1
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Kohl J, Schweikert M, Klaas N, Lemloh ML. Intracellular bioaccumulation of the rare earth element Gadolinium in ciliate cells resulting in biogenic particle formation and excretion. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5650. [PMID: 37024513 PMCID: PMC10079679 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32596-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ciliates are abundant unicellular organisms capable of resisting high concentrations of metal ions in the environment caused by various anthropogenic activities. Understanding the cellular pathways involved in resistance to and detoxification of elements is required to predict the impact of ciliates on environmental element cycles. Here, we investigated the so far unknown process of tolerance, cellular uptake and bioaccumulation of the emerging rare earth element gadolinium (Gd) in the common ciliate Tetrahymena pyriformis. Gd treatment results in the intracellular formation and excretion of biogenic Gd-containing particles. This cellular process effectively removes dissolved Gd from the organic growth medium by 53.37% within 72 h. Based on light and electron microscopic observations, we postulate a detoxification pathway: Cells take up toxic Gd3+ ions from the medium by endocytosis, process them into stable Gd-containing particles within food vacuoles, and exocytose them. Stable biogenic particles can be isolated, which are relatively homogeneous and have a diameter of about 3 µm. They consist of the elements Gd, C, O, P, Na, Mg, K, and Ca. These findings broaden the view of metal ion accumulation by protists and are of relevance to understand environmental elemental cycles and may inspire approaches for metal recovery or bioremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Kohl
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of Stuttgart, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Michael Schweikert
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of Stuttgart, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
- SRF AMICA, University of Stuttgart, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Norbert Klaas
- IWS, Research Facility for Subsurface Remediation (VEGAS), University of Stuttgart, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Marie-Louise Lemloh
- SRF AMICA, University of Stuttgart, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany.
- Materials Testing Institute, University of Stuttgart, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany.
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2
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Escoffier N, Perolo P, Many G, Pasche NT, Perga ME. Fine-scale dynamics of calcite precipitation in a large hardwater lake. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 864:160699. [PMID: 36528097 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In hardwater lakes, calcite precipitation is an important yet poorly understood process in the lacustrine carbon cycle, in which catchment-derived alkalinity (Alk) is both transformed and translocated. While the physico-chemical conditions supporting the supersaturation of water with respect to calcite are theoretically well described, the magnitude and conditions underlying calcite precipitation at fine temporal and spatial scales are poorly constrained. In this study, we used high frequency, depth-resolved (0-30 m) data collected over 18 months (June 2019 - November 2020) in the deeper basin of Lake Geneva to describe the dynamics of calcite precipitation fluxes at a fine temporal resolution (day to season) and to scale them to carbon fixation by primary production. Calcite precipitation occurred during the warm stratified periods when surface water CO2 concentrations were below atmospheric equilibrium. Seasonally, the extent of Alk loss due to calcite precipitation (i.e., [30-42] g C m-2) depended upon the level of Alk in surface waters. Moreover, interannual variability in seasonal calcite precipitation depended on the duration of stratification, which determined the volume of the water layer susceptible to calcite precipitation. At finer timescales, calcite precipitation was characterized by marked daily variability with dynamics strongly related to that of planktonic autotrophic metabolism. Increasing daily calcite precipitation rates (i.e., maximum values 9 mmol C m-3 d-1) coincided with increasing net ecosystem production (NEP) during periods of enhanced water column stability. In these conditions, calcite precipitation could remove as much inorganic carbon from the productive layers as NEP. This study provides mechanistic insights into the conditions driving pelagic calcite precipitation, and quantifies its essential contribution to the coupling of organic and inorganic carbon cycling in lakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Escoffier
- Institute of Earth Surface Dynamics, University of Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Pascal Perolo
- Institute of Earth Surface Dynamics, University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gaël Many
- Institute of Earth Surface Dynamics, University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Marie-Elodie Perga
- Institute of Earth Surface Dynamics, University of Lausanne, Switzerland
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3
