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Wang X, Liu Y, Zhou Y, Zhou Y, Li Y. Curculigoside inhibits osteoarthritis <em>via</em> the regulation of NLRP3 pathway. Eur J Histochem 2023; 67:3896. [PMID: 38112591 PMCID: PMC10773194 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2023.3896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is characterized by degenerative articular cartilage. Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor containing pyrin domain 3 (NLRP3) plays an important role in inflammation. This study aims to investigate whether protective effects of curculigoside on OA are medicated by the regulation of NLRP3 pathway. Destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) was performed to build an OA mouse model. After surgery, OA mice were treated with curculigoside. Immunohistochemistry was conducted to evaluate OA cartilage. In addition, human chondrocytes were isolated and treated with curculigoside. The mRNA and protein expression of iNOS, MMP-9, NLRP3 was detected by PCR and Western blot analysis. Curculigoside inhibited mRNA and protein levels of iNOS and MMP-9 induced by DMM surgery in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, the expression of NLRP3, NF-κB and PKR was downregulated after curculigoside administration. Moreover, curculigoside reversed the effects of IL-1β on MMP-9, iNOS and type II collagen expression at mRNA and protein levels in human chondrocytes in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, curculigoside exhibits beneficial effect on cartilage via the inhibition of NLRP3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xufei Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan; Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan.
| | - Yinlian Liu
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan; Department of Rehabilitation, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan.
| | - Yongnian Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan; Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan.
| | - Yang Zhou
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan; Department of General Surgery, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan.
| | - Yueping Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan; Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan.
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2
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Shahi A, Afzali S, Amirzargar A, Mohaghegh P, Salehi S, Mansoori Y. Potential roles of inflammasomes in the pathophysiology of Psoriasis: A comprehensive review. Mol Immunol 2023; 161:44-60. [PMID: 37481828 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2023.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Psoriasis is an inflammatory skin disease whose pathophysiology is attributed to both innate and adaptive immune cells and molecules. Despite the crucial roles of the immune system in psoriasis, it cannot be categorized as an autoimmune disease because of the lack of main signs of autoimmunity, such as specific antibodies, well-defined antigens, and autoimmune genetic risk factors. The presence of some cellular and molecular properties, such as the presence of neutrophils in skin lesions and the activation of the innate immune system, attributes psoriasis to a group of diseases called autoinflammatory disorders. Autoinflammatory diseases refer to a group of inherited disorders whose main manifestations are recurrent fever, a high level of acute-phase reactant, and a tendency for inflammation of the skin, joints, and other organs like the nervous system. In most autoinflammatory disorders, it has been seen that complexes of the high-molecular-weight protein named inflammasomes have significant roles. The inflammasome complex usually is formed and activated in the stimulated immune cell cytoplasm, and its activation consequently leads to inflammatory events such as producing of active caspase-1, mature interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and IL-18 and can cause an inflammatory programmed cell death called pyroptosis. Since the identification of inflammasomes, it has been shown that there are close links between them and hereditary and acquired autoinflammatory diseases like psoriasis. In this review, we aim to focus on well-defined inflammasome and their role in the pathophysiology of psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Shahi
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shima Afzali
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aliakbar Amirzargar
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Poopak Mohaghegh
- Pediatrics Department, School of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Saeedeh Salehi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Yaser Mansoori
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran; Department of Medical Genetics, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran.
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3
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Kunte SC, Marschner JA, Klaus M, Honda T, Li C, Motrapu M, Walz C, Angelotti ML, Antonelli G, Melica ME, De Chiara L, Semeraro R, Nelson PJ, Anders HJ. No NLRP3 inflammasome activity in kidney epithelial cells, not even when the NLRP3-A350V Muckle-Wells variant is expressed in podocytes of diabetic mice. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1230050. [PMID: 37744356 PMCID: PMC10513077 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1230050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The NLRP3 inflammasome integrates several danger signals into the activation of innate immunity and inflammation by secreting IL-1β and IL-18. Most published data relate to the NLRP3 inflammasome in immune cells, but some reports claim similar roles in parenchymal, namely epithelial, cells. For example, podocytes, epithelial cells critical for the maintenance of kidney filtration, have been reported to express NLRP3 and to release IL-β in diabetic kidney disease, contributing to filtration barrier dysfunction and kidney injury. We questioned this and hence performed independent verification experiments. Methods We studied the expression of inflammasome components in human and mouse kidneys and human podocytes using single-cell transcriptome analysis. Human podocytes were exposed to NLRP3 inflammasome agonists in vitro and we induced diabetes in mice with a podocyte-specific expression of the Muckle-Wells variant of NLRP3, leading to overactivation of the Nlrp3 inflammasome (Nphs2Cre;Nlrp3A350V) versus wildtype controls. Phenotype analysis included deep learning-based glomerular and podocyte morphometry, tissue clearing, and STED microscopy of the glomerular filtration barrier. The Nlrp3 inflammasome was blocked by feeding ß-hydroxy-butyrate. Results Single-cell transcriptome analysis did not support relevant NLRP3 expression in parenchymal cells of the kidney. The same applied to primary human podocytes in which NLRP3 agonists did not induce IL-1β or IL-18 secretion. Diabetes induced identical glomerulomegaly in wildtype and Nphs2Cre;Nlrp3A350V mice but hyperfiltration-induced podocyte loss was attenuated and podocytes were larger in Nphs2Cre;Nlrp3A350V mice, an effect reversible with feeding the NLRP3 inflammasome antagonist ß-hydroxy-butyrate. Ultrastructural analysis of the slit diaphragm was genotype-independent hence albuminuria was identical. Conclusion Podocytes express low amounts of the NLRP3 inflammasome, if at all, and do not produce IL-1β and IL-18, not even upon introduction of the A350V Muckle-Wells NLRP3 variant and upon induction of podocyte stress. NLRP3-mediated glomerular inflammation is limited to immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Carina Kunte
- Nephrologisches Zentrum, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Julian A. Marschner
- Nephrologisches Zentrum, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Klaus
- Nephrologisches Zentrum, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Tâmisa Honda
- Nephrologisches Zentrum, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Chenyu Li
- Nephrologisches Zentrum, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Manga Motrapu
- Nephrologisches Zentrum, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph Walz
- Pathologisches Institut, Medizinische Fakultät, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Maria Lucia Angelotti
- Department of Experimental and Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giulia Antonelli
- Department of Experimental and Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Meyer Children’s Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Elena Melica
- Department of Experimental and Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Letizia De Chiara
- Department of Experimental and Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Roberto Semeraro
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Peter J. Nelson
- Nephrologisches Zentrum, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Anders
- Nephrologisches Zentrum, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU München, Munich, Germany
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4
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Honda TSB, Ku J, Anders HJ. Cell type-specific roles of NLRP3, inflammasome-dependent and -independent, in host defense, sterile necroinflammation, tissue repair, and fibrosis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1214289. [PMID: 37564649 PMCID: PMC10411525 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1214289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The NLRP3 inflammasome transforms a wide variety of infectious and non-infectious danger signals that activate pro-inflammatory caspases, which promote the secretion of IL-1β and IL-18, and pyroptosis, a pro-inflammatory form of cell necrosis. Most published evidence documents the presence and importance of the NLRP3 inflammasome in monocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils during host defense and sterile forms of inflammation. In contrast, in numerous unbiased data sets, NLRP3 inflammasome-related transcripts are absent in non-immune cells. However, an increasing number of studies report the presence and functionality of the NLRP3 inflammasome in almost every cell type. Here, we take a closer look at the reported cell type-specific expression of the NLRP3 inflammasome components, review the reported inflammasome-dependent and -independent functions, and discuss possible explanations for this discrepancy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hans-Joachim Anders
