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Yang L, Canarini A, Zhang W, Lang M, Chen Y, Cui Z, Kuzyakov Y, Richter A, Chen X, Zhang F, Tian J. Microbial life-history strategies mediate microbial carbon pump efficacy in response to N management depending on stoichiometry of microbial demand. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17311. [PMID: 38742695 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
The soil microbial carbon pump (MCP) is increasingly acknowledged as being directly linked to soil organic carbon (SOC) accumulation and stability. Given the close coupling of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycles and the constraints imposed by their stoichiometry on microbial growth, N addition might affect microbial growth strategies with potential consequences for necromass formation and carbon stability. However, this topic remains largely unexplored. Based on two multi-level N fertilizer experiments over 10 years in two soils with contrasting soil fertility located in the North (Cambisol, carbon-poor) and Southwest (Luvisol, carbon-rich), we hypothesized that different resource demands of microorganism elicit a trade-off in microbial growth potential (Y-strategy) and resource-acquisition (A-strategy) in response to N addition, and consequently on necromass formation and soil carbon stability. We combined measurements of necromass metrics (MCP efficacy) and soil carbon stability (chemical composition and mineral associated organic carbon) with potential changes in microbial life history strategies (assessed via soil metagenomes and enzymatic activity analyses). The contribution of microbial necromass to SOC decreased with N addition in the Cambisol, but increased in the Luvisol. Soil microbial life strategies displayed two distinct responses in two soils after N amendment: shift toward A-strategy (Cambisol) or Y-strategy (Luvisol). These divergent responses are owing to the stoichiometric imbalance between microbial demands and resource availability for C and N, which presented very distinct patterns in the two soils. The partial correlation analysis further confirmed that high N addition aggravated stoichiometric carbon demand, shifting the microbial community strategy toward resource-acquisition which reduced carbon stability in Cambisol. In contrast, the microbial Y-strategy had the positive direct effect on MCP efficacy in Luvisol, which greatly enhanced carbon stability. Such findings provide mechanistic insights into the stoichiometric regulation of MCP efficacy, and how this is mediated by site-specific trade-offs in microbial life strategies, which contribute to improving our comprehension of soil microbial C sequestration and potential optimization of agricultural N management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Alberto Canarini
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wushuai Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Academy of Agricultural Science, Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ming Lang
- College of Resources and Environment, Academy of Agricultural Science, Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuanxue Chen
- College of Resources and Environment, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhenling Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yakov Kuzyakov
- Department of Soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Richter
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Xinping Chen
- College of Resources and Environment, Academy of Agricultural Science, Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fusuo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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2
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Wang C, Kuzyakov Y. "Energy and enthalpy" for microbial energetics in soil. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17184. [PMID: 38375609 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Energy is the driver of all microbial processes in soil. The changes in Gibbs energy are equal to the enthalpy changes during all processes in soil because these processes are ongoing under constant pressure and volume-without work generation. The enthalpy change by transformation of individual organic compounds or of complex organic matter in soil can be exactly quantified by the nominal oxidation state of carbon changes. Consequently, microbial energy use efficiency can be assessed by the complete combustion enthalpy of organic compounds when microorganisms use O2 as the terminal electron acceptor for microbial processes under aerobic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China
- Biogeochemistry of Agroecosystems, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Yakov Kuzyakov
- Department of Soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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3
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Guo Z, Qiang W, He J, Han X, Tan X, Ludwig B, Shen W, Kuzyakov Y, Gunina A. Nitrogen deposition raises temperature sensitivity of soil organic matter decomposition in subtropical forest. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 907:167925. [PMID: 37863215 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Subtropical ecosystems are strongly affected by nitrogen (N) deposition, impacting soil organic matter (SOM) availability and stocks. Here we aimed to reveal the effects of N deposition on i) the structure and functioning of microbial communities and ii) the temperature sensitivity (Q10) of SOM decomposition. Phosphorus (P) limited evergreen forest in Guangdong Province, southeastern China, was selected, and N deposition (factor level: N (100 kg N ha-1 y-1 (NH4NO3)) and control (water), arranged into randomized complete block design (n = 3)) was performed during 2.5 y. After that soils from 0 to 20 cm were collected, analyzed for the set of parameters and incubated at 15, and 25, and 35 °C for 112 days. N deposition increased the microbial biomass N and the content of fungal and Gram-positive bacterial biomarkers; activities of beta-glucosidase (BG) and acid phosphatase (ACP) also increased showing the intensification of SOM decomposition. The Q10 of SOM decomposition under N deposition was 1.66 and increased by 1.4 times than under control. Xylosidase (BX), BG, and ACP activities increased with temperature under N but decreased with the incubation duration, indicating either low production and/or decomposition of enzymes. Activities of polyphenol-(PPO) and peroxidases (POD) were higher under N than in the control soil and were constant during the incubation showing the intensification of recalcitrant SOM decomposition. At the early incubation stage (10 days), the increase of Q10 of CO2 efflux was explained by the activities of BX, BQ, ACP, and POD and the quality of the available dissolved organic matter pool. At the later incubation stages (112 days), the drop of Q10 of CO2 efflux was due to the depletion of the labile organic substances and the shift of microbial community structure to K-strategists. Thus, N deposition decoupled the effects of extracellular enzyme activities from microbial community structure on Q10 of SOM decomposition in the subtropical forest soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiming Guo
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Department of Environmental Chemistry, University of Kassel, 37213 Witzenhausen, Germany
| | - Wei Qiang
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Department of Environmental Chemistry, University of Kassel, 37213 Witzenhausen, Germany
| | - Jinhong He
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Xiaoge Han
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Xiangping Tan
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Bernard Ludwig
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, University of Kassel, 37213 Witzenhausen, Germany
| | - Weijun Shen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China.
