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Martínez‐Ainsworth NE, Scheppler H, Moreno‐Letelier A, Bernau V, Kantar MB, Mercer KL, Jardón‐Barbolla L. Fluctuation of ecological niches and geographic range shifts along chile pepper's domestication gradient. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10731. [PMID: 38034338 PMCID: PMC10682905 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Domestication is an ongoing well-described process. However, while many have studied the changes domestication causes in plant genetics, few have explored its impact on the portion of the geographic landscape in which the plants exist. Therefore, the goal of this study was to understand how the process of domestication changed the geographic space suitable for chile pepper (Capsicum annuum) in its center of origin (domestication). C. annuum is a major crop species globally whose center of domestication, Mexico, has been well-studied. It provides a unique opportunity to explore the degree to which ranges of different domestication classes diverged and how these ranges might be altered by climate change. To this end, we created ecological niche models for four domestication classes (wild, semiwild, landrace, modern cultivar) based on present climate and future climate scenarios for 2050, 2070, and 2090. Considering present environment, we found substantial overlap in the geographic niches of all the domestication classes. Yet, environmental and geographic aspects of the current ranges did vary among classes. Wild and commercial varieties could grow in desert conditions, while landraces could not. With projections into the future, habitat was lost asymmetrically, with wild, semiwild, and landraces at greater risk of territorial declines than modern cultivars. Further, we identified areas where future suitability overlap between landraces and wilds is expected to be lost. While range expansion is widely associated with domestication, we found little support of a constant niche expansion (either in environmental or geographical space) throughout the domestication gradient in chile peppers in Mexico. Instead, particular domestication transitions resulted in loss, followed by capturing or recapturing environmental or geographic space. The differences in environmental characterization among domestication gradient classes and their future potential range shifts increase the need for conservation efforts to preserve landraces and semiwild genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia E. Martínez‐Ainsworth
- Centro de Investigaciones Interdisciplinarias en Ciencias y HumanidadesUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCiudad de MéxicoMexico
| | - Hannah Scheppler
- Department of Horticulture and Crop ScienceOhio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Alejandra Moreno‐Letelier
- Jardín Botánico del Instituto de BiologíaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad UniversitariaCiudad de MéxicoMexico
| | - Vivian Bernau
- Plant Introduction Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture‐Agricultural Research Service (USDA‐ARS), and Department of AgronomyIowa State UniversityAmesIowaUSA
| | - Michael B. Kantar
- Department of Tropical Plant and Soil SciencesUniversity of Hawai'iHonoluluHawaiiUSA
| | - Kristin L. Mercer
- Department of Horticulture and Crop ScienceOhio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Lev Jardón‐Barbolla
- Centro de Investigaciones Interdisciplinarias en Ciencias y HumanidadesUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCiudad de MéxicoMexico
- Department of Horticulture and Crop ScienceOhio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
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Vercellino RB, Hernández F, Presotto A. The role of intraspecific crop-weed hybridization in the evolution of weediness and invasiveness: Cultivated and weedy radish (Raphanus sativus) as a case study. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2023; 110:e16217. [PMID: 37659092 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.16217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE The phenotype of hybrids between a crop and its wild or weed counterpart is usually intermediate and maladapted compared to that of their parents; however, hybridization has sometimes been associated with increased fitness, potentially leading to enhanced weediness and invasiveness. Since the ecological context and maternal genetic effects may affect hybrid fitness, they could influence the evolutionary outcomes of hybridization. Here, we evaluated the performance of first-generation crop-weed hybrids of Raphanus sativus and their parents in two contrasting ecological conditions. METHODS Using experimental hybridization and outdoor common garden experiments, we assessed differences in time to flowering, survival to maturity, plant biomass, and reproductive components between bidirectional crop-weed hybrids and their parents in agrestal (wheat cultivation, fertilization, weeding) and ruderal (human-disturbed, uncultivated area) conditions over 2 years. RESULTS Crop, weeds, and bidirectional hybrids overlapped at least partially during the flowering period, indicating a high probability of gene flow. Hybrids survived to maturity at rates at least as successful as their parents and had higher plant biomass and fecundity, which resulted in higher fitness compared to their parents in both environments, without any differences associated with the direction of the hybridization. CONCLUSIONS Intraspecific crop-weed hybridization, regardless of the cross direction, has the potential to promote weediness in weedy R. sativus in agrestal and ruderal environments, increasing the chances for introgression of crop alleles into weed populations. This is the first report of intraspecific crop-weed hybridization in R. sativus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Román B Vercellino
