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Huang J, Fehr A, Jäwert F, Nilsson JA, Morris LGT, Stenman G, Andersson MK. MYB alternative promoter activity is increased in adenoid cystic carcinoma metastases and is associated with a specific gene expression signature. Oral Oncol 2024; 151:106763. [PMID: 38493544 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2024.106763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a head and neck cancer with a poor long-term prognosis that shows frequent local recurrences and distant metastases. The tumors are characterized by MYB oncogene activation and are notoriously unresponsive to systemic therapies. The biological underpinnings behind therapy resistance of disseminated ACC are largely unknown. Here, we have studied the molecular and clinical significance of MYB alternative promoter (TSS2) usage in ACC metastases. MATERIALS AND METHODS MYB TSS2 activity was investigated in primary tumors and metastases from 26 ACC patients using RNA-sequencing and quantitative real-time PCR analysis. Differences in global gene expression between MYB TSS2 high and low cases were studied, and pathway analyses were performed. RESULTS MYB TSS2 activity was significantly higher in ACC metastases than in primary tumors (median activity 15.1 vs 3.0, P = 0.0003). MYB TSS2 high ACC metastases showed a specific gene expression signature, including increased expression of multi-drug resistance genes and canonical MYB target genes, and suppression of the p53 and NOTCH pathways. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our findings indicate that elevated MYB TSS2 activity is associated with metastases, potential drug resistance, and augmented MYB-driven gene expression in ACC. Our study advocates the need for new therapies that specifically target MYB and drug resistance mechanisms in disseminated ACC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junchi Huang
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Department of Pathology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - André Fehr
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Department of Pathology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Jäwert
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Department of Pathology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jonas A Nilsson
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Luc G T Morris
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Göran Stenman
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Department of Pathology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mattias K Andersson
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Department of Pathology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Ding P, Tang P, Li X, Haroon A, Nasreen S, Noor H, Attia KA, Abushady AM, Wang R, Cui K, Wu X, Sun M, Gao Z. Genome-wide identification, phylogeny and expression analysis of the R2R3-MYB gene family in quinoa ( Chenopodium quinoa) under abiotic stress. Funct Plant Biol 2024; 51:FP23261. [PMID: 38417846 DOI: 10.1071/fp23261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
The MYB transcription factor (TF) are among the largest gene families of plants being responsible for several biological processes. The R2R3-MYB gene family are integral player regulating plant primary and secondary metabolism, growth and development, and responses to hormones and stresses. The phylogenetic analysis combined with gene structure analysis and motif determination resulted in division of R2R3-MYB gene family into 27 subgroups. Evidence generated from synteny analyses indicated that CqR2R3-MYBs gene family is featured by tandem and segmental duplication events. On the basis of RNA-Seq data, the expression patterns of different tissues under salt treatment were investigated resulting CqR2R3-MYB genes high expression both in roots and stem of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa ) plants. More than half of CqR2R3-MYB genes showed expression under salt stress. Based on this result, CqR2R3-MYB s may regulate quinoa plant growth development and resistance to abiotic stresses. These findings provided comprehensive insights on role of CqR2R3-MYBs gene family members in quinoa and candidate MYB gene family members can be further studies on their role for abiotic stress tolerance in crop plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Ding
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Peng Tang
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Xiaofen Li
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Adeela Haroon
- Department of Botany, The Women University Multan, Multan 66000, Pakistan
| | - Saima Nasreen
- Department of Environmental Sciences, The Women University Multan, Multan 66000, Pakistan
| | - Hafeez Noor
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Kotb A Attia
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asmaa M Abushady
- Biotechnology School, Nile University, 26th July Corridor, Sheikh Zayed City, Giza 12588, Egypt
| | - Rongzhen Wang
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Kaiyuan Cui
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Xiangyun Wu
- Shanxi Jiaqi Agri-Tech Co., Ltd., Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Min Sun
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Zhiqiang Gao
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
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Ramos-Rodriguez AJ, McFadden JR, Momtahen S, LeBlanc RE, Yan S, Chaudhari AS, Cloutier JM, Stevanovic M, Barney R, Syku M, Lozano-Franco M, Hughes E, Sriharan A. A novel method to assess copy number variations in melanocytic neoplasms: Droplet digital PCR for precise quantitation of MYC and MYB genes. J Cutan Pathol 2024; 51:146-154. [PMID: 37795541 PMCID: PMC10863652 DOI: 10.1111/cup.14540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION While most melanocytic neoplasms can be classified as either benign or malignant by histopathology alone, ancillary molecular diagnostic tests can be necessary to establish the correct diagnosis in challenging cases. Currently, the detection of copy number variations (CNVs) by fluorescence in situ hybridization and chromosomal microarray (CMA) are the most popular methods, but remain expensive and inaccessible. We aim to develop a relatively inexpensive, fast, and accessible molecular assay to detect CNVs relevant to melanoma using droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) technology. METHODS In this proof-of-concept study, we evaluated CNVs in MYC and MYB genes from 73 cases of benign nevi, borderline melanocytic lesions, and primary and metastatic melanoma at our institution from 2015 to 2022. A multiplexed ddPCR assay and CMA were performed on each sample, and the results were compared. RESULTS Concordance analysis of ddPCR with CMA for quantification of MYC and MYB CNVs revealed a sensitivity and specificity of 89% and 86% for MYC and 83% and 74% for MYB, respectively. CONCLUSION We demonstrate the first use of a multiplexed ddPCR assay to identify CNVs in melanocytic neoplasms. With further improvement and validation, ddPCR may represent a low-cost and rapid tool to aid in the diagnosis of histopathologically ambiguous melanocytic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro J Ramos-Rodriguez
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | | | - Shabnam Momtahen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Robert E LeBlanc
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Shaofeng Yan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | | | - Jeffrey M Cloutier
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | | | - Rachael Barney
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
- Clinical Genomics and Advanced Technology Laboratory, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Marie Syku
- Department of Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | | | - Edward Hughes
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
- Clinical Genomics and Advanced Technology Laboratory, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Aravindhan Sriharan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
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Yamagishi M. High promoter sequence variation in subgroup 6 members of R2R3-MYB genes is involved in different floral anthocyanin color patterns in Lilium spp. Mol Genet Genomics 2021; 296:1005-1015. [PMID: 34052932 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-021-01799-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The spatially and temporally distinct expression of R2R3-MYB positive regulators is among the major mechanisms that create various anthocyanin color patterns in many flowers. However, we do not know how these positive regulators have gained different expression profiles. In the Asiatic hybrid lily 'Lollypop' (derived from the crosses of species belonging to Sinomartagon/Daurolirion section), MYB12 and MYB19S regulate the pigmentation at whole tepals and raised tepal spots, respectively. In the Oriental hybrid lily 'Sorbonne' (derived from the crosses of species belonging to the Archelirion section), MYB12 regulates both whole tepal and raised spot pigmentation. The genes have similar amino acid sequences with similar protein functions but exhibit different expression profiles in lily flowers. As promoters are among the most significant factors affecting gene expression profiles, their promoter sequences were determined in this study. The three genes had very different promoter sequences, and putative cis-regulatory elements were not conserved in numbers or order. To further confirm the promoter functions, tobacco plants were transformed with native promoter-driven MYB12 or MYB19S genes of 'Lollypop.' Expression levels of MYB12 were higher in corolla tubes than in lobes, while those of MYB19S were higher in corolla lobes than in tubes. Thus, the diverse promoter functions were likely to be the leading causes of their different expression profiles and generation of unique color patterns. Finally, the history of R2R3-MYB gene establishment during lily evolution was estimated using sequence data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masumi Yamagishi
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, N9W9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan.
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Zhang Y, Zhang J, Shao C, Bao Z, Liu G, Bao M. Single-repeat R3 MYB transcription factors from Platanus acerifolia negatively regulate trichome formation in Arabidopsis. Planta 2019; 249:861-877. [PMID: 30448862 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-018-3042-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Four R3 MYB genes were cloned and identified from Platanus acerifolia and analysed according to endogenous gene expression profiles, protein-protein interaction patterns, phenotypic effects and related gene expression profiles in transgenic Arabidopsis, suggesting that London plane R3 MYB genes inhibit trichome formation in Arabidopsis. The CPC-like MYB transcription factors including CAPRICE (CPC), TRIPTYCHON (TRY), ENHANCER OF TRY AND CPC 1, 2 and 3 (ETC1, ETC2 and ETC3), TRICHOMELESS1 (TCL1) and TRICHOMELESS2(TCL2) play important roles in controlling trichome patterning in Arabidopsis. In this study, four sequences homologous with the Arabidopsis CPC family were identified from London plane and named PaTRY, PaCPC-like1, PaCPC-like2 and PaCPC-like3. Over-expression of PaTRY, PaCPC-like1, PaCPC-like2 and PaCPC-like3 in Arabidopsis resulted in glabrous phenotypes. In addition, expression of endogenous GL2, GL1, MYB23, TTG2 and a set of R3 MYB-encoding genes was markedly reduced. Furthermore, the protein products of PaTRY, PaCPC-like1, PaCPC-like2 and PaCPC-like3 were shown to interact with PaGL3 in yeast two-hybrid assays. Together, these results likely suggest that the mechanisms of trichome regulation in London plane have similarities with those in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaqi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Changsheng Shao
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiru Bao
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Guofeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Manzhu Bao
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China.
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Bi K, Chen T, He Z, Gao Z, Zhao Y, Fu Y, Cheng J, Xie J, Jiang D. Proto-oncogenes in a eukaryotic unicellular organism play essential roles in plasmodial growth in host cells. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:881. [PMID: 30522435 PMCID: PMC6282348 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-5307-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The eukaryotic unicellular protist Plasmodiophora brassicae is an endocellular parasite of cruciferous plants. In host cortical cells, this protist develops a unicellular structure that is termed the plasmodium. The plasmodium is actually a multinucleated cell, which subsequently splits and forms resting spores. The mechanism for the growth of this endocellular parasite in host cell is unclear. RESULTS Here, combining de novo genome sequence and transcriptome analysis of strain ZJ-1, we identified top five significant enriched KEGG pathways of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), namely translation, cell growth and death, cell communication, cell motility and cancers. We detected 171 proto-oncogenes from the genome of P. brassicae that were implicated in cancer-related pathways, of which 46 were differential expression genes. Three predicted proto-oncogenes (Pb-Raf1, Pb-Raf2, and Pb-MYB), which showed homology to the human proto-oncogenes Raf and MYB, were specifically activated during the plasmodial growth in host cortical cells, demonstrating their involvement in the multinucleate development stage of the unicellular protist organism. Gene networks involved in the tumorigenic-related signaling transduction pathways and the activation of 12 core genes were identified. Inhibition of phosphoinositol-3-kinase relieved the clubroot symptom and significantly suppressed the development process of plasmodia. CONCLUSIONS Proto-oncogene-related regulatory mechanisms play an important role in the plasmodial growth of P. brassicae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Agriculture Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Chen
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhangchao He
- State Key Laboratory of Agriculture Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhixiao Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Agriculture Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agriculture Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanping Fu
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiasen Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Agriculture Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiatao Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Agriculture Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Daohong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Agriculture Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China.
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China.
