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Zhong R, Yan K, Gao S, Yang K, Zhao S, Ma X, Zhu P, Fan L, Yin G. Response of grassland growing season length to extreme climatic events on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 909:168488. [PMID: 37972770 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Extreme Climatic Events (ECEs) are increasing in intensity, frequency, and duration as the earth warms, which greatly affects the vegetation phenology. However, the response of vegetation phenology to different types of ECEs (e.g., extreme hot, extreme cold, extreme drought, and extreme wet) has not been extensively studied. To fill this knowledge gap, we investigated the relationship between the length of growing season (LOS) of grassland and ECEs on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP). First, we analyzed the spatial distribution and interannual trends of phenology based on the MODIS Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). Second, we used Coincidence Rate (CR) analysis to quantify the relationship between LOS anomalies and ECEs. Finally, we analyzed the sensitivity of LOS to the intensity of ECEs. The results indicated that the spatial distribution of LOS was closely related to local hydrothermal conditions, with longer LOS in places with more precipitation or higher temperatures during the growing season, and LOS extended by 0.28 days/year from 2000 to 2022. Moreover, we found that the CR of negative LOS anomalies to ECEs notably exhibited variations along climatic gradients, with higher CR to extreme hot generally occurring in warmer areas. Meanwhile, the CR of extreme wet increased while the CR of extreme drought decreased with increasing precipitation. We also found that the sensitivity of LOS to ECEs changed more markedly, along the climatic gradients, in alpine ecoregions compared to temperate ecoregions. Overall, the sensitivities of LOS ranked in descending order of absolute sensitivity to extreme drought, extreme wet, extreme hot, and extreme cold. This study furthers our understanding of the grassland response to ECEs under different hydrothermal conditions, which can provide valuable reference for the management and conservation of grassland ecosystems in QTP under future climate change scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run Zhong
- Innovation Research Center of Satellite Application (IRCSA), Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; School of Land Science and Techniques, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Kai Yan
- Innovation Research Center of Satellite Application (IRCSA), Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; School of Land Science and Techniques, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Si Gao
- Innovation Research Center of Satellite Application (IRCSA), Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; School of Land Science and Techniques, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Kai Yang
- Innovation Research Center of Satellite Application (IRCSA), Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; School of Land Science and Techniques, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shuang Zhao
- Innovation Research Center of Satellite Application (IRCSA), Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xuanlong Ma
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - Peng Zhu
- Institute for Climate and Carbon Neutrality, Department of Geography, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Lei Fan
- Chongqing Jinfo Mountain Karst Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Gaofei Yin
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
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Tian J, Luo X, Xu H, Green JK, Tang H, Wu J, Piao S. Slower changes in vegetation phenology than precipitation seasonality in the dry tropics. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17134. [PMID: 38273503 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
The dry tropics occupy ~40% of the tropical land surface and play a dominant role in the trend and interannual variability of the global carbon cycle. Previous studies have reported considerable changes in the dry tropical precipitation seasonality due to climate change, however, the accompanied changes in the length of the vegetation growing season (LGS)-the key period of carbon sequestration-have not been examined. Here, we used long-term satellite observations along with in-situ flux measurements to investigate phenological changes in the dry tropics over the past 40 years. We found that only ~18% of the dry tropics show a significant (p ≤ .1) increasing trend in LGS, while ~13% show a significant decreasing trend. The direction of the LGS change depended not only on the direction of precipitation seasonality change but also on the vegetation water use strategy (i.e. isohydricity) as an adaptation to the long-term average precipitation seasonality (i.e. whether the most of LGS is in the wet season or dry season). Meanwhile, we found that the rate of LGS change was on average ~23% slower than that of precipitation seasonality, caused by a buffering effect from soil moisture. This study uncovers potential mechanisms driving phenological changes in the dry tropics, offering guidance for regional vegetation and carbon cycle studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Tian
- Department of Geography, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xiangzhong Luo
- Department of Geography, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Center for Nature-based Climate Solutions, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hao Xu
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Julia K Green
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Hao Tang
- Department of Geography, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Center for Nature-based Climate Solutions, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jin Wu
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute for Climate and Carbon Neutrality, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shilong Piao
