Sedentary behaviour and traumatic dental injuries in adolescents: A population-based study

Influence of unhealthy diet and sedentary behavior on the oral health-related quality of life of 12-year-old Brazilian adolescents

This study analyzed the factors associated with the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQOL) of 12-year-old adolescents and their relationship with unhealthy eating and sedentary behavior. Data were collected from 615 adolescents from the five largest cities in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. The theoretical framework of the social determinants of oral health guided all analyses and the measurement instrument was OIDP (impact of oral health on daily performance). Multilevel logistic and negative binomial regressions were performed to test the association of OHRQOL with unhealthy eating, sedentary behavior, sociodemographic characteristics and health behaviours. Considering the sample weights, 43% of the adolescents reported some impact on OHRQOL. In the adjusted models, higher consumption of unhealthy foods (moderate and high) was associated with a prevalence of impact on OHRQOL [OR = 3.59 (95%CI 1.99; 6.46)] and higher OHRQOL severity [RR = 2.05 (95%CI 1.43; 2.94)] compared to their counterparts. Sedentary behaviour was associated with the prevalence of impact on OHRQOL [OR = 1.52 (95%CI 1.22; 1.89)] and greater severity [RR = 1.21 (95%CI 1.07; 1.37)] compared to their counterparts. Unhealthy food consumption and sedentary behavior were associated with OHRQOL. Intersectoral health public policies for healthy eating and for reducing sedentary behavior on the internet and electronic games can help in the quality of life of adolescents.

Contextual and individual factors associated with traumatic dental injuries in deprived 12-year-old schoolchildren: A cohort study

AIM

Traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) among children and adolescents have been acknowledged as of public health concern worldwide. The aim of the study was to assess the relationship between contextual and individual characteristics and TDIs in 12-year-old schoolchildren.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

A cohort study was conducted with 355 schoolchildren living in deprived communities in the city of Manaus, Brazil. Contextual factors (place of residence and socio-economic indicators) and individual characteristics, including sex, family income, parents/guardians years of schooling, overjet and open bite (Dental Aesthetic Index), self-esteem (Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale), sense of coherence (Sense of Coherence Scale), oral health beliefs, social support (Social Support Appraisals) were assessed at baseline. TDIs were measured at baseline and at 2-year follow-up using the O'Brien Index. Data were analysed through confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling.

RESULTS

The baseline prevalence of TDIs was 17.6% and the incidence of TDIs at 2-year follow-up was 26.8%. Better psychosocial status had a direct protective effect on the incidence of TDIs (β = -.184). Better contextual characteristics (β = -.135) and greater overjet (β = -.203) were directly associated with poor psychosocial status. Higher schooling of parents/guardians directly predicted better psychosocial status (β = .154). Psychosocial status mediated the relationship of greater overjet (β = .036), contextual factors (β = .024) and parental/guardian schooling (β = -.027) with TDIs.

CONCLUSIONS

Contextual factors and individual characteristics predicted TDIs. Psychosocial status was a relevant individual attribute in the causal network of TDIs, due to the direct effect on the incidence of TDIs as well as a mediator on the influence of contextual factors, overjet and parents/guardians schooling on the incidence of TDIs.