- Departamento de Agronomía, CERZOS, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)-CONICET, San Andrés 800, Bahía Blanca, 8000, Argentina
| | - Fernando Hernández
- Departamento de Agronomía, CERZOS, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)-CONICET, San Andrés 800, Bahía Blanca, 8000, Argentina
- Department of Zoology and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Alejandro Presotto
- Departamento de Agronomía, CERZOS, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)-CONICET, San Andrés 800, Bahía Blanca, 8000, Argentina
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Vercellino RB, Hernández F, Pandolfo C, Ureta S, Presotto A. Agricultural weeds: the contribution of domesticated species to the origin and evolution of feral weeds. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:922-934. [PMID: 36507604 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural weeds descended from domesticated ancestors, directly from crops (endoferality) and/or from crop-wild hybridization (exoferality), may have evolutionary advantages by rapidly acquiring traits pre-adapted to agricultural habitats. Understanding the role of crops on the origin and evolution of agricultural weeds is essential to develop more effective weed management programs, minimize crop losses due to weeds, and accurately assess the risks of cultivated genes escaping. In this review, we first describe relevant traits of weediness: shattering, seed dormancy, branching, early flowering and rapid growth, and their role in the feralization process. Furthermore, we discuss how the design of "super-crops" can affect weed evolution. We then searched for literature documenting cases of agricultural weeds descended from well-domesticated crops, and describe six case studies of feral weeds evolved from major crops: maize, radish, rapeseed, rice, sorghum, and sunflower. Further studies on the origin and evolution of feral weeds can improve our understanding of the physiological and genetic mechanisms underpinning the adaptation to agricultural habitats and may help to develop more effective weed-control practices and breeding better crops. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Román B Vercellino
- Departamento de Agronomía, CERZOS, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)-CONICET, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Fernando Hernández
- Departamento de Agronomía, CERZOS, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)-CONICET, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Claudio Pandolfo
- Departamento de Agronomía, CERZOS, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)-CONICET, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Soledad Ureta
- Departamento de Agronomía, CERZOS, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)-CONICET, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Alejandro Presotto
- Departamento de Agronomía, CERZOS, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)-CONICET, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
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Hernández F, Vercellino RB, Fanna I, Presotto A. Maternal control of early life history traits affects overwinter survival and seedling phenotypes in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2021; 23:307-316. [PMID: 33222359 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
When cultivated and wild plants hybridize, hybrids often show intermediate phenotypic traits relative to their parents, which makes them unfit in natural environments. However, maternal genetic effects may affect the outcome of hybridization by controlling expression of the earliest life history traits. Here, using wild, cultivated and reciprocal crop-wild sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) hybrids, we evaluated the maternal effects on emergence timing and seedling establishment in the field and on seedling traits under controlled conditions. In the field, we evaluated reciprocal crop-wild hybrids between two wild populations with contrasting dormancy (the high dormant BAR and the low dormant DIA) and one cultivar (CROP) with low dormancy. Under controlled conditions, we evaluated reciprocal crop-wild hybrids between two wild populations (BAR and RCU) and one CROP under three contrasting temperature treatments. In the field, BAR overwintered as dormant seeds whereas DIA and CROP showed high autumn emergence (~50% of planted seeds), resulting in differential overwinter survival and seedling establishment in the spring. Reciprocal crop-wild hybrids resembled their female parents in emergence timing and success of seedling establishment. Under controlled conditions, we observed large maternal effects on most seedling traits across temperatures. Cotyledon size explained most of the variation in seedling traits, suggesting that the maternal effects on seed size have cascading effects on seedling traits. Maternal effects on early life history traits affect early plant survival and phenotypic variation of crop-wild hybrids, thus, they should be addressed in hybridization studies, especially those involving highly divergent parents, such as cultivated species and their wild ancestors.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Hernández
- CERZOS, Dpto. Agronomía, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)-CONICET, San Andrés 800, CP, 8000, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - R B Vercellino
- CERZOS, Dpto. Agronomía, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)-CONICET, San Andrés 800, CP, 8000, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - I Fanna
