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Nascimento Guimarães A, Beggiato Porto A, Junior Guidotti F, Soca Bazo N, Ugrinowitsch H, Hugo Alves Okazaki V. Effect of Transcranial direct current stimulation of the Primary motor Cortex and cerebellum on motor control and learning of geometric drawing tasks with varied cognitive demands. Brain Res 2024; 1828:148786. [PMID: 38266889 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.148786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Anderson Nascimento Guimarães
- State University of Londrina, Department of Physical Education, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid - Pr 445, Km 380, Campus Universitário, Londrina, Brazil.
| | - Alessandra Beggiato Porto
- State University of Londrina, Department of Physical Education, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid - Pr 445, Km 380, Campus Universitário, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Flavio Junior Guidotti
- State University of Londrina, Department of Physical Education, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid - Pr 445, Km 380, Campus Universitário, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Norberto Soca Bazo
- State University of Londrina, Department of Physical Education, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid - Pr 445, Km 380, Campus Universitário, Londrina, Brazil; Licungo University, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Rua de Comandante Gaivão Extensão da Beira, Moçambique
| | - Herbert Ugrinowitsch
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte MG, Brazil
| | - Victor Hugo Alves Okazaki
- State University of Londrina, Department of Physical Education, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid - Pr 445, Km 380, Campus Universitário, Londrina, Brazil
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Xiao S, Shen B, Zhang C, Xu Z, Li J, Fu W, Jin J. Effects of tDCS on Foot Biomechanics: A Narrative Review and Clinical Applications. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:1029. [PMID: 37760131 PMCID: PMC10525503 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10091029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, neuro-biomechanical enhancement techniques, such as transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), have been widely used to improve human physical performance, including foot biomechanical characteristics. This review aims to summarize research on the effects of tDCS on foot biomechanics and its clinical applications, and further analyze the underlying ergogenic mechanisms of tDCS. This review was performed for relevant papers until July 2023 in the following databases: Web of Science, PubMed, and EBSCO. The findings demonstrated that tDCS can improve foot biomechanical characteristics in healthy adults, including proprioception, muscle strength, reaction time, and joint range of motion. Additionally, tDCS can be effectively applied in the field of foot sports medicine; in particular, it can be combined with functional training to effectively improve foot biomechanical performance in individuals with chronic ankle instability (CAI). The possible mechanism is that tDCS may excite specific task-related neurons and regulate multiple neurons within the system, ultimately affecting foot biomechanical characteristics. However, the efficacy of tDCS applied to rehabilitate common musculoskeletal injuries (e.g., CAI and plantar fasciitis) still needs to be confirmed using a larger sample size. Future research should use multimodal neuroimaging technology to explore the intrinsic ergogenic mechanism of tDCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songlin Xiao
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; (S.X.)
| | - Bin Shen
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; (S.X.)
| | - Chuyi Zhang
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; (S.X.)
| | - Zhen Xu
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; (S.X.)
| | - Jingjing Li
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; (S.X.)
| | - Weijie Fu
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; (S.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Jing Jin
- School of Psychology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
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McCane LM, Wolpaw JR, Thompson AK. Effects of active and sham tDCS on the soleus H-reflex during standing. Exp Brain Res 2023; 241:1611-1622. [PMID: 37145136 PMCID: PMC10224818 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-023-06624-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Weak transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is known to affect corticospinal excitability and enhance motor skill acquisition, whereas its effects on spinal reflexes in actively contracting muscles are yet to be established. Thus, in this study, we examined the acute effects of Active and Sham tDCS on the soleus H-reflex during standing. In fourteen adults without known neurological conditions, the soleus H-reflex was repeatedly elicited at just above M-wave threshold throughout 30 min of Active (N = 7) or Sham (N = 7) 2-mA tDCS over the primary motor cortex in standing. The maximum H-reflex (Hmax) and M-wave (Mmax) were also measured before and immediately after 30 min of tDCS. The soleus H-reflex amplitudes became significantly larger (by 6%) ≈1 min into Active or Sham tDCS and gradually returned toward the pre-tDCS values, on average, within 15 min. With Active tDCS, the amplitude reduction from the initial increase appeared to occur more swiftly than with Sham tDCS. An acute temporary increase in the soleus H-reflex amplitude within the first minute of Active and Sham tDCS found in this study indicates a previously unreported effect of tDCS on the H-reflex excitability. The present study suggests that neurophysiological characterization of Sham tDCS effects is just as important as investigating Active tDCS effects in understanding and defining acute effects of tDCS on the excitability of spinal reflex pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn M McCane
- Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA
- National Center for Adaptive Neurotechnologies, Stratton VAMC, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Jonathan R Wolpaw
- National Center for Adaptive Neurotechnologies, Stratton VAMC, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Aiko K Thompson
- Department of Health Sciences and Research, College of Health Professions, Medical University of South Carolina, 77 President Street, MSC 700, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA.