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine IV, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital Munich, Munich, Germany
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5
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Fetter T, de Graaf DM, Claus I, Wenzel J. Aberrant inflammasome activation as a driving force of human autoimmune skin disease. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1190388. [PMID: 37325658 PMCID: PMC10266227 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1190388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune skin diseases are understood as conditions in which the adaptive immune system with autoantigen-specific T cells and autoantibody-producing B cells reacting against self-tissues plays a crucial pathogenic role. However, there is increasing evidence that inflammasomes, which are large multiprotein complexes that were first described 20 years ago, contribute to autoimmune disease progression. The inflammasome and its contribution to the bioactivation of interleukins IL-1β and IL-18 play an essential role in combating foreign pathogens or tissue damage, but may also act as a pathogenic driver of myriad chronic inflammatory diseases when dysfunctionally regulated. Inflammasomes containing the NOD-like receptor family members NLRP1 and NLRP3 as well as the AIM2-like receptor family member AIM2 have been increasingly investigated in inflammatory skin conditions. In addition to autoinflammatory diseases, which are often associated with skin involvement, the aberrant activation of the inflammasome has also been implied in autoimmune diseases that can either affect the skin besides other organs such as systemic lupus erythematosus and systemic sclerosis or are isolated to the skin in humans. The latter include, among others, the T-cell mediated disorders vitiligo, alopecia areata, lichen planus and cutaneous lupus erythematosus as well as the autoantibody-driven blistering skin disease bullous pemphigoid. Some diseases are characterized by both autoinflammatory and autoimmune responses such as the chronic inflammatory skin disease psoriasis. Further insights into inflammasome dysregulation and associated pathways as well as their role in forming adaptive immune responses in human autoimmune skin pathology could potentially offer a new field of therapeutic options in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Fetter
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Isabelle Claus
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine and University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Joerg Wenzel
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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6
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Ansai O, Miyauchi T, Hayashi R, Katsumi T, Nishiguchi T, Hasegawa A, Shinkuma S, Natsuga K, Nomura T, Shimomura Y, Abe R. Interleukin-18 as a severity marker and novel potential therapeutic target for epidermolytic ichthyosis. Clin Exp Dermatol 2023; 48:199-210. [PMID: 36656063 DOI: 10.1093/ced/llac069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidermolytic ichthyosis (EI) is a major form of nonsyndromic inherited ichthyosis, characterized by erythroderma, marked hyperkeratosis and scale, bulla and erosion at birth, associated with KRT1/KRT10 mutations. The cytokine and chemokine profiles in EI are poorly understood, and specific treatment options have not been established. AIM To explore novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets in patients with EI. METHODS We analysed cytokine levels in serum and skin samples from 10 patients with inherited ichthyosis, including seven patients with EI. Wild-type and mutant KRT1 constructs were established and transfected into HaCaT cells, an immortalized keratinocyte cell line, for in vitro immunoblotting and immunocytochemistry analyses. RESULTS Multiplex cytokine/chemokine analysis revealed that 10 cytokines/chemokines [interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-4, IL-17A, IL-16, IL-18, IL-1 receptor-α, macrophage colony-stimulating factor, interferon-α2, basic fibroblast growth factor and monocyte chemotactic protein-3] were significantly increased in patients with EI. Furthermore, IL-18 levels were significantly higher in patients with EI [n = 7; 2714.1 (1438.0) pg mL-1] than in healthy controls [n = 11; 218.4 (28.4) pg mL-1, P < 0.01]. Immunohistochemical analyses showed that IL-18 expression was elevated in skin samples from patients with EI. Serum IL-18 levels correlated with the severity of ichthyosis, as measured by the Ichthyosis Scoring System. Immunoblotting analysis revealed that mature IL-18 levels were increased in the supernatant of mutant KRT1 expressing HaCaT cells. Additionally, these cells showed NLRP3 aggregation in the cytoplasm and ASC clustered around mutant keratin aggregations. These findings suggest that mutant keratin might promote the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and its downstream caspase-1-mediated IL-18 release in keratinocytes from patients with EI. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that serum IL-18 is a severity marker released from the skin of patients with EI. Blockade of IL-18 may be a useful novel therapeutic option for patients with EI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Ansai
- Division of Dermatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Toshinari Miyauchi
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ryota Hayashi
- Division of Dermatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Katsumi
- Division of Dermatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Tomoki Nishiguchi
- Division of Dermatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Akito Hasegawa
- Division of Dermatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Satoru Shinkuma
- Department of Dermatology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Ken Natsuga
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Nomura
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yutaka Shimomura
- Department of Dermatology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Riichiro Abe
- Division of Dermatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
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7
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Wang X, Wang L, Wen X, Zhang L, Jiang X, He G. Interleukin-18 and IL-18BP in inflammatory dermatological diseases. Front Immunol 2023; 14:955369. [PMID: 36742296 PMCID: PMC9889989 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.955369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-18, an interferon-γ inducer, belongs to the IL-1 family of pleiotropic pro-inflammatory factors, and IL-18 binding protein (IL-18BP) is a native antagonist of IL-18 in vivo, regulating its activity. Moreover, IL-18 exerts an influential function in host innate and adaptive immunity, and IL-18BP has elevated levels of interferon-γ in diverse cells, suggesting that IL-18BP is a negative feedback inhibitor of IL-18-mediated immunity. Similar to IL-1β, the IL-18 cytokine is produced as an indolent precursor that requires further processing into an active cytokine by caspase-1 and mediating downstream signaling pathways through MyD88. IL-18 has been implicated to play a role in psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, rosacea, and bullous pemphigoid in human inflammatory skin diseases. Currently, IL-18BP is less explored in treating inflammatory skin diseases, while IL-18BP is being tested in clinical trials for other diseases. Thereby, IL-18BP is a prospective therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Wang
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,Laboratory of Dermatology, Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lian Wang
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiang Wen
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xian Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,Laboratory of Dermatology, Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,*Correspondence: Xian Jiang, ; Gu He,
| | - Gu He
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,Laboratory of Dermatology, Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,*Correspondence: Xian Jiang, ; Gu He,
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8
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Starobova H, Alshammari A, Winkler IG, Vetter I. The role of the neuronal microenvironment in sensory function and pain pathophysiology. J Neurochem 2022. [PMID: 36394416 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The high prevalence of pain and the at times low efficacy of current treatments represent a significant challenge to healthcare systems worldwide. Effective treatment strategies require consideration of the diverse pathophysiologies that underlie various pain conditions. Indeed, our understanding of the mechanisms contributing to aberrant sensory neuron function has advanced considerably. However, sensory neurons operate in a complex dynamic microenvironment that is controlled by multidirectional interactions of neurons with non-neuronal cells, including immune cells, neuronal accessory cells, fibroblasts, adipocytes, and keratinocytes. Each of these cells constitute and control the microenvironment in which neurons operate, inevitably influencing sensory function and the pathology of pain. This review highlights the importance of the neuronal microenvironment for sensory function and pain, focusing on cellular interactions in the skin, nerves, dorsal root ganglia, and spinal cord. We discuss the current understanding of the mechanisms by which neurons and non-neuronal cells communicate to promote or resolve pain, and how this knowledge could be used for the development of mechanism-based treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Starobova
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ammar Alshammari
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ingrid G Winkler
- Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Queensland, South Brisbane, Australia
| | - Irina Vetter
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
- The School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
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9
