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Kakouridis A, Yuan M, Nuccio EE, Hagen JA, Fossum CA, Moore ML, Estera-Molina KY, Nico PS, Weber PK, Pett-Ridge J, Firestone MK. Arbuscular mycorrhiza convey significant plant carbon to a diverse hyphosphere microbial food web and mineral-associated organic matter. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 242:1661-1675. [PMID: 38358052 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) transport substantial plant carbon (C) that serves as a substrate for soil organisms, a precursor of soil organic matter (SOM), and a driver of soil microbial dynamics. Using two-chamber microcosms where an air gap isolated AMF from roots, we 13CO2-labeled Avena barbata for 6 wk and measured the C Rhizophagus intraradices transferred to SOM and hyphosphere microorganisms. NanoSIMS imaging revealed hyphae and roots had similar 13C enrichment. SOM density fractionation, 13C NMR, and IRMS showed AMF transferred 0.77 mg C g-1 of soil (increasing total C by 2% relative to non-mycorrhizal controls); 33% was found in occluded or mineral-associated pools. In the AMF hyphosphere, there was no overall change in community diversity but 36 bacterial ASVs significantly changed in relative abundance. With stable isotope probing (SIP)-enabled shotgun sequencing, we found taxa from the Solibacterales, Sphingobacteriales, Myxococcales, and Nitrososphaerales (ammonium oxidizing archaea) were highly enriched in AMF-imported 13C (> 20 atom%). Mapping sequences from 13C-SIP metagenomes to total ASVs showed at least 92 bacteria and archaea were significantly 13C-enriched. Our results illustrate the quantitative and ecological impact of hyphal C transport on the formation of potentially protective SOM pools and microbial roles in the AMF hyphosphere soil food web.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Kakouridis
- University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Mengting Yuan
- University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Erin E Nuccio
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, 94550, CA, USA
| | - John A Hagen
- University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | | | - Madeline L Moore
- University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Katerina Y Estera-Molina
- University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, 94550, CA, USA
| | - Peter S Nico
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Peter K Weber
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, 94550, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer Pett-Ridge
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, 94550, CA, USA
- University of California Merced, Merced, 95343, CA, USA
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Li J, Liu Y, Cui X, Liu R, Du Z, Chai H, He Y, Chen H, Wu H, Zhou X. Mycorrhizal mediation of soil carbon in permafrost regions depends on soil nutrient stoichiometry and physical protection. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 920:170907. [PMID: 38350579 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Mycorrhizal associations are considered as one of the key drivers for soil carbon (C) accumulation and stability. However, how mycorrhizal associations influence soil organic C (SOC) and its fractions (i.e., particulate organic C [POC] and mineral-associated organic C [MAOC]) remain unclear. In this study, we examined effects of plant mycorrhizal associations with arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM), ectomycorrhiza (ECM), and their mixture (Mixed) on SOC and its fractions as well as soil stoichiometric ratios across 800-km transect in permafrost regions. Our results showed that soil with only ECM-associated trees had significantly higher SOC and POC compared to only AM-associated tree species, while soil in Mixed plots with both AM- and ECM- associated trees tend to be somewhat in the middle. Using structural equation models, we found that mycorrhizal association significantly influenced SOC and its fraction (i.e., POC, MAOC) indirectly through soil stoichiometric ratios (C:N, C:P, and N:P). These results suggest that selecting ECM tree species, characterized by a "slow cycling" nutrient uptake strategy, can effectively enhance accumulation of SOC and its fractions in permafrost forest ecosystems. Our findings provide novel insights for quantitatively assessing the influence of mycorrhiza-associated tree species on the management of soil C pool and biogeochemical cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Northeast Asia ecosystem Carbon sink research Center (NACC), Center for Ecological Research, Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824, USA
| | - Xiaoyang Cui
- Northeast Asia ecosystem Carbon sink research Center (NACC), Center for Ecological Research, Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Ruiqiang Liu
- Northeast Asia ecosystem Carbon sink research Center (NACC), Center for Ecological Research, Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Zhenggang Du
- Northeast Asia ecosystem Carbon sink research Center (NACC), Center for Ecological Research, Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Hua Chai
- Northeast Asia ecosystem Carbon sink research Center (NACC), Center for Ecological Research, Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yanghui He
- Northeast Asia ecosystem Carbon sink research Center (NACC), Center for Ecological Research, Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Hongyang Chen
- Northeast Asia ecosystem Carbon sink research Center (NACC), Center for Ecological Research, Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Han Wu
- Northeast Asia ecosystem Carbon sink research Center (NACC), Center for Ecological Research, Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xuhui Zhou
- Northeast Asia ecosystem Carbon sink research Center (NACC), Center for Ecological Research, Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
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Zhang H, Ouyang Z, Li M, Wen B, Zhuang S, Zhao X, Jiang P. Spatial distribution and main drivers of soil selenium in Taihu Lake Basin, Southeast China. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 465:133091. [PMID: 38056274 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient that is both hazardous and beneficial to living organisms. However, few studies have examined soil Se distribution and its driving mechanisms on a large basin scale. Thus, multivariate statistics, geostatistics, boosted regression trees, and structural equation models were used to investigate the spatial distribution, driving factors, and multivariate interactions of soil Se based on 1753 topsoil samples (0-20 cm) from the Taihu Lake Basin. The results indicated that the soil Se concentration ranged from 0.12 to 57.26 mg kg-1, with a mean value of 0.90 mg kg-1. Overall, the spatial pattern of soil Se gradually decreased from south to north with approximately 1.06% of the soil contaminated with Se. Moisture index (MI), soil moisture (SM), and ≥ 0 ℃ accumulative temperature (AAT0) were the main determinants of soil Se accumulation. Additionally, the substantial effect of SM∩AAT0 on soil Se concentrations demonstrated that climate-soil interactions largely governed the spatial pattern of soil Se. The Se-enriched and Se-contaminated soils occurred mainly in regions with high precipitation, MI, SM, AAT0, and soil organic matter. This study provides a theoretical basis and practical guidance for the remediation of soil Se contamination and the sustainable development of Se-enriched agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhang