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Butt HI, Yang Z, Gong Q, Chen E, Wang X, Zhao G, Ge X, Zhang X, Li F. GaMYB85, an R2R3 MYB gene, in transgenic Arabidopsis plays an important role in drought tolerance. BMC Plant Biol 2017; 17:142. [PMID: 28830364 PMCID: PMC5568319 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-017-1078-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MYB transcription factors (TFs) are one of the largest families of TFs in higher plants and are involved in diverse biological, functional, and structural processes. Previously, very few functional validation studies on R2R3 MYB have been conducted in cotton in response to abiotic stresses. In the current study, GaMYB85, a cotton R2R3 MYB TF, was ectopically expressed in Arabidopsis thaliana (Col-0) and was functionally characterized by overexpression in transgenic plants. RESULTS The in-silico analysis of GaMYB85 shows the presence of a SANT domain with a conserved R2R3 MYB imperfect repeat. The GaMYB85 protein has a 257-amino acid sequence, a molecular weight of 24.91 kD, and an isoelectric point of 5.58. Arabidopsis plants overexpressing GaMYB85 exhibited a higher seed germination rate in response to mannitol and salt stress, and higher drought avoidance efficiency than wild-type plants upon water deprivation. These plants had notably higher levels of free proline and chlorophyll with subsequent lower water loss rates and higher relative water content. Germination of GaMYB85 transgenics was more sensitive to abscisic acid (ABA) and extremely liable to ABA-induced inhibition of primary root elongation. Moreover, when subjected to treatment with different concentrations of ABA, transgenic plants with ectopically expressed GaMYB85 showed reduced stomatal density, with greater stomatal size and lower stomatal opening rates than those in wild-type plants. Ectopic expression of GaMYB85 led to enhanced transcript levels of stress-related marker genes such as RD22, ADH1, RD29A, P5CS, and ABI5. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate previously unknown roles of GaMYB85, showing that it confers good drought, salt, and freezing tolerance, most probably via an ABA-induced pathway. These findings can potentially be exploited to develop improved abiotic stress tolerance in cotton plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamama Islam Butt
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science (ICR, CAAS), Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Zhaoen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science (ICR, CAAS), Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Qian Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science (ICR, CAAS), Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Eryong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science (ICR, CAAS), Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Xioaqian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science (ICR, CAAS), Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Ge Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science (ICR, CAAS), Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Xiaoyang Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science (ICR, CAAS), Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Xueyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science (ICR, CAAS), Anyang, 455000, China.
| | - Fuguang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science (ICR, CAAS), Anyang, 455000, China.
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Zhai Y, Li P, Mei Y, Chen M, Chen X, Xu H, Zhou X, Dong H, Zhang C, Jiang W. Three MYB genes co-regulate the phloem-based defence against English grain aphid in wheat. J Exp Bot 2017; 68:4153-4169. [PMID: 28922762 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Plant phloem-based defence (PBD) against phloem-feeding insects is characteristic of the sieve occlusion by phloem lectins and β-1,3-glucan callose, both of which are produced under regulation by ethylene and MYB transcription factors. Wheat PBD requires β-1,3-glucan synthase-like proteins GSL2, GSL10, and GSL12, and may also require insect-resistant mannose-binding lectins Hfr-1 and Wci-1, which can accumulate in the phloem upon aphid feeding. This study elucidates whether any of the 73 MYB genes identified previously in the common wheat Triticum aestivum genome plays a role in wheat PBD activation with regard to the GSLs and lectins. Wheat MYB genes TaMYB19, TaMYB29, and TaMYB44 are highly activated in response to infestation of English grain aphid, and their silencing facilitates aphid feeding on wheat phloem and represses wheat PBD responses. Repressed PBD is shown to decrease aphid-induced callose deposition in wheat leaf epidermis and decrease aphid-induced expression of genes GSL2, GSL10, GSL12, Hfr-1, and Wci-1 in wheat leaf tissues. Based on single gene silencing effects, TaMYB19, TaMYB29, and TaMYB44 contribute 55-82% of PBD responses. However, the contributions of TaMYB genes to PBD are eliminated by ethylene signalling inhibitors, while simultaneous silencing of the three TaMYB genes cancels the tested PBD responses. Therefore, TaMYB19, TaMYB29, and TaMYB44 are co-regulators of wheat PBD and execute this function through crosstalk with the ethylene signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhai
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ping Li
- National Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Insect Pests, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yu Mei
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Mingye Chen
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiaochen Chen
- National Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Insect Pests, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Heng Xu
- National Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Insect Pests, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Hansong Dong
- National Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Insect Pests, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Chunling Zhang
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Weihua Jiang
- National Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Insect Pests, Nanjing 210095, China
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Weissinger SE, Frick M, Möller P, Horst BA, Lennerz JK. Performance Testing of RREB1, MYB, and CCND1 Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization in Spindle-Cell and Desmoplastic Melanoma Argues for a Two-Step Test Algorithm. Int J Surg Pathol 2017; 25:148-157. [PMID: 27899693 DOI: 10.1177/1066896916680072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diagnostic confirmation of spindle-cell melanoma (SM) or desmoplastic melanoma (DM) as a melanoma can be challenging. In conventional melanoma (CM), a recently established fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assay for RREB1, MYB, CCND1 can be helpful. Here, we determined the presence of RREB1, MYB, and CCND1 abnormalities in an SM/DM/mixed cohort. METHODS We assembled 49 cases and performed 3 separate hybridizations for RREB1/MYB/CCND1. We assessed clinical utility in diagnostically challenging cases and performed a cost and turnaround time analysis. RESULTS With regard to the diagnosis of melanoma, the FISH assay is 76% sensitive (n = 31/41 true positives melanomas) and 88% specific (n = 1/8 false positive desmoplastic nevi). The prevalence of abnormalities in DM is lower (12/19 cases, 63%; P = .03) than in SM (15/18 cases, 83%; P = .27), mixed (4 of 4 cases), or the reported sensitivity in CM (345/411 cases, 84%). The implied genetic differences in DM result in a higher false negative rate in DM (37%). Despite these limitations, when restricted to diagnostically challenging cases (n = 23), the FISH assay and, in particular, RREB1 was able to confirm melanoma in 70% (n = 16/23). Individual probe sensitivities ( RREB1 > MYB > CCND1) and a cost and turnaround time analysis argues for a 2-step test algorithm that reduces the economic impact of FISH testing considerably (~55%; n = 69 vs 123 hybridizations). CONCLUSION We propose a step-by-step genetic testing algorithm to support the diagnosis of melanoma in the setting of SM/DM and show that FISH testing is useful in diagnostically challenging cases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Basil A Horst
- 2 Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jochen K Lennerz
- 1 University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- 3 Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical, Boston, MA, USA
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Pereira LA, Hugo HJ, Malaterre J, Huiling X, Sonza S, Cures A, Purcell DFJ, Ramsland PA, Gerondakis S, Gonda TJ, Ramsay RG. MYB elongation is regulated by the nucleic acid binding of NFκB p50 to the intronic stem-loop region. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122919. [PMID: 25853889 PMCID: PMC4390348 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
MYB transcriptional elongation is regulated by an attenuator sequence within intron 1 that has been proposed to encode a RNA stem loop (SLR) followed by a polyU tract. We report that NFκBp50 can bind the SLR polyU RNA and promote MYB transcriptional elongation together with NFκBp65. We identified a conserved lysine-rich motif within the Rel homology domain (RHD) of NFκBp50, mutation of which abrogated the interaction of NFκBp50 with the SLR polyU and impaired NFκBp50 mediated MYB elongation. We observed that the TAR RNA-binding region of Tat is homologous to the NFκBp50 RHD lysine-rich motif, a finding consistent with HIV Tat acting as an effector of MYB transcriptional elongation in an SLR dependent manner. Furthermore, we identify the DNA binding activity of NFκBp50 as a key component required for the SLR polyU mediated regulation of MYB. Collectively these results suggest that the MYB SLR polyU provides a platform for proteins to regulate MYB and reveals novel nucleic acid binding properties of NFκBp50 required for MYB regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lloyd A. Pereira
- Differentiation and Transcription Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Locked Bag #1, Melbourne, Victoria, 8006, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Honor J. Hugo
- Victorian Breast Cancer Consortium, Invasion and Metastasis Unit, St Vincent’s Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, 3065, Australia
| | - Jordane Malaterre
- Differentiation and Transcription Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Locked Bag #1, Melbourne, Victoria, 8006, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Xu Huiling
- Differentiation and Transcription Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Locked Bag #1, Melbourne, Victoria, 8006, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
- The Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Secondo Sonza
- The Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Alina Cures
- Differentiation and Transcription Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Locked Bag #1, Melbourne, Victoria, 8006, Australia
| | - Damian F. J. Purcell
- The Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Paul A. Ramsland
- Centre for Immunology, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, 3004, Australia
- Department of Surgery (Austin Health), The University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, 3084, Australia
- Department of Immunology, Monash University, Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Melbourne, Victoria, 3004, Australia
| | - Steven Gerondakis
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Prahran, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Thomas J. Gonda
- School of Pharmacy University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, 4102, Australia
| | - Robert G. Ramsay
- Differentiation and Transcription Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Locked Bag #1, Melbourne, Victoria, 8006, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
- The Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
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11
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Tapper W, Jones AV, Kralovics R, Harutyunyan AS, Zoi K, Leung W, Godfrey AL, Guglielmelli P, Callaway A, Ward D, Aranaz P, White HE, Waghorn K, Lin F, Chase A, Joanna Baxter E, Maclean C, Nangalia J, Chen E, Evans P, Short M, Jack A, Wallis L, Oscier D, Duncombe AS, Schuh A, Mead AJ, Griffiths M, Ewing J, Gale RE, Schnittger S, Haferlach T, Stegelmann F, Döhner K, Grallert H, Strauch K, Tanaka T, Bandinelli S, Giannopoulos A, Pieri L, Mannarelli C, Gisslinger H, Barosi G, Cazzola M, Reiter A, Harrison C, Campbell P, Green AR, Vannucchi A, Cross NC. Genetic variation at MECOM, TERT, JAK2 and HBS1L-MYB predisposes to myeloproliferative neoplasms. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6691. [PMID: 25849990 PMCID: PMC4396373 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Clonal proliferation in myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) is driven by somatic mutations in JAK2, CALR or MPL, but the contribution of inherited factors is poorly characterized. Using a three-stage genome-wide association study of 3,437 MPN cases and 10,083 controls, we identify two SNPs with genome-wide significance in JAK2(V617F)-negative MPN: rs12339666 (JAK2; meta-analysis P=1.27 × 10(-10)) and rs2201862 (MECOM; meta-analysis P=1.96 × 10(-9)). Two additional SNPs, rs2736100 (TERT) and rs9376092 (HBS1L/MYB), achieve genome-wide significance when including JAK2(V617F)-positive cases. rs9376092 has a stronger effect in JAK2(V617F)-negative cases with CALR and/or MPL mutations (Breslow-Day P=4.5 × 10(-7)), whereas in JAK2(V617F)-positive cases rs9376092 associates with essential thrombocythemia (ET) rather than polycythemia vera (allelic χ(2) P=7.3 × 10(-7)). Reduced MYB expression, previously linked to development of an ET-like disease in model systems, associates with rs9376092 in normal myeloid cells. These findings demonstrate that multiple germline variants predispose to MPN and link constitutional differences in MYB expression to disease phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Tapper
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
- Wessex Regional Genetics Laboratory, Salisbury District Hospital, Salisbury SP2 8BJ, UK
| | - Amy V. Jones
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
- Wessex Regional Genetics Laboratory, Salisbury District Hospital, Salisbury SP2 8BJ, UK
