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Xu H, Zhang Y, Wang C, Fu Z, Lv J, Yang Y, Zhang Z, Qi Y, Meng K, Yuan J, Wang X. Research progress on the fanconi anemia signaling pathway in non-obstructive azoospermia. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1393111. [PMID: 38846492 PMCID: PMC11153779 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1393111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) is a disease characterized by spermatogenesis failure and comprises phenotypes such as hypospermatogenesis, mature arrest, and Sertoli cell-only syndrome. Studies have shown that FA cross-linked anemia (FA) pathway is closely related to the occurrence of NOA. There are FA gene mutations in male NOA patients, which cause significant damage to male germ cells. The FA pathway is activated in the presence of DNA interstrand cross-links; the key step in activating this pathway is the mono-ubiquitination of the FANCD2-FANCI complex, and the activation of the FA pathway can repair DNA damage such as DNA double-strand breaks. Therefore, we believe that the FA pathway affects germ cells during DNA damage repair, resulting in minimal or even disappearance of mature sperm in males. This review summarizes the regulatory mechanisms of FA-related genes in male azoospermia, with the aim of providing a theoretical reference for clinical research and exploration of related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haohui Xu
- Lin He’s Academician Workstation of New Medicine and Clinical Translation, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- College of Second Clinical Medical, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Yixin Zhang
- Lin He’s Academician Workstation of New Medicine and Clinical Translation, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- College of Second Clinical Medical, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Caiqin Wang
- Lin He’s Academician Workstation of New Medicine and Clinical Translation, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- College of Second Clinical Medical, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Zhuoyan Fu
- Lin He’s Academician Workstation of New Medicine and Clinical Translation, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- College of Clinical Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Jing Lv
- Lin He’s Academician Workstation of New Medicine and Clinical Translation, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- College of Clinical Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Yufang Yang
- Lin He’s Academician Workstation of New Medicine and Clinical Translation, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- College of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Zihan Zhang
- Lin He’s Academician Workstation of New Medicine and Clinical Translation, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- College of Second Clinical Medical, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Yuanmin Qi
- Lin He’s Academician Workstation of New Medicine and Clinical Translation, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- College of Clinical Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Kai Meng
- Lin He’s Academician Workstation of New Medicine and Clinical Translation, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Jinxiang Yuan
- Lin He’s Academician Workstation of New Medicine and Clinical Translation, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Xiaomei Wang
- College of Basic Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
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Sanchez-Lopez I, Orantos-Aguilera Y, Pozo-Guisado E, Alvarez-Barrientos A, Lilla S, Zanivan S, Lachaud C, Martin-Romero FJ. STIM1 translocation to the nucleus protects cells from DNA damage. Nucleic Acids Res 2024; 52:2389-2415. [PMID: 38224453 PMCID: PMC10954485 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkae001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
DNA damage represents a challenge for cells, as this damage must be eliminated to preserve cell viability and the transmission of genetic information. To reduce or eliminate unscheduled chemical modifications in genomic DNA, an extensive signaling network, known as the DNA damage response (DDR) pathway, ensures this repair. In this work, and by means of a proteomic analysis aimed at studying the STIM1 protein interactome, we have found that STIM1 is closely related to the protection from endogenous DNA damage, replicative stress, as well as to the response to interstrand crosslinks (ICLs). Here we show that STIM1 has a nuclear localization signal that mediates its translocation to the nucleus, and that this translocation and the association of STIM1 to chromatin increases in response to mitomycin-C (MMC), an ICL-inducing agent. Consequently, STIM1-deficient cell lines show higher levels of basal DNA damage, replicative stress, and increased sensitivity to MMC. We show that STIM1 normalizes FANCD2 protein levels in the nucleus, which explains the increased sensitivity of STIM1-KO cells to MMC. This study not only unveils a previously unknown nuclear function for the endoplasmic reticulum protein STIM1 but also expands our understanding of the genes involved in DNA repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Sanchez-Lopez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz 06006, Spain
- Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz 06006, Spain
| | - Yolanda Orantos-Aguilera
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz 06006, Spain
- Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz 06006, Spain
| | - Eulalia Pozo-Guisado
- Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz 06006, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz 06006, Spain
| | | | - Sergio Lilla
- CRUK Scotland Institute, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Sara Zanivan
- CRUK Scotland Institute, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Christophe Lachaud
- Cancer Research Centre of Marseille, Aix-Marseille Univ, Inserm, CNRS, Institut Paoli Calmettes, CRCM, Marseille, France
- OPALE Carnot Institute, Paris, France
| | - Francisco Javier Martin-Romero
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz 06006, Spain
- Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz 06006, Spain