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Exploitation and Protection, Ministry of Natural Resources, Nanjing 210023, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of South China Sea Studies, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science and Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhencheng Ouyang
- Ganzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Gannan Academy of Sciences, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Manchun Li
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Exploitation and Protection, Ministry of Natural Resources, Nanjing 210023, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of South China Sea Studies, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science and Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Boqing Wen
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science and Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Sudan Zhuang
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science and Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiaomin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Basin Agricultural Resources and Ecology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs in China, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Penghui Jiang
- College of Public Administration, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Observation Research Station of Land Ecology and Land Use in the Yangtze River Delta, MNR, Nanjing 210017, China; China Resources & Environment and Development Academy (REDA), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Soinne H, Hyyrynen M, Jokubė M, Keskinen R, Hyväluoma J, Pihlainen S, Hyytiäinen K, Miettinen A, Rasa K, Lemola R, Virtanen E, Heinonsalo J, Heikkinen J. High organic carbon content constricts the potential for stable organic carbon accrual in mineral agricultural soils in Finland. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 352:119945. [PMID: 38215596 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Sequestering carbon into agricultural soils is considered as a means of mitigating climate change. We used agronomic soil test results representing c. 95% of the farmed land area in Finland to estimate the potential of the uppermost 15 cm soil layer of mineral agricultural soils to sequester organic carbon (OC) and to contribute to the mitigation of climate change. The estimation of the maximum capacity of mineral matter to protect OC in stable mineral-associated form was based on the theory that clay and fine-sized (fines = clay + silt) particles have a limited capacity to protect OC. In addition, we used the clay/OC and fines/OC ratios to identify areas with a risk of erosion and reduced productivity, thus indicating priority areas potentially benefitting from the increased soil OC contents. We found that 32-40% of the mineral agricultural soils in Finland have the potential to further accumulate mineral-associated OC (MOC), while in the majority of soils, the current OC stock in the uppermost 15 cm exceeded the capacity of mineral matter to protect OC. The nationwide soil OC sequestration potential of the uppermost 15 cm in mineral agricultural soils ranged between 0.21 and 0.26 Tg, which corresponds to less than 2% of annual greenhouse gas emissions in Finland. The fields with the highest potential for SOC accrual were found in the southern and southwestern parts of the country, including some of the most intensively cultivated high-clay soils. Although the nationwide potential for additional OC sequestration was estimated to be relatively small, the current OC storage in Finnish arable mineral soils (0-15 cm) is large, 128 Tg. Farming practices enabling maximum OC input into the soil play an important role as a tool for mitigating the loss of carbon from high-OC soils in the changing climate. Furthermore, especially in high-clay areas with potential for MOC accrual, efforts to increase soil OC could help improve soil structural stability and therefore reduce erosion and the loss of nutrients to the aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Soinne
- Natural Resources Institute Finland Luke, Latokartanonkaari 9, FI-00790, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Matti Hyyrynen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland Luke, Latokartanonkaari 9, FI-00790, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Medilė Jokubė
- Department of Economics and Management, University of Helsinki, PO Box 27, Fl-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riikka Keskinen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland Luke, Tietotie 4, FI-31600, Jokioinen, Finland
| | - Jari Hyväluoma
- Natural Resources Institute Finland Luke, Tietotie 4, FI-31600, Jokioinen, Finland; Häme University of Applied Sciences HAMK, Mustialantie 105, FI-31310, Mustiala, Finland
| | - Sampo Pihlainen
- Finnish Environment Institute Syke, Latokartanonkaari 11, FI-00790, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kari Hyytiäinen
- Department of Economics and Management, University of Helsinki, PO Box 27, Fl-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Arttu Miettinen
- Department of Physics, Nanoscience Center, and School of Resource Wisdom, University of Jyväskylä, PO Box 35, FI-40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Kimmo Rasa
- Natural Resources Institute Finland Luke, Tietotie 4, FI-31600, Jokioinen, Finland
| | - Riitta Lemola
- Natural Resources Institute Finland Luke, Tietotie 4, FI-31600, Jokioinen, Finland
| | - Eetu Virtanen
- Soilfood ltd, Viikinkaari 6, FI-00790, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jussi Heinonsalo
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Forest sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 27, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaakko Heikkinen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland Luke, Tietotie 4, FI-31600, Jokioinen, Finland
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Keskinen R, Nikama J, Kostensalo J, Räty M, Rasa K, Soinne H. Methodological choices in size and density fractionation of soil carbon reserves - A case study on wood fiber sludge amended soils. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24450. [PMID: 38293545 PMCID: PMC10826313 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Soil organic carbon (SOC) is in the focus of research due to its central role in regulating climate and maintaining fertility and resilience of soils. Methodologically, shifting from whole soil C measurements to specific SOC fractions increases possibility to detect small changes in the vast SOC storage, and enhances estimation of SOC stability. However, SOC fractionation schemes are numerous and variable. In this study, deionized water and sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP) were compared in soil dispersion by separating soils into coarse (0.25-2 mm), medium (0.063-0.25 mm) and fine (<0.063 mm) size fractions. The first two fractions were further separated by density (1.8 g cm-3) to obtain free particulate organic C (POC) and mineral associated organic C (MOC). The approach was applied to a clay and a silt loam soil with and without wood fiber sludge amendment to follow the added C. Aggregate disruption was enhanced with SHMP in comparison to water, but the effect was small and the use of SHMP decreased recovery of SOC, wherefore water was preferred. In both soils, 5-10 % of SOC occurred as coarse POC, 1-3% as coarse MOC, 5 % as medium POC, 10 % as medium MOC, and 70-85 % as fine MOC. The added C resided in the POC fractions with an indication of minor accumulation to the fine MOC in the clay soil. Longer time frame with repeated C additions would be needed to increase the stable MOC storages though saturation of the MOC reserve may hinder accumulation in the silt loam low in fines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riikka Keskinen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Tietotie 4, FI-31600, Jokioinen, Finland