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Stanton C, Barnes BD, Kump LR, Cosmidis J. A re-examination of the mechanism of whiting events: A new role for diatoms in Fayetteville Green Lake (New York, USA). GEOBIOLOGY 2023; 21:210-228. [PMID: 36326137 PMCID: PMC10092686 DOI: 10.1111/gbi.12534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Whiting events-the episodic precipitation of fine-grained suspended calcium carbonates in the water column-have been documented across a variety of marine and lacustrine environments. Whitings likely are a major source of carbonate muds, a constituent of limestones, and important archives for geochemical proxies of Earth history. While several biological and physical mechanisms have been proposed to explain the onset of these precipitation events, no consensus has been reached thus far. Fayetteville Green Lake (New York, USA) is a meromictic lake that experiences annual whitings. Materials suspended in the water column collected through the whiting season were characterized using scanning electron microscopy and scanning transmission X-ray microscopy. Whitings in Fayetteville Green Lake are initiated in the spring within the top few meters of the water column, by precipitation of fine amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) phases nucleating on microbial cells, as well as on abundant extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) frequently associated with centric diatoms. Whiting particles found in the summer consist of 5-7 μm calcite grains forming aggregates with diatoms and EPS. Simple calculations demonstrate that calcite particles continuously grow over several days, then sink quickly through the water column. In the late summer, partial calcium carbonate dissolution is observed deeper in the water column. Settling whiting particles, however, reach the bottom of the lake, where they form a major constituent of the sediment, along with diatom frustules. The role of diatoms and associated EPS acting as nucleation surfaces for calcium carbonates is described for the first time here as a potential mechanism participating in whitings at Fayetteville Green Lake. This mechanism may have been largely overlooked in other whiting events in modern and ancient environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe Stanton
- Department of GeosciencesThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Ben Davis Barnes
- Department of GeosciencesThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Lee R. Kump
- Department of GeosciencesThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPennsylvaniaUSA
- Earth and Environmental Systems InstituteThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Julie Cosmidis
- Department of GeosciencesThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPennsylvaniaUSA
- Earth and Environmental Systems InstituteThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPennsylvaniaUSA
- Present address:
Department of Earth SciencesUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
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4
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Segovia‐Campos I, Filella M, Perron K, Ariztegui D. High calcium and strontium uptake by the green microalga Tetraselmis chui is related to micropearl formation and cell growth. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2023; 15:38-50. [PMID: 36151741 PMCID: PMC10103758 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.13124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Strontium-rich micropearls (intracellular inclusions of amorphous calcium carbonate) have been observed in several species of green microalgae within the class Chlorodendrophyceae, suggesting the potential use of these organisms for 90 Sr bioremediation purposes. However, very little is known about the micropearl formation process and the Ca and Sr uptake dynamics of these microalgae. To better understand this phenomenon, we investigated, through laboratory cultures, the behaviour of two species within the class Chorodendrophyceae: Tetraselmis chui, forming micropearls, and T. marina, not forming micropearls. We show that T. chui growth and micropearl formation requires available Ca in the culture medium, and that the addition of dissolved Sr can partially replace the function of Ca in cells. On the other hand, T. marina can grow without added Ca and Sr, probably due to its inability to form micropearls. T. chui cells show a high Ca and Sr uptake, significantly decreasing the concentration of both elements in the culture medium. Strontium is incorporated in micropearls in a short period of time, suggesting that micropearl formation is, most likely, a fast process that only takes a few hours. In addition, we show that micropearls equally distribute between daughter cells during cell division.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Karl Perron
- Microbiology UnitUniversity of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland
| | - Daniel Ariztegui
- Department of Earth SciencesUniversity of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland
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5
