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Li L, Wang L, Zhang L. Therapeutic Potential of Natural Compounds from Herbs and Nutraceuticals in Alleviating Neurological Disorders: Targeting the Wnt Signaling Pathway. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:2411-2433. [PMID: 38284360 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c07536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
As an important signaling pathway in multicellular eukaryotes, the Wnt signaling pathway participates in a variety of physiological processes. Recent studies have confirmed that the Wnt signaling pathway plays an important role in neurological disorders such as stroke, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease. The regulation of Wnt signaling by natural compounds in herbal medicines and nutraceuticals has emerged as a potential strategy for the development of new drugs for neurological disorders. Purpose: The aim of this review is to evaluate the latest research results on the efficacy of natural compounds derived from herbs and nutraceuticals in the prevention and treatment of neurological disorders by regulating the Wnt pathway in vivo and in vitro. A manual and electronic search was performed for English articles available from PubMed, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect from the January 2010 to February 2023. Keywords used for the search engines were "natural products,″ "plant derived products,″ "Wnt+ clinical trials,″ and "Wnt+,″ and/or paired with "natural products″/″plant derived products", and "neurological disorders." A total of 22 articles were enrolled in this review, and a variety of natural compounds from herbal medicine and nutritional foods have been shown to exert therapeutic effects on neurological disorders through the Wnt pathway, including curcumin, resveratrol, and querctrin, etc. These natural products possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and angiogenic properties, confer neurovascular unit and blood-brain barrier integrity protection, and affect neural stem cell differentiation, synaptic formation, and neurogenesis, to play a therapeutic role in neurological disorders. In various in vivo and in vitro studies and clinical trials, these natural compounds have been shown to be safe and tolerable with few adverse effects. Natural compounds may serve a therapeutic role in neurological disorders by regulating the Wnt pathway. This summary of the research progress of natural compounds targeting the Wnt pathway may provide new insights for the treatment of neurological disorders and potential targets for the development of new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, Liaoning PR China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, Liaoning PR China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 39 Huaxiang Road, Tiexi District, Shenyang 110000, Liaoning PR China
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Mizutani T, Tsuchiya S, Honda M, Montenegro Raudales JL, Kuroda K, Miyamoto H, Nakamura T, Ishibashi K, Shibuya Y. Alkali-treated titanium dioxide promotes formation of proteoglycan layer and altered calcification and immunotolerance capacity in bone marrow stem cell. Biochem Biophys Rep 2023; 36:101569. [PMID: 38024862 PMCID: PMC10658208 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2023.101569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction In this study, we report that a proteoglycans (PGs)-layer between the bone and titanium dioxide (TiO2) surface after osseointegration improved the calcification capacity and immunotolerance of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) on TiO2. Alkaline treatment of TiO2 is a method for promoting osteogenesis in hBMSCs. We hypothesized that promotion of osteogenesis due to alkaline treatment was caused by changing PGs-layer on TiO2. Objective This study aimed to analyze whether alkaline treatment of TiO2 affects PGs-layer formation and immunotolerance in hBMSCs. Methods The topology and wettability of the alkaline-treated titanium (Ti-Al) and unprocessed titanium (Ti-MS) surfaces were characterized. Initial cell attachment, cell proliferation, calcification capacity, alkaline phosphatase activity, PGs-layer formation, PGs function, and the expression of osteogenic and immunotolerance-related genes were analyzed. The conditioned medium (CM) from hBMSCs grown on Ti-Al and Ti-MS was added to macrophages (hMps) and Jurkat cells, and immunotolerance gene expression in these cells was analyzed. Results hBMSCs cultured on Ti-Al showed increased initial cell attachment, cell proliferation, PG-layer formation, and osteogenic capacity compared with hBMSCs on Ti-MS. Gene expression of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) in the hBMSCs cultured on Ti-Al was higher than that in the hBMSCs on Ti-MS. CM from hBMSCs did not affect markers of M1 and M2 macrophages in hMps. CM from hBMSCs cultured on Ti-Al altered the gene expression of Foxp3 in Jurkat cells compared to that of CM from hBMSCs on Ti-MS. Significance These results suggest that alkaline treatment of TiO2 altered PGs-layer formation, and changed the osteogenesis and immunotolerance of hBMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi Mizutani
