A meta-analysis to evaluate the prevalence of maxillofacial trauma caused by various etiologies among children and adolescents

3D Printed Provisional Removable Partial Denture Designed Using Virtual Patient for a Road Traffic Accident Victim

OBJECTIVE

Provisional removable partial denture (RPD) preserves esthetic and functional parameters until definitive treatment. This clinical report presents a 19-year-old victim of a road traffic accident who lost the maxillary right central and lateral incisors.

CLINICAL CONSIDERATIONS

A 3D printed maxillary provisional RPD planned using a virtual patient was provided until the patient could undergo implant-supported rehabilitation. Intraoral and facial scans were conducted, and the images were integrated into a dental software program for digital prosthetic planning. The provisional RPD was designed considering the facial parameters, then 3D printed, characterized, and delivered to the patient.

CONCLUSIONS

The 3D printed provisional RPD demonstrated satisfactory esthetic and functional outcomes, offering a faster and more predictable alternative compared to the conventional method.

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE

Using virtual patients to design 3D printed provisional removable partial dentures can enhance the predictability of treatment, especially in the esthetic area.

Exploring Dental Trauma Among Cattle Farmers in Vadodara, Gujarat: Prevalence and Risk Factors

BACKGROUND

Traumatic dental injuries (TDI) are a global health concern, affecting millions of people annually. The prevalence of traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) can vary significantly with change in geographic region, occupation, and lifestyle. Animal handlers, such as cattle farmers, are at risk of experiencing TDIs due to their interactions with animals. However, there have been no previous studies investigating the prevalence of TDI among cattle farmers.

AIM

To determine the prevalence and associated risk of TDI among cattle farmers in Vadodara City, Gujarat, India.

METHODOLOGY

A cross-sectional study was conducted among cattle farmers residing in Vadodara City. Purposive snowball sampling was used to recruit the cattle farmers. A questionnaire was used to collect data on demographic variables, animal handling practices, experience, history of trauma. Clinical examination was carried out to screen for TDI and possible risk factors.

RESULTS

A total of 357 cattle farmers participated in the study. The prevalence of TDI among cattle farmers was 7.8%. All the respondents reported some form of soft tissue injury (100%). Luxation (60.71%) was the most frequent dental injury, followed by tooth fracture (57.14%). Maxillary incisors were the most commonly affected teeth (75.61%). Kicking (39%) and head-butting (43%) were the most frequent causes of injury. Increased overjet, inadequate lip coverage, and Class II molar relationship were associated with a higher risk of TDI.

CONCLUSION

Prevalence of TDI among cattle farmers was found to be 7.8%. Since the cattle farmers are inherently at risk for TDI as occupational hazard, preventing dental trauma-related injuries in cattle farmers is crucial.

Epidemiological profile of luxations injuries with or without dental fractures in permanent teeth: A 10-years retrospective study

BACKGROUND/AIM

This study assessed the epidemiology of luxation injuries with or without dental fractures in patients attending the outpatient clinic of a Brazilian dental school over the past decade.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

We reviewed clinical records from a specialized center for dental trauma care in Brazil, focusing on patients who experienced at least one traumatic dental injury (TDI) in a permanent tooth between 2012 and 2022. The extracted data included sex, age, etiology, time between trauma occurrence and the search for initial care, TDI classification, and the need for endodontic treatment. The statistical analysis involved Pearson's chi-squared and Fisher's exact tests at a 5% significance level.

RESULTS

The 366 analyzed clinical records included 166 patients (350 teeth) with luxation injuries. Men (n = 102) showed a higher prevalence of luxation injuries than women (n = 64). Extrusive luxation prevailed (n = 99 patients and 208 teeth). Patients with luxation injuries sought care promptly after dental trauma incidents (p = .02) and demonstrated a higher incidence of endodontic treatment (p < .0001) than those without luxation injuries. Lateral luxation was notably associated with traffic accidents (p < .0001). The combination of luxation injuries and tooth fractures did not correlate with a higher need for endodontic treatment (p > .05).

CONCLUSIONS

Age and trauma etiology seemed to have influenced the epidemiological profile of luxation injuries. Additionally, these injuries affected the time to seek initial care and the need for endodontic treatment.

Extreme midface injury and superior maxillary impaction in an adolescent

We present a case of an adolescent who sustained multiple facial fractures following a high-speed, head-on skiing collision. The patient presented to a level 1 trauma centre with bilateral LeFort I, LeFort II, naso-orbital ethmoid fractures and superior maxillary displacement to the level of the orbits requiring a staged operative approach to (1) disimpact the maxillary LeFort I segment and (2) reduce and fixate the multilevel facial fractures. The patient was discharged home with close follow-up, and after 1 year, had preservation of appropriate facial proportions without complications. This case study focuses on the triage, management and surgical planning of paediatric midface fractures, which are relatively uncommon to treat. Special considerations for repairing facial fractures in adolescents are discussed.

Prevalence of dental, oral, and maxillofacial traumatic injuries among domestic violence victims: A systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND/AIMS

Domestic violence (DV) encompasses a series of abusive behaviors, perpetrated in a family environment, against individuals of all ages and genders. Injuries to the head, neck, and face are frequent findings among victims of abuse, negatively impacting their quality of life. Although oral and maxillofacial injuries (OMFI) and traumatic dental injuries (TDI) are commonly diagnosed among DV victims, their prevalence is still unknown. This systematic review was aimed to assess the prevalence of OMFI and TDI among victims of DV.

METHODS

The protocol of the review was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023424235). Literature searches were performed in eight electronic databases, up to August 7th, 2023. Observational studies published in the Latin-roman alphabet and reporting the prevalence of OMFI and/or TDI were included. The Joanna Briggs Institute's critical appraisal tool, checklist for prevalence studies, was used for quality assessment. Results were presented as qualitative and quantitative syntheses.

RESULTS

Seventeen studies, totaling 12,375 victims of domestic violence, were included. Meta-analyses showed an overall prevalence of 29% (95% CI: 15%-48%, I2  = 99%) and 4% (95% CI: 1%-10%, I2  = 98%) for OMFI and TDI, respectively. Higher pooled prevalence for OMFI (41%, 95% CI: 13%-46%, I2  = 99%) was demonstrated in samples with only women. OMFI was less prevalent (20%) among DV victims under 18, while TDI was lower among adults (1%). Hospital samples presented higher pooled prevalence of OMFI (32%), and forensic data from fatal victims presented higher prevalence of TDI (8%).

CONCLUSION

The overall prevalence of OMFI and TDI in DV victims was 29% and 4%, respectively. Women victims of DV presented higher rates of OFMI (41%) and TDI (6%).