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Barbosa N, Jaquet JM, Urquidi O, Adachi TBM, Filella M. Combined in vitro and in vivo investigation of barite microcrystals in Spirogyra (Zygnematophyceae, Charophyta). JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 276:153769. [PMID: 35939894 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2022.153769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We have investigated the biomineralisation of barite ‒a useful proxy for reconstructing paleoproductivity‒ in a freshwater alga, Spirogyra, by combining in vitro and in vivo approaches to unveil the nature of its barite microcrystals. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXS) observations on simply dried samples revealed that the number and size of barite crystals were related to the barium concentration in the media. Additionally, their morphology showed a crystallographic face (011), which is not normally observed, suggesting the influence of organic molecules on the growth kinetics. The critical point drying method was used to preserve the internal and external structures of Spirogyra cells for SEM imaging. Crystals were found adjacent to the cytoplasmic membrane, near chloroplasts and fibrillary network. In vivo optical microscopy and Raman tweezer microspectroscopy in living cells showed that barite microcrystals are optically visible and follow cytoplasmic streaming. These results led us to propose that barite formation in Spirogyra occurs in the cytoplasm where barium and sulphate are both available: barium supplied non-selectively through the active transport of the divalent cations needed for actin polymerisation, and sulphate because necessary for amino acid biosynthesis in chloroplasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natercia Barbosa
- Department F.-A. Forel, University of Geneva, Boulevard Carl-Vogt 66, CH-1205 Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, CH-1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Michel Jaquet
- Department Earth Sciences, University of Geneva, Rue des Maraîchers 13, CH-1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Oscar Urquidi
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, CH-1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Takuji B M Adachi
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, CH-1205 Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Montserrat Filella
- Department F.-A. Forel, University of Geneva, Boulevard Carl-Vogt 66, CH-1205 Geneva, Switzerland.
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6
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Han Z, Li D, Zhao Y, Wang J, Guo N, Yan H, Han C, Li Q, Tucker ME. Mineralogy of Bioprecipitate Evolution over Induction Times Mediated by Halophilic Bacteria under Various Mg/Ca Molar Ratios. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:29755-29772. [PMID: 36061657 PMCID: PMC9435042 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c02443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In microbial mineralization experiments, the induction time of mineral precipitation is ambiguous, and this may lead to difficulties in reproducing and confirming the test results. To explore the link between induction time and microbially mediated carbonate precipitation, we report here the mineralogy and morphology of carbonate precipitates induced by the halophilic Halomonas utahensis WMS2 bacterium in media with various Mg/Ca molar ratios over a range of induction times. The results show that the biominerals are formed in an alkaline environment affected by ammonia secreted by H. utahensis WMS2 bacteria. The content of dissolved inorganic carbon increased as a result of carbonic anhydrase catalyzing the hydration of carbon dioxide to release bicarbonate and carbonate ions. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) results show that the phase of mineral precipitated gradually changes from an unstable Mg-rich calcite to metastable monohydrocalcite and then to stable hydromagnesite with an increase in the Mg2+ ion concentration and induction time. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results show that minerals mostly change from single particles/crystallites to aggregations under the action of the microorganisms at different Mg2+ ion concentrations and induction times. Our experiments demonstrate that the carbonate minerals produced in the presence of microbes change significantly with the induction time, in addition to the influence of the hydrochemical factors; this indicates that the induction time is significant in determining the mineralogy of biominerals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuozhen Han
- College
of Earth Science and Engineering, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory
of Depositional Mineralization and Sedimentary Minerals, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
- Laboratory
for Marine Mineral Resources, Qingdao National
Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Dan Li
- College
of Earth Science and Engineering, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory
of Depositional Mineralization and Sedimentary Minerals, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Yanyang Zhao
- College
of Earth Science and Engineering, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory
of Depositional Mineralization and Sedimentary Minerals, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Jiajia Wang
- College
of Earth Science and Engineering, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory
of Depositional Mineralization and Sedimentary Minerals, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Na Guo
- College
of Earth Science and Engineering, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory
of Depositional Mineralization and Sedimentary Minerals, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Huaxiao Yan
- College
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Chao Han
- College
of Earth Science and Engineering, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory
of Depositional Mineralization and Sedimentary Minerals, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Qiang Li
- College
of Earth Science and Engineering, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory
of Depositional Mineralization and Sedimentary Minerals, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Maurice E. Tucker
- School
of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1RJ, U.K.