| | - Johanna Nikama
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Tietotie 4, FI-31600, Jokioinen, Finland
| | - Joel Kostensalo
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Yliopistokatu 6 B, FI-80100, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Mari Räty
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Halolantie 31 A, FI-71750, Maaninka Finland
| | - Kimmo Rasa
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Tietotie 4, FI-31600, Jokioinen, Finland
| | - Helena Soinne
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Latokartanonkaari 9, FI-00790 Helsinki, Finland
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Raffeld AM, Bradford MA, Jackson RD, Rath D, Sanford GR, Tautges N, Oldfield EE. The importance of accounting method and sampling depth to estimate changes in soil carbon stocks. CARBON BALANCE AND MANAGEMENT 2024; 19:2. [PMID: 38277090 PMCID: PMC10811869 DOI: 10.1186/s13021-024-00249-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As interest in the voluntary soil carbon market surges, carbon registries have been developing new soil carbon measurement, reporting, and verification (MRV) protocols. These protocols are inconsistent in their approaches to measuring soil organic carbon (SOC). Two areas of concern include the type of SOC stock accounting method (fixed-depth (FD) vs. equivalent soil mass (ESM)) and sampling depth requirement. Despite evidence that fixed-depth measurements can result in error because of changes in soil bulk density and that sampling to 30 cm neglects a significant portion of the soil profile's SOC stock, most MRV protocols do not specify which sampling method to use and only require sampling to 30 cm. Using data from UC Davis's Century Experiment ("Century") and UW Madison's Wisconsin Integrated Cropping Systems Trial (WICST), we quantify differences in SOC stock changes estimated by FD and ESM over 20 years, investigate how sampling at-depth (> 30 cm) affects SOC stock change estimates, and estimate how crediting outcomes taking an empirical sampling-only crediting approach differ when stocks are calculated using ESM or FD at different depths. RESULTS We find that FD and ESM estimates of stock change can differ by over 100 percent and that, as expected, much of this difference is associated with changes in bulk density in surface soils (e.g., r = 0.90 for Century maize treatments). This led to substantial differences in crediting outcomes between ESM and FD-based stocks, although many treatments did not receive credits due to declines in SOC stocks over time. While increased variability of soils at depth makes it challenging to accurately quantify stocks across the profile, sampling to 60 cm can capture changes in bulk density, potential SOC redistribution, and a larger proportion of the overall SOC stock. CONCLUSIONS ESM accounting and sampling to 60 cm (using multiple depth increments) should be considered best practice when quantifying change in SOC stocks in annual, row crop agroecosystems. For carbon markets, the cost of achieving an accurate estimate of SOC stocks that reflect management impacts on soils at-depth should be reflected in the price of carbon credits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Raffeld
- Environmental Defense Fund, 555 12th Street, Suite 400, Washington, DC, 20004 , USA.
| | - Mark A Bradford
- The Forest School, Yale School of the Environment, Yale University, 360 Prospect St., New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Randall D Jackson
- Department of Plant and Agroecosystem Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1575 Linden Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Daniel Rath
- Natural Resources Defense Council, 1152 15th St NW, Washington, DC, 20005, USA
| | - Gregg R Sanford
- Department of Plant and Agroecosystem Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1575 Linden Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Nicole Tautges
- Michael Fields Agricultural Institute, East Troy, WI, PO Box 990, 53120, USA
| | - Emily E Oldfield
- Environmental Defense Fund, 555 12th Street, Suite 400, Washington, DC, 20004 , USA
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Zhu S, Sainju UM, Zhang S, Tan G, Wen M, Dou Y, Yang R, Chen J, Zhao F, Wang J. Cover cropping promotes soil carbon sequestration by enhancing microaggregate-protected and mineral-associated carbon. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 908:168330. [PMID: 37931820 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Cover cropping can improve soil C sequestration compared to no cover cropping, but the mechanism of C sequestration in soil aggregates and minerals needs more exploration. We explored C sequestration using C fractions in soil aggregates and minerals by cover crops in a five-year old summer cover crop - winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) rotation system at Changwu National Agroecology Experimental Station in the Chinese Loess Plateau. Three cover crops as soybean (Glycine max L., SB), sudangrass (Sorghum sudanense (Piper) Stapf, SG), soybean and sudangrass mixture (SS) were planted during summer fallow and incorporated into the soil two weeks prior to wheat planting each year. Soil samples at 0-10, 10-20, and 20-40 cm depths were collected at wheat harvest after 5-yr and analyzed for C fractions which were coarse particulate organic C (cPOC), intra-microaggregate fine particulate organic C (iPOC), free fine particulate organic C (fPOC), and mineral-associated organic C (MOC). The iPOC and MOC are considered as protected C against mineralization. Compared to no cover crop (CK), cover crops increased large macroaggregate proportion at 0-10 cm by 18-22 %, with SS having a greater mean-weight diameter (MWD) than other treatments. Cover crops had greater MOC, iPOC, and fPOC fractions than CK in most aggregate-size classes and the bulk soil at all depths, with SS having the greatest C fractions. The MOC was greater than any other C fractions, regardless of cover crop species. Cover cropping can enhance soil aggregation and C sequestration by increasing microaggregate-protected and mineral-associated C compared to no cover cropping, resulting in improved soil C stabilization. Cover crop mixture was more effective in promoting soil aggregate stability and C fractions than single cover crop species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoqing Zhu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Carbon Neutral Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Upendra M Sainju
- USDA-ARS, Northern Plains Agricultural Research Laboratory, 1500 North Central Avenue, Sidney, MT 59270, USA
| | - Shaohong Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, China
| | - Guangye Tan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Carbon Neutral Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Mengmeng Wen
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Carbon Neutral Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Ying Dou
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Carbon Neutral Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Ruijia Yang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Carbon Neutral Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Jinfa Chen
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Carbon Neutral Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Fazhu Zhao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Carbon Neutral Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Carbon Neutral Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China.