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NLRP1 in Cutaneous SCCs: An Example of the Complex Roles of Inflammasomes in Cancer Development. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012308. [PMID: 36293159 PMCID: PMC9603439 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein complexes termed inflammasomes ensure tissue protection from pathogenic and sterile stressors by induction of inflammation. This is mediated by different caspase-1-induced downstream pathways, including activation of the pro-inflammatory cytokines proIL-1β and -18, induction of a lytic type of cell death, and regulation of the release of other pro-inflammatory molecules. Aberrant inflammasome activation underlies the pathology of numerous (auto)inflammatory diseases. Furthermore, inflammasomes support or suppress tumor development in a complex cell-type- and stage-dependent manner. In human keratinocytes and skin, NLRP1 is the central inflammasome sensor activated by cellular perturbation induced, for example, by UVB radiation. UVB represents the main inducer of skin cancer, which is the most common type of malignancy in humans. Recent evidence demonstrates that activation of NLRP1 in human skin supports the development of cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (cSCCs) by inducing skin inflammation. In contrast, the NLRP1 inflammasome pathway is restrained in established cSCCs, suggesting that, at this stage, the protein complex has a tumor suppressor role. A better understanding of the complex functions of NLRP1 in the development of cSCCs and in general of inflammasomes in cancer might pave the way for novel strategies for cancer prevention and therapy. These strategies might include stage-specific modulation of inflammasome activation or its downstream pathways by mono- or combination therapy.
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10
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Mu R, Campos de Souza S, Liao Z, Dong L, Wang C. Reprograming the immune niche for skin tissue regeneration - From cellular mechanisms to biomaterials applications. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 185:114298. [PMID: 35439569 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite the rapid development of therapeutic approaches for skin repair, chronic wounds such as diabetic foot ulcers remain an unaddressed problem that affects millions of people worldwide. Increasing evidence has revealed the crucial and diverse roles of the immune cells in the development and repair of the skin tissue, prompting new research to focus on further understanding and modulating the local immune niche for comprehensive, 'perfect' regeneration. In this review, we first introduce how different immunocytes and certain stromal cells involved in innate and adaptive immunity coordinate to maintain the immune niche and tissue homeostasis, with emphasis on their specific roles in normal and pathological wound healing. We then discuss novel engineering approaches - particularly biomaterials systems and cellular therapies - to target different players of the immune niche, with three major aims to i) overcome 'under-healing', ii) avoid 'over-healing', and iii) promote functional restoration, including appendage development. Finally, we highlight how these strategies strive to manage chronic wounds and achieve full structural and functional skin recovery by creating desirable 'soil' through modulating the immune microenvironment.
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11
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Ku JWK, Marsh ST, Nai MH, Robinson KS, Teo DET, Zhong FL, Brown KA, Lim TC, Lim CT, Gan YH. Skin models for cutaneous melioidosis reveal Burkholderia infection dynamics at wound's edge with inflammasome activation, keratinocyte extrusion and epidermal detachment. Emerg Microbes Infect 2021; 10:2326-2339. [PMID: 34821529 PMCID: PMC8654412 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2021.2011621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Melioidosis is a serious infectious disease endemic in Southeast Asia, Northern Australia and has been increasingly reported in other tropical and subtropical regions in the world. Percutaneous inoculation through cuts and wounds on the skin is one of the major modes of natural transmission. Despite cuts in skin being a major route of entry, very little is known about how the causative bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei initiates an infection at the skin and the disease manifestation at the skin known as cutaneous melioidosis. One key issue is the lack of suitable and relevant infection models. Employing an in vitro 2D keratinocyte cell culture, a 3D skin equivalent fibroblast-keratinocyte co-culture and ex vivo organ culture from human skin, we developed infection models utilizing surrogate model organism Burkholderia thailandensis to investigate Burkholderia-skin interactions. Collectively, these models show that the bacterial infection was largely limited at the wound’s edge. Infection impedes wound closure, triggers inflammasome activation and cellular extrusion in the keratinocytes as a potential way to control bacterial infectious load at the skin. However, extensive infection over time could result in the epidermal layer being sloughed off, potentially contributing to formation of skin lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Wei Kay Ku
- Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Supatra Tharinee Marsh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mui Hoon Nai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Daniel Eng Thiam Teo
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Franklin Lei Zhong
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore (SRIS), Immunos, Singapore.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Katherine A Brown
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Thiam Chye Lim
- Division of Plastic, Reconstructive &Aesthetic Surgery, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chwee Teck Lim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Institute for Health Innovation and Technology (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yunn-Hwen Gan
- Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Infectious Diseases Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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12
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Akhlaghi M, Karrabi M, Atabti H, Raoofi A, Mousavi Khaneghah A. Investigation of the role of IL18, IL-1β and NLRP3 inflammasome in reducing expression of FLG-2 protein in Psoriasis vulgaris skin lesions. Biotech Histochem 2021; 97:277-283. [PMID: 34313166 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2021.1954692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effects of the NACHT leucine-rich repeat- and PYD-containing proteins (NLRP3) inflammasome, interleukin -18 (IL-18) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) cytokines on the expression of filaggrin-2 (FLG-2) protein in psoriasis patients. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), including T cells, were isolated from psoriasis patients and healthy donors. Ribonucleic acid (RNA) extraction and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were performed for all specimens. Immunohistochemical analysis for FLG-2 in normal and psoriatic epidermal tissue also was performed. Western blot was used to separate and identify FLG-2 protein, and immunohistochemical staining was performed to assess FLG-2 expression for psoriasis skin lesions and normal skin. RT-PCR analysis indicated that NLRP3 inflammasome, IL-18 cytokine and IL-1β cytokine expression were increased in psoriatic epidermis compared to normal skin. We found that the expression of FLG-2 was decreased in psoriatic epidermis compared to normal skin. Higher levels of NLRP3 help decrease the FLG-2 level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maedeh Akhlaghi
- Student Research Committee, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, School of Medicine, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Maryam Karrabi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, School of Medicine, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Hadi Atabti
- Department of Immunology and Biology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Raoofi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran.,Department of Anatomy, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Amin Mousavi Khaneghah
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
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13
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Spiekermann C, Seethaler A, McNally A, Stenner M, Rudack C, Roth J, Vogl T. Increased levels of S100A8/A9, IL-1ß and IL-18 as a novel biomarker for recurrent tonsillitis. JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION-LONDON 2021; 18:24. [PMID: 34187480 PMCID: PMC8243502 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-021-00290-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Background Acute tonsillitis represents one of the most frequent reasons patients seek primary medical care and otorhinolaryngology consultation. Therefore, recurrent episodes of acute tonsillitis (RAT), also called chronic tonsillitis, exhaust a substantial amount of medical and financial resources. Diagnosis of tonsillitis depends on a physical examination, which therefore does not allow for a reliable differentiation between viral and bacterial infection. However, the frequency of bacterial infections during the previous three years is currently being used as the major deciding factor in patient selection for tonsillectomy. The aim of the present study was to determine an objective biomarker to help in the identification of patients suffering from recurrent tonsillitis. Results By analyzing a panel of cytokines and chemokines in serum and saliva of patients with RAT compared to healthy controls, increased levels of IL-1ß (153.7 ± 48.5 pg/ml vs 23.3 ± 6.6 pg/ml, p = 0.021), IL-18 (120.2 ± 16.5 vs 50.6 ± 9.3 pg/ml, p = 0.007) and/or S100A8/A9 (996 ± 102 ng/ml vs 546 ± 86 ng/ml, p = 0.042) could be observed in patients suffering from RAT. Cut-off values of these parameters were determined and combined to a new RAT-score allowing for reliable identification of patients suffering from recurrent tonsillitis with a sensitivity of 95% and a specificity of 88%. Conclusion The RAT-score represents the first objective criterion as a tool for the diagnosis of recurrent tonsillitis and it also improves patient selection for tonsillectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Spiekermann
- Institute of Immunology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany. .,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Münster, Kardinal-von-Galen-Ring 10, 48149, Münster, Germany.