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7
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First Observation of Unicellular Organisms Concentrating Arsenic in ACC Intracellular Inclusions in Lake Waters. GEOSCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/geosciences12010032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
In unicellular organisms, intracellular inclusions of amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) were initially described in cyanobacteria and, later, in unicellular eukaryotes from Lake Geneva (Switzerland/France). Inclusions in unicellular eukaryotes, named micropearls, consist of hydrated ACCs, frequently enriched in Sr or Ba, and displaying internal oscillatory zonations, due to variations in the Ba:Ca or Sr:Ca ratios. An analysis of our database, consisting of 1597 micropearl analyses from Lake Geneva and 34 from Lake Titicaca (Bolivia/Peru), showed that a certain number of Sr- and Ba-enriched micropearls from these lakes contain As in amounts measurable by EDXS. A Q-mode statistical analysis confirmed the existence of five chemically distinct morpho-chemical groups of As-bearing micropearls, among which was a new category identified in Lake Geneva, where As is often associated with Mg. This new type of micropearl is possibly produced in a small (7–12 μm size) bi-flagellated organism. Micropearls from Lake Titicaca, which contain Sr, were found in an organism very similar to Tetraselmis cordiformis, which was observed earlier in Lake Geneva. Lake Titicaca micropearls contain larger As amounts, which can be explained by the high As concentration in the water of this lake. The ubiquity of this observed biomineralization process points to the need for a better understanding of the role of amorphous or crystalline calcium carbonates in As cycling in surface waters.
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8
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Gal A. Dense intracellular ion pools in unicellular organisms. J Struct Biol 2021; 213:107807. [PMID: 34740781 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2021.107807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Uptake and concentration of inorganic ions are part of the complex cellular processes required for cell homeostasis, as well as for mineral formation by organisms. These ion transport mechanisms include distinct cellular compartments and chemical phases that play various roles in the physiology of organisms. Here, the prominent cases of dense ion pools in unicellular organisms are briefly reviewed. The specific observations that were reported for different organisms are consolidated into a wide perspective that emphasizes general traits. It is suggested that the intracellular ion pools can be divided into three types: a high cytoplasmic concentration, a labile storage compartment that hosts dense ion-rich phases, and a mineral-forming compartment in which a stable long-lived structure is formed. Recently, many labile pools were identified in various organisms using advanced techniques, bringing many new questions about their possible roles in the formation of the stable mineralized structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assaf Gal
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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9
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Liu R, Huang S, Zhang X, Song Y, He G, Wang Z, Lian B. Bio-mineralisation, characterization, and stability of calcium carbonate containing organic matter. RSC Adv 2021; 11:14415-14425. [PMID: 35423988 PMCID: PMC8697732 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra00615k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The composition of organic matter in biogenic calcium carbonate has long been a mystery, and its role has not received sufficient attention. This study is aimed at elucidating the bio-mineralisation and stability of amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) and vaterite containing organic matter, as induced by Bacillus subtilis. The results showed that the bacteria could induce various structural forms of CaCO3, such as biogenic ACC (BACC) or biogenic vaterite (BV), using the bacterial cells as their template, and the carbonic anhydrase secreted by the bacteria plays an important role in the mineralisation of CaCO3. The effects of Ca2+ concentration on the crystal structure of CaCO3 were ascertained; when the amount of CaCl2 increased from 0.1% (m/v) to 0.8% (m/v), the ACC was transformed to polycrystalline vaterite. The XRD results demonstrated that the ACC and vaterite have good stability in air or deionised water for one year, or even when heated to 200 °C or 300 °C for 2 h. Moreover, the FTIR results indicated that the BACC or BV is rich in organic matter, and the contents of organic matter in biogenic ACC and vaterite are 39.67 wt% and 28.47 wt%, respectively. The results of bio-mimetic mineralisation experiments suggest that the protein secreted by bacterial metabolism may be inclined to inhibit the formation of calcite, while polysaccharide may be inclined to promote the formation of vaterite. Our findings advance our knowledge of the CaCO3 family and are valuable for future research into organic-CaCO3 complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renlu Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control in Red Soil Hilly Region of Jiangxi Province, Jinggangshan University Ji'an 343009 China
- School of Life Sciences, School of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Shanshan Huang
