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Mohammed RDS, Piell KM, Maurer MC. Identification of Factor XIII β-Sandwich Residues Mediating Glutamine Substrate Binding and Activation Peptide Cleavage. Thromb Haemost 2024; 124:408-422. [PMID: 38040030 DOI: 10.1055/a-2220-7544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Factor XIII (FXIII) forms covalent crosslinks across plasma and cellular substrates and has roles in hemostasis, wound healing, and bone metabolism. FXIII activity is implicated in venous thromboembolism (VTE) and is a target for developing pharmaceuticals, which requires understanding FXIII - substrate interactions. Previous studies proposed the β-sandwich domain of the FXIII A subunit (FXIII-A) exhibits substrate recognition sites. MATERIAL AND METHODS Recombinant FXIII-A proteins (WT, K156E, F157L, R158Q/E, R171Q, and R174E) were generated to identify FXIII-A residues mediating substrate recognition. Proteolytic (FXIII-A*) and non-proteolytic (FXIII-A°) forms were analyzed for activation and crosslinking activities toward physiological substrates using SDS-PAGE and MALDI-TOF MS. RESULTS All FXIII-A* variants displayed reduced crosslinking abilities compared to WT for Fbg αC (233 - 425), fibrin, and actin. FXIII-A* WT activity was greater than A°, suggesting the binding site is more exposed in FXIII-A*. With Fbg αC (233 - 425), FXIII-A* variants R158Q/E, R171Q, and R174E exhibited decreased activities approaching those of FXIII-A°. However, with a peptide substrate, FXIII-A* WT and variants showed similar crosslinking suggesting the recognition site is distant from the catalytic site. Surprisingly, FXIII-A R158E and R171Q displayed slower thrombin activation than WT, potentially due to loss of crucial H-bonding with neighboring activation peptide (AP) residues. CONCLUSION In conclusion, FXIII-A residues K156, F157, R158, R171, and R174 are part of a binding site for physiological substrates [fibrin (α and γ) and actin]. Moreover, R158 and R171 control AP cleavage during thrombin activation. These investigations provide new molecular details on FXIII - substrate interactions that control crosslinking abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kellianne M Piell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States
| | - Muriel C Maurer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States
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Castellote-Borrell M, Merlina F, Rodríguez AR, Guasch J. Biohybrid Hydrogels for Tumoroid Culture. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2023; 7:e2300118. [PMID: 37505458 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Tumoroids are 3D in vitro models that recapitulate key features of in vivo tumors, such as their architecture - hypoxic center and oxygenated outer layer - in contrast with traditional 2D cell cultures. Moreover, they may be able to preserve the patient-specific signature in terms of cell heterogeneity and mutations. Tumoroids are, therefore, interesting tools for improving the understanding of cancer biology, developing new drugs, and potentially designing personalized therapeutic plans. Currently, tumoroids are most often established using basement membrane extracts (BME), which provide a multitude of biological cues. However, BME are characterized by a lack of well-defined composition, limited reproducibility, and potential immunogenicity as a consequence of their natural origin. Synthetic polymers can overcome these problems but lack structural and biochemical complexity, which can limit the functional capabilities of organoids. Biohybrid hydrogels consisting of both natural and synthetic components can combine their advantages and offer superior 3D culture systems. In this review, it is summarized efforts devoted to producing tumoroids using different types of biohybrid hydrogels, which are classified according to their crosslinking mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miquel Castellote-Borrell
- Dynamic Biomimetics for Cancer Immunotherapy, Max Planck Partner Group, Institute of Materials Science of Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Spain
| | - Francesca Merlina
- Dynamic Biomimetics for Cancer Immunotherapy, Max Planck Partner Group, Institute of Materials Science of Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Spain
| | - Adrián R Rodríguez
- Dynamic Biomimetics for Cancer Immunotherapy, Max Planck Partner Group, Institute of Materials Science of Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Spain
| | - Judith Guasch
- Dynamic Biomimetics for Cancer Immunotherapy, Max Planck Partner Group, Institute of Materials Science of Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, 28029, Spain
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3
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Ablan FDO, Maurer MC. Fbg αC 389-402 Enhances Factor XIII Cross-Linking in the Fibrinogen αC Region Via Electrostatic and Hydrophobic Interactions. Biochemistry 2023; 62:2170-2181. [PMID: 37410946 PMCID: PMC10583745 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.3c00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Coagulation Factor XIII (FXIII) stabilizes blood clots by cross-linking glutamines and lysines in fibrin and other proteins. FXIII activity in the fibrinogen αC region (Fbg αC 221-610) is critical for clot stability and growth. Fbg αC 389-402 is a binding site for thrombin-activated FXIII, (FXIII-A*), with αC E396 promoting FXIII-A* binding and activity in αC. The current study aimed to discover additional residues within Fbg αC 389-402 that accelerate transglutaminase activity toward αC. Electrostatic αC residues (E395, E396, and D390), hydrophobic αC residues (W391 and F394), and residues αC 328-425 were studied by mutations to recombinant Fbg αC 233-425. FXIII activity was monitored through MS-based glycine ethyl ester (GEE) cross-linking and gel-based fluorescence monodansylcadaverine (MDC) cross-linking