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi Mizuho-cho Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8602, Japan
| | - Shuhei Tsuchiya
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi Mizuho-cho Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8602, Japan
| | - Masaki Honda
- Department of Oral Anatomy, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, 1-100 Kusumoto-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 470-0131, Japan
| | - Jorge Luis Montenegro Raudales
- Department of Oral Anatomy, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, 1-100 Kusumoto-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 470-0131, Japan
| | - Kensuke Kuroda
- EcoTopia Science Institute, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Hironori Miyamoto
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi Mizuho-cho Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8602, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Nakamura
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi Mizuho-cho Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8602, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Ishibashi
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi Mizuho-cho Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8602, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Shibuya
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi Mizuho-cho Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8602, Japan
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Chen X, Li N, Hu P, Li L, Li D, Liu H, Zhu L, Xiao J, Liu C. Deficiency of Fam20b-Catalyzed Glycosaminoglycan Chain Synthesis in Neural Crest Leads to Cleft Palate. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119634. [PMID: 37298583 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cleft palate is one of the most common birth defects. Previous studies revealed that multiple factors, including impaired intracellular or intercellular signals, and incoordination of oral organs led to cleft palate, but were little concerned about the contribution of the extracellular matrix (ECM) during palatogenesis. Proteoglycans (PGs) are one of the important macromolecules in the ECM. They exert biological functions through one or more glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains attached to core proteins. The family with sequence similarity 20 member b (Fam20b) are newly identified kinase-phosphorylating xylose residues that promote the correct assembly of the tetrasaccharide linkage region by creating a premise for GAG chain elongation. In this study, we explored the function of GAG chains in palate development through Wnt1-Cre; Fam20bf/f mice, which exhibited complete cleft palate, malformed tongue, and micrognathia. In contrast, Osr2-Cre; Fam20bf/f mice, in which Fam20b was deleted only in palatal mesenchyme, showed no abnormality, suggesting that failed palatal elevation in Wnt1-Cre; Fam20bf/f mice was secondary to micrognathia. In addition, the reduced GAG chains promoted the apoptosis of palatal cells, primarily resulting in reduced cell density and decreased palatal volume. The suppressed BMP signaling and reduced mineralization indicated an impaired osteogenesis of palatine, which could be rescued partially by constitutively active Bmpr1a. Together, our study highlighted the key role of GAG chains in palate morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Chen
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Nan Li
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Basic Research in Oral Medicine, School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Ping Hu
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Leilei Li
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Danya Li
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Han Liu
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Basic Research in Oral Medicine, School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Basic Research in Oral Medicine, School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Jing Xiao
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Basic Research in Oral Medicine, School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Basic Research in Oral Medicine, School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
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Chen J, Sun T, You Y, Lin B, Wu B, Wu J. Genome-wide identification of potential odontogenic genes involved in the dental epithelium-mesenchymal interaction during early odontogenesis. