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Malacarne A, Jain S, Barouxis L, Walterscheid B, Finkelman M. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and psychostimulant use in patients seeking dental care-Associations with common orofacial pain complaints. J Oral Rehabil 2024; 51:947-953. [PMID: 38379383 DOI: 10.1111/joor.13662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dental medicine should expand its scope to properly assess medical and psychosocial factors that might have an impact on patients' oral health. Based on previous literature and clinical experience, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and psychostimulant medications might represent factors associated with orofacial pain symptoms. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to assess whether common orofacial pain complaints such as jaw pain, jaw clicking, teeth clenching and headaches are more prevalent in dental patients who have an ADHD diagnosis and/or use psychostimulant medications. METHODS Orofacial pain symptoms prevalence was compared among four groups from a sample of new patients seeking dental care at Tufts University School of Dental Medicine (n = 11 699) based on ADHD diagnosis and psychostimulants intake: G1: no ADHD, no stimulants; G2: yes ADHD, yes stimulants; G3: yes ADHD, no stimulants; G4: no ADHD, yes stimulants. RESULTS In multivariable logistic regression models adjusting for age, gender, tobacco use, and alcohol consumption, significant differences were found for clenching (p < .0001), jaw pain (p < .0001), and headache (p < .0001). Compared to G1, two groups (G2 and G4) exhibited significantly higher odds of clenching and headaches, whereas only G2 exhibited significantly higher odds of jaw pain. CONCLUSIONS In comparison with patients without ADHD and not taking psychostimulants medications, dental patients using psychostimulants with and without ADHD diagnosis report headaches and teeth clenching more frequently, while jaw pain is reported more frequently only by those taking psychostimulants with an ADHD diagnosis. Further research is necessary to assess the nature of these associations and their clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Malacarne
- Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shruti Jain
- Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lena Barouxis
- Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Matthew Finkelman
- Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Melwani-Sadhwani R, Alonso-Agustín ER, Sagols-Ruiz A, Contreras-Madrid AI. Analysis of Oral Health among ADHD-Affected and Non-ADHD Children in Gran Canaria. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:779. [PMID: 38610200 PMCID: PMC11011864 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12070779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
A study in Gran Canaria assessed the oral health of 53 children diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and 106 without ADHD, aged 6 to 16 years. Clinical data on dental caries, conservative treatments, and periodontal health were recorded. The main objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of dental caries in children with ADHD and how their habits and behaviors contribute to their oral health status. The results showed that children with ADHD had a significant increase in dental caries, conservative treatments, and gingival bleeding. A connection with diet was found, though it did not have a negative impact. No increase in periodontal index was observed, and no significant relationship with diet, family factors, or breastfeeding was found. The evidence suggests that children with ADHD should undergo frequent dental check-ups to monitor oral health and receive education on the importance of the quality and frequency of tooth brushing. These findings highlight the need to address oral health in children with ADHD and the necessity for adequate dental care in this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshan Melwani-Sadhwani
- Department of Dental Sciences/Faculty of Dentistry, University Fernando Pessoa Canarias, 35450 Santa María de Guía, Spain;
| | | | - Audrey Sagols-Ruiz
- Primary Care Management of the Area of Gran Canaria, 35006 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain;
| | - Ana Isabel Contreras-Madrid
- Department of Dental Sciences/Faculty of Dentistry, University Fernando Pessoa Canarias, 35450 Santa María de Guía, Spain;
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Drumond VZ, de Oliveira TN, de Arruda JAA, Mesquita RA, Abreu LG. Dental trauma in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. SPECIAL CARE IN DENTISTRY 2023; 43:635-644. [PMID: 36606334 DOI: 10.1111/scd.12819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