| | - Robert Kralovics
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Ashot S. Harutyunyan
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Katerina Zoi
- Haematology Research Laboratory, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - William Leung
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
- Wessex Regional Genetics Laboratory, Salisbury District Hospital, Salisbury SP2 8BJ, UK
| | - Anna L. Godfrey
- Department of Haematology, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Paola Guglielmelli
- Laboratorio Congiunto MMPC, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - Alison Callaway
- Wessex Regional Genetics Laboratory, Salisbury District Hospital, Salisbury SP2 8BJ, UK
| | - Daniel Ward
- Wessex Regional Genetics Laboratory, Salisbury District Hospital, Salisbury SP2 8BJ, UK
| | - Paula Aranaz
- Wessex Regional Genetics Laboratory, Salisbury District Hospital, Salisbury SP2 8BJ, UK
| | - Helen E. White
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
- Wessex Regional Genetics Laboratory, Salisbury District Hospital, Salisbury SP2 8BJ, UK
| | - Katherine Waghorn
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
- Wessex Regional Genetics Laboratory, Salisbury District Hospital, Salisbury SP2 8BJ, UK
| | - Feng Lin
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
- Wessex Regional Genetics Laboratory, Salisbury District Hospital, Salisbury SP2 8BJ, UK
| | - Andrew Chase
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
- Wessex Regional Genetics Laboratory, Salisbury District Hospital, Salisbury SP2 8BJ, UK
| | - E. Joanna Baxter
- Department of Haematology, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Cathy Maclean
- Department of Haematology, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Jyoti Nangalia
- Department of Haematology, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Edwin Chen
- Department of Haematology, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Paul Evans
- Haematological Malignancy Diagnostic Service, St James's Institute of Oncology, Bexley Wing, St James's University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Michael Short
- Haematological Malignancy Diagnostic Service, St James's Institute of Oncology, Bexley Wing, St James's University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Andrew Jack
- Haematological Malignancy Diagnostic Service, St James's Institute of Oncology, Bexley Wing, St James's University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Louise Wallis
- Department of Haematology, Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth BH7 7DW, UK
| | - David Oscier
- Department of Haematology, Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth BH7 7DW, UK
| | - Andrew S. Duncombe
- Department of Haematology, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Anna Schuh
- Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Adam J. Mead
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Michael Griffiths
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Birmingham,, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- West Midlands Regional Genetics Laboratory, Birmingham Women's NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B15 2TG, UK
| | - Joanne Ewing
- Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Birmingham B9 5SS, UK
| | - Rosemary E. Gale
- Department of Haematology, UCL Cancer Institute, London WC1 E6BT, UK
| | | | | | - Frank Stegelmann
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm 89081, Germany
| | - Konstanze Döhner
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm 89081, Germany
| | - Harald Grallert
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Konstantin Strauch
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Toshiko Tanaka
- Longitudinal Study Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland 21224-6825, USA
| | | | - Andreas Giannopoulos
- Haematology Research Laboratory, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Lisa Pieri
- Laboratorio Congiunto MMPC, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - Carmela Mannarelli
- Laboratorio Congiunto MMPC, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - Heinz Gisslinger
- Medical University of Vienna, Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Blood Coagulation, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Giovanni Barosi
- Center for the Study of Myelofibrosis, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Mario Cazzola
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Hematology Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Andreas Reiter
- III. Medizinische Klinik, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Mannheim 68167, Germany
| | - Claire Harrison
- Department of Haematology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Peter Campbell
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Anthony R. Green
- Department of Haematology, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Alessandro Vannucchi
- Laboratorio Congiunto MMPC, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - Nicholas C.P. Cross
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
- Wessex Regional Genetics Laboratory, Salisbury District Hospital, Salisbury SP2 8BJ, UK
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12
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Lian CG, Sholl LM, Zakka LR, O TM, Liu C, Xu S, Stanek E, Garcia E, Jia Y, MacConaill LE, Murphy GF, Waner M, Mihm MC. Novel genetic mutations in a sporadic port-wine stain. JAMA Dermatol 2015; 150:1336-40. [PMID: 25188413 DOI: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2014.1244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Port-wine stains (PWSs) are common congenital cutaneous capillary malformations. A somatic GNAQ mutation was recently identified in patients with sporadic PWSs and Sturge-Weber syndrome. However, subsequent studies to confirm or extend this observation are lacking.OBSERVATIONS We report a long-standing, unilateral facial PWS of a man in his early 70s confirmed by histopathological analysis. Staged surgical excision of the vascular malformation was performed, and genomic DNA was extracted from the vascular malformation specimen and normal skin. Targeted next-generation sequencing of the coding sequence of 275 known cancer genes including GNAQ was performed in both specimens. A single-nucleotide variant(c.548G>A, p.Arg183Gln) in GNAQ was identified in the PWS-affected tissue but not in the normal skin sample. In addition, this sequencing approach uncovered several additional novel somatic mutations in the genes SMARCA4, EPHA3, MYB, PDGFR-β, and PIK3CA.CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Our findings confirm the presence of somatic mutations inGNAQ in the affected skin of a patient with congenital PWS, as well as alterations in several other novel genes of possible importance in the pathogenesis of PWS that may also offer substantial therapeutic targets.
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13
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Wang S, Li E, Porth I, Chen JG, Mansfield SD, Douglas CJ. Regulation of secondary cell wall biosynthesis by poplar R2R3 MYB transcription factor PtrMYB152 in Arabidopsis. Sci Rep 2014; 4:5054. [PMID: 24852237 PMCID: PMC4031478 DOI: 10.1038/srep05054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Poplar has 192 annotated R2R3 MYB genes, of which only three have been shown to play a role in the regulation of secondary cell wall formation. Here we report the characterization of PtrMYB152, a poplar homolog of the Arabidopsis R2R3 MYB transcription factor AtMYB43, in the regulation of secondary cell wall biosynthesis. The expression of PtrMYB152 in secondary xylem is about 18 times of that in phloem. When expressed in Arabidopsis under the control of either 35S or PtrCesA8 promoters, PtrMYB152 increased secondary cell wall thickness, which is likely caused by increased lignification. Accordingly, elevated expression of genes encoding sets of enzymes in secondary wall biosynthesis were observed in transgenic plants expressing PtrMYB152. Arabidopsis protoplast transfection assays suggested that PtrMYB152 functions as a transcriptional activator. Taken together, our results suggest that PtrMYB152 may be part of a regulatory network activating expression of discrete sets of secondary cell wall biosynthesis genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shucai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE & Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Eryang Li
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Ilga Porth
- Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Jin-Gui Chen
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Shawn D. Mansfield
- Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Carl J. Douglas
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
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14
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Cui X, Zhang Q, Chen H, Zhou J, Yuan G. ESI mass spectrometric exploration of selective recognition of G-quadruplex in c-myb oncogene promoter using a novel flexible cyclic polyamide. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2014; 25:684-691. [PMID: 24452297 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-013-0802-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Revised: 11/30/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this research, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) was used to probe the binding selectivity of a flexible cyclic polyamide (cβ) to G-quadruplexes from the long G-rich sequences in the c-myb oncogene promoter. The results show that three G-rich sequences, including d[(GGA)3GGTCAC(GGA)4], d[(GGA)4GAA(GGA)4], and d[(GGA)3GGTCAC(GGA)4GAA(GGA)4] species in the c-myb promoter can form parallel G-quadruplexes, and cβ selectively binds towards these G-quadruplexes over both several other G-quadruplexes and the duplex DNA. These properties of cβ have profound implications on future studies of the regulation of c-myb oncogene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Cui
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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15
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Mitani Y, Roberts DB, Fatani H, Weber RS, Kies MS, Lippman SM, El-Naggar AK. MicroRNA profiling of salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma: association of miR-17-92 upregulation with poor outcome. PLoS One 2013; 8:e66778. [PMID: 23825564 PMCID: PMC3692530 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a rare relentlessly progressive malignant tumor. The molecular events associated with ACC tumorigenesis are poorly understood. Variable microRNAs (miRNA) have been correlated with tumorigenesis of several solid tumors but not in ACC. To investigate the association of miRNAs with the development and/or progression of ACC, we performed a comparative analysis of primary ACC specimens and matched normal samples and a pooled salivary gland standard and correlated the results with clinicopathologic factors and validated selected miRNAs in a separate set of 30 tumors. Methods MiRNA array platform was used for the identification of target miRNAs and the data was subjected to informatics and statistical interrelations. The results were also collected with the MYB-NFIB fusion status and the clinicopathologic features. Results Differentially dysregulated miRNAs in ACC were characterized in comparison to normal expression. No significant differences in miRNA expression were found between the MYB-NFIB fusion positive and -negative ACCs. Of the highly dysregulated miRNA in ACC, overexpression of the miR-17 and miR-20a were significantly associated with poor outcome in the screening and validation sets. Conclusion Our study indicates that the upregulation of miR-17-92 may play a role in the biology of ACC and could be potentially targeted in future therapeutic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitsugu Mitani
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Dianna B. Roberts
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Hanadi Fatani
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Randal S. Weber
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Merrill S. Kies
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Scott M. Lippman
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Adel K. El-Naggar
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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16
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Williams BB, Wall M, Miao RY, Williams B, Bertoncello I, Kershaw MH, Mantamadiotis T, Haber M, Norris MD, Gautam A, Darcy PK, Ramsay RG. Induction of T cell-mediated immunity using a c-Myb DNA vaccine in a mouse model of colon cancer. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2008; 57:1635-45. [PMID: 18386000 PMCID: PMC11030567 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-008-0497-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2007] [Accepted: 02/26/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Overexpression of the proto-oncogene c-Myb occurs in more than 80% of colorectal cancer (CRC) and is associated with aggressive disease and poor prognosis. To test c-Myb as a therapeutic target in CRC we devised a DNA fusion vaccine to generate an anti-CRC immune response. c-Myb, like many tumor antigens, is weakly immunogenic as it is a "self" antigen and subject to tolerance. To break tolerance, a DNA fusion vaccine was generated comprising wild-type c-Myb cDNA flanked by two potent Th epitopes derived from tetanus toxin. Vaccination was performed targeting a highly aggressive, weakly immunogenic, subcutaneous, syngeneic, colon adenocarcinoma cell line MC38 which highly expresses c-Myb. Prophylactic intravenous vaccination significantly suppressed tumor growth, through the induction of anti-tumor immunity for which the tetanus epitopes were essential. Vaccination generated anti-tumor immunity mediated by both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and increased infiltration of immune effector cells at the tumor site. Importantly, no evidence of autoimmune pathology in endogenous c-Myb expressing tissues was detected as a consequence of breaking tolerance. In summary, these results establish c-Myb as a potential antigen for immune targeting in CRC and serve to provide proof of principle for the continuing development of DNA vaccines targeting c-Myb to bring this approach to the clinic.