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:163. [PMID: 37013486 PMCID: PMC10069120 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09140-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epithelium-mesenchymal interactions are involved in odontogenic processes. Previous studies have focused on the intracellular signalling regulatory network in tooth development, but the functions of extracellular regulatory molecules have remained unclear. This study aims to explore the gene profile of extracellular proteoglycans and their glycosaminoglycan chains potentially involved in dental epithelium-mesenchymal interactions using high-throughput sequencing to provide new understanding of early odontogenesis. RESULTS Whole transcriptome profiles of the mouse dental epithelium and mesenchyme were investigated by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). A total of 1,281 and 1,582 differentially expressed genes were identified between the dental epithelium and mesenchyme at E11.5 and E13.5, respectively. Enrichment analysis showed that extracellular regions and ECM-receptor interactions were significantly enriched at both E11.5 and E13.5. Polymerase chain reaction analysis confirmed that the extracellular proteoglycan family exhibited distinct changes during epithelium-mesenchymal interactions. Most proteoglycans showed higher transcript levels in the dental mesenchyme, whereas only a few were upregulated in the epithelium at both stages. In addition, 9 proteoglycans showed dynamic expression changes between these two tissue compartments. Gpc4, Sdc2, Spock2, Dcn and Lum were expressed at higher levels in the dental epithelium at E11.5, whereas their expression was significantly higher in the dental mesenchyme at E13.5, which coincides with the odontogenic potential shift. Moreover, the glycosaminoglycan biosynthetic enzymes Ext1, Hs3st1/5, Hs6st2/3, Ndst3 and Sulf1 also exhibited early upregulation in the epithelium but showed markedly higher expression in the mesenchyme after the odontogenic potential shift. CONCLUSION This study reveals the dynamic expression profile of extracellular proteoglycans and their biosynthetic enzymes during the dental epithelium-mesenchymal interaction. This study offers new insight into the roles of extracellular proteoglycans and their distinct sulfation underlying early odontogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
- School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Tianyu Sun
- Department of Periodontology, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Yan You
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
- School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Binbin Lin
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
- School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Buling Wu
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
- School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
- Southern Medical University- Shenzhen Stomatology Hospital (Pingshan), ShenZhen, 518118, China.
| | - Jingyi Wu
- Center of Oral Implantology, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China.
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Song X, Okabe K, Ohta Y, Ohara G, Toyama N, Chang Q, Wang Y, Hibi H. Family with sequence similarity 20 member B regulates osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on titanium surfaces. Acta Biomater 2023; 161:298-308. [PMID: 36871775 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Successful bone regeneration on titanium (Ti) surfaces is a key process in dental implant treatment. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are fundamental cellular components of this process, and their early recruitment, proliferation, and differentiation into bone-forming osteoblasts are crucial. A proteoglycan (PG)-rich layer has been reported to exist between Ti surfaces and bones; however, the molecules that could potentially affect the formation of this layer remain unknown. Family with sequence similarity 20 member B (FAM20B) is a newly identified kinase that regulates the synthesis of glycosaminoglycans, an important component of the PG-rich layer. Because FAM20B is also closely associated with bone development, in this study, we examined the function of FAM20B in osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs on Ti surfaces. For this, BMSC cell lines with knocked down FAM20B (shBMSCs) were cultured on Ti surfaces. The results showed that the depletion of FAM20B reduced the formation of a PG-rich layer between the Ti surfaces and cells. The shBMSCs exhibited downregulated expression of osteogenic marker genes (ALP and OCN) and decreased mineral deposition. Moreover, shBMSCs reduced the molecular levels of p-ERK1/2, which plays an important role in MSC osteogenesis. The nuclear translocation of RUNX2, an important transcription factor for osteogenic differentiation, on the Ti surfaces is inhibited by the depletion of FAM20B in BMSCs. Moreover, the depletion of FAM20B reduced the transcriptional activity of RUNX2, which is important in regulating the expression of osteogenic genes. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Bone healing and regeneration on implanted titanium surfaces is a cell-material interaction. Such an interaction is enabled by bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), and their early recruitment, proliferation, and differentiation into bone-forming osteoblasts are essential for bone healing and osseointegration. In this study, we found that the family with sequence similarity 20-B influenced the formation of a proteoglycan rich layer between BMSCs and the titanium surface and regulated the differentiation of BMSCs into bone-forming osteoblasts. We believe that our study contributes significantly to the further exploration of bone healing and osseointegration mechanisms on implanted titanium surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinman Song
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Kazuto Okabe
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan.