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Baharlouei H, Ali Salehinejad M, Talimkhani A, Nitsche MA. The Effect of Non-invasive Brain Stimulation on Gait in Healthy Young and Older Adults: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Neuroscience 2023; 516:125-140. [PMID: 36720301 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Walking is an important function which requires coordinated activity of sensory-motor neural networks. Noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) is a safe neuromodulatory technique with motor function-improving effects. This study aimed to determine the effect of different types of NIBS interventions explored in randomized controlled trials on gait in healthy young and older adults. METHODS Based on the PRISMA approach, we conducted an electronic search in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and PEDro for randomized clinical trials assessing the effect of NIBS on gait in healthy young and older adults and performed a narrative review. RESULTS Fourteen studies were included in this systematic review. According to the outcomes, transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the motor cortex and transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) over the cerebellum seem to be promising for improving gait characteristics such as speed, synchronization, and variability. Furthermore, tDCS over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) improved gait speed and reduced gait parameter variability under dual-task conditions. Only one repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation was available, which showed no effects. No studies were available for transcranial random noise stimulation, and transcranial pulsed current stimulation. Moreover, the intervention parameters of the included studies were heterogeneous, and studies comparing directly specific intervention protocols were missing. CONCLUSION NIBS is a promising approach to improve gait in healthy young and older adults. Anodal tDCS over the motor areas and DLPFC, and tACS over the cerebellum have shown positive effects on gait.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamzeh Baharlouei
- Musculoskeletal Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Ali Salehinejad
- Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Ailin Talimkhani
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Michael A Nitsche
- Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany; Department of Neurology, University Medical Hospital Bergmannsheil, Bochum, Germany.
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Guimarães AN, Porto AB, Marcori AJ, Lage GM, Altimari LR, Alves Okazaki VH. Motor learning and tDCS: A systematic review on the dependency of the stimulation effect on motor task characteristics or tDCS assembly specifications. Neuropsychologia 2023; 179:108463. [PMID: 36567006 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2022.108463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
TDCS is one of the most commonly used methods among studies with transcranial electrical stimulation and motor skills learning. Differences between study results suggest that the effect of tDCS on motor learning is dependent on the motor task performed or on the tDCS assembly specification used in the learning process. This systematic review aimed to analyze the tDCS effect on motor learning and verify whether this effect is dependent on the task or tDCS assembly specifications. Searches were performed in PubMed, SciELO, LILACS, Web of Science, CINAHL, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Embase, and PsycINFO. Articles were included that analyzed the effect of tDCS on motor learning through pre-practice, post-practice, retention, and/or transfer tests (period ≥24 h). The tDCS was most frequently applied to the primary motor cortex (M1) or the cerebellar cortex (CC) and the majority of studies found significant stimulation effects. Studies that analyzed identical or similar motor tasks show divergent results for the tDCS effect, even when the assembly specifications are the same. The tDCS effect is not dependent on motor task characteristics or tDCS assembly specifications alone but is dependent on the interaction between these factors. This interaction occurs between uni and bimanual tasks with anodal uni and bihemispheric (bilateral) stimulations at M1 or with anodal unihemispheric stimulations (unilateral and centrally) at CC, and between tasks of greater or lesser difficulty with single or multiple tDCS sessions. Movement time seems to be more sensitive than errors to indicate the effects of tDCS on motor learning, and a sufficient amount of motor practice to reach the "learning plateau" also seems to determine the effect of tDCS on motor learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anderson Nascimento Guimarães
- State University of Londrina, Londrina. Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid - Pr 445, Km 380, Cx. Postal 10.011, CEP 86057-970, Campus Universitário, Londrina, PR, Brazil.
| | - Alessandra Beggiato Porto
- State University of Londrina, Londrina. Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid - Pr 445, Km 380, Cx. Postal 10.011, CEP 86057-970, Campus Universitário, Londrina, PR, Brazil.
| | - Alexandre Jehan Marcori
- University of São Paulo, Av. Professor Mello Moraes 65, CEP 05508-030, Vila Universitaria, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Guilherme Menezes Lage
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Leandro Ricardo Altimari
- State University of Londrina, Londrina. Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid - Pr 445, Km 380, Cx. Postal 10.011, CEP 86057-970, Campus Universitário, Londrina, PR, Brazil.
| | - Victor Hugo Alves Okazaki
- State University of Londrina, Londrina. Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid - Pr 445, Km 380, Cx. Postal 10.011, CEP 86057-970, Campus Universitário, Londrina, PR, Brazil.