- CERZOS, Dpto. Agronomía, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)-CONICET, San Andrés 800, CP, 8000, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - A Presotto
- CERZOS, Dpto. Agronomía, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)-CONICET, San Andrés 800, CP, 8000, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
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Bernau VM, Jardón Barbolla L, McHale LK, Mercer KL. Germination response of diverse wild and landrace chile peppers (Capsicum spp.) under drought stress simulated with polyethylene glycol. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236001. [PMID: 33196641 PMCID: PMC7668591 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Responses to drought within a single species may vary based on plant developmental stage, drought severity, and the avoidance or tolerance mechanisms employed. Early drought stress can restrict emergence and seedling growth. Thus, in areas where water availability is limited, rapid germination leading to early plant establishment may be beneficial. Alternatively, germination without sufficient water to support the seedling may lead to early senescence, so reduced germination under low moisture conditions may be adaptive at the level of the population. We studied the germination response to osmotic stress of diverse chile pepper germplasm collected in southern Mexico from varied ecozones, cultivation systems, and of named landraces. Drought stress was simulated using polyethylene glycol solutions. Overall, survival time analysis revealed delayed germination at the 20% concentration of PEG across all ecozones. The effect was most pronounced in the genotypes from hotter, drier ecozones. Additionally, accessions from wetter and cooler ecozones had the fastest rate of germination. Moreover, accessions of the landraces Costeño Rojo and Tusta germinated more slowly and incompletely if sourced from a drier ecozone than a wetter one, indicating that slower, reduced germination under drought stress may be an adaptive avoidance mechanism. Significant differences were also observed between named landraces, with more domesticated types from intensive cultivation systems nearly always germinating faster than small-fruited backyard- or wild-types, perhaps due to the fact that the smaller-fruited accessions may have undergone less selection. Thus, we conclude that there is evidence of local adaptation to both ecozone of origin and source cultivation system in germination characteristics of diverse chile peppers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian M. Bernau
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Lev Jardón Barbolla
- Centro de Investigaciones Interdisciplinarias en Ciencias y Humanidades, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Leah K. McHale
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Kristin L. Mercer
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Hernández F, Presotto A, Poverene M, Mandel JR. Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Wild Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) in Argentina: Reconstructing Its Invasion History. J Hered 2019; 110:746-759. [PMID: 31353398 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esz047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Studying the levels and patterns of genetic diversity of invasive populations is important to understand the evolutionary and ecological factors promoting invasions and for better designing preventive and control strategies. Wild sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is native to North America and was introduced, and has become invasive, in several countries, including Argentina (ARG). Here, using classical population genetic analyses and approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) modeling, we studied the invasion history of wild sunflower in ARG. We analyzed 115 individuals belonging to 15 populations from ARG (invasive range) and United States (US, native range) at 14 nuclear and 3 chloroplast simple sequence repeat markers along with 23 phenotypic variables. Populations from ARG showed similar levels of nuclear genetic diversity to US populations and higher genetic diversity in the chloroplast genome, indicating no severe genetic bottlenecks during the invasion process. Bayesian clustering analysis, based on nuclear markers, suggests the presence of 3 genetic clusters, all present in both US and ARG. Discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC) detected an overall low population structure between central US and ARG populations but separated 2 invasive populations from the rest. ABC modeling supports multiple introductions but also a southward dispersal within ARG. Genetic and phenotypic data support the central US as a source of introduction while the source of secondary introductions could not be resolved. Finally, using genetic markers from the chloroplast genome, we found lower population structure in ARG when compared with US populations, suggesting a role for seed-mediated gene flow in Argentina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Hernández
- Departamento de Agronomía, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), San Andrés 800, Bahía Blanca, Argentina.,Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida (CERZOS), CONICET-Bahía Blanca, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Alejandro Presotto
- Departamento de Agronomía, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), San Andrés 800, Bahía Blanca, Argentina.,Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida (CERZOS), CONICET-Bahía Blanca, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Mónica Poverene
- Departamento de Agronomía, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), San Andrés 800, Bahía Blanca, Argentina.,Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida (CERZOS), CONICET-Bahía Blanca, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Jennifer R Mandel