| | - Yakov Kuzyakov
- Department of Soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems, Department of Agricultural Soil Science, Georg-August-University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany; Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Gunina
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, University of Kassel, 37213 Witzenhausen, Germany; Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia; Tyumen State University, 6 Volodarskogo Street, 625003 Tyumen, Russia.
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4
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Qu L, Wang C, Manzoni S, Dacal M, Maestre FT, Bai E. Stronger compensatory thermal adaptation of soil microbial respiration with higher substrate availability. THE ISME JOURNAL 2024; 18:wrae025. [PMID: 38366058 PMCID: PMC10945366 DOI: 10.1093/ismejo/wrae025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Ongoing global warming is expected to augment soil respiration by increasing the microbial activity, driving self-reinforcing feedback to climate change. However, the compensatory thermal adaptation of soil microorganisms and substrate depletion may weaken the effects of rising temperature on soil respiration. To test this hypothesis, we collected soils along a large-scale forest transect in eastern China spanning a natural temperature gradient, and we incubated the soils at different temperatures with or without substrate addition. We combined the exponential thermal response function and a data-driven model to study the interaction effect of thermal adaptation and substrate availability on microbial respiration and compared our results to those from two additional continental and global independent datasets. Modeled results suggested that the effect of thermal adaptation on microbial respiration was greater in areas with higher mean annual temperatures, which is consistent with the compensatory response to warming. In addition, the effect of thermal adaptation on microbial respiration was greater under substrate addition than under substrate depletion, which was also true for the independent datasets reanalyzed using our approach. Our results indicate that thermal adaptation in warmer regions could exert a more pronounced negative impact on microbial respiration when the substrate availability is abundant. These findings improve the body of knowledge on how substrate availability influences the soil microbial community-temperature interactions, which could improve estimates of projected soil carbon losses to the atmosphere through respiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingrui Qu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Silviculture, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China
| | - Chao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Silviculture, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China
- Key Laboratory of Terrestrial Ecosystem Carbon Neutrality, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China
| | - Stefano Manzoni
- Department of Physical Geography and Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, 10691, Sweden
| | - Marina Dacal
- Instituto Multidisciplinar para el Estudio del Medio ‘Ramón Margalef’, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, 03690, Spain
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Biology, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Fernando T Maestre
- Instituto Multidisciplinar para el Estudio del Medio ‘Ramón Margalef’, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, 03690, Spain
- Departamento de Ecología, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, 03690, Spain
| | - Edith Bai
- Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security of Changbai Mountains, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, China
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, China
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5
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Wang C, Kuzyakov Y. Mechanisms and implications of bacterial-fungal competition for soil resources. THE ISME JOURNAL 2024; 18:wrae073. [PMID: 38691428 PMCID: PMC11104273 DOI: 10.1093/ismejo/wrae073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Elucidating complex interactions between bacteria and fungi that determine microbial community structure, composition, and functions in soil, as well as regulate carbon (C) and nutrient fluxes, is crucial to understand biogeochemical cycles. Among the various interactions, competition for resources is the main factor determining the adaptation and niche differentiation between these two big microbial groups in soil. This is because C and energy limitations for microbial growth are a rule rather than an exception. Here, we review the C and energy demands of bacteria and fungi-the two major kingdoms in soil-the mechanisms of their competition for these and other resources, leading to niche differentiation, and the global change impacts on this competition. The normalized microbial utilization preference showed that bacteria are 1.4-5 times more efficient in the uptake of simple organic compounds as substrates, whereas fungi are 1.1-4.1 times more effective in utilizing complex compounds. Accordingly, bacteria strongly outcompete fungi for simple substrates, while fungi take advantage of complex compounds. Bacteria also compete with fungi for the products released during the degradation of complex substrates. Based on these specifics, we differentiated spatial, temporal, and chemical niches for these two groups in soil. The competition will increase under the main five global changes including elevated CO2, N deposition, soil acidification, global warming, and drought. Elevated CO2, N deposition, and warming increase bacterial dominance, whereas soil acidification and drought increase fungal competitiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqun Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, China
- Biogeochemistry of Agroecosystems, University of Göttingen, Göttingen 37077, Germany
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T1Z4, Canada
| | - Yakov Kuzyakov
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, China