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Kim MS, Baek JH, Lee J, Sivaraman A, Lee K, Chun KH. Deubiquitinase USP1 enhances CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta (C/EBPβ) stability and accelerates adipogenesis and lipid accumulation. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:776. [PMID: 38012162 PMCID: PMC10681981 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06317-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulation of the ubiquitin-proteasome system has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several metabolic disorders, including obesity, diabetes, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; however, the mechanisms controlling pathogenic metabolic disorders remain unclear. Transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer binding protein beta (C/EBPβ) regulates adipogenic genes. The study showed that the expression level of C/EBPβ is post-translationally regulated by the deubiquitinase ubiquitin-specific protease 1 (USP1) and that USP1 expression is remarkably upregulated during adipocyte differentiation and in the adipose tissue of mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). We found that USP1 directly interacts with C/EBPβ. Knock-down of USP1 decreased C/EBPβ protein stability and increased its ubiquitination. Overexpression of USP1 regulates its protein stability and ubiquitination, whereas catalytic mutant of USP1 had no effect on them. It suggests that USP1 directly deubiquitinases C/EBPβ and increases the protein expression, leading to adipogenesis and lipid accumulation. Notably, the USP1-specific inhibitor ML323-originally developed to sensitize cancer cells to DNA-damaging agents-decreased adipocyte differentiation and lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells without cytotoxicity. Oral gavage of ML323 was administered to HFD-fed mice, which showed weight loss and improvement in insulin and glucose sensitivity. Both fat mass and adipocyte size in white adipose tissues were significantly reduced by ML323 treatment, which also reduced the expression of genes involved in adipogenesis and inflammatory responses. ML323 also reduced lipid accumulation, hepatic triglycerides, free fatty acids, and macrophage infiltration in the livers of HFD-fed mice. Taken together, we suggest that USP1 plays an important role in adipogenesis by regulating C/EBPβ ubiquitination, and USP1-specific inhibitor ML323 is a potential treatment option and further study by ML323 is needed for clinical application for metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung Sup Kim
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Genetic Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hwan Baek
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Genetic Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - JinAh Lee
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Aneesh Sivaraman
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Hee Chun
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Institute of Genetic Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
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Huang P, Wang Y, Zhang P, Li Q. Ubiquitin-specific peptidase 1: assessing its role in cancer therapy. Clin Exp Med 2023; 23:2953-2966. [PMID: 37093451 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-023-01075-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Reversible protein ubiquitination represents an essential determinator of cellular homeostasis, and the ubiquitin-specific enzymes, particularly deubiquitinases (DUBs), are emerging as promising targets for drug development. DUBs are composed of seven different subfamilies, out of which ubiquitin-specific proteases (USPs) are the largest family with 56 members. One of the well-characterized USPs is USP1, which contributes to several cellular biological processes including DNA damage response, immune regulation, cell proliferation, apoptosis, and migration. USP1 levels and activity are regulated by multiple mechanisms, including transcription regulation, phosphorylation, autocleavage, and proteasomal degradation, ensuring that the cellular function of USP1 is performed in a suitably modulated spatio-temporal manner. Moreover, USP1 with deregulated expression and activity are found in several human cancers, indicating that targeting USP1 is a feasible therapeutic approach in anti-cancer treatment. In this review, we highlight the essential role of USP1 in cancer development and the regulatory landscape of USP1 activity, which might provide novel insights into cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - YuHan Wang
- Department of Anorectal, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - PengFei Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiu Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
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Iyer DR, D'Andrea AD. Fork restart: unloading FANCD2 to travel ahead. Mol Cell 2023; 83:3590-3592. [PMID: 37863027 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2023.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
In this issue of Molecular Cell, Brunner et al.1 reveal that eliminating FANCD2 from stalled forks via FBXL12-mediated degradation enables cells to tolerate oncogene-induced replication stress, making FBXL12 a promising target for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya R Iyer
- Division of Radiation and Genome Stability, Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Alan D D'Andrea
- Division of Radiation and Genome Stability, Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Center for DNA Damage and Repair, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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Eichman BF. Repair and tolerance of DNA damage at the replication fork: A structural perspective. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2023; 81:102618. [PMID: 37269798 PMCID: PMC10525001 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2023.102618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The replication machinery frequently encounters DNA damage and other structural impediments that inhibit progression of the replication fork. Replication-coupled processes that remove or bypass the barrier and restart stalled forks are essential for completion of replication and for maintenance of genome stability. Errors in replication-repair pathways lead to mutations and aberrant genetic rearrangements and are associated with human diseases. This review highlights recent structures of enzymes involved in three replication-repair pathways: translesion synthesis, template switching and fork reversal, and interstrand crosslink repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandt F Eichman
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Biological Sciences and Department of Biochemistry, 5270A MRBIII, 465 21st Ave S, Nashville, TN 37232 USA.