assays. Truncation mutations 403 Stop (Fbg αC 233-402), 389 Stop (Fbg αC 233-388), and 328 Stop (Fbg αC 233-327) reduced Q237-GEE and MDC cross-linking compared to wild-type (WT). Comparable cross-linking between 389 Stop and 328 Stop showed that FXIII is mainly affected by the loss of Fbg αC 389-402. Substitution mutations E396A, D390A, W391A, and F394A decreased cross-linking relative to WT, whereas E395A, E395S, E395K, and E396D had no effect. Similar FXIII-A* activities were observed for double mutants (D390A, E396A) and (W391A, E396A), relative to D390A and W391A, respectively. In contrast, cross-linking was reduced in (F394A, E396A), relative to F394A. In conclusion, Fbg αC 389-402 boosts FXIII activity in Fbg αC, with D390, W391, and F394 identified as key contributors in enhancing αC cross-linking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis D. O. Ablan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Muriel C. Maurer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
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4
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Mitchell JL, Little G, Bye AP, Gaspar RS, Unsworth AJ, Kriek N, Sage T, Stainer A, Sangowawa I, Morrow GB, Bastos RN, Shapiro S, Desborough MJ, Curry N, Gibbins JM, Whyte CS, Mutch NJ, Jones CI. Platelet factor XIII-A regulates platelet function and promotes clot retraction and stability. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2023; 7:100200. [PMID: 37601014 PMCID: PMC10439398 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpth.2023.100200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Factor XIII (FXIII) is an important proenzyme in the hemostatic system. The plasma-derived enzyme activated FXIII cross-links fibrin fibers within thrombi to increase their mechanical strength and cross-links fibrin to fibrinolytic inhibitors, specifically α2-antiplasmin, to increase resistance to fibrinolysis. We have previously shown that cellular FXIII (factor XIII-A [FXIII-A]), which is abundant in the platelet cytoplasm, is externalized onto the activated membrane and cross-links extracellular substrates. The contribution of cellular FXIII-A to platelet activation and platelet function has not been extensively studied. Objectives This study aims to identify the role of platelet FXIII-A in platelet function. Methods We used normal healthy platelets with a cell permeable FXIII inhibitor and platelets from FXIII-deficient patients as a FXIII-free platelet model in a range of platelet function and clotting tests. Results Our data demonstrate that platelet FXIII-A enhances fibrinogen binding to the platelet surface upon agonist stimulation and improves the binding of platelets to fibrinogen and aggregation under flow in a whole-blood thrombus formation assay. In the absence of FXIII-A, platelets show reduced sensitivity to agonist stimulation, including decreased P-selectin exposure and fibrinogen binding. We show that FXIII-A is involved in platelet spreading where a lack of FXIII-A reduces the ability of platelets to fully spread on fibrinogen and collagen. Our data demonstrate that platelet FXIII-A is important for clot retraction where clots formed in its absence retracted to a lesser extent. Conclusion Overall, this study shows that platelet FXIII-A functions during thrombus formation by aiding platelet activation and thrombus retraction in addition to its antifibrinolytic roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne L. Mitchell
- Institute for Cardiovascular Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Gemma Little
- Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | | | - Renato S. Gaspar
- Heart Institute, University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Amanda J. Unsworth
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Neline Kriek
- Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Tanya Sage
- Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Alexander Stainer
- Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Ibidayo Sangowawa
- Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Gael B. Morrow
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Blood Theme Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Susan Shapiro
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Blood Theme Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Michael J.R. Desborough
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Blood Theme Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Nicola Curry
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Blood Theme Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jonathan M. Gibbins
- Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Claire S. Whyte
- Aberdeen Cardiovascular & Diabetes Centre, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Nicola J. Mutch
- Aberdeen Cardiovascular & Diabetes Centre, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Christopher I. Jones
- Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
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Syed Mohammed RD, Ablan FDO, McCann NM, Hindi MM, Maurer MC. Transglutaminase Activities of Blood Coagulant Factor XIII Are Dependent on the Activation Pathways and on the Substrates. Thromb Haemost 2023; 123:380-392. [PMID: 36473493 PMCID: PMC10719020 DOI: 10.1055/a-1993-4193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Factor XIII (FXIII) catalyzes formation of γ-glutamyl-ε-lysyl crosslinks between reactive glutamines (Q) and lysines (K). In plasma, FXIII is activated proteolytically (FXIII-A*) by the concerted action of thrombin and Ca2+. Cellular FXIII is activated nonproteolytically (FXIII-A°) by elevation of physiological Ca2+ concentrations. FXIII-A targets plasmatic and cellular substrates, but questions remain on correlating FXIII activation, resultant conformational changes, and crosslinking function to different physiological substrates. To address these issues, the characteristics of