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MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma/genetics
- Adenocarcinoma/immunology
- Adenocarcinoma/therapy
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- Blotting, Western
- Bone Marrow/immunology
- Bone Marrow/metabolism
- Cancer Vaccines/genetics
- Cancer Vaccines/immunology
- Cancer Vaccines/therapeutic use
- Colonic Neoplasms/genetics
- Colonic Neoplasms/immunology
- Colonic Neoplasms/therapy
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Flow Cytometry
- Genes, MHC Class I/physiology
- Genes, myb/genetics
- Green Fluorescent Proteins/genetics
- Humans
- Immunity
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Peptide Fragments/immunology
- Proto-Oncogene Mas
- Stem Cells/cytology
- Stem Cells/immunology
- Stem Cells/metabolism
- Survival Rate
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/pathology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- Tetanus Toxin/genetics
- Tetanus Toxin/immunology
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Vaccination
- Vaccines, DNA/therapeutic use
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17
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An C, Saha S, Jenkins JN, Ma DP, Scheffler BE, Kohel RJ, Yu JZ, Stelly DM. Cotton (Gossypium spp.) R2R3-MYB transcription factors SNP identification, phylogenomic characterization, chromosome localization, and linkage mapping. Theor Appl Genet 2008; 116:1015-26. [PMID: 18338155 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-008-0732-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2007] [Accepted: 02/11/2008] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
R2R3-MYB transcription factors of plants are involved in the regulation of trichome length and density. Several of them are differentially expressed during initiation and elongation of cotton fibers. We report sequence phylogenomic characterization of the six MYB genes, their chromosomal localization, and linkage mapping via SNP marker in AD-genome cotton (2n = 52). Phylogenetic grouping and comparison to At- and Dt-genome putative ancestral diploid species of allotetraploid cotton facilitated differentiation between genome-specific polymorphisms (GSPs) and marker-suitable locus-specific polymorphisms (LSPs). The SNP frequency averaged one per 77 bases overall, and one per 106 and 30 bases in coding and non-coding regions, respectively. SNP-based multivariate relationships conformed to independent evolution of the six MYB homoeologous loci in the four tetraploid species. Nucleotide diversity analysis indicated that the six MYB loci evolved more quickly in the Dt- than At-genome. The greater variation in the Dt-D genome comparisons than that in At-A genome comparisons showed no significant bias among synonymous substitution, non-synonymous substitution, and nucleotide change in non-coding regions. SNPs were concordantly mapped by deletion analysis and linkage mapping, which confirmed their value as candidate gene markers and indicated the reliability of the SNP discovery strategy in tetraploid cotton species. We consider that these SNPs may be useful for genetic dissection of economically important fiber and yield traits because of the role of these genes in fiber development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanfu An
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
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18
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Langer WJ, Devish K, Carmines PK, Lane PH. Prepubertal onset of diabetes prevents expression of renal cortical connective tissue growth factor. Pediatr Nephrol 2008; 23:275-83. [PMID: 18030501 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-007-0642-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2007] [Revised: 09/13/2007] [Accepted: 09/14/2007] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Puberty unmasks or accelerates the nephropathy of diabetes mellitus (DM). We performed focused microarray analysis to test the hypothesis that one or more genes in the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) signaling system would be differentially regulated in male rats depending on their age at onset of DM. Littermates were started on the 6-week protocol at 4 weeks or 14 weeks of age. Renal cortical RNA was isolated and analyzed using gene chips with more than 30,000 transcripts. Age-specific effects of DM were demonstrated for 1,760 transcripts. Analysis then focused on 89 genes involved in the TGF-beta signaling pathway. Three of these genes showed age-dependent responses to DM, confirmed by quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) mRNA and protein were both increased approximately 30% in the renal cortex 6 weeks after adult-onset DM, with no alteration in either parameter after juvenile onset. Follistatin and avian myelocytomatosis viral oncogene homolog mRNA both showed a similar age-related pattern of response to DM, but protein levels did not parallel mRNA for either of these gene products. Given the known roles of CTGF in progressive nephropathies, it is an attractive candidate to explain pubertal acceleration or unmasking of the kidney disease of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Langer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
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19
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Xiang X, Cao JS, Ye WZ, Cui HM, Yu JN. [Molecular cloning and characterization of BcMYBogu, a novel member of the MYB family involved in OguCMS in Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis]. Yi Chuan 2007; 29:621-8. [PMID: 17548334 DOI: 10.1360/yc-007-0621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In the attempt to elucidate the molecular mechanism of CMS. Ogura cytoplasmic male sterile (OguCMS) lines were obtained in Chinese cabbage after interspecific hybridization between Brassica. napus L. OguCMS and B. campestris ssp. chinensis followed by recurrent backcross with B. campestris ssp. chinensis as the pollen donor. The CMS lines were significantly characterized by the whitish anther and indehiscence of anther. The tapetal hypertrophy with excess vacuola-tion was the first observed defective soon after the tetrad stage, subsequently the microspores defected in pollen wall forma-tion, and later the cytoplasm detached from the exine wall and underwent degeneration. With aid of cDNA-AFLP and RACE approaches, we cloned the BcMYBogu(GenBank accession No: EF127861) in Chinese cabbage, which is premature expressed in early and middle stage floral buds of OguCMS lines, and predicted to encode a novel protein with a DNA binding domain: SH[AL]QKY[RF] motif at the N-terminus. Phylogenetic comparison revealed that the BcMYBogu was clustered with AtMYB32, AtMYB26 and AtMYB4, which were indicated to be involved in male sterility in Arabidopsis thaliana. The BcMYBogu transcript was detected in rosette leaves, floral buds and stems by RT-PCR analysis. Compared with the maintainer, the expression level of BcMYBogu was increased in these organs, especially in floral buds of OguCMS lines. Our investigation suggests that BcMYBogu is a new member of the MYB family involved in male sterility in Chinese cabbage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Xiang
- Key Laboratory on Growth and Development of Horticulture and Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Vegetable Science , Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China.
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20
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Lahortiga I, De Keersmaecker K, Van Vlierberghe P, Graux C, Cauwelier B, Lambert F, Mentens N, Beverloo HB, Pieters R, Speleman F, Odero MD, Bauters M, Froyen G, Marynen P, Vandenberghe P, Wlodarska I, Meijerink JPP, Cools J. Duplication of the MYB oncogene in T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Nat Genet 2007; 39:593-5. [PMID: 17435759 DOI: 10.1038/ng2025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2007] [Accepted: 03/14/2007] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We identified a duplication of the MYB oncogene in 8.4% of individuals with T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) and in five T-ALL cell lines. The duplication is associated with a threefold increase in MYB expression, and knockdown of MYB expression initiates T cell differentiation. Our results identify duplication of MYB as an oncogenic event and suggest that MYB could be a therapeutic target in human T-ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idoya Lahortiga
- Human Genome Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Developmental Genetics, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB), Leuven, Belgium
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21
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Tsujioka M, Zhukovskaya N, Yamada Y, Fukuzawa M, Ross S, Williams JG. Dictyostelium Myb transcription factors function at culmination as activators of ancillary stalk differentiation. Eukaryot Cell 2007; 6:568-70. [PMID: 17237363 PMCID: PMC1828921 DOI: 10.1128/ec.00373-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
ecmB and mrrA are expressed in the cups that cradle Dictyostelium spore heads, and MybE is necessary for their expression in lower but not upper cup cells. A Myb site within the mrrA promoter is necessary for expression in both cups. Thus, multiple Myb proteins are required for ancillary stalk differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatsune Tsujioka
- University of Dundee, MSI/WTB Complex, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
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22
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Takos AM, Jaffé FW, Jacob SR, Bogs J, Robinson SP, Walker AR. Light-induced expression of a MYB gene regulates anthocyanin biosynthesis in red apples. Plant Physiol 2006; 142:1216-32. [PMID: 17012405 PMCID: PMC1630764 DOI: 10.1104/pp.106.088104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 561] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2006] [Accepted: 09/07/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanins are secondary metabolites found in higher plants that contribute to the colors of flowers and fruits. In apples (Malus domestica Borkh.), several steps of the anthocyanin pathway are coordinately regulated, suggesting control by common transcription factors. A gene encoding an R2R3 MYB transcription factor was isolated from apple (cv Cripps' Pink) and designated MdMYB1. Analysis of the deduced amino acid sequence suggests that this gene encodes an ortholog of anthocyanin regulators in other plants. The expression of MdMYB1 in both Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants and cultured grape cells induced the ectopic synthesis of anthocyanin. In the grape (Vitis vinifera) cells MdMYB1 stimulated transcription from the promoters of two apple genes encoding anthocyanin biosynthetic enzymes. In ripening apple fruit the transcription of MdMYB1 was correlated with anthocyanin synthesis in red skin sectors of fruit. When dark-grown fruit were exposed to sunlight, MdMYB1 transcript levels increased over several days, correlating with anthocyanin synthesis in the skin. MdMYB1 gene transcripts were more abundant in red skin apple cultivars compared to non-red skin cultivars. Several polymorphisms were identified in the promoter of MdMYB1. A derived cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence marker designed to one of these polymorphisms segregated with the inheritance of skin color in progeny from a cross of an unnamed red skin selection (a sibling of Cripps' Pink) and the non-red skin cultivar Golden Delicious. We conclude that MdMYB1 coordinately regulates genes in the anthocyanin pathway and the expression level of this regulator is the genetic basis for apple skin color.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam M Takos
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Plant Industry, Adelaide Laboratory, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia
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23
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Takos AM, Jaffé FW, Jacob SR, Bogs J, Robinson SP, Walker AR. Light-induced expression of a MYB gene regulates anthocyanin biosynthesis in red apples. Plant Physiol 2006. [PMID: 17012405 DOI: 10.1104/pp.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanins are secondary metabolites found in higher plants that contribute to the colors of flowers and fruits. In apples (Malus domestica Borkh.), several steps of the anthocyanin pathway are coordinately regulated, suggesting control by common transcription factors. A gene encoding an R2R3 MYB transcription factor was isolated from apple (cv Cripps' Pink) and designated MdMYB1. Analysis of the deduced amino acid sequence suggests that this gene encodes an ortholog of anthocyanin regulators in other plants. The expression of MdMYB1 in both Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants and cultured grape cells induced the ectopic synthesis of anthocyanin. In the grape (Vitis vinifera) cells MdMYB1 stimulated transcription from the promoters of two apple genes encoding anthocyanin biosynthetic enzymes. In ripening apple fruit the transcription of MdMYB1 was correlated with anthocyanin synthesis in red skin sectors of fruit. When dark-grown fruit were exposed to sunlight, MdMYB1 transcript levels increased over several days, correlating with anthocyanin synthesis in the skin. MdMYB1 gene transcripts were more abundant in red skin apple cultivars compared to non-red skin cultivars. Several polymorphisms were identified in the promoter of MdMYB1. A derived cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence marker designed to one of these polymorphisms segregated with the inheritance of skin color in progeny from a cross of an unnamed red skin selection (a sibling of Cripps' Pink) and the non-red skin cultivar Golden Delicious. We conclude that MdMYB1 coordinately regulates genes in the anthocyanin pathway and the expression level of this regulator is the genetic basis for apple skin color.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam M Takos
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Plant Industry, Adelaide Laboratory, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia
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24
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Liu H, Zhao YY, Gong W, Shi JP, Fu LY, Wang J, Li GY, Lü JY. [Correlation analysis and identification of G421C in regulatory region of CYP4F2 gene with essential hypertension]. Zhongguo Yi Xue Ke Xue Yuan Xue Bao 2006; 28:143-7. [PMID: 16733892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the correlation between G421C polymorphism in the regulatory region of CYP4F2 gene and essential hypertension and its molecular mechanism. METHODS Totally 196 hypertensive patients (hypertension group) and 219 normotensive subjects (control group) were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. The promoter activity with different alleles was evaluated by reporter assay. A Myb responsive element was identified using gel retardation assay. RESULTS Significant differences were found in distribution of genotype and allele frequency of G421C between hypertension group and control group (P < 0.05), and homozygous GG genotype was independently associated with hypertension after adjustment for age, gender, body mass index, and other risk factors (odds ratios 1.87, 95% CI 1.11-3.13, P < 0.05). 421G reporter construct showed decreased promoter activity compared with 421C reporter construct. 421G existed in Myb responsive element, whereas 421C damaged this motif. CONCLUSION G421C polymorphism in the regulatory region of CYP4F2 gene is correlated with essential hypertension. 421G allele inhibits transcription by binding affinity of Myb responsive element.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Liu
- Department of Medical Genetics, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
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25
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Yanhui C, Xiaoyuan Y, Kun H, Meihua L, Jigang L, Zhaofeng G, Zhiqiang L, Yunfei Z, Xiaoxiao W, Xiaoming Q, Yunping S, Li Z, Xiaohui D, Jingchu L, Xing-Wang D, Zhangliang C, Hongya G, Li-Jia Q. The MYB transcription factor superfamily of Arabidopsis: expression analysis and phylogenetic comparison with the rice MYB family. Plant Mol Biol 2006; 60:107-24. [PMID: 16463103 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-005-2910-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 580] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2005] [Accepted: 09/07/2005] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
MYB proteins are a superfamily of transcription factors that play regulatory roles in developmental processes and defense responses in plants. We identified 198 genes in the MYB superfamily from an analysis of the complete Arabidopsis genome sequence, among them, 126 are R2R3-MYB, 5 are R1R2R3-MYB, 64 are MYB-related, and 3 atypical MYB genes. Here we report the expression profiles of 163 genes in the Arabidopsis MYB superfamily whose full-length open reading frames have been isolated. This analysis indicated that the expression for most of the Arabidopsis MYB genes were responsive to one or multiple types of hormone and stress treatments. A phylogenetic comparison of the members of this superfamily in Arabidopsis and rice suggested that the Arabidopsis MYB superfamily underwent a rapid expansion after its divergence from monocots but before its divergence from other dicots. It is likely that the MYB-related family was more ancient than the R2R3-MYB gene family, or had evolved more rapidly. Therefore, the MYB gene superfamily represents an excellent system for investigating the evolution of large and complex gene families in higher plants. Our comprehensive analysis of this largest transcription factor superfamily of Arabidopsis and rice may help elucidate the possible biological roles of the MYB genes in various aspects of flowering plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yanhui
- Peking-Yale Joint Center for Plant Molecular Genetics and AgroBiotechnology, National Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering and Plant Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Phelps-Durr TL, Thomas J, Vahab P, Timmermans MCP. Maize rough sheath2 and its Arabidopsis orthologue ASYMMETRIC LEAVES1 interact with HIRA, a predicted histone chaperone, to maintain knox gene silencing and determinacy during organogenesis. Plant Cell 2005; 17:2886-98. [PMID: 16243907 PMCID: PMC1276017 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.105.035477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Plant shoots are characterized by indeterminate growth resulting from the action of a population of stem cells in the shoot apical meristem (SAM). Indeterminacy within the SAM is specified in part by the class I knox homeobox genes. The myb domain proteins rough sheath2 (RS2) and ASYMMETRIC LEAVES1 (AS1) from maize (Zea mays) and Arabidopsis thaliana, respectively, are required to establish determinacy during leaf development. These proteins are part of a cellular memory system that in response to a stem cell-derived signal keeps knox genes in an off state during organogenesis. Here, we show that RS2/AS1 can form conserved protein complexes through interaction with the DNA binding factor ASYMMETRIC LEAVES2, a predicted RNA binding protein (RIK, for RS2-Interacting KH protein), and a homologue of the chromatin-remodeling protein HIRA. Partial loss of HIRA function in Arabidopsis results in developmental defects comparable to those of as1 and causes reactivation of knox genes in developing leaves, demonstrating a direct role for HIRA in knox gene repression and the establishment of determinacy during leaf formation. Our data suggest that RS2/AS1 and HIRA mediate the epigenetic silencing of knox genes, possibly by modulating chromatin structure. Components of this process are conserved in animals, suggesting the possibility that a similar epigenetic mechanism maintains determinacy during both plant and animal development.