- Department of Soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems, University of Göttingen, Göttingen 37077, Germany
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6
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Chang Y, Sokol NW, van Groenigen KJ, Bradford MA, Ji D, Crowther TW, Liang C, Luo Y, Kuzyakov Y, Wang J, Ding F. A stoichiometric approach to estimate sources of mineral-associated soil organic matter. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17092. [PMID: 38273481 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Mineral-associated soil organic matter (MAOM) is the largest, slowest cycling pool of carbon (C) in the terrestrial biosphere. MAOM is primarily derived from plant and microbial sources, yet the relative contributions of these two sources to MAOM remain unresolved. Resolving this issue is essential for managing and modeling soil carbon responses to environmental change. Microbial biomarkers, particularly amino sugars, are the primary method used to estimate microbial versus plant contributions to MAOM, despite systematic biases associated with these estimates. There is a clear need for independent lines of evidence to help determine the relative importance of plant versus microbial contributions to MAOM. Here, we synthesized 288 datasets of C/N ratios for MAOM, particulate organic matter (POM), and microbial biomass across the soils of forests, grasslands, and croplands. Microbial biomass is the source of microbial residues that form MAOM, whereas the POM pool is the direct precursor of plant residues that form MAOM. We then used a stoichiometric approach-based on two-pool, isotope-mixing models-to estimate the proportional contribution of plant residue (POM) versus microbial sources to the MAOM pool. Depending on the assumptions underlying our approach, microbial inputs accounted for between 34% and 47% of the MAOM pool, whereas plant residues contributed 53%-66%. Our results therefore challenge the existing hypothesis that microbial contributions are the dominant constituents of MAOM. We conclude that biogeochemical theory and models should account for multiple pathways of MAOM formation, and that multiple independent lines of evidence are required to resolve where and when plant versus microbial contributions are dominant in MAOM formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Chang
- College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Noah W Sokol
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California, USA
| | - Kees Jan van Groenigen
- Department of Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Mark A Bradford
- Yale School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Dechang Ji
- College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Thomas W Crowther
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Chao Liang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Yiqi Luo
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Yakov Kuzyakov
- Department of Soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems, Georg-August University of Göettingen, Göettingen, Germany
- Department of Agricultural Soil Science, Georg-August University of Göettingen, Göettingen, Germany
- Agro-Technological Institute, Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Jingkuan Wang
- College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Fan Ding
- College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
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7
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Ray AE, Tribbia DZ, Cowan DA, Ferrari BC. Clearing the air: unraveling past and guiding future research in atmospheric chemosynthesis. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2023; 87:e0004823. [PMID: 37914532 PMCID: PMC10732025 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00048-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY Atmospheric chemosynthesis is a recently proposed form of chemoautotrophic microbial primary production. The proposed process relies on the oxidation of trace concentrations of hydrogen (≤530 ppbv), carbon monoxide (≤90 ppbv), and methane (≤1,870 ppbv) gases using high-affinity enzymes. Atmospheric hydrogen and carbon monoxide oxidation have been primarily linked to microbial growth in desert surface soils scarce in liquid water and organic nutrients, and low in photosynthetic communities. It is well established that the oxidation of trace hydrogen and carbon monoxide gases widely supports the persistence of microbial communities in a diminished metabolic state, with the former potentially providing a reliable source of metabolic water. Microbial atmospheric methane oxidation also occurs in oligotrophic desert soils and is widespread throughout copiotrophic environments, with established links to microbial growth. Despite these findings, the direct link between trace gas oxidation and carbon fixation remains disputable. Here, we review the supporting evidence, outlining major gaps in our understanding of this phenomenon, and propose approaches to validate atmospheric chemosynthesis as a primary production process. We also explore the implications of this minimalistic survival strategy in terms of nutrient cycling, climate change, aerobiology, and astrobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelique E. Ray
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Australian Centre for Astrobiology, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Dana Z. Tribbia
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Australian Centre for Astrobiology, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Don A. Cowan
- Centre for Microbial Ecology and Genomics, Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Belinda C. Ferrari
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Australian Centre for Astrobiology, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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8
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Mo X, Zhang Z, Li Y, Chen X, Zhou S, Liu J, Wu B, Chen S, Zhang M. Inhibition of Spartina alterniflora growth alters soil bacteria and their regulation of carbon metabolism. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 236:116771. [PMID: 37516267 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