FXIII-A* versus FXIII-A° that contribute to transglutaminase activity and substrate specificities were investigated. Crosslinking of lysine mimics into a series of Q-containing substrates were measured using in-gel fluorescence, mass spectrometry, and UV-Vis spectroscopy. Covalent incorporation of fluorescent monodansylcadaverine revealed that FXIII-A* exhibits greater activity than FXIII-A° toward Q residues within Fbg αC (233-425 WT, Q328P Seoul II, and Q328PQ366N) and actin. FXIII-A* and FXIII-A° displayed similar activities toward α2-antiplasmin (α2AP), fibronectin, and Fbg αC (233-388, missing FXIII-binding site αC 389-402). Furthermore, the N-terminal α2AP peptide (1-15) exhibited similar kinetic properties for FXIII-A* and FXIII-A°. MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry assays with glycine ethyl ester and Fbg αC (233-425 WT, αC E396A, and truncated αC (233-388) further documented that FXIII-A* exerts greater benefit from the αC 389-402 binding site than FXIII-A°. Conformational properties of FXIII-A* versus A° are proposed to help promote transglutaminase function toward different substrates. A combination of protein substrate disorder and secondary FXIII-binding site exposure are utilized to control activity and specificity. From these studies, greater understandings of how FXIII-A targets different substrates are achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mohammed M. Hindi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Muriel C. Maurer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
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Javed H, Singh S, Urs SUR, Oldenburg J, Biswas A. Genetic landscape in coagulation factor XIII associated defects – Advances in coagulation and beyond. Blood Rev 2022; 59:101032. [PMID: 36372609 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2022.101032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Coagulation factor XIII (FXIII) acts as a fine fulcrum in blood plasma that maintains the balance between bleeding and thrombosis by covalently crosslinking the pre-formed fibrin clot into an insoluble one that is resistant to premature fibrinolysis. In plasma, FXIII circulates as a pro-transglutaminase complex composed of the dimeric catalytic FXIII-A encoded by the F13A1 gene and dimeric carrier/regulatory FXIII-B subunits encoded by the F13B gene. Growing evidence accumulated over decades of exhaustive research shows that not only does FXIII play major roles in both pathological extremes of hemostasis i.e. bleeding and thrombosis, but that it is, in fact, a pleiotropic protein with physiological roles beyond coagulation. However, the current FXIII genetic-epidemiological literature is overwhelmingly derived from the bleeding pathology associated with its deficiency. In this article we review the current clinical, functional, and molecular understanding of this fascinating multifaceted protein, especially putting into the same perspective its genetic landscape.
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7
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Wolberg AS, Sang Y. Fibrinogen and Factor XIII in Venous Thrombosis and Thrombus Stability. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2022; 42:931-941. [PMID: 35652333 PMCID: PMC9339521 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.122.317164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
As the third most common vascular disease, venous thromboembolism is associated with significant mortality and morbidity. Pathogenesis underlying venous thrombosis is still not fully understood. Accumulating data suggest fibrin network structure and factor XIII-mediated crosslinking are major determinants of venous thrombus mass, composition, and stability. Understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms mediating fibrin(ogen) and factor XIII production and function and their ability to influence venous thrombogenesis and resolution may inspire new anticoagulant strategies that target these proteins to reduce or prevent venous thrombosis in certain at-risk patients. This article summarizes fibrinogen and factor XIII biology and current knowledge of their function during venous thromboembolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa S Wolberg
- Department of Pathology and UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
| | - Yaqiu Sang
- Department of Pathology and UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
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Zheng Z, Li X, Dai X, Ge J, Chen Y, Du C. Surface functionalization of anticoagulation and anti-nonspecific adsorption with recombinant hirudin modification. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 135:212741. [PMID: 35929214 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.212741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Surface functionalization to improve the blood compatibility is pivotal for the application of biomaterials. In this article, the surface of silicon was first functionalized with chemical groups, such as amino, quinone and phenol groups by the self-polymerization of dopamine, which were used to immobilize anticoagulant drugs hirudin. The detailed analysis and discussion about the grafting groups, morphology, wettability, the dynamic adsorption of proteins, the cytological property and the blood compatibility on the surfaces were carried on by the technology of contact angle, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, quartz crystal microbalance, endothelial cells culture and anticoagulant blood test in vivo. The surface with hirudin modification exhibited hydrophilic property and significantly inhibited the nonspecific adsorption of albumin, while it was more approachable to fibronectin. In vitro study displayed that the surface loaded with hirudin could promote the proliferation of endothelial cells. The evaluation of anticoagulant showed good anti-adhesion effect on platelets and