| | - Alicia Seethaler
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Münster, Kardinal-von-Galen-Ring 10, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Annika McNally
- Institute of Immunology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Markus Stenner
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Münster, Kardinal-von-Galen-Ring 10, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Claudia Rudack
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Münster, Kardinal-von-Galen-Ring 10, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Johannes Roth
- Institute of Immunology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Thomas Vogl
- Institute of Immunology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
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14
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Nod-Like Receptors in Host Defence and Disease at the Epidermal Barrier. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094677. [PMID: 33925158 PMCID: PMC8124564 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich-repeat-containing family (NLRs) (sometimes called the NOD-like receptors, though the family contains few bona fide receptors) are a superfamily of multidomain-containing proteins that detect cellular stress and microbial infection. They constitute a critical arm of the innate immune response, though their functions are not restricted to pathogen recognition and members engage in controlling inflammasome activation, antigen-presentation, transcriptional regulation, cell death and also embryogenesis. NLRs are found from basal metazoans to plants, to zebrafish, mice and humans though functions of individual members can vary from species to species. NLRs also display highly wide-ranging tissue expression. Here, we discuss the importance of NLRs to the immune response at the epidermal barrier and summarise the known role of individual family members in the pathogenesis of skin disease.
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15
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Kubo T, Sato S, Hida T, Minowa T, Hirohashi Y, Tsukahara T, Kanaseki T, Murata K, Uhara H, Torigoe T. IL-13 modulates ∆Np63 levels causing altered expression of barrier- and inflammation-related molecules in human keratinocytes: A possible explanation for chronicity of atopic dermatitis. IMMUNITY INFLAMMATION AND DISEASE 2021; 9:734-745. [PMID: 33792188 PMCID: PMC8342210 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Barrier disruption and an excessive immune response in keratinocytes are now considered to have important roles in the pathophysiology of atopic dermatitis (AD). Furthermore, disturbed keratinocyte differentiation is considered to underlie AD. ΔNp63, a p53-like transcription factor, is a major regulator of keratinocyte differentiation. However, the functional significance of ΔNp63 in AD has not been clarified. OBJECTIVE In this study, we aimed to investigate the influence of the type 2 inflammatory environment on ΔNp63 expression and AD-associated molecules regulated by ΔNp63 in keratinocytes. METHODS The immunohistochemical expression profiles of ΔNp63 and AD-related molecules were evaluated in human skin tissue. The function of ΔNp63 in the regulation of AD-related molecules and the influence of the type 2 inflammatory environment on ΔNp63 expression were investigated using human primary keratinocytes. Expression of ΔNp63 was manipulated using the RNA interfering method. RESULTS In healthy skin tissue, we observed an inverse expression pattern between ∆Np63 and some barrier-related proteins including filaggrin, caspase-14, claudin-1, and claudin-4. ΔNp63 regulated expression of these genes and proteins. In addition, production of IL-1β and IL-33, pro-inflammatory cytokines, was modulated by ΔNp63. Furthermore, prolonged IL-13 exposure increased the thickness of the three-dimensional culture of keratinocytes. IL-13 interfered with ΔNp63 downregulation during calcium-induced keratinocyte differentiation. IL-13 modulated some barrier-related and inflammation-related molecules, which were regulated by ΔNp63. CONCLUSIONS We have shown that ΔNp63 modulated AD-related barrier and inflammatory molecules. In addition, ΔNp63 expression was affected by IL-4/IL-13. IL-13-ΔNp63 axis would integrate two major factors of AD pathogenesis: dysregulated barrier and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terufumi Kubo
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Sayuri Sato
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tokimasa Hida
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Minowa
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan.,Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Hirohashi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tomohide Tsukahara
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kanaseki
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kenji Murata
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hisashi Uhara
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Torigoe
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
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16
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Microarray patches enable the development of skin-targeted vaccines against COVID-19. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 171:164-186. [PMID: 33539853 PMCID: PMC8060128 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic is a serious threat to global health and the global economy. The ongoing race to develop a safe and efficacious vaccine to prevent infection by SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent for COVID-19, highlights the importance of vaccination to combat infectious pathogens. The highly accessible cutaneous microenvironment is an ideal target for vaccination since the skin harbors a high density of antigen-presenting cells and immune accessory cells with broad innate immune functions. Microarray patches (MAPs) are an attractive intracutaneous biocargo delivery system that enables safe, reproducible, and controlled administration of vaccine components (antigens, with or without adjuvants) to defined skin microenvironments. This review describes the structure of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and relevant antigenic targets for vaccination, summarizes key concepts of skin immunobiology in the context of prophylactic immunization, and presents an overview of MAP-mediated cutaneous vaccine delivery. Concluding remarks on MAP-based skin immunization are provided to contribute to the rational development of safe and effective MAP-delivered vaccines against emerging infectious diseases, including COVID-19.