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Isis S, Armele D, Paulo GL, Raylene A, Luam D, Marina BR, Adriana B, Katia MS. The effect of tDCS on improving physical performance and attenuating effort perception during maximal dynamic exercise in non-athletes. Neurosci Lett 2023; 794:136991. [PMID: 36455695 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2022.136991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to test the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), using different electrode positioning and montages, on physical performance in maximum incremental tests of healthy non-athlete subjects. DESIGN A double-blinded, crossover, sham-controlled study. METHOD Fifteen subjects (aged 25.8 ± 5 years, nine women) received one of five different tDCS protocols: (i) anodal tDCS on the primary motor cortex (M1) (a-tDCS/M1), (ii) anodal tDCS on the left temporal cortex (T3) (a-tDCS/T3), (iii) cathodal tDCS on M1 (c-tDCS/M1), (iv) cathodal on T3 (c-tDCS/T3), or (v) sham tDCS. The protocols were assigned in a random order in separate sessions. After tDCS, the volunteers performed the maximal incremental exercise test (MIT) on a cycle ergometer in each session. The following measures were used to evaluate physical performance (primary outcome) during MIT: time to exhaustion (TE), maximum power (MAX-P), and Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) scale. In addition, as a secondary outcome measure, we assessed the lower-limb corticospinal excitability and electrical muscular activity. RESULTS tDCS applied over T3 or M1 did not influence electrical muscular activity or increase physical performance during MIT in healthy non-athlete subjects. However, our data confirmed that a-tDCS on the M1 increases lower-limb cortical excitability. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that tDCS is not effective in improving performance during maximal dynamic exercise in non-athletes. However, we confirmed that the a-tDCS M1 protocol used in this study might increase cortical excitability in the lower limb motor cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suruagy Isis
- Applied Neuroscience Laboratory, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil; Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Dornelas Armele
- Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Gomes Luis Paulo
- Bioscience of Human Movement Laboratory, Universidade Tiradentes, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Araújo Raylene
- Applied Neuroscience Laboratory, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Diniz Luam
- Applied Neuroscience Laboratory, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil; Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Berenguer-Rocha Marina
- Applied Neuroscience Laboratory, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil; Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Baltar Adriana
- Applied Neuroscience Laboratory, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil; Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Monte-Silva Katia
- Applied Neuroscience Laboratory, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil; Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Brazil.
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Kashoo FZ, Al-Baradie RS, Alzahrani M, Alanazi A, Manzar MD, Gugnani A, Sidiq M, Shaphe MA, Sirajudeen MS, Ahmad M, Althumayri B, Aljandal A, Almansour A, Alshewaier SA, Chahal A. Effect of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Augmented with Motor Imagery and Upper-Limb Functional Training for Upper-Limb Stroke Rehabilitation: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15199. [PMID: 36429924 PMCID: PMC9690138 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192215199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Combining transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) with other therapies is reported to produce promising results in patients with stroke. The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of combining tDCS with motor imagery (MI) and upper-limb functional training for upper-limb rehabilitation among patients with chronic stroke. METHODS A single-center, prospective, randomized controlled trial was conducted among 64 patients with chronic stroke. The control group received sham tDCS with MI, while the experimental group received real tDCS with MI. Both groups performed five different upper-limb functional training exercises coupled with tDCS for 30 min, five times per week for two weeks. Fugl-Meyer's scale (FMA) and the Action Research Arm Test (ARAT) were used to measure the outcome measures at baseline and after the completion of the 10th session. RESULTS Analysis of covariance showed significant improvements in the post-test mean scores for FMA (F (414.4) = 35.79, p < 0.001; η2 = 0.37) and ARAT (F (440.09) = 37.46, p < 0.001; η2 = 0.38) in the experimental group compared to the control group while controlling for baseline scores. CONCLUSIONS Anodal tDCS stimulation over the affected primary motor cortex coupled with MI and upper-limb functional training reduces impairment and disability of the upper limbs among patients with chronic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faizan Zaffar Kashoo
- Department of Physical Therapy and Health Rehabilitation, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Al Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raid Saleem Al-Baradie
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Msaad Alzahrani
- Department of Physical Therapy and Health Rehabilitation, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Al Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Alanazi
- Department of Physical Therapy and Health Rehabilitation, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Al Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Dilshad Manzar