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Zhang N, Wang X, Miao XJ, Zhang XP, Xia XY, Li L, Sun HP. An acquired BMF with FANCL gene heterozygous mutation: Case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e34036. [PMID: 37327301 PMCID: PMC10270529 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000034036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Bone marrow failure (BMF) includes inherited and acquired BMFs. Acquired BMF can be secondary to various factors, such as autoimmune dysfunction, benzene, drugs, radiation, viral infection and so on. Fanconi anemia (FA) complementation group L (FANCL) is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that participates in the repair of DNA damage. Homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations of FANCL can lead to the onset of FA, which is one of the most common inherited BMFs. PATIENT CONCERNS AND DIAGNOSES Here, we report a case of acquired BMF. This patient had a history of benzene exposure for half a year before the onset of the disease, and presented with progressive pancytopenia, especially the reduction of erythrocytes and megakaryocyte, without malformation. Interestingly, this patient and his brother/father had a heterozygous (non-homozygous/compound heterozygous) mutation (Exon9, c.745C > T, p.H249Y) in the FANCL gene. INTERVENTIONS AND OUTCOMES The patient successfully underwent unrelated and fully compatible umbilical cord blood hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. LESSONS SUBSECTIONS We report for the first time an acquired BMF case with FANCL gene heterozygous mutation, and the mutation site (Exon9, c.745C > T, p.H249Y) has never been reported. This case suggests that heterozygous mutations in FANCL gene may be associated with increased susceptibility to acquired BMF. Based on current reports and this case, we speculate that heterozygous mutations in the FA complementation gene may exist in a certain proportion of tumor and acquired BMF patients, but have not been detected. We recommend routine screening for FA complementation gene mutations in tumor and acquired BMF patients in clinical practice. If positive results are found, further screening can be conducted on their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhang
- Department of Hematology, People’s Liberation Army The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Hematology, People’s Liberation Army The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao-Juan Miao
- Department of Hematology, People’s Liberation Army The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Xu-Pai Zhang
- Department of Hematology, People’s Liberation Army The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin-Yu Xia
- Department of Hematology, People’s Liberation Army The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Hematology, People’s Liberation Army The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Hao-Ping Sun
- Department of Hematology, People’s Liberation Army The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
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Lemonidis K, Rennie ML, Arkinson C, Chaugule VK, Clarke M, Streetley J, Walden H. Structural and biochemical basis of interdependent FANCI-FANCD2 ubiquitination. EMBO J 2023; 42:e111898. [PMID: 36385258 PMCID: PMC9890228 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2022111898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Di-monoubiquitination of the FANCI-FANCD2 (ID2) complex is a central and crucial step for the repair of DNA interstrand crosslinks via the Fanconi anaemia pathway. While FANCD2 ubiquitination precedes FANCI ubiquitination, FANCD2 is also deubiquitinated at a faster rate than FANCI, which can result in a FANCI-ubiquitinated ID2 complex (IUb D2). Here, we present a 4.1 Å cryo-EM structure of IUb D2 complex bound to double-stranded DNA. We show that this complex, like ID2Ub and IUb D2Ub , is also in the closed ID2 conformation and clamps on DNA. The target lysine of FANCD2 (K561) becomes fully exposed in the IUb D2-DNA structure and is thus primed for ubiquitination. Similarly, FANCI's target lysine (K523) is also primed for ubiquitination in the ID2Ub -DNA complex. The IUb D2-DNA complex exhibits deubiquitination resistance, conferred by the presence of DNA and FANCD2. ID2Ub -DNA, on the other hand, can be efficiently deubiquitinated by USP1-UAF1, unless further ubiquitination on FANCI occurs. Therefore, FANCI ubiquitination effectively maintains FANCD2 ubiquitination in two ways: it prevents excessive FANCD2 deubiquitination within an IUb D2Ub -DNA complex, and it enables re-ubiquitination of FANCD2 within a transient, closed-on-DNA, IUb D2 complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimon Lemonidis
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Medical Veterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Martin L Rennie