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Phelps-Durr TL, Thomas J, Vahab P, Timmermans MCP. Maize rough sheath2 and its Arabidopsis orthologue ASYMMETRIC LEAVES1 interact with HIRA, a predicted histone chaperone, to maintain knox gene silencing and determinacy during organogenesis. Plant Cell 2005; 17:2886-2898. [PMID: 16243907 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.105.035477.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Plant shoots are characterized by indeterminate growth resulting from the action of a population of stem cells in the shoot apical meristem (SAM). Indeterminacy within the SAM is specified in part by the class I knox homeobox genes. The myb domain proteins rough sheath2 (RS2) and ASYMMETRIC LEAVES1 (AS1) from maize (Zea mays) and Arabidopsis thaliana, respectively, are required to establish determinacy during leaf development. These proteins are part of a cellular memory system that in response to a stem cell-derived signal keeps knox genes in an off state during organogenesis. Here, we show that RS2/AS1 can form conserved protein complexes through interaction with the DNA binding factor ASYMMETRIC LEAVES2, a predicted RNA binding protein (RIK, for RS2-Interacting KH protein), and a homologue of the chromatin-remodeling protein HIRA. Partial loss of HIRA function in Arabidopsis results in developmental defects comparable to those of as1 and causes reactivation of knox genes in developing leaves, demonstrating a direct role for HIRA in knox gene repression and the establishment of determinacy during leaf formation. Our data suggest that RS2/AS1 and HIRA mediate the epigenetic silencing of knox genes, possibly by modulating chromatin structure. Components of this process are conserved in animals, suggesting the possibility that a similar epigenetic mechanism maintains determinacy during both plant and animal development.
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Abstract
B-MYB belongs to the MYB family of transcription factors that include A-MYB and c-MYB. While A-MYB and c-MYB are tissue-specific, B-MYB is broadly expressed in rapidly dividing cells of developing or adult mammals. B-MYBs liaisons with important players of the cell cycle and transcription machinery, such as E2F and retinoblastoma proteins, suggest that its essential function in stem cell formation and mammalian development could be related to its ability to directly or indirectly impinge on gene expression. Besides its role in the cell cycle, B-MYB has been shown to promote cell survival by activating antiapoptotic genes such as ApoJ/clusterin and BCL2. Here, we discuss how B-MYB could be implicated in tumourigenesis by regulating gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Sala
- Molecular Haematology and Cancer Biology Unit, Institute of Child Health, WC1N 1EH London, UK.
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Poenitz N, Simon-Ackermann J, Gratchev A, Qadoumi M, Klemke CD, Stadler R, Kremer A, Radenhausen M, Henke U, Assaf C, Utikal J, Goerdt S, Dippel E. Overexpression of c- myb in Leukaemic and Non-Leukaemic Variants of Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma. Dermatology 2005; 211:84-92. [PMID: 16088151 DOI: 10.1159/000086434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2004] [Accepted: 10/25/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The c-myb oncogene is a transcription factor that regulates proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis of haematopoietic cells and activated T cells by binding to promoter sequences of such genes as c-myc or bcl-2 that are expressed in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL). OBJECTIVE Our study was performed in order to evaluate c-myb expression as a quantitative parameter for differential diagnosis in leukaemic and non-leukaemic variants of CTCL. METHODS c-myb expression was analysed in lesional skin and in the peripheral blood of 21 patients with mycosis fungoides (MF), 15 patients with Sézary syndrome (SS) and 15 patients with inflammatory skin diseases using immunohistochemistry and semiquantitative as well as quantitative RT-PCR. RESULTS Immunohistochemistry confirmed expression of c-myb in the lesional skin of the majority of CTCL patients with a tendency towards higher expression in SS (1.86 +/- 0.5) versus MF (1.2 +/- 0.7) while c-myb was absent from the lesional skin of patients with inflammatory skin diseases. c-myb was overexpressed in the peripheral blood in all SS patients (100% SS vs. 35.7% MF) at a high expression level (51,335.31 +/- 31,960.32 AU in SS vs. 1,226.35 +/- 1,258.29 AU in MF using semiquantitative RT-PCR, and 5.72 x 10(-2) +/- 2.27 x 10(-2) in SS vs. 0.91 x 10(-2) +/- 1.18 x 10(-2) in MF vs. 0.24 x 10(-2) +/- 0.11 x 10(-2) in inflammatory skin disease using quantitative RT-PCR). CD4+ cells from the peripheral blood of SS patients and cell lines in vitro showed the highest c-myb expression levels upon quantitative RT-PCR (23.27 x 10(-2) and 10.78 x 10(-2) +/- 7.24 x 10(-2)). CONCLUSION Overexpression of c-myb in skin lesions of both non-leukaemic and leukaemic CTCL independent of the stage of the disease indicates that it acts early in disease development. Nevertheless, if positive, c-myb expression in lesional skin is a clear-cut diagnostic marker for CTCL as compared to inflammatory skin diseases. High-level expression of c-myb in the peripheral blood as assessed by quantitative RT-PCR constitutes an additional diagnostic parameter for SS and may be especially useful in cases in which morphological determination of Sézary cells or FACS analysis of CD7 and CD26 remain inconclusive.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Age Factors
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Biomarkers, Tumor/blood
- Blotting, Southern
- Case-Control Studies
- Cohort Studies
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Genes, myb/genetics
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous/blood
- Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous/genetics
- Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous/pathology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Mycosis Fungoides/blood
- Mycosis Fungoides/genetics
- Mycosis Fungoides/pathology
- Neoplasm Staging
- Prognosis
- Reference Values
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Risk Assessment
- Sensitivity and Specificity
- Sex Factors
- Sezary Syndrome/genetics
- Sezary Syndrome/mortality
- Sezary Syndrome/pathology
- Skin Neoplasms/genetics
- Skin Neoplasms/mortality
- Skin Neoplasms/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- N Poenitz
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Ruprecht Karl University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.