- Department of Nursing, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Al Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anchit Gugnani
- NIMS College of Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, NIMS University Jaipur, Jaipur 303121, Rajasthan, India
| | - Mohammad Sidiq
- NIMS College of Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, NIMS University Jaipur, Jaipur 303121, Rajasthan, India
| | - Mohammad Abu Shaphe
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 82511, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Sherif Sirajudeen
- Department of Physical Therapy and Health Rehabilitation, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Al Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mehrunnisha Ahmad
- Department of Nursing, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Al Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bader Althumayri
- Department of Physical Therapy, Security Forces Hospital, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Aljandal
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Al Fayha Club, Al Majmmah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Almansour
- Department of Physical Therapy and Health Rehabilitation, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Al Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shady Abdullah Alshewaier
- Department of Physical Therapy and Health Rehabilitation, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Al Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aksh Chahal
- Maharishi Markandeshwar Institute of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Maharishi Markandeshwar, Mullana 133207, Haryana, India
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Aneksan B, Sawatdipan M, Bovonsunthonchai S, Tretriluxana J, Vachalathiti R, Auvichayapat P, Pheungphrarattanatrai A, Piriyaprasarth P, Klomjai W. Five-Session Dual-Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation With Task-Specific Training Does Not Improve Gait and Lower Limb Performance Over Training Alone in Subacute Stroke: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Neuromodulation 2022; 25:558-568. [PMID: 35667771 DOI: 10.1111/ner.13526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of five-session dual-transcranial direct current stimulation (dual-tDCS) combined with task-specific training on gait and lower limb motor performance in individuals with subacute stroke. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-five participants who had a stroke in the subacute phase with mild motor impairment were recruited, randomized, and allocated into two groups. The active group (n = 13) received dual-tDCS with anodal over the lesioned hemisphere M1 and cathodal over the nonlesioned hemisphere, at 2 mA for 20 min before training for five consecutive days, while the sham group (n = 12) received sham mode before training. Gait speed as a primary outcome, temporospatial gait variables, lower-limb functional tasks (sit-to-stand and walking mobility), and muscle strength as secondary outcomes were collected at preintervention and postintervention (day 5), one-week follow-up, and one-month follow-up. RESULTS The primary outcome and most of the secondary outcomes were improved in both groups, with no significant difference between the two groups, and most of the results indicated small to moderate effect sizes of active tDCS compared to sham tDCS. CONCLUSION The combined intervention showed no benefit over training alone in improving gait variables and lower-limb performance. However, some performances were saturated at some point, as moderate to high function participants were recruited in the present study. Future studies should consider recruiting participants with more varied motor impairment levels and may need to determine the optimal stimulation protocols and parameters to improve gait and lower-limb performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benchaporn Aneksan
- Neuro Electrical Stimulation laboratory (NeuE), Faculty of Physical Therapy, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand; Faculty of Physical Therapy Mahidol University, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Montawan Sawatdipan
- Neuro Electrical Stimulation laboratory (NeuE), Faculty of Physical Therapy, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand; Faculty of Physical Therapy Mahidol University, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Sunee Bovonsunthonchai
- Faculty of Physical Therapy Mahidol University, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Jarugool Tretriluxana
- Faculty of Physical Therapy Mahidol University, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Roongtiwa Vachalathiti
- Faculty of Physical Therapy Mahidol University, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Paradee Auvichayapat
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | | | - Pagamas Piriyaprasarth
- Neuro Electrical Stimulation laboratory (NeuE), Faculty of Physical Therapy, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand; Faculty of Physical Therapy Mahidol University, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Wanalee Klomjai
- Neuro Electrical Stimulation laboratory (NeuE), Faculty of Physical Therapy, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand; Faculty of Physical Therapy Mahidol University, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand.
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9