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Medical Veterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Connor Arkinson
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Medical Veterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
- Present address:
Howard Hughes Medical InstituteUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCAUSA
| | - Viduth K Chaugule
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Medical Veterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Mairi Clarke
- Scottish Centre for Macromolecular ImagingUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - James Streetley
- Scottish Centre for Macromolecular ImagingUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Helen Walden
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Medical Veterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
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CHK2 activation contributes to the development of oxaliplatin resistance in colorectal cancer. Br J Cancer 2022; 127:1615-1628. [PMID: 35999268 PMCID: PMC9596403 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-022-01946-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC), the most common cancer type, causes high morbidity and mortality. Patients who develop drug resistance to oxaliplatin-based regimens have short overall survival. Thus, identifying molecules involved in the development of oxaliplatin resistance is critical for designing therapeutic strategies. METHODS A proteomic screen was performed to reveal altered protein kinase phosphorylation in oxaliplatin-resistant (OR) CRC tumour spheroids. The function of CHK2 was characterised using several biochemical techniques and evident using in vitro cell and in vivo tumour models. RESULTS We revealed that the level of phospho-CHK2(Thr68) was elevated in OR CRC cells and in ~30% of tumour samples from patients with OR CRC. We demonstrated that oxaliplatin activated several phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-related kinases (PIKKs) and CHK2 downstream effectors and enhanced CHK2/PARP1 interaction to facilitate DNA repair. A phosphorylation mimicking CHK2 mutant, CHK2T68D, but not a kinase-dead CHK2 mutant, CHK2D347A, promoted DNA repair, the CHK2/PARP1 interaction, and cell growth in the presence of oxaliplatin. Finally, we showed that a CHK2 inhibitor, BML-277, reduced protein poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation (PARylation), FANCD2 monoubiquitination, homologous recombination and OR CRC cell growth in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that CHK2 activity is critical for modulating oxaliplatin response and that CHK2 is a potential therapeutic target for OR CRC.
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Copy Number Analysis in a Large Cohort Suggestive of Inborn Errors of Immunity Indicates a Wide Spectrum of Relevant Chromosomal Losses and Gains. J Clin Immunol 2022; 42:1083-1092. [PMID: 35486341 PMCID: PMC9402522 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-022-01276-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Inborn errors of immunity (IEI) are genetically driven disorders. With the advancement of sequencing technologies, a rapidly increasing number of gene defects has been identified, thereby mirroring the high heterogeneity in immunological and clinical presentations observed in patients. However, for a large majority of patients, no causative single nucleotide variant (SNV) or small indel can be identified using next-generation sequencing. First studies have shown that also copy number variants (CNVs) can cause IEI. Unfortunately, CNVs are not well examined in many routine diagnostic settings and the aim of this study was to assess the number of clinically relevant chromosomal losses and gains in a large cohort. We identified a total of 20 CNVs using whole exome sequencing data of a cohort of 191 patients with a suspected IEI. A definite molecular diagnosis could be made in five patients (2.6%), including pathogenic deletions affecting ICOS, TNFAIP3, and 22q11.2. CNVs of uncertain significance were observed in fifteen patients (7.9%), including deletions of 11q22.1q22.3 and 16p11.2 but also duplications affecting entire or parts of genes previously associated with IEI. Importantly, five patients carrying a CNV of uncertain significance also carried pathogenic or likely pathogenic SNVs (PIK3R1, NFKB1, NLRC4, DOCK2), or SNVs of unknown significance (NFKB2). This cooccurrence of SNVs and CNVs suggests modifying effects in some patients, and functional follow-up is warranted now in order to better understand phenotypic heterogeneity. In summary, the diagnostic yield of IEI can be increased substantially by evaluating CNVs, which allows an improved therapeutic management in those patients.