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8
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von Fromm SF, Doetterl S, Butler BM, Aynekulu E, Berhe AA, Haefele SM, McGrath SP, Shepherd KD, Six J, Tamene L, Tondoh EJ, Vågen TG, Winowiecki LA, Trumbore SE, Hoyt AM. Controls on timescales of soil organic carbon persistence across sub-Saharan Africa. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17089. [PMID: 38273490 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Given the importance of soil for the global carbon cycle, it is essential to understand not only how much carbon soil stores but also how long this carbon persists. Previous studies have shown that the amount and age of soil carbon are strongly affected by the interaction of climate, vegetation, and mineralogy. However, these findings are primarily based on studies from temperate regions and from fine-scale studies, leaving large knowledge gaps for soils from understudied regions such as sub-Saharan Africa. In addition, there is a lack of data to validate modeled soil C dynamics at broad scales. Here, we present insights into organic carbon cycling, based on a new broad-scale radiocarbon and mineral dataset for sub-Saharan Africa. We found that in moderately weathered soils in seasonal climate zones with poorly crystalline and reactive clay minerals, organic carbon persists longer on average (topsoil: 201 ± 130 years; subsoil: 645 ± 385 years) than in highly weathered soils in humid regions (topsoil: 140 ± 46 years; subsoil: 454 ± 247 years) with less reactive minerals. Soils in arid climate zones (topsoil: 396 ± 339 years; subsoil: 963 ± 669 years) store organic carbon for periods more similar to those in seasonal climate zones, likely reflecting climatic constraints on weathering, carbon inputs and microbial decomposition. These insights into the timescales of organic carbon persistence in soils of sub-Saharan Africa suggest that a process-oriented grouping of soils based on pedo-climatic conditions may be useful to improve predictions of soil responses to climate change at broader scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie F von Fromm
- Max-Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Doetterl
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Keith D Shepherd
- Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK
- Innovative Solutions for Decision Agriculture (iSDA), Harpenden, UK
| | - Johan Six
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lulseged Tamene
- International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Ebagnerin J Tondoh
- Nangui Abrogoua University, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
- CIFOR-ICRAF, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
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9
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Hansen PM, Even R, King AE, Lavallee J, Schipanski M, Cotrufo MF. Distinct, direct and climate-mediated environmental controls on global particulate and mineral-associated organic carbon storage. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17080. [PMID: 38273571 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Identifying controls on soil organic carbon (SOC) storage, and where SOC is most vulnerable to loss, are essential to managing soils for both climate change mitigation and global food security. However, we currently lack a comprehensive understanding of the global drivers of SOC storage, especially with regards to particulate (POC) and mineral-associated organic carbon (MAOC). To better understand hierarchical controls on POC and MAOC, we applied path analyses to SOC fractions, climate (i.e., mean annual temperature [MAT] and mean annual precipitation minus potential evapotranspiration [MAP-PET]), carbon (C) input (i.e., net primary production [NPP]), and soil property data synthesized from 72 published studies, along with data we generated from the National Ecological Observatory Network soil pits (n = 901 total observations). To assess the utility of investigating POC and MAOC separately in understanding SOC storage controls, we then compared these results with another path analysis predicting bulk SOC storage. We found that POC storage is negatively related to MAT and soil pH, while MAOC storage is positively related to NPP and MAP-PET, but negatively related to soil % sand. Our path analysis predicting bulk SOC revealed similar trends but explained less variation in C storage than our POC and MAOC analyses. Given that temperature and pH impose constraints on microbial decomposition, this indicates that POC is primarily controlled by SOC loss processes. In contrast, strong relationships with variables related to plant productivity constraints, moisture, and mineral surface availability for sorption indicate that MAOC is primarily controlled by climate-driven variations in C inputs to the soil, as well as C stabilization mechanisms. Altogether, these results demonstrate that global POC and MAOC storage are controlled by separate environmental variables, further justifying the need to quantify and model these C fractions separately to assess and forecast the responses of SOC storage to global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige M Hansen
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
- Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Rebecca Even
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Alison E King
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Jocelyn Lavallee
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
- Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
- Environmental Defense Fund, New York, New York, USA
| | - Meagan Schipanski
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
- Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - M Francesca Cotrufo
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
- Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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10
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Sierra CA, Ahrens B, Bolinder MA, Braakhekke MC, von Fromm S, Kätterer T, Luo Z, Parvin N, Wang G. Carbon sequestration in the subsoil and the time required to stabilize carbon for climate change mitigation. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17153. [PMID: 38273531 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Soils store large quantities of carbon in the subsoil (below 0.2 m depth) that is generally old and believed to be stabilized over centuries to millennia, which suggests that subsoil carbon sequestration (CS) can be used as a strategy for climate change mitigation. In this article, we review the main biophysical processes that contribute to carbon storage in subsoil and the main mathematical models used to represent these processes. Our guiding objective is to review whether a process understanding of soil carbon movement in the vertical profile can help us to assess carbon storage and persistence at timescales relevant for climate change mitigation. Bioturbation, liquid phase transport, belowground carbon inputs, mineral association, and microbial activity are the main processes contributing to the formation of soil carbon profiles, and these processes are represented in models using the diffusion-advection-reaction paradigm. Based on simulation examples and measurements from carbon and radiocarbon profiles across biomes, we found that advective and diffusive transport may only play a secondary role in the formation of soil carbon profiles. The difference between vertical root inputs and decomposition seems to play a primary role in determining the shape of carbon change with depth. Using the transit time of carbon to assess the timescales of carbon storage of new inputs, we show that only small quantities of new carbon inputs travel through the profile and can be stabilized for time horizons longer than 50 years, implying that activities that promote CS in the subsoil must take into consideration the very small quantities that can be stabilized in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Sierra