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Gardi AZ, Vogel AK, Dharia AK, Krishnan C. Effect of conventional transcranial direct current stimulation devices and electrode sizes on motor cortical excitability of the quadriceps muscle. Restor Neurol Neurosci 2021; 39:379-391. [PMID: 34657855 DOI: 10.3233/rnn-211210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a growing concern among the scientific community that the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) are highly variable across studies. The use of different tDCS devices and electrode sizes may contribute to this variability; however, this issue has not been verified experimentally. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of tDCS device and electrode size on quadriceps motor cortical excitability. METHODS The effect of tDCS device and electrode size on quadriceps motor cortical excitability was quantified across a range of TMS intensities using a novel evoked torque approach that has been previously shown to be highly reliable. In experiment 1, anodal tDCS-induced excitability changes were measured in twenty individuals using two devices (Empi and Soterix) on two separate days. In experiment 2, anodal tDCS-induced excitability changes were measured in thirty individuals divided into three groups based on the electrode size. A novel Bayesian approach was used in addition to the classical hypothesis testing during data analyses. RESULTS There were no significant main or interaction effects, indicating that cortical excitability did not differ between different tDCS devices or electrode sizes. The lack of pre-post time effect in both experiments indicated that cortical excitability was minimally affected by anodal tDCS. Bayesian analyses indicated that the null model was more favored than the main or the interaction effects model. CONCLUSIONS Motor cortical excitability was not altered by anodal tDCS and did not differ by devices or electrode sizes used in the study. Future studies should examine if behavioral outcomes are different based on tDCS device or electrode size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Z Gardi
- NeuRRo Lab, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Amanda K Vogel
- NeuRRo Lab, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Aastha K Dharia
- NeuRRo Lab, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Chandramouli Krishnan
- NeuRRo Lab, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Michigan Robotics Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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10
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Suárez-García DMA, Birba A, Zimerman M, Diazgranados JA, Lopes da Cunha P, Ibáñez A, Grisales-Cárdenas JS, Cardona JF, García AM. Rekindling Action Language: A Neuromodulatory Study on Parkinson's Disease Patients. Brain Sci 2021; 11:887. [PMID: 34356122 PMCID: PMC8301982 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11070887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Impairments of action semantics (a cognitive domain that critically engages motor brain networks) are pervasive in early Parkinson's disease (PD). However, no study has examined whether action semantic skills in persons with this disease can be influenced by non-invasive neuromodulation. Here, we recruited 22 PD patients and performed a five-day randomized, blinded, sham-controlled study to assess whether anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (atDCS) over the primary motor cortex, combined with cognitive training, can boost action-concept processing. On day 1, participants completed a picture-word association (PWA) task involving action-verb and object-noun conditions. They were then randomly assigned to either an atDCS (n = 11, 2 mA for 20 m) or a sham tDCS (n = 11, 2 mA for 30 s) group and performed an online PWA practice over three days. On day 5, they repeated the initial protocol. Relative to sham tDCS, the atDCS group exhibited faster reaction times for action (as opposed to object) concepts in the post-stimulation test. This result was exclusive to the atDCS group and held irrespective of the subjects' cognitive, executive, and motor skills, further attesting to its specificity. Our findings suggest that action-concept deficits in PD are distinctively grounded in motor networks and might be countered by direct neuromodulation of such circuits. Moreover, they provide new evidence for neurosemantic models and inform a thriving agenda in the embodied cognition framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana M. A. Suárez-García
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad del Valle, Santiago de Cali 76001, Colombia; (D.M.A.S.-G.); (J.S.G.-C.)
| | - Agustina Birba
- Cognitive Neuroscience Center (CNC), Universidad de San Andrés, Buenos Aires B1644BID, Argentina; (A.B.); (M.Z.); (P.L.d.C.); (A.I.)
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires C1033AAJ, Argentina
| | - Máximo Zimerman
- Cognitive Neuroscience Center (CNC), Universidad de San Andrés, Buenos Aires B1644BID, Argentina; (A.B.); (M.Z.); (P.L.d.C.); (A.I.)
| | - Jesús A. Diazgranados
- Centro Médico de Atención Neurológica “Neurólogos de Occidente”, Santiago de Cali 76001, Colombia;
| | - Pamela Lopes da Cunha
- Cognitive Neuroscience Center (CNC), Universidad de San Andrés, Buenos Aires B1644BID, Argentina; (A.B.); (M.Z.); (P.L.d.C.); (A.I.)
- Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica (ANPCyT), Buenos Aires C1425FQD, Argentina
| | - Agustín Ibáñez
- Cognitive Neuroscience Center (CNC), Universidad de San Andrés, Buenos Aires B1644BID, Argentina; (A.B.); (M.Z.); (P.L.d.C.); (A.I.)
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires C1033AAJ, Argentina
- Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI), University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Trinity College Dublin (TCD), D02R590 Dublin 2, Ireland
- Latin American Brain Health Institute (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago 8320000, Chile
| | - Johan S. Grisales-Cárdenas
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad del Valle, Santiago de Cali 76001, Colombia; (D.M.A.S.-G.); (J.S.G.-C.)
| | - Juan Felipe Cardona
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad del Valle, Santiago de Cali 76001, Colombia; (D.M.A.S.-G.); (J.S.G.-C.)
| | - Adolfo M. García
- Cognitive Neuroscience Center (CNC), Universidad de San Andrés, Buenos Aires B1644BID, Argentina; (A.B.); (M.Z.); (P.L.d.C.); (A.I.)