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Zhang J, Wang D, Chen X, Ji L, Yu M, Guo M, Zhang D, Chen W, Xu F. Upregulation of Ferroptosis-Related Fanconi Anemia Group D2 is a Poor Prognostic Factor and an Indicator of Tumor Immune Cell Infiltration in Lung Adenocarcinoma. Front Genet 2022; 13:825685. [PMID: 35646059 PMCID: PMC9130730 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.825685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) group D2 (FANCD2) is a ferroptosis-related gene crucial for DNA damage repair and negative ferroptosis regulation. Our study aimed to evaluate its prognostic value as well as its association with ferroptosis and immune infiltration in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Transcriptome sequencing data, clinical information, and immunohistochemistry data were collected from the TCGA, GEO, and HPA databases, respectively, for three independent cohorts. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to assess the correlations between FANCD2 expression and overall survival or clinicopathological parameters. cBioPortal was utilized to investigate the FANCD2 alteration status. Gene and protein networks based on FANCD2 interactions were generated using GeneMANIA and STRING, respectively. Based on the CancerSEA database, the function of FANCD2 was explored at the single-cell level. The relationships between FANCD2 expression levels and tumor-infiltrating immune cells and their equivalent gene signatures were analyzed using TIMER, GEPIA, TISIDB, and ssGSEA databases. CIBERSORT was used to analyze the relevance of the infiltration of 24 types of immune cells. The results revealed that FANCD2 expression was significantly upregulated in LUAD and lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) tissues than that in normal tissues. Further, the overexpression of FANCD2 was closely associated with poor survival for Patients with LUAD but not for patients with LUSC. FANCD2 expression levels were related to tumor-infiltrating immune cells and their matching gene signatures, including CD8+ T cells, natural killer (NK) cells, dendritic cells (DC), and Th2 cells in cases of LUAD. Therefore, FANCD2 was identified as a crucial molecule underlying the synergistic effects of ferroptosis and immunotherapy for Patients with LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingtao Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Dongli Wang
- Digestive Department, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xiubao Chen
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Lingyun Ji
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Minmin Yu
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Minghao Guo
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Dexin Zhang
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Weida Chen
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Fei Xu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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Peake JD, Noguchi E. Fanconi anemia: current insights regarding epidemiology, cancer, and DNA repair. Hum Genet 2022; 141:1811-1836. [PMID: 35596788 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-022-02462-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fanconi anemia is a genetic disorder that is characterized by bone marrow failure, as well as a predisposition to malignancies including leukemia and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). At least 22 genes are associated with Fanconi anemia, constituting the Fanconi anemia DNA repair pathway. This pathway coordinates multiple processes and proteins to facilitate the repair of DNA adducts including interstrand crosslinks (ICLs) that are generated by environmental carcinogens, chemotherapeutic crosslinkers, and metabolic products of alcohol. ICLs can interfere with DNA transactions, including replication and transcription. If not properly removed and repaired, ICLs cause DNA breaks and lead to genomic instability, a hallmark of cancer. In this review, we will discuss the genetic and phenotypic characteristics of Fanconi anemia, the epidemiology of the disease, and associated cancer risk. The sources of ICLs and the role of ICL-inducing chemotherapeutic agents will also be discussed. Finally, we will review the detailed mechanisms of ICL repair via the Fanconi anemia DNA repair pathway, highlighting critical regulatory processes. Together, the information in this review will underscore important contributions to Fanconi anemia research in the past two decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine D Peake
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 N. 15th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Eishi Noguchi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 N. 15th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA.