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Martin A Bolinder
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Sophie von Fromm
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
- Department of Environmental Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Kätterer
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Zhongkui Luo
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Nargish Parvin
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Guocheng Wang
- Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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11
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Fohrafellner J, Zechmeister-Boltenstern S, Murugan R, Keiblinger K, Spiegel H, Valkama E. Meta-analysis protocol on the effects of cover crops on pool specific soil organic carbon. MethodsX 2023; 11:102411. [PMID: 37817979 PMCID: PMC10560832 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2023.102411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Soil organic carbon (SOC) plays an important role in agricultural soils, as it contributes to overall soil health as well as climate change mitigation and adaptation. By conducting a meta-analysis, we aim to quantitatively summarize research studying the effects of cover crops (CC) on SOC pools throughout soil depths in arable cropland. We included global studies located in the climatic zones present in Europe. The pools chosen for this analysis are the particulate organic carbon (POC) and the mineral associated organic carbon (MAOC) and the microbial biomass carbon (MBC). Alongside, we will study the effects of a broad range of moderators, such as pedo-climatic factors, other agricultural management practices and CC characteristics e.g., type. We identified 71 relevant studies from 61 articles, of which mean values for SOC pools, standard deviations and sample sizes for treatments (CC) and controls (no CC) were extracted. To perform the meta-analysis, an effect size will be calculated for each study, which will then be summarized across studies by using weighing procedure. Consequently, this meta-analysis will provide valuable information on the state of knowledge on SOC pool change influenced by CC, corresponding quantitative summary results and the sources of heterogeneity influencing these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Fohrafellner
- BIOS Science Austria, Silbergasse 30, Vienna 1190, Austria
- Department of Forest- and Soil Sciences, Institute of Soil Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Peter Jordan Straße 82, Vienna 1190, Austria
| | - Sophie Zechmeister-Boltenstern
- Department of Forest- and Soil Sciences, Institute of Soil Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Peter Jordan Straße 82, Vienna 1190, Austria
| | | | - Katharina Keiblinger
- Department of Forest- and Soil Sciences, Institute of Soil Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Peter Jordan Straße 82, Vienna 1190, Austria
| | - Heide Spiegel
- Department for Soil Health and Plant Nutrition, Institute for Sustainable Plant Production, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Spargelfeldstraße 191, Vienna 1220, Austria
| | - Elena Valkama
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Bioeconomy and Environment, Sustainability Science and Indicators, Tietotie 4, Jokioinen 31600, Finland
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12
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Stoner S, Trumbore SE, González-Pérez JA, Schrumpf M, Sierra CA, Hoyt AM, Chadwick O, Doetterl S. Relating mineral-organic matter stabilization mechanisms to carbon quality and age distributions using ramped thermal analysis. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2023; 381:20230139. [PMID: 37807690 PMCID: PMC10642790 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2023.0139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Organic carbon (OC) association with soil minerals stabilizes OC on timescales reflecting the strength of mineral-C interactions. We applied ramped thermal oxidation to subsoil B horizons with different mineral-C associations to separate OC according to increasing temperature of oxidation, i.e. thermal activation energy. Generally, OC released at lower temperatures was richer in bioavailable forms like polysaccharides, while OC released at higher temperatures was more aromatic. Organic carbon associated with pedogenic oxides was released at lower temperatures and had a narrow range of 14C content. By contrast, N-rich compounds were released at higher temperatures from samples with 2 : 1 clays and short-range ordered (SRO) amorphous minerals. Temperatures of release overlapped for SRO minerals and crystalline oxides, although the mean age of OC released was older for the SRO. In soils with more mixed mineralogy, the added presence of older OC released at temperatures greater than 450°C from clays resulted in a broader distribution of OC ages within the sample, especially for soils rich in 2 : 1 layer expandable clays such as smectite. While pedogenic setting affects mineral stability and absolute OC age, mineralogy controls the structure of OC age distribution within a sample, which may provide insight into model structures and OC dynamics under changing conditions. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Radiocarbon in the Anthropocene'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane Stoner
- Department of Biogeochemical Processes, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich,8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Susan E. Trumbore
- Department of Biogeochemical Processes, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - José A. González-Pérez
- Biogeoquímica, Ecología Vegetal y Microbiana, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla, CSIC, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Marion Schrumpf
- Department of Biogeochemical Processes, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Carlos A. Sierra
- Department of Biogeochemical Processes, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Alison M. Hoyt
- Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Oliver Chadwick
- Department of Geography, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Sebastian Doetterl
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich,8092 Zurich, Switzerland
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13