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30
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The diagnosis and classification of lymphoma require correlation of morphologic, immunophenotypic, and molecular-cytogenetic studies. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) is a valuable diagnostic technique that allows material to be collected for these ancillary studies, and for morphologic evaluation. METHODS The authors report a series of seven cases clinically or morphologically suspicious for Burkitt lymphoma. Fluorescence in situ hybridization studies (FISH) for c-myc were performed on FNAB material and correlated with cytologic and immunophenotypic data. RESULTS Six of seven specimens were positive for c-myc rearrangement by FISH. However, only three of these cases represented Burkitt lymphoma, with one additional case of atypical Burkitt lymphoma. The other cases included diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, monomorphic posttransplant B-cell lymphoma, and an aggressive B-cell lymphoma, with the latter case negative for c-myc rearrangement by FISH. Of 2 non-Burkitt lymphoma specimens tested, 1 was positive for the immunoglobulin H/bcl-2 rearrangement, in addition to the c-myc rearrangement, suggesting transformation from a lower grade lymphoma. CONCLUSIONS These cases illustrated the value of FNAB in the diagnosis of Burkitt lymphoma, as well as the importance of obtaining material for, and integrating results of, ancillary studies for the final diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan L Troxell
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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Metcalf D, Carpinelli MR, Hyland C, Mifsud S, Dirago L, Nicola NA, Hilton DJ, Alexander WS. Anomalous megakaryocytopoiesis in mice with mutations in the c-Myb gene. Blood 2005; 105:3480-7. [PMID: 15665109 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2004-12-4806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mpl(-/-) mice bearing the Plt3 or Plt4 mutations in the c-Myb gene exhibit thrombopoietin (TPO)-independent supraphysiological platelet production accompanied by excessive megakaryocytopoiesis and defective erythroid and lymphoid cell production. To better define the cellular basis for the thrombocytosis in these mice, we analyzed the production and characteristics of megakaryocytes and their progenitors. Consistent with thrombocytosis arising from hyperactive production, the high platelet counts in mice carrying the c-Myb(Plt4) allele were not accompanied by any significant alteration in platelet half-life. Megakaryocytes in c-Myb mutant mice displayed reduced modal DNA ploidy and, among the excessive numbers of megakaryocyte progenitor cells, more mature precursors were particularly evident. Megakaryocyte progenitor cells carrying the Plt3 or Plt4 c-Myb mutations, but not granulocyte-macrophage progenitors, exhibited 200-fold enhanced responsiveness to granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), suggesting that altered responses to cytokines may contribute to expanded megakaryocytopoiesis. Mutant preprogenitor (blast colony-forming) cells appeared to have little capacity to form megakaryocyte progenitor cells. In contrast, the spleens of irradiated mice 12 days after transplantation with mutant bone marrow contained abundant megakaryocyte progenitor cells, suggesting that altered c-Myb activity skews differentiation commitment in spleen colony-forming units (CFU-S) in favor of excess megakaryocytopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald Metcalf
- Division of Cancer and Hematology, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
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32
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Davidson CJ, Tirouvanziam R, Herzenberg LA, Lipsick JS. Functional evolution of the vertebrate Myb gene family: B-Myb, but neither A-Myb nor c-Myb, complements Drosophila Myb in hemocytes. Genetics 2005; 169:215-29. [PMID: 15489525 PMCID: PMC1448883 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.104.034132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2004] [Accepted: 10/07/2004] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The duplication of genes and genomes is believed to be a major force in the evolution of eukaryotic organisms. However, different models have been presented about how duplicated genes are preserved from elimination by purifying selection. Preservation of one of the gene copies due to rare mutational events that result in a new gene function (neofunctionalization) necessitates that the other gene copy retain its ancestral function. Alternatively, preservation of both gene copies due to rapid divergence of coding and noncoding regions such that neither retains the complete function of the ancestral gene (subfunctionalization) may result in a requirement for both gene copies for organismal survival. The duplication and divergence of the tandemly arrayed homeotic clusters have been studied in considerable detail and have provided evidence in support of the subfunctionalization model. However, the vast majority of duplicated genes are not clustered tandemly, but instead are dispersed in syntenic regions on different chromosomes, most likely as a result of genome-wide duplications and rearrangements. The Myb oncogene family provides an interesting opportunity to study a dispersed multigene family because invertebrates possess a single Myb gene, whereas all vertebrate genomes examined thus far contain three different Myb genes (A-Myb, B-Myb, and c-Myb). A-Myb and c-Myb appear to have arisen by a second round of gene duplication, which was preceded by the acquisition of a transcriptional activation domain in the ancestral A-Myb/c-Myb gene generated from the initial duplication of an ancestral B-Myb-like gene. B-Myb appears to be essential in all dividing cells, whereas A-Myb and c-Myb display tissue-specific requirements during spermatogenesis and hematopoiesis, respectively. We now report that the absence of Drosophila Myb (Dm-Myb) causes a failure of larval hemocyte proliferation and lymph gland development, while Dm-Myb(-/-) hemocytes from mosaic larvae reveal a phagocytosis defect. In addition, we show that vertebrate B-Myb, but neither vertebrate A-Myb nor c-Myb, can complement these hemocyte proliferation defects in Drosophila. Indeed, vertebrate A-Myb and c-Myb cause lethality in the presence or absence of endogenous Dm-Myb. These results are consistent with a neomorphic origin of an ancestral A-Myb/c-Myb gene from a duplicated B-Myb-like gene. In addition, our results suggest that B-Myb and Dm-Myb share essential conserved functions that are required for cell proliferation. Finally, these experiments demonstrate the utility of genetic complementation in Drosophila to explore the functional evolution of duplicated genes in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin J Davidson
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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Abstract
AIM: To investigate the effects of c-myb antisense RNA on cell proliferation and the expression of c-myb, TGF-β1 and α1-I collagen in cultured hepatic stellate cells (HSC) from rats.
METHODS: Recombinant retroviral vector of c-myb antisense gene (pDOR-myb) was constructed, and then transfected into retroviral package cell line PA317 by means of DOTAP. The pseudoviruses produced from the resistant PA317 cells were selected with G418 to infect HSCs isolated from rat livers. The cell proliferation was measured by 3-[4, 5-Dimethylthiazolzyl]-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazo-dium bromide (MTT) method.The expression of c-myb, α1-I collagen and TGF-β1 mRNA, and c-myb protein in HSCs was detected with semi-quantitive reverse transeription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western-blot respectively.
RESULTS: HSCs from rats were isolated successfully with the viability > 98%. In the pDOR-myb infected HSCs, the c-myb protein expression, cell proliferation,and α1-I collagen and TGF-β1 mRNA expression were repressed significantly compared with their corresponding control groups (P < 0.01).
CONCLUSION: c-myb plays a key role in activation and proliferation of HSC. c-myb antisense RNA can inhibit cell proliferation, α1-I collagen and TGF-β1 mRNA expression, suggesting that inhibition of c-myb gene expression might be a potential way for the treatment of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Hui Ma
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the 3rd Affiliated Hospital, Sun-Yat Sen University, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong Province, China. lucam@.com
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Wan J, Winn LM. The effects of benzene and the metabolites phenol and catechol on c-Myb and Pim-1 signaling in HD3 cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2004; 201:194-201. [PMID: 15541759 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2004.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2004] [Accepted: 05/26/2004] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to the environmental toxicant benzene has been proposed to lead to leukemogenesis. The transcription factor c-Myb plays a role in blood cell differentiation and can be regulated by the serine-threonine kinase Pim-1. Overexpressed versions of c-Myb and Pim-1 are believed to play a key role in the development of a wide variety of leukemias and tumors. In our study, we evaluated the effects of benzene and the metabolites catechol and phenol on c-Myb signaling to investigate our hypothesis that benzene exerts its toxicity by interfering with this pathway. To evaluate this hypothesis, HD3 chicken erythroblast cells were transiently transfected with a c-Myb responsive luciferase reporter plasmid and then exposed to benzene, catechol, or phenol (0-300 microM) for 1-24 h before nonproprietary dual luciferase activities were measured. Our results demonstrated that catechol exposure caused a time- and concentration-dependent increase in c-Myb activity with significance occurring at 100 and 300 microM after 24 h of exposure, which was independent of increased Pim-1 protein, but dependent on increased c-Myb phosphorylation. Benzene and phenol exposure resulted in small but significant decreases in c-Myb activity that were not dose- and time-dependent, nor was increased Pim-1 protein involved. These results are consistent with other studies, which suggest metabolite differences in benzene-mediated toxicity. More importantly, this study supports the hypothesis that benzene may mediate its toxicity through metabolite-mediated alterations in the c-Myb signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Wan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada K7L 3N6
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Abstract
Previous reports have suggested that the protooncogene c-myb participates in T cell development in the thymus and mature T cell proliferation. We have generated two T cell-specific c-myb knockout mouse models, myb/LckCre and myb/CD4Cre. We have demonstrated that c-myb is required for the development of thymocytes at the DN3 stage, for survival and proliferation of double-positive thymocytes, for differentiation of single-positive CD4 and CD8 T cells, and for the proliferative responses of mature T cells. In addition, our data show that c-myb is directly involved in the formation of double-positive CD4+CD8+CD25+, CD4+CD25+, and CD8+CD25+ T cells, developmental processes that may imply a role for c-myb in autoimmune dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen K Lieu
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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Wang S, Wang JW, Yu N, Li CH, Luo B, Gou JY, Wang LJ, Chen XY. Control of plant trichome development by a cotton fiber MYB gene. Plant Cell 2004; 16:2323-34. [PMID: 15316114 PMCID: PMC520936 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.104.024844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2004] [Accepted: 07/05/2004] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Cotton (Gossypium spp) plants produce seed trichomes (cotton fibers) that are an important commodity worldwide; however, genes controlling cotton fiber development have not been characterized. In Arabidopsis thaliana the MYB gene GLABRA1 (GL1) is a central regulator of trichome development. Here, we show that promoter of a cotton fiber gene, RD22-like1 (RDL1), contains a homeodomain binding L1 box and a MYB binding motif that confer trichome-specific expression in Arabidopsis. A cotton MYB protein GaMYB2/Fiber Factor 1 transactivated the RDL1 promoter both in yeast and in planta. Real-time PCR and in situ analysis showed that GaMYB2 is predominantly expressed early in developing cotton fibers. After transferring into Arabidopsis, GL1::GaMYB2 rescued trichome formation of a gl1 mutant, and interestingly, 35S::GaMYB2 induced seed-trichome production. We further demonstrate that the first intron of both GL1 and GaMYB2 plays a role in patterning trichomes: it acts as an enhancer in trichome and a repressor in nontrichome cells, generating a trichome-specific pattern of MYB gene expression. Disruption of a MYB motif conserved in intron 1 of GL1, WEREWOLF, and GaMYB2 genes affected trichome production. These results suggest that cotton and Arabidopsis use similar transcription factors for regulating trichomes and that GaMYB2 may be a key regulator of cotton fiber development.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Motifs/genetics
- Enhancer Elements, Genetic/genetics
- Evolution, Molecular
- Gene Expression Regulation, Plant/genetics
- Gene Transfer Techniques
- Genes, myb/genetics
- Genes, myb/physiology
- Gossypium/genetics
- Gossypium/growth & development
- Gossypium/ultrastructure
- Introns/genetics
- Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Phylogeny
- Plants, Genetically Modified/genetics
- Plants, Genetically Modified/growth & development
- Plants, Genetically Modified/metabolism
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics
- Protein Structure, Tertiary/genetics
- Repressor Proteins/genetics
- Seeds/genetics
- Seeds/growth & development
- Seeds/ultrastructure
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Shui Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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Jiang C, Gu X, Peterson T. Identification of conserved gene structures and carboxy-terminal motifs in the Myb gene family of Arabidopsis and Oryza sativa L. ssp. indica. Genome Biol 2004; 5:R46. [PMID: 15239831 PMCID: PMC463303 DOI: 10.1186/gb-2004-5-7-r46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2003] [Revised: 03/23/2004] [Accepted: 05/29/2004] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Myb genes from Arabidopsis and rice were clustered into subgroups. The distribution of introns in the phylogenetic tree suggests that introns were inserted during evolution. Background Myb proteins contain a conserved DNA-binding domain composed of one to four repeat motifs (referred to as R0R1R2R3); each repeat is approximately 50 amino acids in length, with regularly spaced tryptophan residues. Although the Myb proteins comprise one of the largest families of transcription factors in plants, little is known about the functions of most Myb genes. Here we use computational techniques to classify Myb genes on the basis of sequence similarity and gene structure, and to identify possible functional relationships among subgroups of Myb genes from Arabidopsis and rice (Oryza sativa L. ssp. indica). Results This study analyzed 130 Myb genes from Arabidopsis and 85 from rice. The collected Myb proteins were clustered into subgroups based on sequence similarity and phylogeny. Interestingly, the exon-intron structure differed between subgroups, but was conserved in the same subgroup. Moreover, the Myb domains contained a significant excess of phase 1 and 2 introns, as well as an excess of nonsymmetric exons. Conserved motifs were detected in carboxy-terminal coding regions of Myb genes within subgroups. In contrast, no common regulatory motifs were identified in the noncoding regions. Additionally, some Myb genes with similar functions were clustered in the same subgroups. Conclusions The distribution of introns in the phylogenetic tree suggests that Myb domains originally were compact in size; introns were inserted and the splicing sites conserved during evolution. Conserved motifs identified in the carboxy-terminal regions are specific for Myb genes, and the identified Myb gene subgroups may reflect functional conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cizhong Jiang
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, and Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Xun Gu
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, and Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
- LHB Center for Bioinformatics and Biological Statistics, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Thomas Peterson
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, and Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
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Shetzline SE, Rallapalli R, Dowd KJ, Zou S, Nakata Y, Swider CR, Kalota A, Choi JK, Gewirtz AM. Neuromedin U: a Myb-regulated autocrine growth factor for human myeloid leukemias. Blood 2004; 104:1833-40. [PMID: 15187020 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2003-10-3577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The c-myb proto-oncogene has been implicated in leukemogenesis, but possible mechanisms remain ill defined. To gain further insight to this process, we used transcript profiling in K562 cells expressing a dominant-negative Myb (MERT) protein. A total of 105 potential Myb gene targets were identified. Neuromedin U (NmU), a peptide affecting calcium transport, underwent the greatest expression change ( approximately 5-fold decrease). To verify a linkage between c-myb and NmU, their mRNA levels were quantitated using real-time polymerase chain reaction in primary acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL), as well as normal hematopoietic cells. We found that c-myb was elevated in AML and ALL samples, but NmU expression was increased only in AML cells. Significantly, only AML cells expressed the cognate receptor of NmU, NMU1R, suggesting the presence of a novel autocrine loop. We examined this possibility in detail. Exogenous NmU "rescued" growth suppression in K562-MERT cells and stimulated the growth of primary AML cells. Short interfering RNA "knockdown" of NmU in K562 cells arrested cell growth. Exposing Indo-1-labeled K562 cells to NmU induced an intracellular Ca(++) flux consistent with engagement of the NMU1R. Combined, these results suggest that NmU expression is related to Myb and that the NmU/NMU1R axis constitutes a previously unknown growth-promoting autocrine loop in myeloid leukemia cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan E Shetzline
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 421 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Ramsay RG, Micallef S, Lightowler S, Mucenski ML, Mantamadiotis T, Bertoncello I. c-myb Heterozygous mice are hypersensitive to 5-fluorouracil and ionizing radiation. Mol Cancer Res 2004; 2:354-61. [PMID: 15235111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Hypersensitivity to chemo- and radiotherapy employed during cancer treatment complicates patient management. Identifying mutations in genes that compromise tissue recovery would rationalize treatment and may spare hypersensitive patients undue tissue damage. Genes that govern stem cell homeostasis, survival, and progenitor cell maintenance are of particular interest in this regard. We used wild-type and c-myb knock-out mice as model systems to explore stem and progenitor cell numbers and sensitivity to cytotoxic damage in two radiosensitive tissue compartments, the bone marrow and colon. Because c-myb null mice are not viable, we used c-myb heterozygous mice to test for defects in stem-progenitor cell pool recovery following gamma-radiation and 5-fluorouracil treatment, showing that c-myb(+/-) mice are hypersensitive to both agents. While apoptosis is comparable in mutant and wild-type mice following radiation exposure, the crypt beds of c-myb(+/-) mice are markedly depleted of proliferating cells. Extrapolating from these data, we speculate that acute responses to cytotoxic damage in some patients may also be attributed to compromised c-myb function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert G Ramsay
- Differentiation and Transcription Laboratory, Trescowthick Research Laboratories, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne 8006, Australia.