AIM Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a childhood neurodevelopmental disorder primarily characterized by inattention and hyperactivity that affects approximately 7.2% of children and adolescents worldwide. This study aimed to assess whether children and adolescents with ADHD were more likely to have dental trauma when compared to their healthy peers. METHODS This study was reported following the statements proposed in MOOSE (Meta-analyses Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology). PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, APA PsycINFO, LILACS, and grey literature were searched until October 2022. Observational studies with a control group were eligible. The risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. The meta-analysis was performed using the R language. GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) was applied. RESULTS A total of 239 studies were detected; of these, six were included in the qualitative synthesis and four were merged in the meta-analysis (OR = 1.80 [1.16-2.80]; I2 = 18.6% [0.0%-87.5%]). The risk of bias was high. The strength of the evidence was "very low." CONCLUSION Children and adolescents with ADHD are more likely to have dental trauma than their non-ADHD peers. However, due to limitations in the design of the included studies, a causal relationship cannot be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Zanetti Drumond
- Department of Oral Surgery and Implantology, Faculdades Unidas do Norte de Minas, Ipatinga, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Thaynara Nascimento de Oliveira
- Department of Child and Adolescent Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - José Alcides Almeida de Arruda
- Department of Oral Surgery, Pathology and Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Alves Mesquita
- Department of Oral Surgery, Pathology and Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lucas Guimarães Abreu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Drumond VZ, Andrade AA, de Arruda JAA, Mesquita RA, Abreu LG. Periodontal outcomes of children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2022; 23:537-546. [PMID: 35838891 DOI: 10.1007/s40368-022-00732-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to answer the following question: Are children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) more likely to have gingival or periodontal disease-related outcomes than their non-ADHD peers? METHODS Searches were conducted in the following databases: Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed. Google Scholar and OpenGrey were also verified. Observational studies were included in which children and adolescents with ADHD were compared with their healthy peers in terms of gingival and/or periodontal endpoints. Bias appraisal was performed using the Joann Briggs tool for case-control and cross-sectional studies. Meta-analysis was performed using R language. Results are reported as mean difference (MD) and odds ratio (OR). Statistical analyses were performed in RStudio. RESULTS A total of 149 records were identified in the searches. Seven studies were included. The meta-analysis showed that children and adolescents with ADHD had a higher mean gingival bleeding index (percentage) than their non-ADHD peers (MD = 11.25; CI = 0.08-22.41; I2 = 73%). There was no difference between groups for plaque index (MD = 4.87; CI = - 2.56 to 12.30; I2 = 63%) and gingivitis (OR = 1.42; CI = 0.22-9.21; I2 = 76%). Regarding the assessment of risk of bias, the major issue found in the articles was the absence of analyses for the control of confounding factors. CONCLUSION Children and adolescents with ADHD had more gingival bleeding than their non-ADHD peers, but no difference regarding plaque or gingivitis was detected between groups. CLINICAL REGISTRATION CRD42021258404.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Z Drumond
- School of Dentistry, Faculdade Pitágoras de Ipatinga, Ipatinga, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - A A Andrade
- School of Dentistry, Faculdade Pitágoras de Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - J A A de Arruda
- Department of Oral Surgery, Pathology and Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - R A Mesquita
- Department of Oral Surgery, Pathology and Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - L G Abreu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Drumond VZ, Souza GLN, Pereira MJDC, Mesquita RA, Amin M, Abreu LG. Dental caries in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a meta-analysis. Caries Res 2021; 56:3-14. [PMID: 34929707 DOI: 10.1159/000521142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate whether children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are more affected by dental caries than children without ADHD by means of a systematic review and meta-analysis. DESIGN Electronic searches was performed in four databases (PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science) in July 2021. Grey literature search in OpenGrey, a search in Google Scholar, and searches in the reference list of included articles were also conducted. The eligibility criteria were observational studies in which children with ADHD were compared with children without ADHD with respect to the dental caries. Study selection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment, applying the Joanna Briggs tool were performed by two reviewers independently. Meta-analysis and assessment of heterogeneity among studies were conducted with the meta-package of RStudio using the R programming language (R Core Team, Vienna, Austria). Results of meta-analysis were provided in mean difference (MD), odds ratio (OR), and confidence intervals (CI). For assessment of heterogeneity, Baujat plot and influence analysis plot were obtained. RESULTS Thirteen studies were included and 10 were incorporated into meta-analyses. The