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Ward EB, Polussa A, Bradford MA. Depth-dependent effects of ericoid mycorrhizal shrubs on soil carbon and nitrogen pools are accentuated under arbuscular mycorrhizal trees. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:5924-5940. [PMID: 37480162 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Plant mycorrhizal associations influence the accumulation and persistence of soil organic matter and could therefore shape ecosystem biogeochemical responses to global changes that are altering forest composition. For instance, arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) tree dominance is increasing in temperate forests, and ericoid mycorrhizal (ErM) shrubs can respond positively to canopy disturbances. Yet how shifts in the co-occurrence of trees and shrubs with different mycorrhizal associations will affect soil organic matter pools remains largely unknown. We examine the effects of ErM shrubs on soil carbon and nitrogen stocks and indicators of microbial activity at different depths across gradients of AM versus ectomycorrhizal (EcM) tree dominance in three temperate forest sites. We find that ErM shrubs strongly modulate tree mycorrhizal dominance effects. In surface soils, ErM shrubs increase particulate organic matter accumulation and weaken the positive relationship between soil organic matter stocks and indicators of microbial activity. These effects are strongest under AM trees that lack fungal symbionts that can degrade organic matter. In subsurface soil organic matter pools, by contrast, tree mycorrhizal dominance effects are stronger than those of ErM shrubs. Ectomycorrhizal tree dominance has a negative influence on particulate and mineral-associated soil organic matter pools, and these effects are stronger for nitrogen than for carbon stocks. Our findings suggest that increasing co-occurrence of ErM shrubs and AM trees will enhance particulate organic matter accumulation in surface soils by suppressing microbial activity while having little influence on mineral-associated organic matter in subsurface soils. Our study highlights the importance of considering interactions between co-occurring plant mycorrhizal types, as well as their depth-dependent effects, for projecting changes in soil carbon and nitrogen stocks in response to compositional shifts in temperate forests driven by disturbances and global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth B Ward
- The Forest School, Yale School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Environmental Science and Forestry, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- The New York Botanical Garden, The Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Alexander Polussa
- The Forest School, Yale School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Mark A Bradford
- The Forest School, Yale School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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14
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Losada M, Sobral M, Silvius KM, Varela S, Martínez Cortizas AM, Fragoso JMV. Mammal traits and soil biogeochemistry: Functional diversity relates to composition of soil organic matter. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10392. [PMID: 37600493 PMCID: PMC10433116 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammal diversity affects carbon concentration in Amazonian soils. It is known that some species traits determine carbon accumulation in organisms (e.g., size and longevity), and are also related to feeding strategies, thus linking species traits to the type of organic remains that are incorporated into the soil. Trait diversity in mammal assemblages - that is, its functional diversity - may therefore constitute another mechanism linking biodiversity to soil organic matter (SOM) accumulation. To address this hypothesis, we analyzed across 83 mammal assemblages in the Amazon biome (Guyana), the elemental (by ED-XRF and CNH analysis) and molecular (FTIR-ATR) composition of SOM of topsoils (401 samples) and trait diversity (functional richness, evenness, and divergence) for each mammal assemblage. Lower mammal functional richness but higher functional divergence were related to higher content of carbonyl and aliphatic SOM, potentially affecting SOM recalcitrance. Our results might allow the design of biodiversity management plans that consider the effect of mammal traits on carbon sequestration and accumulation in soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Losada
- EcoPast (GI‐1553), Departmento de Edafoloxía e Química Agrícola, Facultade de BioloxíaUniversidade de Santiago de CompostelaSantiago de CompostelaSpain
| | - Mar Sobral
- EcoPast (GI‐1553), Departmento de Edafoloxía e Química Agrícola, Facultade de BioloxíaUniversidade de Santiago de CompostelaSantiago de CompostelaSpain
| | - Kirsten M. Silvius
- Department of Forest Resources and Environmental ConservationVirginia TechBlacksburgVirginiaUSA
| | - Sara Varela
- MAPAS Lab, Departamento de Ecoloxía e Bioloxía AnimalUniversidade de VigoVigoSpain
| | - Antonio M. Martínez Cortizas
- CRETUS – EcoPast (GI‐1553), Departmento de Edafoloxía e Química Agrícola, Facultade de BioloxíaUniversidade de Santiago de CompostelaSantiago de CompostelaSpain
| | - José M. V. Fragoso
- Departamento de ZoologiaUniversidade de BrasíliaBrasíliaBrazil
- Institute of Biodiversity Science and SustainabilityCalifornia Academy of SciencesSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
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15
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Xiang D, Wang G, Tian J, Li W. Global patterns and edaphic-climatic controls of soil carbon decomposition kinetics predicted from incubation experiments. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2171. [PMID: 37061518 PMCID: PMC10105724 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37900-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Knowledge about global patterns of the decomposition kinetics of distinct soil organic matter (SOM) pools is crucial to robust estimates of land-atmosphere carbon fluxes under climate change. However, the current Earth system models often adopt globally-consistent reference SOM decomposition rates (kref), ignoring effects from edaphic-climate heterogeneity. Here, we compile a comprehensive set of edaphic-climatic and SOM decomposition data from published incubation experiments and employ machine-learning techniques to develop models capable of predicting the expected sizes and kref of multiple SOM pools (fast, slow, and passive). We show that soil texture dominates the turnover of the fast pools, whereas pH predominantly regulates passive SOM decomposition. This suggests that pH-sensitive bacterial decomposers might have larger effects on stable SOM decomposition than previously believed. Using these predictive models, we provide a 1-km resolution global-scale dataset of the sizes and kref of these SOM pools, which may improve global biogeochemical model parameterization and predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daifeng Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
- Institute for Water-Carbon Cycles and Carbon Neutrality, School of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Gangsheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
- Institute for Water-Carbon Cycles and Carbon Neutrality, School of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
| | - Jing Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
- Institute for Water-Carbon Cycles and Carbon Neutrality, School of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Wanyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