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN
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Re-establishment of latitudinal clines and local adaptation within the invaded area suggest rapid evolution of seed traits in Argentinean sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Biol Invasions 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-019-01998-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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8
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Martin SL, Lujan‐Toro BE, Sauder CA, James T, Ohadi S, Hall LM. Hybridization rate and hybrid fitness for Camelina microcarpa Andrz. ex DC (♀) and Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz(Brassicaceae) (♂). Evol Appl 2019; 12:443-455. [PMID: 30828366 PMCID: PMC6383699 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hybridization between crops and their wild relatives has the potential to introduce novel variation into wild populations. Camelina (Camelina sativa) is a promising oilseed and cultivars with modified seed characteristics and herbicide resistance are in development, prompting a need to evaluate the potential for novel trait introgression into weedy relatives. Little-podded false flax (littlepod; Camelina microcarpa) is a naturalized weed in Canada and the USA. Here we evaluated the hybridization rate between the three cytotypes of littlepod (♀) and camelina (♂), assessed characteristics of hybrids, and evaluated the fitness of hexaploid littlepod and camelina hybrids in the glasshouse and field. In total we conducted, 1,005 manual crosses with diploid littlepod, 1, 172 crosses with tetraploid littlepod, and 896 crosses with hexaploid littlepod. Hybrids were not produced by the diploids, but were produced by the tetraploids and hexaploids at rates of one hybrid for 2,000 ovules pollinated and 24 hybrids for 25 ovules pollinated, respectively. Hybrids between tetraploid littlepod and camelina showed low pollen fertility and produced a small number of seeds. In the glasshouse, hybrids between hexaploid littlepod and camelina also showed significantly lower pollen fertility and seed production than parental lines, but their seeds showed high viability. A similar pattern was observed in field trials, with hybrids showing earlier flowering, reduced biomass, seed production and seed weight. However, seed produced by the hybrids showed greater viability than that produced by hexaploid littlepod and is potentially the result of a shortened lifecycle. The introgression of lifecycle traits into littlepod populations may facilitate range expansion and contribute to crop gene persistence. Consequently, future work should evaluate the hybridization rate in the field, the fitness of advanced generation backcrosses, and the role of time to maturity in limiting hexaploid littlepod's distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara L. Martin
- Ottawa Research and Development CentreAgriculture and Agri‐food CanadaOttawaOntario
| | | | - Connie A. Sauder
- Ottawa Research and Development CentreAgriculture and Agri‐food CanadaOttawaOntario
| | - Tracey James
- Ottawa Research and Development CentreAgriculture and Agri‐food CanadaOttawaOntario
| | - Sara Ohadi
- Agricultural Food and Nutritional ScienceUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonAlberta
| | - Linda M. Hall
- Agricultural Food and Nutritional ScienceUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonAlberta
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Characterization for Drought Tolerance and Physiological Efficiency in Novel Cytoplasmic Male Sterile Sources of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). AGRONOMY-BASEL 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/agronomy8100232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Sunflower is sensitive to drought, and furthermore, sunflower hybrids display limited cytoplasmic diversity. In addition, the wild cytoplasmic sources of sunflower are not well explored for their potential to introduce drought tolerance into newly developed hybrids. Therefore here, we carried out a Line × Tester-based genetic study using 19 sunflower genotypes representing, 13 cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) lines from wild and conventional sources, 2 maintainer lines, and 4 restorer lines. The CMS and maintainer lines were crossed with restorer lines to develop sixty F1 hybrids. The parents and their hybrids were evaluated under two water regimes, normal irrigation and drought stress (i.e., withholding water). A total of twelve important plant descriptors were studied over a period of two years and the significant differences between parents and hybrids are reported here. More specifically, hybrid lines were higher in average values for all the descriptors. The contribution of female parent was more prominent in the expression of traits in hybrids as compared to male parents. The CMS sources varied significantly regarding seed yield per plant and other physiological traits. Proline content in the leaves of all the genotypes was three times higher in the water stress regime. Accession CMS-PKU-2A was identified as the best general combiner for leaf area and specific leaf weight., whereas CMS-234A was the best general combiner for biological yield and photosynthetic efficiency under both conditions. The cross combinations CMS-ARG-2A × RCR-8297, CMS-234A × P124R, and CMS-38A × P124R were found significant for biological yield, seed yield and oil content under both environments. Overall, this study provides useful information about the cytoplasmic effects on important sunflower traits and drought stress tolerance.