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Li Y, Tao J, Zhang Y, Shi K, Chang J, Pan M, Song L, Jeppesen E, Zhou Q. Urbanization shifts long-term phenology and severity of phytoplankton blooms in an urban lake through different pathways. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:4983-4999. [PMID: 37353861 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
Climate change can induce phytoplankton blooms (PBs) in eutrophic lakes worldwide, and these blooms severely threaten lake ecosystems and human health. However, it is unclear how urbanization and its interaction with climate impact PBs, which has implications for the management of lakes. Here, we used multi-source remote sensing data and integrated the Virtual-Baseline Floating macroAlgae Height (VB-FAH) index and OTSU threshold automatic segmentation algorithm to extract the area of PBs in Lake Dianchi, China, which has been subjected to frequent PBs and rapid urbanization in its vicinity. We further explored long-term (2000-2021) trends in the phenological and severity metrics of PBs and quantified the contributions from urbanization, climate change, and also nutrient levels to these trends. When comparing data from 2011-2021 to 2000-2010, we found significantly advanced initiation of PBs (28.6 days) and noticeably longer duration (51.9 days) but an insignificant trend in time of disappearance. The enhancement of algal nutrient use efficiency, likely induced by increased water temperature and reduced nutrient concentrations, presumably contributed to an earlier initiation and longer duration of PBs, while there was a negative correlation between spring wind speed and the initiation of PBs. Fortunately, we found that both the area of the PBs and the frequency of severe blooms (covering more than 19.8 km2 ) demonstrated downward trends, which could be attributed to increased wind speed and/or reduced nutrient levels. Moreover, the enhanced land surface temperature caused by urbanization altered the thermodynamic characteristics between the land and the lake, which, in turn, possibly caused an increase in local wind speed and water temperature, suggesting that urbanization can differently regulate the phenology and severity of PBs. Our findings have significant implications for the understanding of the impacts of urbanization on PB dynamics and for improving lake management practices to promote sustainable urban development under global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanrui Li
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Juan Tao
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Transboundary Eco-Security, Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Yunlin Zhang
- Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research, State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Kun Shi
- Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research, State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Junjun Chang
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Min Pan
- Dianchi Lake Ecosystem Observation and Research Station of Yunnan Province, Kunming Dianchi and Plateau Lakes Institute, Kunming, China
| | - Lirong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Erik Jeppesen
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Sino-Danish Centre for Education and Research, Beijing, China
- Limnology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences and Centre for Ecosystem Research and Implementation, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Qichao Zhou
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
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Yan Z, Xu J, Wang X, Yang Z, Liu D, Li G, Huang H. Continued spring phenological advance under global warming hiatus over the Pan-Third Pole. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1071858. [PMID: 36507380 PMCID: PMC9729745 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1071858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The global surface temperature has witnessed a warming hiatus in the first decade of this century, but how this slowing down of warming will impact spring phenology over Pan-Third Pole remains unclear. Here, we combined multiple satellite-derived vegetation indices with eddy covariance datasets to evaluate the spatiotemporal changes in spring phenological changes over the Pan-Third Pole. We found that the spring phenology over Pan-Third Pole continues to advance at the rate of 4.8 days decade-1 during the warming hiatus period, which is contrasted to a non-significant change over the northern hemisphere. Such a significant and continued advance in spring phenology was mainly attributed to an increase in preseason minimum temperature and water availability. Moreover, there is an overall increasing importance of precipitation on changes in spring phenology during the last four decades. We further demonstrated that this increasingly negative correlation was also found across more than two-thirds of the dryland region, tentatively suggesting that spring phenological changes might shift from temperature to precipitation-controlled over the Pan-Third Pole in a warmer world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengjie Yan
- College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Center for the Pan-Third Pole Environment, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Environment and Resources (TPESER), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinfeng Xu
- College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Center for the Pan-Third Pole Environment, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Environment and Resources (TPESER), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Environment and Resources (TPESER), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Environment and Resources (TPESER), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Environment and Resources (TPESER), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guoshuai Li
- Heihe Remote Sensing Experimental Research Station, Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing of Gansu Province, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Huabing Huang
- School of Geospatial Engineering and Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, China
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