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17
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Qiu W, Gu PR, Chuong CM, Lei M. Skin Cyst: A Pathological Dead-End With a New Twist of Morphogenetic Potentials in Organoid Cultures. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:628114. [PMID: 33511139 PMCID: PMC7835531 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.628114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A cyst is a closed sac-like structure in which cyst walls wrap certain contents typically including air, fluid, lipid, mucous, or keratin. Cyst cells can retain multipotency to regenerate complex tissue architectures, or to differentiate. Cysts can form in and outside the skin due to genetic problems, errors in embryonic development, cellular defects, chronic inflammation, infections, blockages of ducts, parasites, and injuries. Multiple types of skin cysts have been identified with different cellular origins, with a common structure including the outside cyst wall engulfs differentiated suprabasal layers and keratins. The skin cyst is usually used as a sign in pathological diagnosis. Large or surfaced skin cysts affect patients' appearance and may cause the dysfunction or accompanying diseases of adjacent tissues. Skin cysts form as a result of the degradation of skin epithelium and appendages, retaining certain characteristics of multipotency. Surprisingly, recent organoid cultures show the formation of cyst configuration as a transient state toward more morphogenetic possibility. These results suggest, if we can learn more about the molecular circuits controlling upstream and downstream cellular events in cyst formation, we may be able to engineer stem cell cultures toward the phenotypes we wish to achieve. For pathological conditions in patients, we speculate it may also be possible to guide the cyst to differentiate or de-differentiate to generate structures more akin to normal architecture and compatible with skin homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiming Qiu
- Department of Dermatology, General Hospital of Central Theater Command of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Wuhan, China
| | - Pei-Rong Gu
- Integrative Stem Cell Center, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Ming Chuong
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Mingxing Lei
- Integrative Stem Cell Center, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- “111” Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of the Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
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18
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Pyrillou K, Burzynski LC, Clarke MCH. Alternative Pathways of IL-1 Activation, and Its Role in Health and Disease. Front Immunol 2020; 11:613170. [PMID: 33391283 PMCID: PMC7775495 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.613170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytokines activate or inhibit immune cell behavior and are thus integral to all immune responses. IL-1α and IL-1β are powerful apical cytokines that instigate multiple downstream processes to affect both innate and adaptive immunity. Multiple studies show that IL-1β is typically activated in macrophages after inflammasome sensing of infection or danger, leading to caspase-1 processing of IL-1β and its release. However, many alternative mechanisms activate IL-1α and IL-1β in atypical cell types, and IL-1 function is also important for homeostatic processes that maintain a physiological state. This review focuses on the less studied, yet arguably more interesting biology of IL-1. We detail the production by, and effects of IL-1 on specific innate and adaptive immune cells, report how IL-1 is required for barrier function at multiple sites, and discuss how perturbation of IL-1 pathways can drive disease. Thus, although IL-1 is primarily studied for driving inflammation after release from macrophages, it is clear that it has a multifaceted role that extends far beyond this, with various unconventional effects of IL-1 vital for health. However, much is still unknown, and a detailed understanding of cell-type and context-dependent actions of IL-1 is required to truly understand this enigmatic cytokine, and safely deploy therapeutics for the betterment of human health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Murray C. H. Clarke
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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19
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Park HR, Oh JH, Lee YJ, Park SH, Lee YW, Lee S, Kang H, Kim JE. Inflammasome-mediated Inflammation by Malassezia in human keratinocytes: A comparative analysis with different strains. Mycoses 2020; 64:292-299. [PMID: 33206994 DOI: 10.1111/myc.13214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Malassezia species are associated with several common dermatologic conditions including pityriasis versicolor, seborrhoeic dermatitis, folliculitis, and atopic dermatitis and dandruff. However, its causal role remains to be established. We intended to explore the role of inflammasome activation in human keratinocytes in response to three different Malassezia species. We compared the different activation patterns of inflammasomes and the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and antimicrobial peptides by three different Malassezia species-M. restricta, M. globosa and M. sympodialis-in human keratinocytes. We found that different Malassezia species, especially M. restricta and M. globosa could induce nucleotide-binding oligomerisation domain, leucine-rich repeat and pyrin-domain-containing protein (NLRP)3-apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing CARD (ASC) inflammasome activation and subsequent interleukin (IL)-1β secretion in human keratinocytes. Malassezia species variably induced thymic stromal lymphopoietin, β-defensin 2, and LL-37. IL-8 mRNA and IL-22 protein significantly increased in the M. sympodialis-treated group, and Chemokine C-C motif ligand (CCL)17 and CCL22 mRNA were increased in response to M. globosa- and M. restricta- treated keratinocytes, respectively. Our data show that various species of Malassezia promote variable inflammatory responses in keratinocytes by activating NLRP3 inflammasomes, pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, and antimicrobial peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Ree Park
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jee Hye Oh
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yu Jin Lee
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Song Hee Park
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yang Won Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seongju Lee
- Department of Anatomy and Hypoxia-related Disease Research Center, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Hoon Kang
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Eun Kim
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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20
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The Immune Function of Keratinocytes in Anti-Pathogen Infection in the Skin. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY AND VENEREOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1097/jd9.0000000000000094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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21
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Li L, Xia J, Cui R, Kong B. Solute carrier family 12 member 8 impacts the biological behaviors of breast carcinoma cells by activating TLR/NLR signaling pathway. Cytotechnology 2020; 73:23-34. [PMID: 33505111 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-020-00439-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to understand the expression of solute carrier family 12 member 8 (SLC12A8) in breast carcinoma and its biological functions, as well as its effect on the Toll-like receptor /NOD-like receptor (TLR/NLR) signaling pathway. The expression of SLC12A8 was analyzed using the public RNA sequencing dataset from TCGA database and the two datasets from Oncomine database. The former dataset was also used to evaluate the prognostic value of SLC12A8 in breast carcinoma. Real-time qPCR and western blot were applied to measure relative expression of SLC12A8. Functionally, the effect of SLC12A8 on the cells proliferation and motion was studied using cell counting kit 8 and Transwell assays respectively. Mechanistic studies were conducted using Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) and confirmed by western blot. As a result, SLC12A8 was upregulated in breast carcinoma, and high levels of SLC12A8 led to a poorer prognosis and can be regarded as an independent prognosticator for patients with breast carcinoma. Functional experiments demonstrated that SLC12A8-knockdown suppressed while SLC12A8-overexpression elevated the viability, invasiveness and motility of breast carcinoma cells. Furthermore, GSEA indicated that high SLC12A8 was positively correlated with TLR/NLR signaling pathway. Silencing SLC12A8 significantly reduced the protein expression of TLR/NLR-related markers, whereas overexpression of SLC12A8 caused an elevation on the protein expression of these markers. All these data suggested that SLC12A8 plays a promoting effect on the cells viability, invasiveness and motility in breast carcinoma by activating TLR/NLR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- LinWei Li
- Department of Breast Disease Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 59 of Haier Road, Shandong 266000 Qingdao, China
| | - Jing Xia
- Department of Breast Surgery, Qingdao Central Hospital, Qingdao, 266000 Shandong China
| | - RuTing Cui