- Institute for Water-Carbon Cycles and Carbon Neutrality, School of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
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16
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Tang B, Rocci KS, Lehmann A, Rillig MC. Nitrogen increases soil organic carbon accrual and alters its functionality. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:1971-1983. [PMID: 36607159 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) availability has been considered as a critical factor for the cycling and storage of soil organic carbon (SOC), but effects of N enrichment on the SOC pool appear highly variable. Given the complex nature of the SOC pool, recent frameworks suggest that separating this pool into different functional components, for example, particulate organic carbon (POC) and mineral-associated organic carbon (MAOC), is of great importance for understanding and predicting SOC dynamics. Importantly, little is known about how these N-induced changes in SOC components (e.g., changes in the ratios among these fractions) would affect the functionality of the SOC pool, given the differences in nutrient density, resistance to disturbance, and turnover time between POC and MAOC pool. Here, we conducted a global meta-analysis of 803 paired observations from 98 published studies to assess the effect of N addition on these SOC components, and the ratios among these fractions. We found that N addition, on average, significantly increased POC and MAOC pools by 16.4% and 3.7%, respectively. In contrast, both the ratios of MAOC to SOC and MAOC to POC were remarkably decreased by N enrichment (4.1% and 10.1%, respectively). Increases in the POC pool were positively correlated with changes in aboveground plant biomass and with hydrolytic enzymes. However, the positive responses of MAOC to N enrichment were correlated with increases in microbial biomass. Our results suggest that although reactive N deposition could facilitate soil C sequestration to some extent, it might decrease the nutrient density, turnover time, and resistance to disturbance of the SOC pool. Our study provides mechanistic insights into the effects of N enrichment on the SOC pool and its functionality at global scale, which is pivotal for understanding soil C dynamics especially in future scenarios with more frequent and severe perturbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Tang
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Katherine S Rocci
- Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Anika Lehmann
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias C Rillig
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany
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17
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Losada M, Martínez Cortizas AM, Silvius KM, Varela S, Raab TK, Fragoso JM, Sobral M. Mammal and tree diversity accumulate different types of soil organic matter in the northern Amazon. iScience 2023; 26:106088. [PMID: 36915677 PMCID: PMC10006633 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Diversity of plants and animals influence soil carbon through their contributions to soil organic matter (SOM). However, we do not know whether mammal and tree communities affect SOM composition in the same manner. This question is relevant because not all forms of carbon are equally resistant to mineralization by microbes and thus, relevant to carbon storage. We analyzed the elemental and molecular composition of 401 soil samples, with relation to the species richness of 83 mammal and tree communities at a landscape scale across 4.8 million hectares in the northern Amazon. We found opposite effects of mammal and tree richness over SOM composition. Mammal diversity is related to SOM rich in nitrogen, sulfur and iron whereas tree diversity is related to SOM rich in aliphatic and carbonyl compounds. These results help us to better understand the role of biodiversity in the carbon cycle and its implications for climate change mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Losada
- CRETUS - EcoPast (GI-1553), Departmento de Edafoloxía e Química Agrícola, Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Antonio M. Martínez Cortizas
- CRETUS - EcoPast (GI-1553), Departmento de Edafoloxía e Química Agrícola, Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kirsten M. Silvius
- Department of Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation, Virginia Tech University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Sara Varela
- MAPAS Lab, Departamento de Ecoloxía e Bioloxía Animal, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Ted K. Raab
- Carnegie Institution for Science, Deparment of Global Ecology, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jose M.V. Fragoso
- Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade de Brasılia, Brasılia, DF 70910-900, Brazil
- Institute of Biodiversity Science and Sustainability, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA
| | - Mar Sobral
- CRETUS - EcoPast (GI-1553), Departmento de Edafoloxía e Química Agrícola, Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Corresponding author
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18
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Hicks Pries CE, Lankau R, Ingham GA, Legge E, Krol O, Forrester J, Fitch A, Wurzburger N. Differences in soil organic matter between EcM- and AM-dominated forests depend on tree and fungal identity. Ecology 2023; 104:e3929. [PMID: 36424763 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
As global change shifts the species composition of forests, we need to understand which species characteristics affect soil organic matter (SOM) cycling to predict future soil carbon (C) storage. Recently, whether a tree species forms a symbiosis with arbuscular (AM) versus ectomycorrhizal (EcM) fungi has been suggested as a strong predictor of soil C storage, but there is wide variability within EcM systems. In this study, we investigated how mycorrhizal associations and the species composition of canopy trees and mycorrhizal fungi related to the proportion of soil C and nitrogen (N) in mineral associations and soil C:N across four sites representing distinct climates and tree communities in the eastern US broadleaf forest biome. In two of our sites, we found the expected relationship of declining mineral-associated C and N and increasing soil C:N ratios as the basal area of EcM-associating trees increased. However, across all sites these soil properties strongly correlated with canopy tree and fungal species composition. Sites where the expected pattern with EcM basal area was observed were (1) dominated by trees with lower quality litter in the Pinaceae and Fagaceae families and (2) dominated by EcM fungi with medium-distance exploration type hyphae, melanized tissues, and the potential to produce peroxidases. This observational study demonstrates that differences in SOM between AM and EcM systems are dependent on the taxa of trees and EcM fungi involved. Important information is lost when the rich mycorrhizal symbiosis is reduced to two categories.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Richard Lankau
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | - Eva Legge