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13
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Drula R, Iluta S, Gulei D, Iuga C, Dima D, Ghiaur G, Buzoianu AD, Ciechanover A, Tomuleasa C. Exploiting the ubiquitin system in myeloid malignancies. From basic research to drug discovery in MDS and AML. Blood Rev 2022; 56:100971. [PMID: 35595613 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2022.100971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome system is the crucial homeostatic mechanism responsible for the degradation and turnover of proteins. As such, alterations at this level are often associated with oncogenic processes, either through accumulation of undegraded pathway effectors or, conversely, excessive degradation of tumor-suppressing factors. Therefore, investigation of the ubiquitin- proteasome system has gained much attraction in recent years, especially in the context of hematological malignancies, giving rise to efficient therapeutics such as bortezomib for multiple myeloma. Current investigations are now focused on manipulating protein degradation via fine-tuning of the ubiquitination process through inhibition of deubiquitinating enzymes or development of PROTAC systems for stimulation of ubiquitination and protein degradation. On the other hand, the efficiency of Thalidomide derivates in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), such as Lenalidomide, acted as the starting point for the development of targeted leukemia-associated protein degradation molecules. These novel molecules display high efficiency in overcoming the limitations of current therapeutic regimens, such as refractory diseases. Therefore, in this manuscript we will address the therapeutic opportunities and strategies based on the ubiquitin-proteasome system, ranging from the modulation of deubiquitinating enzymes and, conversely, describing the potential of modern targeted protein degrading molecules and their progress into clinical implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rares Drula
- Research Center for Advanced Medicine - MedFUTURE, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj Napoca, Romania
| | - Sabina Iluta
- Department of Hematology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj Napoca, Romania; Department of Hematology, Ion Chiricuta Clinical Cancer Center, Cluj Napoca, Romania
| | - Diana Gulei
- Research Center for Advanced Medicine - MedFUTURE, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj Napoca, Romania
| | - Cristina Iuga
- Research Center for Advanced Medicine - MedFUTURE, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj Napoca, Romania; Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Delia Dima
- Department of Hematology, Ion Chiricuta Clinical Cancer Center, Cluj Napoca, Romania
| | - Gabriel Ghiaur
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Anca Dana Buzoianu
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj Napoca, Romania
| | - Aaron Ciechanover
- Research Center for Advanced Medicine - MedFUTURE, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj Napoca, Romania; Department of Hematology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj Napoca, Romania; Rappaport Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3109601, Israel; Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3109601, Israel
| | - Ciprian Tomuleasa
- Research Center for Advanced Medicine - MedFUTURE, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj Napoca, Romania; Department of Hematology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj Napoca, Romania; Department of Hematology, Ion Chiricuta Clinical Cancer Center, Cluj Napoca, Romania.
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Li Y, Zhang Y, Yang Q, Zhou X, Guo Y, Ding F, Liu Z, Luo A. Silencing of FANCI Promotes DNA Damage and Sensitizes Ovarian Cancer Cells to Carboplatin. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2022; 22:591-602. [PMID: 35362384 DOI: 10.2174/1568009622666220331091709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer (OVCA) has unique epigenetic alterations and defects in homologous recombination (HR). Despite initial sensitivity to platinum-based chemotherapy, HR dysfunctional tumors eventually acquire drug resistance. Fanconi anemia (FA) is characterized by bone marrow failure (BMF) and a reduced ability to eradicate DNA interstrand cross-links (ICL). However, the mechanism of chemoresistance mediated by FANCI was unclear in OVCA. OBJECTIVE We explore to identify whether FANCI was involved in chemoresistance in OVCA. METHODS FANCI expression and epigenetic alterations were analyzed, respectively, using TIMER and cBioPortal. The correlation between FANCI expression and the survival of OVCA patients was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier Plotter, GSE63885 and TCGA-OVCA database. FANCI expression in OVCA was detected by immunohistochemistry. Cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in FANCI inhibiting cells were assessed by CCK8 and Transwell. Apoptosis and DNA damage were examined by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence. Meanwhile, the activity of caspase 3/7 was detected by Caspase-Glo® 3/7 kit. In addition, the expression of FANCI, γH2AX, and apoptosis effectors was examined by western blot. RESULTS FANCI has copy number variations (CNVs) in OVCA. The high expression of FANCI in OVCA patients was associated with poor survival. Moreover, FANCI expression was correlated with the response to chemotherapy in OVCA. FANCI expression in OVCA cells was induced by carboplatin in a time-dependent manner. Silencing of FANCI had no effect on cell proliferation, but it hindered OVCA cell migration and invasion. Mechanically, knockdown of FANCI enhanced DNA damage induced apoptosis through CHK1/2-P53-P21 pathway. CONCLUSION FANCI may be a potential therapeutic target for OVCA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Li
- State Key Lab of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, P. R. China
| | - Yanan Zhang
- State Key Lab of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, P. R. China
| | - Qi Yang
- State Key Lab of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, P. R. China
| | - Xuantong Zhou
- State Key Lab of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Guo