- Department of Breast Disease Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 59 of Haier Road, Shandong 266000 Qingdao, China
| | - Bin Kong
- Department of Breast Disease Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 59 of Haier Road, Shandong 266000 Qingdao, China
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22
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Jiang Y, Tsoi LC, Billi AC, Ward NL, Harms PW, Zeng C, Maverakis E, Kahlenberg JM, Gudjonsson JE. Cytokinocytes: the diverse contribution of keratinocytes to immune responses in skin. JCI Insight 2020; 5:142067. [PMID: 33055429 PMCID: PMC7605526 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.142067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The skin serves as the primary interface between our body and the external environment and acts as a barrier against entry of physical agents, chemicals, and microbes. Keratinocytes make up the main cellular constitute of the outermost layer of the skin, contributing to the formation of the epidermis, and they are crucial for maintaining the integrity of this barrier. Beyond serving as a physical barrier component, keratinocytes actively participate in maintaining tissue homeostasis, shaping, amplifying, and regulating immune responses in skin. Keratinocytes act as sentinels, continuously monitoring changes in the environment, and, through microbial sensing, stretch, or other physical stimuli, can initiate a broad range of inflammatory responses via secretion of various cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors. This diverse function of keratinocytes contributes to the highly variable clinical manifestation of skin immune responses. In this Review, we highlight the highly diverse functions of epidermal keratinocytes and their contribution to various immune-mediated skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyun Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lam C Tsoi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics and Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Allison C Billi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Nicole L Ward
- Department of Nutrition and Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Paul W Harms
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Chang Zeng
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Emanual Maverakis
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - J Michelle Kahlenberg
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Michigan, USA.,A. Alfred Taubman Medical Research Institute, Michigan, USA
| | - Johann E Gudjonsson
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,A. Alfred Taubman Medical Research Institute, Michigan, USA
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23
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Xu W, Zhang L, Geng Y, Liu Y, Zhang N. Long noncoding RNA GAS5 promotes microglial inflammatory response in Parkinson's disease by regulating NLRP3 pathway through sponging miR-223-3p. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 85:106614. [PMID: 32470877 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder. Neuroinflammation induced by microglia plays an important role in the pathogenesis of PD. Long noncoding RNA GAS5 was showed to have significant effects on regulating inflammatory response. Here, we aim to investigate the effects of GAS5 on the inflammatory response of PD, and the underlying mechanism. An in vivo model of PD was established in C57BL/6 mice by rotenone and an in vitro cell model was conducted on microglia by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Our results indicated that GAS5 was upregulated in tissues in a mice model of PD and microglia activated by LPS. Gain- and loss- of functional experiments demonstrated that GAS5 promoted the inflammation of microglia in vitro. Besides, the knockdown of GAS5 repressed the PD progression in vivo. Mechanistically, GAS5 positively regulated the NLRP3 expression via competitively sponging miR-223-3p. Overall, our finding illuminates that GAS5 accelerates PD progression through targeting miR-223-3p/NLRP3 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China.
| | - Ling Zhang
- College of Health Management, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Yu Geng
- College of Health Management, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Ye Liu
- Electrocardial Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University. Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
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24
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Wang D, Duncan B, Li X, Shi J. The role of NLRP3 inflammasome in infection-related, immune-mediated and autoimmune skin diseases. J Dermatol Sci 2020; 98:146-151. [PMID: 32173167 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2020.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inflammasomes are large intracellular multi-protein signaling complexes which are responsible for the activation of inflammatory responses. Among multifarious subtypes of inflammasomes, NLRP3 has been associated with a variety of inflammatory and autoimmune skin conditions, including dermatophytosis, psoriasis, acne, urticaria and bullous pemphigoid and other different skin diseases which have been a subject of intensive investigation. NLRP3 is considered to be a sensor of microbial and other danger signals and plays a crucial role in immune responses, dysregulation of NLRP3 inflammasome activation is involved in skin diseases. With the in-depth research, targeting NLRP3 inflammasome and its downstream signaling will provide new insights into the development of future therapeutic strategies. In this review, we summarize the molecular mechanism of NLRP3 inflammasome activation as well as the current knowledge on the contribution of the NLRP3 inflammasome in infection-related, immune-mediated and autoimmune skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | | | - Xizhe Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Jian Shi
- Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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25
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Gusev EY, Zotova NV. Cellular Stress and General Pathological Processes. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:251-297. [PMID: 31198111 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190319114641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
From the viewpoint of the general pathology, most of the human diseases are associated with a limited number of pathogenic processes such as inflammation, tumor growth, thrombosis, necrosis, fibrosis, atrophy, pathological hypertrophy, dysplasia and metaplasia. The phenomenon of chronic low-grade inflammation could be attributed to non-classical forms of inflammation, which include many neurodegenerative processes, pathological variants of insulin resistance, atherosclerosis, and other manifestations of the endothelial dysfunction. Individual and universal manifestations of cellular stress could be considered as a basic element of all these pathologies, which has both physiological and pathophysiological significance. The review examines the causes, main phenomena, developmental directions and outcomes of cellular stress using a phylogenetically conservative set of genes and their activation pathways, as well as tissue stress and its role in inflammatory and para-inflammatory processes. The main ways towards the realization of cellular stress and its functional blocks were outlined. The main stages of tissue stress and the classification of its typical manifestations, as well as its participation in the development of the classical and non-classical variants of the inflammatory process, were also described. The mechanisms of cellular and tissue stress are structured into the complex systems, which include networks that enable the exchange of information with multidirectional signaling pathways which together make these systems internally contradictory, and the result of their effects is often unpredictable. However, the possible solutions require new theoretical and methodological approaches, one of which includes the transition to integral criteria, which plausibly reflect the holistic image of these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugeny Yu Gusev
- Laboratory of the Immunology of Inflammation, Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation
| | - Natalia V Zotova
- Laboratory of the Immunology of Inflammation, Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation.,Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Ural Federal University named after B.N.Yeltsin, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation
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26
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Darweesh M, Kamel W, Gavrilin MA, Akusjärvi G, Svensson C. Adenovirus VA RNAI Blocks ASC Oligomerization and Inhibits NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2791. [PMID: 31849970 PMCID: PMC6901988 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Virus infected immune cells can rapidly respond to the invader by activating the inflammasome and as a consequence release proinflammatory cytokines and eventually die by pyroptosis. In human adenovirus-5 (Ad5) infected THP-1 cells, inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation was demonstrated by a decreased secretion of HMGB1 and matured forms of caspase-1and IL-1ß. An Ad5 mutant virus defective in expression of the non-coding VA RNAI failed to inhibit the NLRP3 inflammasome and in addition displayed formation of ASC specks and increased cell lysis. Importantly, in vitro synthesized VA RNAI was able to inhibit the NLRP3 inflammasome activity in THP-1 cells in the absence of an Ad5 infection, suggesting that VA RNAI binding to PKR and blocking its function is sufficient for inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Although the inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation required the phylogenetically conserved base paired tetranucleotide sequence in the central stem of VA RNAI, we demonstrate that PKR binding to VA RNAI primarily protected the apical stem, but not the tetranucleotide sequence itself. VA RNAI did not influence the interaction between PKR and NLRP3. In contrast, we describe a novel interaction between PKR and ASC and further show that VA RNAI inhibited ASC phosphorylation and oligomerization. Collectively, our results indicate a novel role for Ad5 VA RNAI as an inhibitor of NLRP3 inflammasome activation by targeting the cellular pro-inflammatory protein PKR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Darweesh