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Owen Krol
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Jodi Forrester
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Amelia Fitch
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Nina Wurzburger
- Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
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19
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Zhang Z, Kaye JP, Bradley BA, Amsili JP, Suseela V. Cover crop functional types differentially alter the content and composition of soil organic carbon in particulate and mineral-associated fractions. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:5831-5848. [PMID: 35713156 PMCID: PMC9545985 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Cover crops (CCs) can increase soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration by providing additional OC residues, recruiting beneficial soil microbiota, and improving soil aggregation and structure. The various CC species that belong to distinct plant functional types (PFTs) may differentially impact SOC formation and stabilization. Biogeochemical theory suggests that selection of PFTs with distinct litter quality (C:N ratio) should influence the pathways and magnitude of SOC sequestration. Yet, we lack knowledge on the effect of CCs from different PFTs on the quantity and composition of physiochemical pools of SOC. We sampled soils under monocultures of three CC PFTs (legume [crimson clover]; grass [triticale]; and brassica [canola]) and a mixture of these three species, from a long-term CC experiment in Pennsylvania, USA. We measured C content in bulk soil and C content and composition in contrasting physical fractions: particulate organic matter, POM; and mineral-associated organic matter, MAOM. The bulk SOC content was higher in all CC treatments compared to the fallow. Compared to the legume, monocultures of grass and brassica with lower litter quality (wider C:N) had higher proportion of plant-derived C in POM, indicating selective preservation of complex structural plant compounds. In contrast, soils under legumes had greater accumulation of microbial-derived C in MAOM. Our results for the first time, revealed that the mixture contributed to a higher concentration of plant-derived compounds in POM relative to the legume, and a greater accumulation of microbial-derived C in MAOM compared to monocultures of grass and brassica. Mixtures with all three PFTs can thus increase the short- and long-term SOC persistence balancing the contrasting effects on the chemistries in POM and MAOM imposed by monoculture CC PFTs. Thus, despite different cumulative C inputs in CC treatments from different PFTs, the total SOC stocks did not vary between CC PFTs, rather PFTs impacted whether C accumulated in POM or MAOM fractions. This highlights that CCs of different PFTs may shift the dominant SOC formation pathways (POM vs. MAOM), subsequently impacting short- and long-term SOC stabilization and stocks. Our work provides a strong applied field test of biogeochemical theory linking litter quality to pathways of C accrual in soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziliang Zhang
- Department of Plant & Environmental SciencesClemson UniversityClemsonSouth CarolinaUSA
- Institute for Sustainability, Energy, and EnvironmentUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaILUSA
| | - Jason P. Kaye
- Department of Ecosystem Science & ManagementPennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Brosi A. Bradley
- Department of Ecosystem Science & ManagementPennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Joseph P. Amsili
- Department of Ecosystem Science & ManagementPennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPennsylvaniaUSA
- Section of Soil and Crop Sciences, School of Integrative Plant ScienceCornell UniversityIthacaNYUSA
| | - Vidya Suseela
- Department of Plant & Environmental SciencesClemson UniversityClemsonSouth CarolinaUSA
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Ward EB, Duguid MC, Kuebbing SE, Lendemer JC, Bradford MA. The functional role of ericoid mycorrhizal plants and fungi on carbon and nitrogen dynamics in forests. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 235:1701-1718. [PMID: 35704030 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ericoid mycorrhizal (ErM) shrubs commonly occur in forest understories and could therefore alter arbuscular (AM) and/or ectomycorrhizal (EcM) tree effects on soil carbon and nitrogen dynamics. Specifically, ErM fungi have extensive organic matter decay capabilities, and ErM plant and fungal tissues have high concentrations of secondary compounds that can form persistent complexes in the soil. Together, these traits could contribute to organic matter accumulation and inorganic nutrient limitation. These effects could also differ in AM- vs EcM-dominated stands at multiple scales within and among forest biomes by, for instance, altering fungal guild interactions. Most work on ErM effects in forests has been conducted in boreal forests dominated by EcM trees. However, ErM plants occur in c. 96, 69 and 29% of boreal, temperate and tropical forests, respectively. Within tropical montane forests, the effects of ErM plants could be particularly pronounced because their traits are more distinct from AM than EcM trees. Because ErM fungi can function as free-living saprotrophs, they could also be more resilient to forest disturbances than obligate symbionts. Further consideration of ErM effects within and among forest biomes could improve our understanding of how cooccurring mycorrhizal types interact to collectively affect soil carbon and nitrogen dynamics under changing conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth B Ward
- The Forest School, Yale School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
- The New York Botanical Garden, The Bronx, NY, 10458, USA
| | - Marlyse C Duguid
- The Forest School, Yale School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Sara E Kuebbing
- The Forest School, Yale School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | | | - Mark A Bradford
- The Forest School, Yale School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
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Sokol NW, Whalen ED, Jilling A, Kallenbach C, Pett‐Ridge J, Georgiou K. The Global Distribution, Formation, and Fate of Mineral‐Associated Soil Organic Matter Under a Changing Climate – A Trait‐Based Perspective. Funct Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.14040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Noah W. Sokol
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Livermore California USA
| | - Emily D. Whalen
- Department of Natural Resources and the En]vironment University of New Hampshire Durham New Hampshire USA
| | - Andrea Jilling
- College of Agriculture Oklahoma State University Stillwater Oklahoma USA
| | - Cynthia Kallenbach
- Department of Natural Resources Sciences McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Jennifer Pett‐Ridge
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Livermore California USA
- Life & Environmental Sciences Department University of California Merced Merced California USA
| | - Katerina Georgiou
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Livermore California USA
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