| | - Yuya Ohta
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nagoya University Hospital, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Go Ohara
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Naoto Toyama
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nagoya University Hospital, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Qi Chang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yilin Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Hideharu Hibi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nagoya University Hospital, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
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Chen J, Sun T, You Y, Wu B, Wang X, Wu J. Proteoglycans and Glycosaminoglycans in Stem Cell Homeostasis and Bone Tissue Regeneration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:760532. [PMID: 34917612 PMCID: PMC8669051 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.760532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells maintain a subtle balance between self-renewal and differentiation under the regulatory network supported by both intracellular and extracellular components. Proteoglycans are large glycoproteins present abundantly on the cell surface and in the extracellular matrix where they play pivotal roles in facilitating signaling transduction and maintaining stem cell homeostasis. In this review, we outline distinct proteoglycans profiles and their functions in the regulation of stem cell homeostasis, as well as recent progress and prospects of utilizing proteoglycans/glycosaminoglycans as a novel glycomics carrier or bio-active molecules in bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Chen
- School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tianyu Sun
- Department of Periodontology, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan You
- School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Buling Wu
- School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Endodontics, Shenzhen Stomatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaofang Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, United states
| | - Jingyi Wu
- Center of Oral Implantology, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Mizumoto S, Yamada S. An Overview of in vivo Functions of Chondroitin Sulfate and Dermatan Sulfate Revealed by Their Deficient Mice. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:764781. [PMID: 34901009 PMCID: PMC8652114 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.764781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chondroitin sulfate (CS), dermatan sulfate (DS) and heparan sulfate (HS) are covalently attached to specific core proteins to form proteoglycans in their biosynthetic pathways. They are constructed through the stepwise addition of respective monosaccharides by various glycosyltransferases and maturated by epimerases as well as sulfotransferases. Structural diversities of CS/DS and HS are essential for their various biological activities including cell signaling, cell proliferation, tissue morphogenesis, and interactions with a variety of growth factors as well as cytokines. Studies using mice deficient in enzymes responsible for the biosynthesis of the CS/DS and HS chains of proteoglycans have demonstrated their essential functions. Chondroitin synthase 1-deficient mice are viable, but exhibit chondrodysplasia, progression of the bifurcation of digits, delayed endochondral ossification, and reduced bone density. DS-epimerase 1-deficient mice show thicker collagen fibrils in the dermis and hypodermis, and spina bifida. These observations suggest that CS/DS are essential for skeletal development as well as the assembly of collagen fibrils in the skin, and that their respective knockout mice can be utilized as models for human genetic disorders with mutations in chondroitin synthase 1 and DS-epimerase 1. This review provides a comprehensive overview of mice deficient in CS/DS biosyntheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuji Mizumoto
- Department of Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shuhei Yamada
- Department of Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan
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Dubail J, Cormier-Daire V. Chondrodysplasias With Multiple Dislocations Caused by Defects in Glycosaminoglycan Synthesis. Front Genet 2021; 12:642097. [PMID: 34220933 PMCID: PMC8242584 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.642097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chondrodysplasias with multiple dislocations form a group of severe disorders characterized by joint laxity and multiple dislocations, severe short stature of pre- and post-natal onset, hand anomalies, and/or vertebral anomalies. The majority of chondrodysplasias with multiple dislocations have been associated with mutations in genes encoding glycosyltransferases, sulfotransferases, and transporters implicated in the synthesis or sulfation of glycosaminoglycans, long and unbranched polysaccharides composed of repeated disaccharide bond to protein core of proteoglycan. Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis is a tightly regulated process that occurs mainly in the Golgi and that requires the coordinated action of numerous enzymes and transporters as well as an adequate Golgi environment. Any disturbances of this chain of reactions will lead to the incapacity of a cell to construct correct glycanic chains. This review focuses on genetic and glycobiological studies of chondrodysplasias with multiple dislocations associated with glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis defects and related animal models. Strong comprehension of the molecular mechanisms leading to those disorders, mostly through extensive phenotypic analyses of in vitro and/or in vivo models, is essential for the development of novel biomarkers for clinical screenings and innovative therapeutics for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanne Dubail
- Université de Paris, INSERM UMR 1163, Institut Imagine, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Cormier-Daire
- Université de Paris, INSERM UMR 1163, Institut Imagine, Paris, France.,Service de Génétique Clinique, Centre de Référence Pour Les Maladies Osseuses Constitutionnelles, AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