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Al-Azhr University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Wael Kamel
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mikhail A Gavrilin
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Göran Akusjärvi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Catharina Svensson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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27
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Assrawi E, Louvrier C, Lepelletier C, Georgin-Lavialle S, Bouaziz JD, Awad F, Moinet F, Moguelet P, Vignon-Pennamen MD, Piterboth W, Jumeau C, Cobret L, El Khouri E, Copin B, Duquesnoy P, Legendre M, Grateau G, Karabina SA, Amselem S, Giurgea I. Somatic Mosaic NLRP3 Mutations and Inflammasome Activation in Late-Onset Chronic Urticaria. J Invest Dermatol 2019; 140:791-798.e2. [PMID: 31513803 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.06.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Chronic urticaria is a common skin disorder with heterogeneous causes. In the absence of physical triggers, chronic urticarial rash is called idiopathic or spontaneous. The objective of this study was to identify the molecular and cellular bases of a disease condition displayed by two unrelated patients aged over 60 years who presented for two decades with a chronic urticaria resistant to standard therapy that occurred in the context of systemic inflammation not triggered by cold. In both patients, a targeted sequencing approach using a next generation technology identified somatic mosaic mutations in NLRP3, a gene encoding a key inflammasome component. The study of several of both patients' cell types showed that, despite the late onset of the disease, NLRP3 mutations were not found to be restricted to myelomonocytic cells. Rather, the data obtained strongly suggested that the mutational event occurred very early, during embryonic development. As shown by functional studies, the identified mutations-an in-frame deletion and a recurrent NLRP3 missense mutation-have a gain-of-function effect on NLRP3-inflammasome activation. Consistently, a complete remission was obtained in both patients with anti-IL-1 receptor antagonists. This study unveils that in late-onset chronic urticaria, the search for autoinflammatory markers and somatic mosaic NLRP3 mutations may have important diagnostic and therapeutic consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Assrawi
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Hôpital Trousseau, Maladies génétiques d'expression pédiatrique, Paris, France
| | - Camille Louvrier
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Hôpital Trousseau, Maladies génétiques d'expression pédiatrique, Paris, France; Unité Fonctionnelle de génétique moléculaire, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Trousseau, Paris, France
| | - Clémence Lepelletier
- Service de dermatologie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Georgin-Lavialle
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Hôpital Trousseau, Maladies génétiques d'expression pédiatrique, Paris, France; Service de médecine interne, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France
| | - Jean-David Bouaziz
- Service de dermatologie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Fawaz Awad
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Hôpital Trousseau, Maladies génétiques d'expression pédiatrique, Paris, France; Current address: Al-Quds University, Faculty of Medicine, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Abu Deis, Jerusalem, Palestine
| | - Florence Moinet
- Service de médecine interne, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Martinique, Martinique, Fort de France, France
| | - Philippe Moguelet
- Unité d'anatomie et cytologie pathologiques, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France
| | | | - William Piterboth
- Unité Fonctionnelle de génétique moléculaire, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Trousseau, Paris, France
| | - Claire Jumeau
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Hôpital Trousseau, Maladies génétiques d'expression pédiatrique, Paris, France
| | - Laetitia Cobret
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Hôpital Trousseau, Maladies génétiques d'expression pédiatrique, Paris, France
| | - Elma El Khouri
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Hôpital Trousseau, Maladies génétiques d'expression pédiatrique, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Copin
- Unité Fonctionnelle de génétique moléculaire, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Trousseau, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Duquesnoy
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Hôpital Trousseau, Maladies génétiques d'expression pédiatrique, Paris, France
| | - Marie Legendre
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Hôpital Trousseau, Maladies génétiques d'expression pédiatrique, Paris, France; Unité Fonctionnelle de génétique moléculaire, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Trousseau, Paris, France
| | - Gilles Grateau
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Hôpital Trousseau, Maladies génétiques d'expression pédiatrique, Paris, France; Service de médecine interne, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France
| | - Sonia A Karabina
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Hôpital Trousseau, Maladies génétiques d'expression pédiatrique, Paris, France
| | - Serge Amselem
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Hôpital Trousseau, Maladies génétiques d'expression pédiatrique, Paris, France; Unité Fonctionnelle de génétique moléculaire, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Trousseau, Paris, France.
| | - Irina Giurgea
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Hôpital Trousseau, Maladies génétiques d'expression pédiatrique, Paris, France; Unité Fonctionnelle de génétique moléculaire, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Trousseau, Paris, France.
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28
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Eckhart L, Tschachler E. Control of cell death-associated danger signals during cornification prevents autoinflammation of the skin. Exp Dermatol 2019; 27:884-891. [PMID: 29862564 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The function of the skin as a barrier to the environment is mainly achieved by the outermost layers of the epidermis. In the granular layer, epidermal keratinocytes undergo the last steps of their terminal differentiation program resulting in cornification. The coordinated conversion of living keratinocytes into corneocytes, the building blocks of the cornified layer, represents a unique form of programmed cell death. Recent studies have identified numerous genes that are specifically expressed in terminally differentiated keratinocytes and, surprisingly, this genetic program does not only include mediators of cornification but also suppressors of pyroptosis, another mode of programmed cell death. Pyroptosis is activated by inflammasomes, leads to the release of interleukin-1 (IL-1) family cytokines, and thereby activates inflammation. In addition, inhibitors of potentially pro-inflammatory proteases and enzymes removing danger-associated cytoplasmic DNA are expressed in differentiated keratinocytes. We propose the concept of cornification as an inherently hazardous process in which damaging side effects are actively suppressed by protective mechanisms. In support of this hypothesis, loss-of-function mutations in epidermal protease inhibitors and IL-1 family antagonists suffice to induce autoinflammation. Similarly, exogenous disturbances of either cornification or its accompanying control mechanisms may be starting points for skin inflammation. Further studies into the relationship between cornification, pyroptosis and other forms of cell death will help to define the initiation phase of inflammatory skin diseases and offer new targets for disease prevention and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leopold Eckhart
- Research Division of Biology and Pathobiology of the Skin, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Erwin Tschachler
- Research Division of Biology and Pathobiology of the Skin, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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29