The state of growth of invasive species has a significant impact on the microbial regulation of the soil carbon (C) cycle. This study focused on the growth of Spartina alterniflora treated with imazapyr in the Tiaozini wetland of Jiangsu Province, China. The changes in soil bacterial structure, bacterial C metabolic activity, soil C, and regulation mechanism of soil C metabolic activity by biotic and abiotic factors were investigated. The results showed that soil bacterial diversity eventually decreased significantly (p < 0.05) along with significant changes in microbial structure (p < 0.05). Significant changes in soil physicochemical properties due to S. alterniflora growth inhibition were the key factors affecting the changes in the soil bacterial taxa composition (p < 0.05). Abiotic factors showed a greater effect on metabolic activities related to C fixation and biosynthesis of bacterial taxa than biotic factors (self-regulation). Additionally, bacterial taxa regulated soil C emission and degradation to a greater extent than abiotic factors. This study provides important information for understanding the regulators of C cycling in coastal wetland soil during the control of S. alterniflora invasion by imazapyr; moreover, it provides a scientific basis for the government to establish a prevention and control policy for S. alterniflora invasion. Understanding the complex interplay between abiotic and biotic factors is essential for developing effective strategies to manage soil C and mitigate the impacts of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Mo
- College of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zhenming Zhang
- College of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yi Li
- College of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xuanming Chen
- College of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Shijun Zhou
- College of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jiakai Liu
- College of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Bo Wu
- Beijing Top Green Ecological Technology Limited Company, Beijing, 100005, China
| | | | - Mingxiang Zhang
- College of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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9
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Wang C, Kuzyakov Y. Energy use efficiency of soil microorganisms: Driven by carbon recycling and reduction. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:6170-6187. [PMID: 37646316 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Carbon use efficiency (CUE) is being intensively applied to quantify carbon (C) cycling processes from microbial cell to global scales. Energy use efficiency (EUE) is at least as important as the CUE because (i) microorganisms use organic C mainly as an energy source and not as elemental C per se, and (ii) microbial growth and maintenance are limited by energy, but not by C as a structural element. We conceptualize and review the importance of EUE by soil microorganisms and focus on (i) the energy content in organic compounds depending on the nominal oxidation state of carbon (NOSC), (ii) approaches to assess EUE, (iii) similarities and differences between CUE and EUE, and (iv) discuss mechanisms responsible for lower EUE compared to CUE. The energy content per C atom (enthalpy of combustion, the total energy stored in a compound) in organic compounds is very closely (R2 = 0.98) positively related to NOSC and increases by 108 kJ mol-1 C per one NOSC unit. For the first time we assessed the NOSC of microbial biomass in soil (-0.52) and calculated the corresponding energy content of -510 kJ mol-1 C. We linked CUE and EUE considering the NOSC of microbial biomass and element compositions of substrates utilized by microorganisms. The mean microbial EUE (0.32-0.35) is 18% lower than CUE (0.41) using glucose as a substrate. This definitely indicates that microbial growth is limited by energy relative to C. Based on the comparison of a broad range of processes of C and energy utilization for cell growth and maintenance, as well as database of experimental CUE from various compounds, we clearly explained five mechanisms and main factors why EUE is lower than CUE. The two main mechanisms behind lower EUE versus CUE are: (i) microbial recycling: C can be microbially recycled, whereas energy is always utilized only once, and (ii) chemical reduction of organic and inorganic compounds: Energy is used for reduction, which is ongoing without C utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqun Wang
- Biogeochemistry of Agroecosystems, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Yakov Kuzyakov
- Department of Soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems, Department of Agricultural Soil Science, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
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10
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Cheng K, Wang X, Fu L, Wang W, Liu M, Sun B. Interaction between dissolved organic carbon and fungal network governs carbon mineralization in paddy soil under co-incorporation of green manure and biochar. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1233465. [PMID: 37675431 PMCID: PMC10477716 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1233465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Legume crops in rice cultivation are typically rotated and incorporated into the soil as green manure to improve soil fertility. Biochar has recently been co-incorporated with green manure to simultaneously stimulate soil organic carbon (SOC) mineralization and increase carbon (C) sequestration. However, few studies examine the effects of the co-incorporation of biochar and green manure on C cycling and the underlying microbial mechanisms in paddy fields. In this study, the effects of the co-incorporation of green manure and biochar on C mineralization, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) characteristics, and microbial community structures were investigated. A pot study was conducted with three treatments: inorganic NPK (NPK), inorganic NPK + green manure (GM), and inorganic NPK + green manure + biochar (GMC). Organic amendments significantly increased cumulative C mineralization, with amounts in the order GMC (3,434 mg·kg-1) > GM (2,934 mg·kg-1) > NPK (2,592 mg·kg-1). Fertilizer treatments had similar effects on DOC concentrations, with amounts in the order GMC (279 mg·kg-1) > GM (255 mg·kg-1) > NPK (193 mg·kg-1). According to fluorescence spectra, the highest microbial humic acid-like fraction and biological index were also in GMC. Co-incorporation of green manure and biochar shifted the composition of bacterial and fungal communities but more importantly, increased fungal network complexity and decreased bacterial network complexity. The increase in fungal network complexity with the increase in DOC concentrations and microbially derived components was the dominant factor in promoting C mineralization. Overall, this study reveals the underlying biochemical mechanism, the interaction between DOC and fungal network of C cycling in paddy soil under the co-incorporation of green manure and biochar management, and provides fundamental knowledge for exploring effective approaches to improve soil fertility and health in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Basin Agricultural Resource and Ecology of Jiangxi Province, College of Land Resource and Environment, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoyue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Libo Fu
- Agricultural Environment and Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Agricultural Environment and Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Ming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Bo Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
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Zhang C, Sun L, Rui Y, Li Y, Luo Y, Xu M, Cai A. Do not ignore the effects of phosphorus and potassium addition on microbial carbon use efficiency. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023. [PMID: 37424162 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
P or PK addition significantly affected microbial CUE. No significant linear correlation between respiration rates and microbial CUE under N addition when NP and NPK addition were excluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Nutrient Resources, Institute of ECO-Environment and Industrial Technology, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Liyang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Nutrient Resources, Institute of ECO-Environment and Industrial Technology, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yichao Rui
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Yue Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yiqi Luo
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Minggang Xu
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Nutrient Resources, Institute of ECO-Environment and Industrial Technology, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Andong Cai
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Zhou R, Liu Y, Dungait JAJ, Kumar A, Wang J, Tiemann LK, Zhang F, Kuzyakov Y, Tian J. Microbial necromass in cropland soils: A global meta-analysis of management effects. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:1998-2014. [PMID: 36751727 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Microbial necromass is a large and persistent component of soil organic carbon (SOC), especially under croplands. The effects of cropland management on microbial necromass accumulation and its contribution to SOC have been measured in individual studies but have not yet been summarized on the global scale. We conducted a meta-analysis of 481-paired measurements from cropland soils to examine the management effects on microbial necromass and identify the optimal conditions for its accumulation. Nitrogen fertilization increased total microbial necromass C by 12%, cover crops by 14%, no or reduced tillage (NT/RT) by 20%, manure by 21%, and straw amendment by 21%. Microbial necromass accumulation was independent of biochar addition. NT/RT and straw amendment increased fungal necromass and its contribution to SOC more than bacterial necromass. Manure increased bacterial necromass higher than fungal, leading to decreased ratio of fungal-to-bacterial necromass. Greater microbial necromass increases after straw amendments were common under semi-arid and in cool climates in soils with pH <8, and were proportional to the amount of straw input. In contrast, NT/RT increased microbial necromass mainly under warm and humid climates. Manure application increased microbial necromass irrespective of soil properties and climate. Management effects were especially strong when applied during medium (3-10 years) to long (10+ years) periods to soils with larger initial SOC contents, but were absent in sandy soils. Close positive links between microbial biomass, necromass and SOC indicate the important role of stabilized microbial products for C accrual. Microbial necromass contribution to SOC increment (accumulation efficiency) under NT/RT, cover crops, manure and straw amendment ranged from 45% to 52%, which was 9%-16% larger than under N fertilization. In summary, long-term cropland management increases SOC by enhancing microbial necromass accumulation, and optimizing microbial necromass accumulation and its contribution to SOC sequestration requires site-specific management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranran Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Jennifer A J Dungait
- Carbon Management Centre, SRUC-Scotland's Rural College, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Amit Kumar
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Jinsong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lisa K Tiemann
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Fusuo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yakov Kuzyakov
- Department of Soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jing Tian
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
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