- School of Life Sciences, School of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Xiaowen Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, School of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Yongsheng Song
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control in Red Soil Hilly Region of Jiangxi Province, Jinggangshan University Ji'an 343009 China
| | - Genhe He
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control in Red Soil Hilly Region of Jiangxi Province, Jinggangshan University Ji'an 343009 China
| | - Zaifeng Wang
- School of Life Sciences, School of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Bin Lian
- School of Life Sciences, School of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University Nanjing 210023 China
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10
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Segovia-Campos I, Martignier A, Filella M, Jaquet JM, Ariztegui D. Micropearls and other intracellular inclusions of amorphous calcium carbonate: an unsuspected biomineralization capacity shared by diverse microorganisms. Environ Microbiol 2021; 24:537-550. [PMID: 33817930 PMCID: PMC9292747 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An unsuspected biomineralization process, which produces intracellular inclusions of amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC), was recently discovered in unicellular eukaryotes. These mineral inclusions, called micropearls, can be highly enriched with other alkaline‐earth metals (AEM) such as Sr and Ba. Similar intracellular inclusions of ACC have also been observed in prokaryotic organisms. These comparable biomineralization processes involving phylogenetically distant microorganisms are not entirely understood yet. This review gives a broad vision of the topic in order to establish a basis for discussion on the possible molecular processes behind the formation of the inclusions, their physiological role, the impact of these microorganisms on the geochemical cycles of AEM and their evolutionary relationship. Finally, some insights are provided to guide future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés Segovia-Campos
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, CH-1205, Switzerland
| | - Agathe Martignier
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, CH-1205, Switzerland
| | - Montserrat Filella
- Department F.-A. Forel, University of Geneva, Geneva, CH-1205, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Michel Jaquet
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, CH-1205, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Ariztegui
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, CH-1205, Switzerland
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11
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Benzerara K, Bolzoni R, Monteil C, Beyssac O, Forni O, Alonso B, Asta MP, Lefevre C. The gammaproteobacterium Achromatium forms intracellular amorphous calcium carbonate and not (crystalline) calcite. GEOBIOLOGY 2021; 19:199-213. [PMID: 33347698 DOI: 10.1111/gbi.12424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Achromatium is a long known uncultured giant gammaproteobacterium forming intracellular CaCO3 that impacts C and S geochemical cycles functioning in some anoxic sediments and at oxic-anoxic boundaries. While intracellular CaCO3 granules have first been described as Ca oxalate then colloidal CaCO3 more than one century ago, they have often been referred to as crystalline solids and more specifically calcite over the last 25 years. Such a crystallographic distinction is important since the respective chemical reactivities of amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) and calcite, hence their potential physiological role and conditions of formation, are significantly different. Here, we analyzed the intracellular CaCO3 granules of Achromatium cells from Lake Pavin using a combination of Raman microspectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Granules in intact Achromatium cells were unequivocally composed of ACC. Moreover, ACC spontaneously transformed into calcite when irradiated at high laser irradiance during Raman analyses. Few ACC granules also transformed spontaneously into calcite in lysed cells upon cell death and/or sample preparation. Overall, the present study supports the original claims that intracellular Ca-carbonates in Achromatium are amorphous and not crystalline. In that sense, Achromatium is similar to a diverse group of Cyanobacteria and a recently discovered magnetotactic alphaproteobacterium, which all form intracellular ACC. The implications for the physiology and ecology of Achromatium are discussed. Whether the mechanisms responsible for the preservation of such unstable compounds in these bacteria are similar to those involved in numerous ACC-forming eukaryotes remains to be discovered. Last, we recommend to future studies addressing the crystallinity of CaCO3 granules in Achromatium cells recovered from diverse environments all over the world to take care of the potential pitfalls evidenced by the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Benzerara
- Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie (IMPMC), UMR CNRS 7590, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Romain Bolzoni
- CEA Cadarache, UMR7265 Institute of Biosciences and Biotechnologies of Aix-Marseille, CEA, CNRS, Aix-Marseille University, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Caroline Monteil
- CEA Cadarache, UMR7265 Institute of Biosciences and Biotechnologies of Aix-Marseille, CEA, CNRS, Aix-Marseille University, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Olivier Beyssac
- Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie (IMPMC), UMR CNRS 7590, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Forni
- Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie (CNRS, Univ. Toulouse, CNES), Toulouse, France
| | - Béatrice Alonso
- CEA Cadarache, UMR7265 Institute of Biosciences and Biotechnologies of Aix-Marseille, CEA, CNRS, Aix-Marseille University, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Maria P Asta
- IFSTTAR, CNRS, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Christopher Lefevre
- CEA Cadarache, UMR7265 Institute of Biosciences and Biotechnologies of Aix-Marseille, CEA, CNRS, Aix-Marseille University, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
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12
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Martignier A, De Respinis S, Filella M, Segovia-Campos I, Marin B, Günther G, Barja F, Tonolla M, Jaquet JM, Melkonian M, Ariztegui D. Biomineralization Capacities of Chlorodendrophyceae: Correlation Between Chloroplast Morphology and the Distribution of Micropearls in the Cell. Protist 2020; 171:125760. [DOI: 10.1016/j.protis.2020.125760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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13
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Extracellular and Intracellular Biomineralization Induced by Bacillus licheniformis DB1-9 at Different Mg/Ca Molar Ratios. MINERALS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/min8120585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Biomineralization has become a research hotspot and attracted widespread attention in the field of carbonate sedimentology. In this study, precipitation of carbonate minerals was induced by Bacillus licheniformis DB1-9 bacteria, (identity confirmed with its phylogenetic tree), to further explore the biomineralization mechanisms. During experiments, lasting up to 24 days with varying Mg/Ca molar ratios and regular monitoring of conditions, ammonia and carbonic anhydrase are released by the bacteria, resulting in a pH increase. Carbonic anhydrase could have promoted carbon dioxide hydration to produce bicarbonate and carbonate ions, and so promoted supersaturation to facilitate the precipitation of carbonate minerals. These include rhombohedral, dumbbell-shaped, and elongated calcite crystals; aragonite appears in the form of mineral aggregates. In addition, spheroidal and fusiform minerals are precipitated. FTIR results show there are organic functional groups, such as C–O–C and C=O, as well as the characteristic peaks of calcite and aragonite; these indicate that there is a close relationship between the bacteria and the minerals. Ultrathin slices of the bacteria analyzed by HRTEM, SAED, EDS, and STEM show that precipitate within the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) has a poor crystal structure, and intracellular granular areas have no crystal structure. Fluorescence intensity and STEM results show that calcium ions can be transported from the outside to the inside of the cells. This study provides further insights to our understanding of biomineralization mechanisms induced by microorganisms.
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Leukel S, Panthöfer M, Mondeshki M, Kieslich G, Wu Y, Krautwurst N, Tremel W. Trapping Amorphous Intermediates of Carbonates – A Combined Total Scattering and NMR Study. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:14638-14646. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b06703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Leukel
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Analytische Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
- Graduate School of Excellence Materials Science in Mainz (MAINZ), Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Staudingerweg 9, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Martin Panthöfer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Analytische Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Mihail Mondeshki
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Analytische Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Gregor Kieslich
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117574 Singapore
| | - Nina Krautwurst
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Analytische Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Tremel
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Analytische Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
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Thien B, Martignier A, Jaquet JM, Filella M. Linking environmental observations and solid solution thermodynamic modeling: the case of Ba- and Sr-rich micropearls in Lake Geneva. PURE APPL CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2017-0205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIntracellular inclusions of amorphous Ba- and Sr-rich calcium carbonates – referred to as “micropearls”– have recently been detected in Lake Geneva. These micropearls are formed under conditions of pronounced Ba and Sr undersaturation in the lake waters. Their formation can be explained by the ability of certain microorganisms to preconcentrate these trace elements in tandem with a non-equilibrium solid-solution growing mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Thien
- 1Laboratory for Waste Management, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
- 2Fluid and Mineral Resources Group, ETH, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Agathe Martignier
- 3Department of Earth Sciences, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Michel Jaquet
- 3Department of Earth Sciences, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
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