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Domingues R, Pietrobon AJ, Carvalho GC, Pereira NZ, Pereira NV, Sotto MN, Aoki V, Duarte AJS, Sato MN. Lichen planus: altered AIM2 and NLRP1 expression in skin lesions and defective activation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Clin Exp Dermatol 2018; 44:e89-e95. [PMID: 30552699 DOI: 10.1111/ced.13859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lichen planus (LP) is an inflammatory skin disease with unknown aetiology. Activation by pathogen-associated molecular patterns or environmental stimuli may activate some components of inflammasomes that contribute to the inflammatory process in LP lesions. AIM To characterize the inflammasomes in skin lesions and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with LP under Toll-like receptor (TLR) activation. METHODS In total, 15 patients with LP and 14 healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled in the study. Inflammasome expression in skin was evaluated by real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry, while ELISA was used to assess the production of interleukin (IL)-1β by PBMCs under stimulation with TLR4 and TLR7/TLR8 agonists and adenosine triphosphate (ATP). RESULTS Compared with the levels in HC samples, increased expression of the inflammasome AIM2 was verified in both epidermal and dermal sections of LP skin lesions, whereas NLRP1 and IL-β expression levels were enhanced in the dermis. LP skin lesion samples exhibited higher AIM2 transcript levels, similar NLRP1 levels and lower pro-IL-1β mRNA levels compared with HC samples. We verified that, compared with PBMCs from HC subjects, PBMCs from patients with LP produced similar amounts of IL-1β after induction by TLR4 agonists but lower IL-1β levels after induction by TLR7/TLR8 agonists, regardless of the addition of ATP. CONCLUSION Alterations in innate immunity, such as inflammasome component expression in skin lesions and PBMCs, were observed in patients with LP. Further investigations of dysfunctional inflammasome activation and the chronic inflammatory status of LP are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Domingues
- Laboratory of Investigation in Medicine, LIM-56, Department of Dermatology, Tropical Medicine Institute of São Paulo, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A J Pietrobon
- Laboratory of Investigation in Medicine, LIM-56, Department of Dermatology, Tropical Medicine Institute of São Paulo, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - G C Carvalho
- Laboratory of Investigation in Medicine, LIM-56, Department of Dermatology, Tropical Medicine Institute of São Paulo, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - N Z Pereira
- Laboratory of Investigation in Medicine, LIM-56, Department of Dermatology, Tropical Medicine Institute of São Paulo, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - N V Pereira
- Laboratory of Investigation in Medicine, LIM-56, Department of Dermatology, Tropical Medicine Institute of São Paulo, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M N Sotto
- Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - V Aoki
- Laboratory of Investigation in Medicine, LIM-56, Department of Dermatology, Tropical Medicine Institute of São Paulo, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A J S Duarte
- Laboratory of Investigation in Medicine, LIM-56, Department of Dermatology, Tropical Medicine Institute of São Paulo, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M N Sato
- Laboratory of Investigation in Medicine, LIM-56, Department of Dermatology, Tropical Medicine Institute of São Paulo, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
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30
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Fenini G, Grossi S, Contassot E, Biedermann T, Reichmann E, French LE, Beer HD. Genome Editing of Human Primary Keratinocytes by CRISPR/Cas9 Reveals an Essential Role of the NLRP1 Inflammasome in UVB Sensing. J Invest Dermatol 2018; 138:2644-2652. [PMID: 30096351 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
By forming a protective barrier, epidermal keratinocytes represent the first line of defense against environmental insults. UVB radiation of the sun is a major challenge for the skin and can induce inflammation, aging, and eventually skin cancer. UVB induces an immune response in human keratinocytes resulting in activation and secretion of the proinflammatory cytokines proIL-1β and -18. This is mediated by an assembly of protein complexes, termed inflammasomes. However, the mechanisms underlying sensing of UVB by keratinocytes, and particularly the types of inflammasomes required for cytokine secretion, are a matter of debate. To address these questions, we established a protocol that allows the generation of CRISPR/Cas9-targeted human primary keratinocytes. Our experiments showed an essential role of the NLRP1 rather than the NLRP3 inflammasome in UVB sensing and subsequent IL-1β and -18 secretion by keratinocytes. Moreover, NLRP1 but not NLRP3 was required for inflammasome activation in response to nigericin, a potassium ionophore and well-established NLRP3 activator in immune cells. Because the CRISPR/Cas9-targeted cells retained their full differentiation capacity, genome editing of human primary keratinocytes might be useful for numerous research and medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Fenini
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Serena Grossi
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuel Contassot
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Biedermann
- Tissue Biology Research Unit, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ernst Reichmann
- Tissue Biology Research Unit, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lars E French
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hans-Dietmar Beer
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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31
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Fenini G, Grossi S, Gehrke S, Beer HD, Satoh TK, Contassot E, French LE. The p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Critically Regulates Human Keratinocyte Inflammasome Activation. J Invest Dermatol 2017; 138:1380-1390. [PMID: 29287762 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inflammasomes are key intracellular signaling platforms involved in innate immune responses to micro-organisms and danger signals. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase, Jun N-terminal kinase, and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase family members are activated by numerous environmental stresses. Recently, it has been reported that Jun N-terminal kinase is involved in inflammasome activation in myeloid immune cells. To date, the role of mitogen-activated protein kinase in inflammasome activity in keratinocytes has not been investigated. Here, we show that, in primary human keratinocytes, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase is required for inflammasome activation and IL-1β secretion. Using selective small molecule inhibitors, small interfering RNA gene silencing, and CRISPR/Cas9-based deletion, we demonstrate the above and identify p38α and p38δ as critical regulators of ASC oligomerization, inflammasome activation, and IL-1β secretion in keratinocytes. Furthermore, our data suggest that the nature of the mitogen-activated protein kinase regulating inflammasome activity exhibits a certain cell specificity, with p38 playing a predominant role in keratinocytes and Jun N-terminal kinase 1 in cells of myeloid origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Fenini
- Department of Dermatology, Zurich University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Serena Grossi
- Department of Dermatology, Zurich University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Samuel Gehrke
- Department of Dermatology, Zurich University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hans-Dietmar Beer
- Department of Dermatology, Zurich University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Takashi K Satoh
- Department of Dermatology, Zurich University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuel Contassot
- Department of Dermatology, Zurich University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Lars E French
- Department of Dermatology, Zurich University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
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32
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Bashaw AA, Leggatt GR, Chandra J, Tuong ZK, Frazer IH. Modulation of antigen presenting cell functions during chronic HPV infection. PAPILLOMAVIRUS RESEARCH (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2017; 4:58-65. [PMID: 29179871 PMCID: PMC5883240 DOI: 10.1016/j.pvr.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
High-risk human papillomaviruses (HR-HPV) infect basal keratinocytes, where in some individuals they evade host immune responses and persist. Persistent HR-HPV infection of the cervix causes precancerous neoplasia that can eventuate in cervical cancer. Dendritic cells (DCs) are efficient in priming/cross-priming antigen-specific T cells and generating antiviral and antitumor cytotoxic CD8+ T cells. However, HR-HPV have adopted various immunosuppressive strategies, with modulation of DC function crucial to escape from the host adaptive immune response. HPV E6 and E7 oncoproteins alter recruitment and localization of epidermal DCs, while soluble regulatory factors derived from HPV-induced hyperplastic epithelium change DC development and influence initiation of specific cellular immune responses. This review focuses on current evidence for HR-HPV manipulation of antigen presentation in dendritic cells and escape from host immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abate Assefa Bashaw
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Graham R Leggatt
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Janin Chandra
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Zewen K Tuong
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Ian H Frazer
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia.
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