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires C1033AAJ, Argentina
- Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI), University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Trinity College Dublin (TCD), D02R590 Dublin 2, Ireland
- Faculty of Education, National University of Cuyo (UNCuyo), Mendoza M5502GKA, Argentina
- Departamento de Lingüística y Literatura, Facultad de Humanidades, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9170020, Chile
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11
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Pol F, Salehinejad MA, Baharlouei H, Nitsche MA. The effects of transcranial direct current stimulation on gait in patients with Parkinson's disease: a systematic review. Transl Neurodegener 2021; 10:22. [PMID: 34183062 PMCID: PMC8240267 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-021-00245-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gait problems are an important symptom in Parkinson’s disease (PD), a progressive neurodegenerative disease. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a neuromodulatory intervention that can modulate cortical excitability of the gait-related regions. Despite an increasing number of gait-related tDCS studies in PD, the efficacy of this technique for improving gait has not been systematically investigated yet. Here, we aimed to systematically explore the effects of tDCS on gait in PD, based on available experimental studies. Methods Using the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) approach, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and PEDro databases were searched for randomized clinical trials assessing the effect of tDCS on gait in patients with PD. Results Eighteen studies were included in this systematic review. Overall, tDCS targeting the motor cortex and supplementary motor area bilaterally seems to be promising for gait rehabilitation in PD. Studies of tDCS targeting the dorosolateral prefrontal cortex or cerebellum showed more heterogeneous results. More studies are needed to systematically compare the efficacy of different tDCS protocols, including protocols applying tDCS alone and/or in combination with conventional gait rehabilitation treatment in PD. Conclusions tDCS is a promising intervention approach to improving gait in PD. Anodal tDCS over the motor areas has shown a positive effect on gait, but stimulation of other areas is less promising. However, the heterogeneities of methods and results have made it difficult to draw firm conclusions. Therefore, systematic explorations of tDCS protocols are required to optimize the efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fateme Pol
- Musculoskeletal Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Salehinejad
- Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Hamzeh Baharlouei
- Musculoskeletal Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Michael A Nitsche
- Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University Medical Hospital Bergmannsheil, Bochum, Germany
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12
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Young J, Zoghi M, Khan F, Galea MP. The Effect of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Chronic Neuropathic Pain in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis: Randomized Controlled Trial. PAIN MEDICINE 2021; 21:3451-3457. [PMID: 32594139 DOI: 10.1093/pm/pnaa128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chronic neuropathic pain is a common symptom in multiple sclerosis (MS). This randomized controlled single-blinded study investigated whether a new protocol involving five days of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) with an interval period would be effective to reduce pain using the visual analog scale (VAS). Other secondary outcomes included the Neuropathic Pain Scale (NPS), Depression Anxiety Stress Score (DASS), Short Form McGill Pain Questionnaire (SFMPQ), and Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life 54 (MSQOL54). DESIGN A total of 30 participants were recruited for the study, with 15 participants randomized to a sham group or and 15 randomized to an active group. After a five-day course of a-tDCS, VAS and NPS scores were measured daily and then weekly after treatment up to four weeks after treatment. Secondary outcomes were measured pretreatment and then weekly up to four weeks. RESULTS After a five-day course of a-tDCS, VAS scores were significantly reduced compared with sham tDCS and remained significantly low up to week 2 post-treatment. There were no statistically significant mean changes in MSQOL54, SFMPQ, NPS, or DASS for the sham or treatment group before treatment or at four-week follow-up. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that repeated stimulation with a-tDCS for five days can reduce pain intensity for a prolonged period in patients with MS who have chronic neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Young
- RehabilitationDepartment, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Royal Park Campus, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Medicine and Radiology, Integrated Critical Care, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Maryam Zoghi
- Department of Rehabilitation, Nutrition and Sport, Discipline of Physiotherapy, School of Allied Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Fary Khan
- RehabilitationDepartment, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Royal Park Campus, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mary P Galea
- RehabilitationDepartment, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Royal Park Campus, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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13
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Luckhardt C, Boxhoorn S, Schütz M, Fann N, Freitag CM. Brain stimulation by tDCS as treatment option in Autism Spectrum Disorder-A systematic literature review. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2021; 264:233-257. [PMID: 34167658 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2021.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by deficits in social communication and interaction as well as stereotypical and repetitive behavior. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been proposed as a new intervention method in ASD with the potential to improve cognitive, motor and social communication abilities by targeting specific underlying neuronal alterations. Here, we report results of a systematic literature review on tDCS effects on EEG and behavioral outcomes, and discuss tDCS as treatment option for ASD. PsychInfo, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, https://clinicaltrials.gov and the German Clinical Trials Register (Deutsches Register Klinischer Studien) were searched systematically for randomized, sham-controlled clinical trials of tDCS in individuals with ASD, and information regarding study designs and relevant results was extracted. Six eligible studies were identified. The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) was targeted in four trials, with core ASD symptoms and working memory as outcome measures. One study targeted the primary motor cortex (M1) with motor skills as outcome, and one study targeted the temporoparietal junction (TPJ) with social communication skills as outcome measure. Comparison of the implemented study designs showed high methodological variability between studies regarding stimulation parameters, trial design and outcome measures. Study results indicate initial support for improved cognitive and social communication skills in ASD following tDCS stimulation. However, systematic and comparison studies on the best combination of stimulation intensity, duration, location as well as task related stimulation are necessary, before results can be translated into routine clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Luckhardt
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Autism Research and Intervention Center of Excellence, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany.
