clinical Genomics and Advanced Technology Laboratory, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon NH 03766
| | - Marie Syku
- Department of Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH 03766
| | | | - Edward Hughes
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH 03766
- Clinical Genomics and Advanced Technology Laboratory, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon NH 03766
| | - Aravindhan Sriharan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH 03766
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Griffin EN, Jucius T, Sim SE, Harris BS, Heinz S, Ackerman SL. RREB1 regulates neuronal proteostasis and the microtubule network. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadh3929. [PMID: 38198538 PMCID: PMC10780896 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh3929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Transcription factors play vital roles in neuron development; however, little is known about the role of these proteins in maintaining neuronal homeostasis. Here, we show that the transcription factor RREB1 (Ras-responsive element-binding protein 1) is essential for neuron survival in the mammalian brain. A spontaneous mouse mutation causing loss of a nervous system-enriched Rreb1 transcript is associated with progressive loss of cerebellar Purkinje cells and ataxia. Analysis of chromatin immunoprecipitation and sequencing, along with RNA sequencing data revealed dysregulation of RREB1 targets associated with the microtubule cytoskeleton. In agreement with the known role of microtubules in dendritic development, dendritic complexity was disrupted in Rreb1-deficient neurons. Analysis of sequencing data also suggested that RREB1 plays a role in the endomembrane system. Mutant Purkinje cells had fewer numbers of autophagosomes and lysosomes and contained P62- and ubiquitin-positive inclusions. Together, these studies demonstrate that RREB1 functions to maintain the microtubule network and proteostasis in mammalian neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily N. Griffin
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Neurobiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Thomas Jucius
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Neurobiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Su-Eon Sim
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Neurobiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | | | - Sven Heinz
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Susan L. Ackerman
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Neurobiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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