meta-analysis showed that children with ADHD had a higher decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) index than their peers without ADHD (I²=42%; MD=0.75 [0.38-1.13]). For decayed, missing, and filled surfaces (DMFS) (I²=0; MD=0.39 [-0.02-0.80]) and decayed surfaces (DS/ds) (I²=0%; MD=0.35 [-0.63-1.33]), no difference between groups was observed. In addition, children with ADHD had higher odds of having dental caries than their healthy peers (OR = 3.31 [1.25, 8.73]; I² = 0%). After assessment of heterogeneity among studies, sensitivity analysis was conducted for DMFT. One study was removed and the significant difference between groups remained. Children with ADHD had a significantly higher DMFT index than their peers without ADHD (MD = 0.98 [CI = 0.75, 1.20]; I² = 0%) Risk of bias ranged from low to high. CONCLUSION The main shortcoming of the included studies is the high risk of bias regarding the strategies to deal with confounding factors. Within its limitations, this systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrated that children with ADHD were more likely to develop dental caries than their healthy counterparts. FUNDING No funding Registration: CRD42021238923.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gabriela Luíza Nunes Souza
- Department of Child's and Adolescent's Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo Alves Mesquita
- Department of Oral Pathology and Surgery, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Maryam Amin
- School of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Lucas Guimarães Abreu
- Department of Child's and Adolescent's Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Hanafy RM, Abdelmoniem SA. Impact of an oral health education program in Egyptian children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A cross sectional study. SPECIAL CARE IN DENTISTRY 2021; 42:252-256. [PMID: 34750840 DOI: 10.1111/scd.12675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study was conducted to assess the oral health status in a group of Egyptian children, living with ADHD, before and after the implementation of an oral health education program. METHODS A total of 29 Egyptian children, aged 8-12 years old diagnosed with ADHD were enrolled in this study. Their oral health status was assessed using OHI-S. Oral health education program using audiovisual and verbal methods was addressed to the children and their caregivers. The children were advised to limit eating sugar to be once per week, and to brush their teeth twice a day. Modified Bass Technique of tooth brushing was demonstrated to the children using jaw model and toothbrush. A motivational visit was performed for the children after 1 month. At the end of the 3 months program, oral health status of the children was reassessed. RESULTS The results showed that there was a significant increase in cases with "Good" scores after the oral health education program (p < .001), moreover, there was a significant decrease of OHI-S scores after the program (p < .001). CONCLUSION The oral health education program was efficient in achieving improvement in the oral health status of children with ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha Mh Hanafy
- Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Soad A Abdelmoniem
- Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Risk of Respiratory Infectious Diseases and the Role of Methylphenidate in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Population-Based Cohort Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18115824. [PMID: 34071586 PMCID: PMC8199289 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18115824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are commonly affected by medical illness. The aim of the present study was to explore the risks of contracting respiratory infectious diseases (RIDs), including upper and lower RIDs and influenza, in children with ADHD. We also examined whether methylphenidate has a protective effect regarding the risk of contracting RIDs among children with ADHD who have a history of methylphenidate treatment. Children in the Taiwan Maternal and Child Health Database from 2004 to 2016 were included in the present study. Upper and lower RIDs, influenza, ADHD, age, sex, and records of methylphenidate prescription were identified. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to estimate the significance of the risk of RIDs among children with ADHD in comparison with that among children without ADHD after adjustment for sex and age. The self-controlled case series analysis was conducted to examine the protective effect of methylphenidate treatment against RIDs. In total, 85,853 children with ADHD and 1,458,750 children without ADHD were included in the study. After controlling for sociodemographic variables, we observed that children with ADHD had significantly higher risks of upper RIDs, lower RIDs, and influenza infection than did those without ADHD. Among the children with ADHD who had a history of methylphenidate treatment, the risk of contracting RIDs was lower during the methylphenidate treatment period than during the nontreatment period. Children with ADHD had a higher RID risk than those without ADHD. Methylphenidate might reduce the risk of RIDs among children with ADHD who have a history of methylphenidate treatment.