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Pace BA, Alexander HM, Emry DJ, Mercer KL. Reliable Method for Assessing Seed Germination, Dormancy, and Mortality under Field Conditions. J Vis Exp 2016. [PMID: 27842344 DOI: 10.3791/54663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe techniques for approximating seed bank dynamics over time using Helianthus annuus as an example study species. Strips of permeable polyester fabric and glue can be folded and glued to construct a strip of compartments that house seeds and identifying information, while allowing contact with soil leachate, water, microorganisms, and ambient temperature. Strips may be constructed with a wide range of compartment numbers and sizes and allow the researcher to house a variety of genotypes within a single species, different species, or seeds that have experienced different treatments. As opposed to individual seed packets, strips are more easily retrieved as a unit. While replicate packets can be included within a strip, different strips can act as blocks or can be retrieved at different times for observation of seed behavior over time. We used a high temperature glue gun to delineate compartments and sealed the strips once the seed and tags identifying block and removal times were inserted. The seed strips were then buried in the field at the desired depth, with the location marked for later removal. Burrowing animal predators were effectively excluded by use of a covering of metal mesh hardware cloth on the soil surface. After the selected time interval for burial, strips were dug up and seeds were assessed for germination, dormancy and mortality. While clearly dead seeds can often be distinguished from ungerminated living ones by eye, dormant seeds were conclusively identified using a standard Tetrazolium chloride colorimetric test for seed viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian A Pace
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, Ohio State University;
| | - Helen M Alexander
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas
| | | | - Kristin L Mercer
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, Ohio State University
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Kost MA, Alexander HM, Jason Emry D, Mercer KL. Life history traits and phenotypic selection among sunflower crop-wild hybrids and their wild counterpart: implications for crop allele introgression. Evol Appl 2015; 8:510-24. [PMID: 26029263 PMCID: PMC4430773 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Hybridization produces strong evolutionary forces. In hybrid zones, selection can differentially occur on traits and selection intensities may differ among hybrid generations. Understanding these dynamics in crop-wild hybrid zones can clarify crop-like traits likely to introgress into wild populations and the particular hybrid generations through which introgression proceeds. In a field experiment with four crop-wild hybrid Helianthus annuus (sunflower) cross types, we measured growth and life history traits and performed phenotypic selection analysis on early season traits to ascertain the likelihood, and routes, of crop allele introgression into wild sunflower populations. All cross types overwintered, emerged in the spring, and survived until flowering, indicating no early life history barriers to crop allele introgression. While selection indirectly favored earlier seedling emergence and taller early season seedlings, direct selection only favored greater early season leaf length. Further, there was cross type variation in the intensity of selection operating on leaf length. Thus, introgression of multiple early season crop-like traits, due to direct selection for greater early season leaf length, should not be impeded by any cross type and may proceed at different rates among generations. In sum, alleles underlying early season sunflower crop-like traits are likely to introgress into wild sunflower populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Kost
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State UniversityWooster, OH, USA
| | - Helen M Alexander
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of KansasLawrence, KS, USA
| | - D Jason Emry
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of KansasLawrence, KS, USA
- Department of Biology, Washburn UniversityTopeka, KS, USA
| | - Kristin L Mercer
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State UniversityColumbus, OH, USA
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