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Bakhtiari S, Ahmadi B, Asri N, Rezaei‐Tavirani M, Jahani‐Sherafat S, Masotti A, Rostami‐Nejad M. Unraveling the Serum Protein Landscape in Celiac Disease: Current Evidence and Future Directions. Immun Inflamm Dis 2025; 13:e70169. [PMID: 40325942 PMCID: PMC12052852 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.70169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2024] [Revised: 01/18/2025] [Accepted: 02/27/2025] [Indexed: 05/07/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Celiac disease (CD) is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by an abnormal immune response to gluten, leading to intestinal inflammation and various clinical manifestations. Serum proteins are increasingly recognized as potential biomarkers in CD, reflecting inflammation, malabsorption, and immune activation. OBJECTIVE This review aims to elucidate the role of serum proteins in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management of CD, emphasizing their potential as noninvasive biomarkers and therapeutic targets. METHODS A comprehensive review of current literature was conducted, focusing on key serum proteins such as albumin, transthyretin (TTR), transferrin, β2-microglobulin (β2M), C-reactive protein (CRP), and immunoglobulins. Their alterations in CD and their relevance to disease activity, nutritional status, and treatment response were examined. RESULTS CD-related inflammation leads to increased acute-phase proteins (e.g., CRP) and decreased transport proteins (e.g., albumin, TTR, transferrin), contributing to malnutrition and anemia. TTR serves as a sensitive marker of nutritional status, while transferrin levels correlate with iron deficiency, a common CD complication. Immunoglobulin profiles reflect immune responses to gluten. These proteins provide insights into CD pathophysiology and offer potential utility for diagnosis and monitoring. CONCLUSION Serum proteins represent promising biomarkers for CD diagnosis and management, with potential for integration into clinical practice. Further research is necessary to validate their utility in routine patient care and explore their role in personalized therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Bakhtiari
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver DiseasesShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Behrooz Ahmadi
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver DiseasesShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Nastaran Asri
- Celiac Disease and Gluten Related Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver DiseasesShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Mostafa Rezaei‐Tavirani
- Proteomics Research Center, Faculty of Paramedical SciencesShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Somayeh Jahani‐Sherafat
- Laser Application in Medical Sciences Research CenterShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Andrea Masotti
- Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital‐IRCCS, Research LaboratoriesRomeItaly
| | - Mohammad Rostami‐Nejad
- Celiac Disease and Gluten Related Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver DiseasesShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
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Wang M, Shan Y, Sun W, Han J, Tong H, Fan M, Chen J, Yu P, Shen L, Chen X. Effects of Shexiang Baoxin Pill for Coronary Microvascular Function: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:751050. [PMID: 34795585 PMCID: PMC8592925 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.751050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The coronary microvascular dysfunction has attracted more and more attention in recent years, but there is still a lack of effective treatment. Shexiang Baoxin Pill is one of the commonly used drugs for the treatment of coronary artery disease in China. More recently, some studies found that it has the effect of improving coronary microvascular function. Objective: To evaluate the effects of Shexiang Baoxin Pill for coronary microvascular function. Methods: Databases including MEDLINE, Web of Science, CNKI, Wanfang, The Cochrane Library, EMbase, VIP and CBM were searched from inception to June 2021 to screen out relevant clinical studies. The 2019 version 2 of the Cochrane risk of bias tool (RoB2) were used to assess the methodological quality of the included studies. RevMan 5.3 software was used for meta-analysis. Results: Eleven studies meeting the criteria were included, with a total of 1,075 patients. The results of meta-analysis showed that compared with conventional treatment alone, combination of Shexiang Baoxin Pill and conventional treatment can further increase the coronary flow reserve (CFR) [mean difference (MD) = 0.43, 95%CI (0.28, 0.58), p < 0.000 01], decrease the index of microvascular resistance (IMR) [MD = -4.23, 95%CI (-5.49, -2.97), p < 0.000 01], increase serum nitric oxide (NO) [MD = 11.96, 95%CI (2.74, 21.18), p = 0.001] and decrease serum hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) [MD = -2.49, 95%CI (-3.08, -1.90), p < 0.000 01], but did not increase the time of duration on the exercise testing (TET) [MD = 3.64, 95%CI (-1.17, 8.45), p = 0.14]. In terms of safety, a total of 10 patients developed adverse reactions in the intervention group and 17 patients developed adverse reactions in the control group. Conclusion: Current evidence suggests that Shexiang Baoxin Pill may be effective in the improvement of coronary microvascular function when used in combination with conventional treatment. However, due to the low quality of the included studies, lack of placebo control and high heterogeneity among different studies, we should take a cautious attitude towards this conclusion. Moreover, the safety of Shexiang Baoxin Pill remains uncertain, more high-quality clinical studies are needed to verify the efficacy and safety of this drug in the future. Systematic Review Registration: [website], identifier [registration number: CRD42021265113].
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxi Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yiwen Shan
- First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Weixin Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Yancheng TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Yancheng, China
| | - Jie Han
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Huaqin Tong
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Manlu Fan
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiandong Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Peng Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Le Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaohu Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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SÖĞÜT Ö, AKDEMİR T, CAN MM. Prognostic value of the C-reactive protein to albumin ratio in patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Turk J Med Sci 2021; 51:1281-1288. [PMID: 33453709 PMCID: PMC8283510 DOI: 10.3906/sag-2003-188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/aim This study investigated whether baseline serum level of C-reactive protein (CRP)/albumin ratio is associated with infarct localization, number of vascular lesions, and in-hospital mortality in patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for acute ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Methods The study population consisted of 116 patients diagnosed with STEMI. The CRP/albumin ratio at first admission, cardiac troponin-I (cTnI), PCI results, and clinical outcomes were recorded. Results The mean CRP/albumin ratio, cTnI level, and mean number of vascular lesions were significantly higher in non-survivors than in survivors (p = 0.006, p = 0.004, and p = 0.007, respectively). Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the CRP/ albumin ratio and number of coronary artery lesions were independent predictors of mortality in STEMI patients. According to these analyses, the presence of ≥ 2 vessel lesions was the most important predictor of mortality, with an odds ratio of 2.009 (95% confidence interval: 1.191–3.387, p = 0.009). Conclusion This study demonstrates the potential utility of the CRP/albumin ratio for predicting the clinical outcome of patients with STEMI. In addition, the presence of ≥ 2 vascular lesions contributed to a 2-fold increase in mortality rate in STEMI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özgür SÖĞÜT
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Haseki Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, IstanbulTurkey
| | - Tarık AKDEMİR
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Haseki Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, IstanbulTurkey
| | - Mehmet Mustafa CAN
- Department of Cardiology, Haseki Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, IstanbulTurkey
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