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Genç HA, Kılıçoğlu H, Okutan S, Sabuncuoğlu O. Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms in A Group of Children Receiving Orthodontic Treatment in Turkey. Turk J Orthod 2020; 33:31-36. [PMID: 32284896 DOI: 10.5152/turkjorthod.2020.19020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective Children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are known to have several oral health problems, particularly traumatic dental injuries, decayed or filled teeth, and poor oral hygiene. The objective of the present study was to determine the ADHD symptoms in a group of patients with malocclusion and receiving orthodontic treatment. Methods A total of 88 subjects with a diagnosis of malocclusion between aged 8 and 17 years were included in the study. Socio-demographic characteristics, breastfeeding history, oral habits, and dental trauma history of the subjects were acquired by a detailed questionnaire. Subjects and their parents completed questionnaires addressing ADHD, other psychiatric problems, and dental health impact on the quality of life. During the orthodontic examination, the Index of Complexity, Outcome, and Need was applied to confirm the diagnosis of malocclusion. Results Parent-reported psychiatric complaint occurred in almost half of the patients (n=38, 43.2%); the most frequent psychiatric complaints were inattention (n=22, 25%), opposition (n=13, 14.8%), and hyperactivity (n=11, 12.5%). The estimated ADHD prevalence according to parent measure was 15.9% (n=14). Self-report measures revealed that 18.4% (n=16) had behavioral symptoms. The most affected quality of life domain was psychological discomfort. Conclusion The findings indicate that ADHD prevalence in children with malocclusion is high. The orthodontists should have a keen eye on behavioral problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herdem Aslan Genç
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Koç University Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Hülya Kılıçoğlu
- Department of Orthodontics, İstanbul University School of Dentistry, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Serhan Okutan
- Department of Orthodontics, İstanbul University School of Dentistry, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Osman Sabuncuoğlu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Marmara University School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
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Silveira ALNDMES, Magno MB, Soares TRC. The relationship between special needs and dental trauma. A systematic review and meta-analysis. Dent Traumatol 2019; 36:218-236. [PMID: 31724811 DOI: 10.1111/edt.12527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Understanding the risk factors for dental injuries is essential to develop prevention strategies. The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine whether people with special needs (SN) have a higher incidence of traumatic dental injury (TDI). MATERIALS AND METHODS Electronic searches were performed with no language or date restrictions in the following databases: PubMed, Lilacs, BBO, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and Open Gray. According to the PECOS strategy, observational studies that investigated subjects with and without SN and its association with TDI episodes were included. Quality assessment and bias control were carried out according to Fowkes and Fulton guidelines. A meta-analysis was performed by sub-grouping studies according to the type of SN, with the odds ratio (OR) also being calculated (P ≤ .05). The evidence was quality tested using the GRADE approach. RESULTS After titles and abstracts were examined, and full texts were read, 28 studies were included in the qualitative synthesis and 27 in the meta-analysis. Three studies were classified with high methodological quality and the others had methodological problems. No associations were determined between TDI and autism spectrum disorder, epilepsy and mental disability (OR 1.12 [0.70, 1.78], OR 1.28 [0.13, 12.27] and OR 1.04 [0.20, 5.35], respectively, P > .05). A positive association (P < .05) was found between TDI and hyperactivity disorder, cerebral palsy, 21 trisomy, various conditions of SN and in pooled results (OR 2.67 [1.22, 5.87], OR 1.89 [1.06, 3.37], OR 6.18 [2.24, 17.05], OR 1.69 [1.18, 2.41], OR 1.61 [1.16; 2.22], respectively).The certainty of evidence ranged from very low to low. CONCLUSIONS In general, people with SN had a higher chance of having TDI with very low certainty of evidence. People with ADHD and cerebral palsy had a higher chance of TDI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcela Baraúna Magno
- Post Doctoral Research of Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thais Rodrigues Campos Soares