- State Key Lab of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, P. R. China
| | - Fang Ding
- State Key Lab of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, P. R. China
| | - Zhihua Liu
- State Key Lab of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, P. R. China
| | - Aiping Luo
- State Key Lab of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, P. R. China
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Parsa FG, Nobili S, Karimpour M, Aghdaei HA, Nazemalhosseini-Mojarad E, Mini E. Fanconi Anemia Pathway in Colorectal Cancer: A Novel Opportunity for Diagnosis, Prognosis and Therapy. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12030396. [PMID: 35330396 PMCID: PMC8950345 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12030396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most commonly diagnosed malignancy and has the second highest mortality rate globally. Thanks to the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies, several novel candidate genes have been proposed for CRC susceptibility. Germline biallelic mutations in one or more of the 22 currently recognized Fanconi anemia (FA) genes have been associated with Fanconi anemia disease, while germline monoallelic mutations, somatic mutations, or the promoter hypermethylation of some FANC genes increases the risk of cancer development, including CRC. The FA pathway is a substantial part of the DNA damage response system that participates in the repair of DNA inter-strand crosslinks through homologous recombination (HR) and protects genome stability via replication fork stabilization, respectively. Recent studies revealed associations between FA gene/protein tumor expression levels (i.e., FANC genes) and CRC progression and drug resistance. Moreover, the FA pathway represents a potential target in the CRC treatment. In fact, FANC gene characteristics may contribute to chemosensitize tumor cells to DNA crosslinking agents such as oxaliplatin and cisplatin besides exploiting the synthetic lethal approach for selective targeting of tumor cells. Hence, this review summarizes the current knowledge on the function of the FA pathway in DNA repair and genomic integrity with a focus on the FANC genes as potential predisposition factors to CRC. We then introduce recent literature that highlights the importance of FANC genes in CRC as promising prognostic and predictive biomarkers for disease management and treatment. Finally, we represent a brief overview of the current knowledge around the FANC genes as synthetic lethal therapeutic targets for precision cancer medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Ghorbani Parsa
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19857-17413, Iran; (F.G.P.); (H.A.A.)
| | - Stefania Nobili
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University “G. D’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. D’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Mina Karimpour
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14115-154, Iran;
| | - Hamid Asadzadeh Aghdaei
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19857-17413, Iran; (F.G.P.); (H.A.A.)
| | - Ehsan Nazemalhosseini-Mojarad
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19857-17413, Iran
- Correspondence: (E.N.-M.); (E.M.)
| | - Enrico Mini
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
- DENOTHE Excellence Center, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
- Correspondence: (E.N.-M.); (E.M.)
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Lange SM, Armstrong LA, Kulathu Y. Deubiquitinases: From mechanisms to their inhibition by small molecules. Mol Cell 2021; 82:15-29. [PMID: 34813758 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2021.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Deubiquitinases (DUBs) are specialized proteases that remove ubiquitin from substrates or cleave within ubiquitin chains to regulate ubiquitylation and therefore play important roles in eukaryotic biology. Dysregulation of DUBs is implicated in several human diseases, highlighting the importance of DUB function. In addition, many pathogenic bacteria and viruses encode and deploy DUBs to manipulate host immune responses and establish infectious diseases in humans and animals. Hence, therapeutic targeting of DUBs is an increasingly explored area that requires an in-depth mechanistic understanding of human and pathogenic DUBs. In this review, we summarize the multiple layers of regulation that control autoinhibition, activation, and substrate specificity of DUBs. We discuss different strategies to inhibit DUBs and the progress in developing selective small-molecule DUB inhibitors. Finally, we propose a classification system of DUB inhibitors based on their mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven M Lange
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation & Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Lee A Armstrong
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation & Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Yogesh Kulathu
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation & Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK.
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Ishiai M. Regulation of the Fanconi Anemia DNA Repair Pathway by Phosphorylation and Monoubiquitination. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12111763. [PMID: 34828369 PMCID: PMC8624177 DOI: 10.3390/genes12111763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Fanconi anemia (FA) DNA repair pathway coordinates a faithful repair mechanism for stalled DNA replication forks caused by factors such as DNA interstrand crosslinks (ICLs) or replication stress. An important role of FA pathway activation is initiated by monoubiquitination of FANCD2 and its binding partner of FANCI, which is regulated by the ATM-related kinase, ATR. Therefore, regulation of the FA pathway is a good example of the contribution of ATR to genome stability. In this short review, we summarize the knowledge accumulated over the years regarding how the FA pathway is activated via phosphorylation and monoubiquitination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masamichi Ishiai
- Central Radioisotope Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
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