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Close J, Game L, Clark B, Bergounioux J, Gerovassili A, Thein SL. Genome annotation of a 1.5 Mb region of human chromosome 6q23 encompassing a quantitative trait locus for fetal hemoglobin expression in adults. BMC Genomics 2004; 5:33. [PMID: 15169551 PMCID: PMC441375 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-5-33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2004] [Accepted: 05/31/2004] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Heterocellular hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin (HPFH) is a common multifactorial trait characterized by a modest increase of fetal hemoglobin levels in adults. We previously localized a Quantitative Trait Locus for HPFH in an extensive Asian-Indian kindred to chromosome 6q23. As part of the strategy of positional cloning and a means towards identification of the specific genetic alteration in this family, a thorough annotation of the candidate interval based on a strategy of in silico / wet biology approach with comparative genomics was conducted. Results The ~1.5 Mb candidate region was shown to contain five protein-coding genes. We discovered a very large uncharacterized gene containing WD40 and SH3 domains (AHI1), and extended the annotation of four previously characterized genes (MYB, ALDH8A1, HBS1L and PDE7B). We also identified several genes that do not appear to be protein coding, and generated 17 kb of novel transcript sequence data from re-sequencing 97 EST clones. Conclusion Detailed and thorough annotation of this 1.5 Mb interval in 6q confirms a high level of aberrant transcripts in testicular tissue. The candidate interval was shown to exhibit an extraordinary level of alternate splicing – 19 transcripts were identified for the 5 protein coding genes, but it appears that a significant portion (14/19) of these alternate transcripts did not have an open reading frame, hence their functional role is questionable. These transcripts may result from aberrant rather than regulated splicing.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Close
- Department of Haematological Medicine, GKT School of Medicine, King's Denmark Hill Campus, Bessemer Road, London, SE5 9PJ, UK
- SANE POWIC, Warneford Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK
| | - Laurence Game
- Department of Haematological Medicine, GKT School of Medicine, King's Denmark Hill Campus, Bessemer Road, London, SE5 9PJ, UK
- CSC-IC Microarray Centre, 2nd floor, L-block, Room 221, Imperial College Faculty of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Barnaby Clark
- Department of Haematological Medicine, GKT School of Medicine, King's Denmark Hill Campus, Bessemer Road, London, SE5 9PJ, UK
| | - Jean Bergounioux
- Department of Haematological Medicine, GKT School of Medicine, King's Denmark Hill Campus, Bessemer Road, London, SE5 9PJ, UK
- Unité de soins intensif pédiatrique, Hôpital Universitaire Krémlin Bicêtre, 63 av. Gabriel Péri, 94270 Le Krémlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Ageliki Gerovassili
- Department of Haematological Medicine, GKT School of Medicine, King's Denmark Hill Campus, Bessemer Road, London, SE5 9PJ, UK
| | - Swee Lay Thein
- Department of Haematological Medicine, GKT School of Medicine, King's Denmark Hill Campus, Bessemer Road, London, SE5 9PJ, UK
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Nomura T, Tanikawa J, Akimaru H, Kanei-Ishii C, Ichikawa-Iwata E, Khan MM, Ito H, Ishii S. Oncogenic activation of c-Myb correlates with a loss of negative regulation by TIF1beta and Ski. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:16715-26. [PMID: 14761981 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m313069200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The c-myb proto-oncogene product (c-Myb) regulates proliferation of hematopoietic cells by inducing the transcription of a group of target genes. Removal or mutations of the negative regulatory domain (NRD) in the C-terminal half of c-Myb leads to increased transactivating capacity and oncogenic activation. Here we report that TIF1beta directly binds to the NRD and negatively regulates the c-Myb-dependent trans-activation. In addition, three corepressors (Ski, N-CoR, and mSin3A) bind to the DNA-binding domain of c-Myb together with TIF1beta and recruit the histone deacetylase complex to c-Myb. Furthermore, the Drosophila TIF1beta homolog, Bonus, negatively regulates Drosophila Myb activity. The Ski corepressor competes with the coactivator CBP for binding to c-Myb, indicating that the selection of coactivators and corepressors is a key event for c-Myb-dependent transcription. Mutations or deletion of the NRD of c-Myb and the mutations found in the DNA-binding domain of v-Myb decrease the interaction with these corepressors and weaken the corepressor-induced negative regulation of Myb activity. These observations have conceptual implications for understanding how the nuclear oncogene is activated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teruaki Nomura
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, RIKEN Tsukuba Institute, 3-1-1 Koyadai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan
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Zhang XX, Cui CC, Xu XG, Hu XS, Fang WH, Kuang BJ. In vivo distribution of c-myc antisense oligodeoxynucleotides local delivered by gelatin-coated platinum-iridium stents in rabbits and its effect on apoptosis. Chin Med J (Engl) 2004; 117:258-63. [PMID: 14975213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Post-stenting restenosis is a significant clinical problem, involving vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) proliferation and apoptosis. It is reported that c-myc antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (ASODNs) local delivered by catheter can inhibit VSMCs proliferation. This study was designed to assess tissue distribution of c-myc ASODN local delivered using gelatin-coated platinum-iridium (Pt-Ir) stents, and its effect on apoptosis of VSMCs. METHODS Gelatin-coated Pt-Ir stents that had absorbed caroboxyfluorescein-5-succimidyl ester (FAM) labeled c-myc ASODNs (550 microg per stent) were implanted into the right carotid arteries of 6 rabbits. Tissue samples were obtained at 45 minutes, 2 hours, and 6 hours. Tissue distribution of c-myc ASODNs was assessed by fluorescence microscopy. In addition, 32 rabbits were randomly divided into two groups. Rabbits in the control group (n = 16) were implanted with gelatin-coated Pt-Ir stents, and those in the treatment group (n = 16) were implanted with gelatin-coated stents that had absorbed c-myc ASODNs. 7, 14, 30, or 90 days (n = 4, respectively, for each group) after the stenting procedure, the stented segments were harvested, and histopathological examinations were performed to calculate neointimal area and mean neointimal thickness. The expression of c-myc was assessed using in situ hybridization (ISH) and immunohistochemical methods. Apoptotic VSMCs were detected using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). RESULTS According to fluorescence microscopic results, FAM-labeled c-myc ASODNs were concentrated in the target vessel media at the 45 minutes time point, and then dispersed to the adventitia. Morphometric analysis showed that neointimal area and mean neointimal thickness increased continuously up to 90 days after stent implantation, but that total neointimal area and mean neointimal thickness were less in the treatment group than in the control group at all time points (P < 0.0001). At day 7 and day 14 after stenting, there were no detectable apoptotic cells in either group. However, apoptotic cells were present in the neointima 30 and 90 days after stenting, and the number of apoptotic cells was less at 30 days than at 90 days. Meanwhile, c-myc ASODNs appeared to induce apoptosis in more cells in the treatment group than that in the control group. Typical apoptotic VSMCs were observable under TEM. The expression of c-myc was positive in the control group and negative or weakly positive in the c-myc ASODN treatment group, according to both ISH and immunohistochemical examination. CONCLUSION Gelatin-coated Pt-Ir stent mediated local delivery of c-myc ASODNs is feasible. The localization of c-myc ASODN is primarily in the target vessel walls. c-myc ASODNs can inhibit VSMCs proliferation and induce its apoptosis after local delivery in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-xia Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shenzhen Futian Hospital, Guangdong Medical College, Shenzhen 518033, China
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Romero-Benitez MM, Aguirre MV, Juaristi JA, Alvarez MA, Trifaró JM, Brandan NC. In vivo erythroid recovery following paclitaxel injury: correlation between GATA-1, c-MYB, NF-E2, Epo receptor expressions, and apoptosis. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2004; 194:230-8. [PMID: 14761679 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2003.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2003] [Accepted: 09/19/2003] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Paclitaxel (Px) is a cancer chemotherapeutic agent that causes bone marrow (BM) cytotoxicity by microtubule stabilization and by modifications in the expression of several genes. Hematopoietic progenitors show severe alterations following Px injury. Erythropoietic recovery should be accompanied by changes in the expression of transcription factors such as c-MYB, GATA-1, NF-E2, Bcl-x(L), and erythropoietin receptor (Epo-R). The aim of this work was to study the in vivo recovery of erythropoiesis and to correlate transcription factors, Bcl-x(L), and Epo-R expressions to apoptosis and changes in proliferation of murine erythroid progenitors following a single dose of Px (29 mg/kg, i.p.). BM total and differential cellularities, apoptosis (TdT-mediated dUTP Nick-End Labeling [TUNEL] assay), clonogenic assays, and immunoblots for transcription factors, Epo-R, and Bcl-x(L) were performed each day for 5 days post-injury. Apoptosis (24 +/- 0.81%, P < 0.01), inhibition of colony growth (burst-forming units-erythroid [BFU-E] and granulocyte-erythroid-macrophage [GEM]), and decrease in BM cellularities (28 +/- 4.2% of control) were maximal at 24 h following Px. The highest apoptosis was concomitant with the lowest BM cellularities. Apoptosis returned to normal values (3.08 +/- 0.61%) by day 3 post-Px. Up-regulation of c-MYB, GATA-1, Epo-R, and Bcl-x(L) expressions were observed between 24 and 48 h following Px. Correlations among c-MYB, GATA-1, Bcl-x(L), and Epo-R were extremely significant. Maximal expression of NF-E2 was observed on day 3 concomitant with the rise (threefold) of early erythroid precursors (BFU-E). Thus, cells that survive injury seem to be stimulated to produce early (24-48 h) erythroid-related and antiapoptotic proteins. Therefore, the results suggest an in vivo interplay between specific transcription factors and Bcl-x(L) during progenitor cell survival and proliferation; mechanisms triggered to restore size and composition of the erythroid compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Romero-Benitez
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Northeast National University, Moreno 1240 (3400), Corrientes, Argentina