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The ABCs of the atypical Fam20 secretory pathway kinases. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100267. [PMID: 33759783 PMCID: PMC7948968 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of extracellular phosphorylation was initiated in late 19th century when the secreted milk protein, casein, and egg-yolk protein, phosvitin, were shown to be phosphorylated. However, it took more than a century to identify Fam20C, which phosphorylates both casein and phosvitin under physiological conditions. This kinase, along with its family members Fam20A and Fam20B, defined a new family with altered amino acid sequences highly atypical from the canonical 540 kinases comprising the kinome. Fam20B is a glycan kinase that phosphorylates xylose residues and triggers peptidoglycan biosynthesis, a role conserved from sponges to human. The protein kinase, Fam20C, conserved from nematodes to humans, phosphorylates well over 100 substrates in the secretory pathway with overall functions postulated to encompass endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis, nutrition, cardiac function, coagulation, and biomineralization. The preferred phosphorylation motif of Fam20C is SxE/pS, and structural studies revealed that related member Fam20A allosterically activates Fam20C by forming a heterodimeric/tetrameric complex. Fam20A, a pseudokinase, is observed only in vertebrates. Loss-of-function genetic alterations in the Fam20 family lead to human diseases such as amelogenesis imperfecta, nephrocalcinosis, lethal and nonlethal forms of Raine syndrome with major skeletal defects, and altered phosphate homeostasis. Together, these three members of the Fam20 family modulate a diverse network of secretory pathway components playing crucial roles in health and disease. The overarching theme of this review is to highlight the progress that has been made in the emerging field of extracellular phosphorylation and the key roles secretory pathway kinases play in an ever-expanding number of cellular processes.
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Associations of the microRNA gene polymorphisms with the risk of non-syndromic supernumerary teeth in a Chinese population. Arch Oral Biol 2020; 117:104771. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Wu J, Tian Y, Han L, Liu C, Sun T, Li L, Yu Y, Lamichhane B, D'Souza RN, Millar SE, Krumlauf R, Ornitz DM, Feng JQ, Klein O, Zhao H, Zhang F, Linhardt RJ, Wang X. FAM20B-catalyzed glycosaminoglycans control murine tooth number by restricting FGFR2b signaling. BMC Biol 2020; 18:87. [PMID: 32664967 PMCID: PMC7359594 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-020-00813-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The formation of supernumerary teeth is an excellent model for studying the molecular mechanisms that control stem/progenitor cell homeostasis needed to generate a renewable source of replacement cells and tissues. Although multiple growth factors and transcriptional factors have been associated with supernumerary tooth formation, the regulatory inputs of extracellular matrix in this regenerative process remains poorly understood. RESULTS In this study, we present evidence that disrupting glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in the dental epithelium of mice by inactivating FAM20B, a xylose kinase essential for GAG assembly, leads to supernumerary tooth formation in a pattern reminiscent of replacement teeth. The dental epithelial GAGs confine murine tooth number by restricting the homeostasis of Sox2(+) dental epithelial stem/progenitor cells in a non-autonomous manner. FAM20B-catalyzed GAGs regulate the cell fate of dental lamina by restricting FGFR2b signaling at the initial stage of tooth development to maintain a subtle balance between the renewal and differentiation of Sox2(+) cells. At the later cap stage, WNT signaling functions as a relay cue to facilitate the supernumerary tooth formation. CONCLUSIONS The novel mechanism we have characterized through which GAGs control the tooth number in mice may also be more broadly relevant for potentiating signaling interactions in other tissues during development and tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Wu
- Southern Medical University Hospital of Stomatology, Guangzhou, 510280, Guangdong, China.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, 3302 Gaston Ave, Dallas, TX, 75246, USA
| | - Ye Tian
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, 3302 Gaston Ave, Dallas, TX, 75246, USA.,West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, Sichuan, China
| | - Lu Han
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, 3302 Gaston Ave, Dallas, TX, 75246, USA.,West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, Sichuan, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, 3302 Gaston Ave, Dallas, TX, 75246, USA.,Department of Oral Pathology, College of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning, China
| | - Tianyu Sun
- Southern Medical University Hospital of Stomatology, Guangzhou, 510280, Guangdong, China.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, 3302 Gaston Ave, Dallas, TX, 75246, USA
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Yanlei Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Bikash Lamichhane
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, 3302 Gaston Ave, Dallas, TX, 75246, USA
| | - Rena N D'Souza
- School of Dentistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84108, USA
| | - Sarah E Millar
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Robb Krumlauf
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, 64110, USA.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - David M Ornitz
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Jian Q Feng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, 3302 Gaston Ave, Dallas, TX, 75246, USA
| | - Ophir Klein
- Department of Orofacial Sciences and Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.,Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Hu Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, 3302 Gaston Ave, Dallas, TX, 75246, USA
| | - Fuming Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Robert J Linhardt
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Xiaofang Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, 3302 Gaston Ave, Dallas, TX, 75246, USA.