| | - Sara Boxhoorn
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Autism Research and Intervention Center of Excellence, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Magdalena Schütz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Autism Research and Intervention Center of Excellence, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Nikola Fann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Autism Research and Intervention Center of Excellence, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Christine M Freitag
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Autism Research and Intervention Center of Excellence, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
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14
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Solanki D, Rezaee Z, Dutta A, Lahiri U. Investigating the feasibility of cerebellar transcranial direct current stimulation to facilitate post-stroke overground gait performance in chronic stroke: a partial least-squares regression approach. J Neuroeng Rehabil 2021; 18:18. [PMID: 33509192 PMCID: PMC7842063 DOI: 10.1186/s12984-021-00817-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Investigation of lobule-specific electric field effects of cerebellar transcranial direct current stimulation (ctDCS) on overground gait performance has not been performed, so this study aimed to investigate the feasibility of two lobule-specific bilateral ctDCS montages to facilitate overground walking in chronic stroke. Methods Ten chronic post-stroke male subjects participated in this repeated-measure single-blind crossover study, where we evaluated the single-session effects of two bilateral ctDCS montages that applied 2 mA via 3.14 cm2 disc electrodes for 15 min targeting (a) dentate nuclei (also, anterior and posterior lobes), and (b) lower-limb representations (lobules VIIb-IX). A two-sided Wilcoxon rank-sum test was performed at a 5% significance level on the percent normalized change measures in the overground gait performance. Partial least squares regression (PLSR) analysis was performed on the quantitative gait parameters as response variables to the mean lobular electric field strength as the predictors. Clinical assessments were performed with the Ten-Meter walk test (TMWT), Timed Up & Go (TUG), and the Berg Balance Scale based on minimal clinically important differences (MCID). Results The ctDCS montage specific effect was found significant using a two-sided Wilcoxon rank-sum test at a 5% significance level for 'Step Time Affected Leg' (p = 0.0257) and '%Stance Time Unaffected Leg' (p = 0.0376). The changes in the quantitative gait parameters were found to be correlated to the mean electric field strength in the lobules based on PLSR analysis (R2 statistic = 0.6574). Here, the mean electric field strength at the cerebellar lobules, Vermis VIIIb, Ipsi-lesional IX, Vermis IX, Ipsi-lesional X, had the most loading and were positively related to the 'Step Time Affected Leg' and '%Stance Time Unaffected Leg,' and negatively related to the '%Swing Time Unaffected Leg,' '%Single Support Time Affected Leg.' Clinical assessments found similar improvement in the TMWT (MCID: 0.10 m/s), TUG (MCID: 8 s), and BBS score (MCID: 12.5 points) for both the ctDCS montages. Conclusion Our feasibility study found an association between the lobular mean electric field strength and the changes in the quantitative gait parameters following a single ctDCS session in chronic stroke. Both the ctDCS montages improved the clinical outcome measures that should be investigated with a larger sample size for clinical validation. Trial registration: Being retrospectively registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhaval Solanki
- Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India.
| | - Zeynab Rezaee
- Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo SUNY, New York, USA
| | - Anirban Dutta
- Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo SUNY, New York, USA.
| | - Uttama Lahiri
- Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
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15
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Xiao S, Wang B, Zhang X, Zhou J, Fu W. Systematic Review of the Impact of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on the Neuromechanical Management of Foot and Ankle Physical Performance in Healthy Adults. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:587680. [PMID: 33251200 PMCID: PMC7673373 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.587680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study aims to review existing literature regarding the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on the physical performances of the foot and ankle of healthy adults and discuss the underlying neurophysiological mechanism through which cortical activities influence the neuromechanical management of the physical performances of the foot and ankle. Methods: This systematic review has followed the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses. A systematic search was performed on PubMed, EBSCO, and Web of Science. Studies were included according to the Participants, Intervention, Comparison, Outcomes, and Setting inclusion strategy. The risk of bias was assessed through the Cochrane Collaboration tool, and the quality of each study was evaluated through the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale. Results: The electronic search resulted in 145 studies. Only eight studies were included after screening. The studies performed well in terms of allocation, blinding effectiveness, and selective reporting. Besides, the PEDro scores of all the studies were over six, which indicated that the included studies have high quality. Seven studies reported that tDCS induced remarkable improvements in the physical performances of the foot and ankle, including foot sole vibratory and tactile threshold, toe pinch force, ankle choice reaction time, accuracy index of ankle tracking, and ankle range of motion, compared with sham. Conclusion: The results in these studies demonstrate that tDCS is promising to help improve the physical performances of the foot and ankle. The possible underlying mechanisms are that tDCS can ultimately influence the neural circuitry responsible for the neuromechanical regulation of the foot and ankle and then improve their physical performances. However, the number of studies included was limited and their sample sizes were small; therefore, more researches are highly needed to confirm the findings of the current studies and explore the underlying neuromechanical effects of tDCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songlin Xiao
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Baofeng Wang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Xini Zhang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Junhong Zhou