- School of Dentistry, Universidade Salgado de Oliveira, Niterói, RJ, Brazil.,Post Doctoral Research of Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Ehlers V, Callaway A, Wantzen S, Patyna M, Deschner J, Azrak B. Oral health of children and adolescents with or without attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) living in residential care in rural Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. BMC Oral Health 2019; 19:258. [PMID: 31766996 PMCID: PMC6878625 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-019-0948-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is defined as childhood neurobehavioural disorder. Due to short attention span, oral hygiene and dental treatment of such individuals can be challenging. Aim of this study was to evaluate the oral health of children and adolescents with and without ADHD living in residential care in rural Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. Methods Included in the study were 79 participants (male/female:58/21, age 9–15 years) living in residential care: 34 participants with ADHD and 45 participants without ADHD (control). Oral examination included the following parameters decayed, missing, filled teeth in the primary dentition (dmft), decayed, missing, filled surfaces/teeth in the secondary dentition (DMFS/DMFT), approximal plaque index (API), bruxism and orthodontic treatment. Additionally, oral hygiene, last dental visit and treatment performed, and dietary habits were assessed by questionnaire. Results There were no significant differences in dmft, API, bruxism and oral hygiene habits between groups. However, participants with ADHD tended to have higher DMFS/DMFT values than the control group. Ongoing orthodontic treatment was found more often in the control group. The ADHD group tended to consume acidic/sugary beverages and sweet snacks more often than the controls. Different treatments (control visit/prophylaxis, dental therapy, orthodontic treatment) were performed at the last dental visit in the two groups. Conclusions Within the limitations of this study, oral health was similar in children and adolescents with or without ADHD from the same residential care setting. Parents/guardians need instructions for better supervision of oral hygiene and dietary habits to improve the poor oral health of children with or without ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicky Ehlers
- Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Angelika Callaway
- Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sophia Wantzen
- Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Michael Patyna
- Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - James Deschner
- Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Birgül Azrak
- Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany
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Begnini GJ, Brancher JA, Guimarães AT, de Araujo MR, Pizzatto E. Oral Health of Children and Adolescents with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2019; 12:543-547. [PMID: 32440072 PMCID: PMC7229396 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim The aim of the study was to evaluate the oral health conditions of children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Materials and methods Two groups were selected: a test group comprising 51 individuals with ADHD and a control group with 50 individuals without ADHD, with ages ranging from 7 to 14 years. Through an intraoral clinical examination, the numbers of decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT index), the visible plaque index (VPI), the gingival bleeding index (GBI), bruxism, and dental traumatism were verified. A questionnaire confirmed oral hygiene supervision. Results In the test group, the average DMFT index was 3.41 while it was 2.52 in the control group (p = 0.405). The VPI in the test and control groups was 36.84% and 24.54%, respectively (p = 0.004). The GBI was 8.37% for the test group and 4.94% for the control group (p = 0.012). The DMFT index when supervised the oral hygiene by those responsible in comparison with the nonsupervision was 1.89 and 4.31, respectively, in the test group, and 1.71 and 2.94, respectively, in the control group. Conclusion These data suggest that children and adolescents with ADHD present with worse oral health conditions and need greater attention from dental professionals and those responsible for their diet and oral hygiene. Clinical significance Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder needs a special attention. This research brings this important issue focus on oral health. How to cite this article Begnini GJ, Brancher JA, Guimarães ATB, et al. Oral Health of Children and Adolescents with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2019;12(6):543–547.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilmar J Begnini
- Department of Graduate Studies, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidade Positivo, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - João A Brancher
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidade Positivo, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Ana Tb Guimarães
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Paraná State University, Cascavel, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Eduardo Pizzatto
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidade Positivo, Curitiba, Brazil
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von Bremen J, Lorenz N, Ludwig B, Ruf S. Increased BMI in children—an indicator for less compliance during orthodontic treatment with removable appliances. Eur J Orthod 2018; 40:350-355. [DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjy007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Björn Ludwig
- Private Orthodontic Practice, Traben-Trarbach, Germany
| | - Sabine Ruf
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Giessen
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