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12
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Yun L, Ma L, Wang M, Yang F, Kan S, Zhang C, Xu M, Li D, Du Y, Zhang W, Pan Y, Wang L. Rs2262251 in lncRNA
RP11‐462G12.2
is associated with nonsyndromic cleft lip with/without cleft palate. Hum Mutat 2019; 40:2057-2067. [DOI: 10.1002/humu.23859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Stomatology Dalian Medical University Dalian China
| | - Lan Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
- Department of Environmental Genomics, School of Public Health Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Meilin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
- Department of Environmental Genomics, School of Public Health Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Fan Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Shiyi Kan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Min Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Dandan Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Yifei Du
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Weibing Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Yongchu Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Lin Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
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13
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Kuroda Y, Murakami H, Enomoto Y, Tsurusaki Y, Takahashi K, Mitsuzuka K, Ishimoto H, Nishimura G, Kurosawa K. A novel gene (FAM20B encoding glycosaminoglycan xylosylkinase) for neonatal short limb dysplasia resembling Desbuquois dysplasia. Clin Genet 2019; 95:713-717. [PMID: 30847897 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Desbuquois dysplasia (DBQD) is an autosomal recessive heterogeneous disorder characterized by joint laxity and skeletal changes, including a distinctive monkey-wrench appearance of the femora, advanced carpal ossification, and abnormal patterning of the preaxial digits. Two genes for DBQD (CANT1 encoding calcium-activated nucleotidase-1 and XYLT1 encoding xylosyltransferase-1) have been reported. We propose a novel gene for neonatal short limb dysplasia resembling DBQD, based on the phenotype and genotype of two affected siblings. The affected boy and girl died in early infancy and shortly after birth, respectively. The clinical hallmarks included mid-face hypoplasia, thoracic hypoplasia with respiratory failure, very short stature (approximately -7 SD of birth length) with mesomelic shortening of the limbs, and multiple dislocations of the large joints. Radiological examinations showed prominent lesser trochanter, flared metaphyses of the long bones, and joint dislocations. The affected boy had preaxial digital hypoplasia, and the affected girl showed overlapping and syndactyly of the preaxial digits. Molecular analyses of the girl showed compound heterozygous variants in FAM20B (NM_014864: c.174_178delTACCT p.T59Afs*19/c.1038delG p.N347Mfs*4). FAM20B encodes glycosaminoglycan xylosylkinase, which acts downstream of xylosyltransferase-1. Given the fact that FAM20B deficiency causes skeletal phenotypes in mice and zebrafish, these variants are highly probable to be pathogenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Kuroda
- Division of Medical Genetics, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Murakami
- Division of Medical Genetics, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yumi Enomoto
- Clinical Research Institute, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Tsurusaki
- Clinical Research Institute, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kazumi Takahashi
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Tokai University Hospital, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kanako Mitsuzuka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ishimoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Gen Nishimura
- Center for Intractable Diseases, Saitama Medical University Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kenji Kurosawa
- Division of Medical Genetics, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
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