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Newman LJ, Perazza DE, Juda L, Campbell MM. Involvement of the R2R3-MYB, AtMYB61, in the ectopic lignification and dark-photomorphogenic components of the det3 mutant phenotype. Plant J 2004; 37:239-50. [PMID: 14690508 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-313x.2003.01953.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Overexpression of a pine MYB, PtMYB4, in Arabidopsis caused ectopic lignin deposition and allowed the plants to undergo photomorphogenesis even when they were grown in the dark. The phenotype caused by PtMYB4 overexpression was reminiscent of the previously characterised dark-photomorphogenic mutant, de-etiolated 3 (det3); consequently, we tested the hypothesis that MYB misexpression may explain aspects of the det3 phenotype. We show here that AtMYB61, a member of the Arabidopsis R2R3-MYB family, is misexpressed in the det3 mutant. Semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) experiments suggested that AtMYB61 was misexpressed in a det3 background relative to wild-type plants. Examination of AtMYB61 promoter activity in a det3 background showed that the spatial control of AtMYB61 expression was lost. In order to determine if such misexpression could explain the mutant phenotype, AtMYB61 was overexpressed in wild-type Arabidopsis plants. Transgenic plants that overexpressed AtMYB61 had the same ectopic lignification and dark-photomorphogenic phenotype as that of the det3 mutant. In order to test if AtMYB61 was necessary for these aspects of the det3 phenotype, AtMYB61 expression was downregulated in det3 plants in both antisense and sense suppression experiments. Suppression of AtMYB61 in a det3 mutant background restored all mutant phenotypes of the det3 mutant associated with development in the dark. Taken together, these results suggest that AtMYB61 misexpression was both sufficient and necessary to explain the ectopic lignification and dark-photomorphogenic phenotypes of the det3 mutant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa J Newman
- Department of Plant Sciences, South Parks Road, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RB, UK
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Patzlaff A, McInnis S, Courtenay A, Surman C, Newman LJ, Smith C, Bevan MW, Mansfield S, Whetten RW, Sederoff RR, Campbell MM. Characterisation of a pine MYB that regulates lignification. Plant J 2003; 36:743-54. [PMID: 14675440 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-313x.2003.01916.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
A member of the R2R3-MYB family of transcription factors was cloned from a cDNA library constructed from RNA isolated from differentiating pine xylem. This MYB, Pinus taeda MYB4 (PtMYB4), is expressed in cells undergoing lignification, as revealed by in situ RT-PCR. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs) showed that recombinant PtMYB4 protein is able to bind to DNA motifs known as AC elements. AC elements are ubiquitous in the promoters of genes encoding lignin biosynthetic enzymes. Transcriptional activation assays using yeast showed that PtMYB4 could activate transcription in an AC-element-dependent fashion. Overexpression of PtMYB4 in transgenic tobacco plants altered the accumulation of transcripts corresponding to genes encoding lignin biosynthetic enzymes. Lignin deposition increased in transgenic tobacco plants that overexpressed PtMYB4, and extended to cell types that do not normally lignify. Taken together, these findings are consistent with the hypothesis that PtMYB4 is sufficient to induce lignification, and that it may play this role during wood formation in pine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Patzlaff
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RB, UK
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Definitive hematopoiesis starts in the aorta-gonad-mesonephros (AGM) region during mouse development and remarkably expands in the liver at a later stage of ontogeny. gp130 is a signal transducing receptor component shared by all the IL-6 family cytokines, whose gene ablation in mouse results in the significant reduction in the fetal liver hematopoiesis. The present study aims to evaluate the role of gp130 signaling in the fetal mouse AGM hematopoiesis. METHODS AND MATERIALS Mouse AGM regions from the wild-type and gp130-deficient mice on embryonic day 11.5 were dissociated and cultured with a mixture of cytokines, including one which activates gp130. Wild-type human gp130 and its mutant constructs were introduced into cultured gp130-deficient AGM cells using retrovirus system. To further analyze gp130 downstream signaling, a dominant-negative mutant of STAT3 was also introduced. RESULTS The gp130 deficiency in the culture of fetal mouse AGM cells resulted in the failure of the expansion of the c-kit(+), Sca-1(+), and lineage markers(-) population. Such failure was rescued by introduction of a wild-type gp130 expression construct but not its mutant constructs having no ability to activate STAT3. In the normal AGM cell culture, introduction of a dominant-negative form of STAT3 in which Y(705) was changed to phenylalanine suppressed the expansion of hematopoietic cell colonies. CONCLUSION gp130 plays an indispensable role in the expansion of hematopoietic precursor cells in the fetal mouse AGM. In particular, the activation of STAT3 by gp130 is found to be important in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makiko Takizawa
- Department of Cell Fate Modulation, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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Jeong JH, Kim SW, Park TG. Novel intracellular delivery system of antisense oligonucleotide by self-assembled hybrid micelles composed of DNA/PEG conjugate and cationic fusogenic peptide. Bioconjug Chem 2003; 14:473-9. [PMID: 12643759 DOI: 10.1021/bc025632k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An antisense oligonucleotide (ODN), c-myb, was covalently conjugated to poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) via an acid-cleavable phosphoramidate linkage to form a diblock copolymer-like structure. The phosphoramidate linkage between ODN and PEG was completely cleaved within 5 h in an endosomal acidic condition (pH 4.7). When complexed with a cationic fusogenic peptide, KALA, the ODN/PEG conjugate self-associated to form polyelectrolyte complex micelles in an aqueous solution. The anionic ODN segments were ionically interacted with cationic KALA peptide to form an inner polyelectrolyte complex core, while the PEG segments constituted a surrounding corona. Effective hydrodynamic volume of the micelles was ca. 70 nm with a very narrow size distribution. The polyelectrolyte complex micelles, composed of c-myb ODN-PEG conjugate and KALA, were transported into cells far more efficiently than c-myb ODN itself. They also exhibited higher antiproliferative activity against smooth muscle cells. This study demonstrates that the DNA/PEG hybrid micelles system can be applied for the delivery of antisense oligonucleotide.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Division/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Chemical Phenomena
- Chemistry, Physical
- Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
- DNA/chemistry
- Electrolytes
- Fluorescent Dyes
- Genes, myb/genetics
- Mice
- Micelles
- Microscopy, Confocal
- Muscle, Smooth/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth/metabolism
- Oligonucleotides, Antisense/administration & dosage
- Oligonucleotides, Antisense/pharmacology
- Peptides/chemistry
- Polyethylene Glycols/chemistry
- Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hoon Jeong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Taejon 305-701, South Korea
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48
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aberrant expression of c-myb in leukemic cells suggests that c-myb may play an important role in leukemogenesis. Therefore, disrupting c-myb function might provide a strategy for controlling leukemic cell growth. Use of dominant negative mutants as a strategy for inhibiting oncogene function has attracted considerable attention. The aim of this study was to induce apoptosis in K562 cells by dominant negative c-myb (DN-myb). MATERIALS AND METHODS We constructed a DN-myb plasmid containing the DNA-binding domain of c-myb and transfected the dominant negative mutant, like its wild-type (WT) counterpart, into K562 cells. Consequently, cell viability and induction of apoptosis were measured by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, nuclear condensation, DNA fragmentation, and Western hybridization analysis for expression of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. In addition, the effect of DN-myb on bcl-2 promoter activity and expression of bcl-2 and bcr-abl was studied. RESULTS We observed that DN-myb, cotransfected with WT c-myb and a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter construct containing the bcl-2 promoter, bound competitively to the bcl-2 promoter and significantly decreased the activation of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase induced by WT c-myb. Moreover, the inactivation of transcription induced by DN-myb reduced not only the expression of bcl-2 but also the expression of bcr-abl. Further functional studies focused on the effect of DN-myb on the induction of apoptosis in K562 cells. Transfection of DN-myb into K562 cells caused a significant reduction in cell proliferation when cells were exposed to low concentrations of DNA-damaging agents (approximately 30% of control) and remarkably increased apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate that disruption of c-myb function by dominant negative c-myb is an effective strategy to induce apoptosis of leukemic cells. The results of these studies support the thesis that dominant negative c-myb gene therapy may be useful for treatment of leukemia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Keun Yi
- Department of Pediatrics, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, South Korea
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Abstract
Drosophila melanogaster possesses a single gene, Dm myb, that is closely related to the vertebrate proto-oncogene c-Myb, and its other family members (A-Myb and B-Myb), all of which encode transcription factors. Dm myb is expressed in all proliferating cells throughout development, and previous studies demonstrate that Dm myb promotes both S-phase and M-phase in proliferating cells, while preserving diploidy by suppressing endoreduplication. We have initiated a characterization of the mechanisms that regulate Dm myb expression, and we report here that the transcriptional activator DREF (the DNA replication-related element binding factor) activates Dm myb transcription via two binding sites located in the 5' flanking region; that the Dm myb promoter lacks a prototypical TATA box sequence and instead appears to use an initiator/downstream promoter element (Inr/DPE) type promoter; and that Dm myb expression is regulated at the translational as well as transcriptional level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai V Sharkov
- Department of Molecular Genetics (M/C 669), University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Medicine, 900 South Ashland Avenue, Room 2368, Chicago, IL 60607-7170, USA
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Rodrigo JP, González MV, Lazo PS, Ramos S, Coto E, Alvarez I, García LA, Suárez C. Genetic alterations in squamous cell carcinomas of the hypopharynx with correlations to clinicopathological features. Oral Oncol 2002; 38:357-63. [PMID: 12076699 DOI: 10.1016/s1368-8375(01)00071-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to describe the molecular alterations in carcinomas in one specific location of the head and neck, the hypopharynx. Thirty-seven hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas were studied. The DNA from tumour and healthy tissue was evaluated for amplification of the 11q13 region and of the MYC and ERBB1 oncogenes, for integration of the Human Papillomavirus (HPV), and for loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at p53 and NAT2 loci. The most common alteration was the amplification of the 11q13 region (78% of the cases), followed by LOH at p53 locus (70%). MYC amplification was found in 19% of the cases, ERBB1 amplification in 29%, LOH at NAT2 locus in 25%, and integration of the HPV in 29%. 11q13 amplification was related with nodal metastases and higher tumour recurrence rates. These findings confirm that 11q13 amplification is one of the most frequent genetic alterations in hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas, and that it may have prognostic significance in these tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan P Rodrigo
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Central de Asturias, University of Oviedo, Instituto Universitario de Oncología, Oviedo, Spain.
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