- The Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, MA, United States.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Weijie Fu
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
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16
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Zhuang W, Yin K, Zi Y, Liu Y. Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation: Augmenting the Training and Performance Potential in Esports Players. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10070454. [PMID: 32679797 PMCID: PMC7407750 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10070454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
During the last two decades, esports, a highly competitive sporting activity, has gained increasing popularity. Both performance and competition in esports require players to have fine motor skills and physical and cognitive abilities in controlling and manipulating digital activities in a virtual environment. While strategies for building and improving skills and abilities are crucial for successful gaming performance, few effective training approaches exist in the fast-growing area of competitive esports. In this paper, we describe a non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) approach and highlight the relevance and potential areas for research while being cognizant of various technical, safety, and ethical issues related to NIBS when applied to esports.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yu Liu
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-21-65507860
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17
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Ortiz M, Iáñez E, Gaxiola-Tirado JA, Gutiérrez D, Azorín JM. Study of the Functional Brain Connectivity and Lower-Limb Motor Imagery Performance After Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation. Int J Neural Syst 2020; 30:2050038. [DOI: 10.1142/s0129065720500380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The use of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been related to the improvement of motor and learning tasks. The current research studies the effects of an asymmetric tDCS setup over brain connectivity, when the subject is performing a motor imagery (MI) task during five consecutive days. A brain–computer interface (BCI) based on electroencephalography is simulated in offline analysis to study the effect that tDCS has over different electrode configurations for the BCI. This way, the BCI performance is used as a validation index of the effect of the tDCS setup by the analysis of the classifier accuracy of the experimental sessions. In addition, the relationship between the brain connectivity and the BCI accuracy performance is analyzed. Results indicate that tDCS group, in comparison to the placebo sham group, shows a higher significant number of connectivity interactions in the motor electrodes during MI tasks and an increasing BCI accuracy over the days. However, the asymmetric tDCS setup does not improve the BCI performance of the electrodes in the intended hemisphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Ortiz
- Brain-Machine Interface Systems Lab, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Avenida Universidad sn. Ed. Innova, Elche, Alicante 03202, Spain
| | - Eduardo Iáñez
- Brain-Machine Interface Systems Lab, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Avenida Universidad sn. Ed. Innova, Elche, Alicante 03202, Spain
| | - Jorge A. Gaxiola-Tirado
- Center for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav), Monterrey’s Unit, Vía del Conocimiento 201 PIIT, 66600, Apodaca NL 66600, Mexico
| | - David Gutiérrez
- Center for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav), Monterrey’s Unit, Vía del Conocimiento 201 PIIT, 66600, Apodaca NL 66600, Mexico
| | - José M. Azorín
- Systems Engineering and Automation Department, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Avenida Universidad sn. Ed. Innova, Elche, Alicante 03202, Spain
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18
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Pilloni G, Choi C, Coghe G, Cocco E, Krupp LB, Pau M, Charvet LE. Gait and Functional Mobility in Multiple Sclerosis: Immediate Effects of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) Paired With Aerobic Exercise. Front Neurol 2020; 11:310. [PMID: 32431658 PMCID: PMC7214839 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Walking impairments are a debilitating feature of multiple sclerosis (MS) because of the direct interference with daily activity. The management of motor symptoms in those with MS remains a therapeutic challenge. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a type of non-invasive brain stimulation that is emerging as a promising rehabilitative tool but requires further characterization to determine its optimal therapeutic use. In this randomized, sham-controlled proof-of-concept study, we tested the immediate effects of a single tDCS session on walking and functional mobility in those with MS. Seventeen participants with MS completed one 20-min session of aerobic exercise, randomly assigned to be paired with either active (2.5 mA, n = 9) or sham (n = 8) tDCS over the primary motor cortex (M1). The groups (active vs. sham) were matched according to gender (50% vs. 60% F), age (52.1 ± 12.85 vs. 54.2 ± 8.5 years), and level of neurological disability (median Expanded Disability Status Scale score 5.5 vs. 5). Gait speed on the 10-m walk test and the Timed Up and Go (TUG) time were measured by a wearable inertial sensor immediately before and following the 20-min session, with changes compared between conditions and time. There were no significant differences in gait speed or TUG time changes following the session in the full sample or between the active vs. sham groups. These findings suggest that a single session of anodal tDCS over M1 is not sufficient to affect walking and functional mobility in those with MS. Instead, behavioral motor response of tDCS is likely to be cumulative, and the effects of multiple tDCS sessions require further study. Clinical Trial Registration:www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT03658668.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Pilloni
- NYU Langone Health, Department of Neurology, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Mechanical, Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Claire Choi
- SUNY Downstate, Department of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Giancarlo Coghe
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Eleonora Cocco
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Lauren B Krupp
- NYU Langone Health, Department of Neurology, New York, NY, United States
| | - Massimiliano Pau
- Department of Mechanical, Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Leigh E Charvet
- NYU Langone Health, Department of Neurology, New York, NY, United States
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