the hemolysis rate decreased significantly to less than 0.4%. Activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) of the silicon wafer loaded with hirudin can exceed 38 s, and the APTT prolongs as the hirudin concentration rises. This study suggested that such simple but effective surface functionalization technique, combining excellent anticoagulant activity together with reendothelialization potential due to the preferable fibronectin adsorption, provide great practical significance to the application of cardiovascular materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwen Zheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education, and Innovation Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Xueyang Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education, and Innovation Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Xin Dai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education, and Innovation Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Jianhui Ge
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education, and Innovation Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yunhua Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education, and Innovation Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Chang Du
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education, and Innovation Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
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Bronić A, Ferenčak G, Bernat R, Leniček-Krleža J, Dumić J, Dabelić S. Association of fibrinogen and plasmin inhibitor, but not coagulation factor XIII gene polymorphisms with coronary artery disease. J Med Biochem 2021; 40:138-149. [PMID: 33776563 PMCID: PMC7982289 DOI: 10.5937/jomb0-26839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the final phase of clot formation, fibrinogen constitutes frame, whereas factor XIII (FXIII) active form is responsible for the covalent cross-linking of fibrin fibres and plasmin inhibitor (PI), thus contributing to clot stability. It could be expected that any change of coagulation factors' structure affects the clot formation and modulates the atherothrombotic risk. The aim was to determine the frequency of four single nucleotide polymorphisms: (i) A > G in codon 312 of the fibrinogen α-chain gene (rs6050, Thr312AlaFGA), (ii) C > T at position 10034 of the 3 - untranslated region in the fibrinogen γ-chain gene (rs2066865, 10034C > T FGG), (iii) C > T in codon 564 of the FXIII-A subunit gene (rs5982, Pro564LeuFXIII-A), and (iv) C > T in codon 6 of the plasmin inhibitor gene (rs2070863, Arg6TrpPI) in Croatian patients and their association with coronary artery disease (CAD). METHODS We performed the unrelated case-control association study on the consecutive sample of patients 18 years old, who had undergone coronary angiography for investigation of chest pain and suspected CAD. The cases were patients with confirmed CAD (N=201), and the controls were the subjects with no CAD (N=119). Samples were genotyped using PCR-RFLP analysis. RESULTS Observed frequencies of the rare alleles of Thr312Ala FGA, 10034C > T FGG, Leu564Pro FXIII-A and Arg6Trp PI polymorphisms were 21%, 17%, 14%, 20%, respectively. Patients with 10034C > T FGG CC genotype had 3.5 times (95% CI 1.02-12.03) higher adjusted odds for CAD than patients with 10034C > T FGG TT genotype. Patients with Arg6Trp PI CC genotype had 3.86 times (95% CI 1.23-12.12) higher odds for CAD than patients with Arg6Trp PI TT genotype. It seems that those genotype-related higher odds are also male-gender related. No difference was observed regarding any other investigated polymorphism. CONCLUSIONS Our finding suggests that 10034C > T FGG and Arg6Trp PI are associated with CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Bronić
- Sestre Milosrdnice University Hospital Centre, Clinical Institute of Chemistry, Department for Laboratory Diagnostics in Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Goran Ferenčak
- Medicol Outpatients Clinic, Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Robert Bernat
- Westpfalz-Klinikum GmbH, Department of Internal Medicine 2, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Jasna Leniček-Krleža
- Children's Hospital Zagreb, Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jerka Dumić
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sanja Dabelić
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zagreb, Croatia
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10
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Inhibitors of blood coagulation factor XIII. Anal Biochem 2020; 605:113708. [PMID: 32335064 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2020.113708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The blood coagulation factor XIII (FXIII) plays an essential role in the stabilization of fibrin clots. This factor, belonging to the class of transglutaminases, catalyzes the final step of secondary hemostasis, i.e. the crosslinking of fibrin polymers. These crosslinks protect the clots against premature fibrinolysis. Consequently, FXIII is an interesting target for the therapeutic treatment of cardiovascular diseases. In this context, inhibitors can influence FXIII in the activation process of the enzyme itself or in its catalytic activity. To date, there is no FXIII inhibitor in medical application, but several studies have been conducted in the past. These studies provided a better understanding of FXIII and identified new lead structures for FXIII inhibitors. Next to small molecule inhibitors, the most promising candidates for the development of clinically applicable FXIII inhibitors are the peptide inhibitors tridegin and transglutaminase-inhibiting Michael acceptors (TIMAs) due to their selectivity towards activated FXIII (FXIIIa). In this review, select FXIII inhibitors and their pharmacological potential are discussed.
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