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Casciaro F, Zia S, Forcato M, Zavatti M, Beretti F, Bertucci E, Zattoni A, Reschiglian P, Alviano F, Bonsi L, Follo MY, Demaria M, Roda B, Maraldi T. Unravelling Heterogeneity of Amplified Human Amniotic Fluid Stem Cells Sub-Populations. Cells 2021; 10:cells10010158. [PMID: 33467440 PMCID: PMC7830644 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Human amniotic fluid stem cells (hAFSCs) are broadly multipotent immature progenitor cells with high self-renewal and no tumorigenic properties. These cells, even amplified, present very variable morphology, density, intracellular composition and stemness potential, and this heterogeneity can hinder their characterization and potential use in regenerative medicine. Celector® (Stem Sel ltd.) is a new technology that exploits the Non-Equilibrium Earth Gravity Assisted Field Flow Fractionation principles to characterize and label-free sort stem cells based on their solely physical characteristics without any manipulation. Viable cells are collected and used for further studies or direct applications. In order to understand the intrapopulation heterogeneity, various fractions of hAFSCs were isolated using the Celector® profile and live imaging feature. The gene expression profile of each fraction was analysed using whole-transcriptome sequencing (RNAseq). Gene Set Enrichment Analysis identified significant differential expression in pathways related to Stemness, DNA repair, E2F targets, G2M checkpoint, hypoxia, EM transition, mTORC1 signalling, Unfold Protein Response and p53 signalling. These differences were validated by RT-PCR, immunofluorescence and differentiation assays. Interestingly, the different fractions showed distinct and unique stemness properties. These results suggest the existence of deep intra-population differences that can influence the stemness profile of hAFSCs. This study represents a proof-of-concept of the importance of selecting certain cellular fractions with the highest potential to use in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Casciaro
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy; (F.C.); (M.Z.); (F.B.); (T.M.)
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40125 Bologna, Italy;
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen, 9713 Groningen, The Netherlands;
| | | | - Mattia Forcato
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy;
| | - Manuela Zavatti
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy; (F.C.); (M.Z.); (F.B.); (T.M.)
| | - Francesca Beretti
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy; (F.C.); (M.Z.); (F.B.); (T.M.)
| | - Emma Bertucci
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Mothers, Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Policlinico, 41124 Modena, Italy;
| | - Andrea Zattoni
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”, University of Bologna, 40125 Bologna, Italy; (A.Z.); (P.R.)
| | - Pierluigi Reschiglian
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”, University of Bologna, 40125 Bologna, Italy; (A.Z.); (P.R.)
| | - Francesco Alviano
- Unit of Histology, Embryology and Applied Biology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, 40125 Bologna, Italy; (F.A.); (L.B.)
| | - Laura Bonsi
- Unit of Histology, Embryology and Applied Biology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, 40125 Bologna, Italy; (F.A.); (L.B.)
| | - Matilde Yung Follo
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40125 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Marco Demaria
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen, 9713 Groningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Barbara Roda
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”, University of Bologna, 40125 Bologna, Italy; (A.Z.); (P.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-051-209-9450
| | - Tullia Maraldi
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy; (F.C.); (M.Z.); (F.B.); (T.M.)
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Mihara Y, Akiba J, Ogasawara S, Kondo R, Fukushima H, Itadani H, Obara H, Kakuma T, Kusano H, Naito Y, Okuda K, Nakashima O, Yano H. Malic enzyme 1 is a potential marker of combined hepatocellular cholangiocarcinoma, subtype with stem-cell features, intermediate-cell type. Hepatol Res 2019; 49:1066-1075. [PMID: 31077496 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.13365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIM Combined hepatocellular cholangiocarcinoma, subtype with stem-cell features, intermediate-cell subtype (INT) shows various histological appearances and could be misdiagnosed as intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA). In the present study, we aimed to identify specific histological diagnostic markers of INT. METHODS We extracted RNA from FFPE sections of six INT, five iCCA, and five hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cases and compared gene expression between INT, iCCA, and HCC by microarray analysis. We then undertook immunohistochemical (IHC) staining of potential key molecules identified by microarray analysis, the conventional hepatocytic marker, hepatocyte paraffin (HepPar)-1, and the cholangiocytic markers, keratin (K) 7 and K19, on 35 INT, 25 iCCA, and 60 HCC cases. RESULTS Microarray analysis suggested that malic enzyme 1 (ME1) was significantly upregulated in INT. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that the positive rates of ME1 in INT, iCCA, and HCC were 77.1% (27/35), 28.0% (7/25), and 61.7% (37/60), respectively. Analysis of classification and regression trees based on IHC scores indicated that HepPar-1 could be a good candidate for discriminating HCC from the others with high sensitivity (93.3%) and high specificity (96.7%). A multiple logistic regression model and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis based on the IHC scores of ME1, K7, and K19 generated a composite score that can discriminate between INT and iCCA. Using this composite score, INT could be discriminated from iCCA with high sensitivity (88.6%) and high specificity (88.0%). CONCLUSIONS We propose that ME1 is a useful diagnostic marker of INT when used in combination with other hepatocytic and cholangiocytic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaro Mihara
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Jun Akiba
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan.,Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kurume University Hospital, Kurume, Japan
| | - Sachiko Ogasawara
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Reiichiro Kondo
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Hiroto Fukushima
- Discovery and Preclinical Research Division, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hiraku Itadani
- Discovery and Preclinical Research Division, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Obara
- Department of Biostatistics Center, Kurume University, Kurume, Japan
| | - Tatsuyuki Kakuma
- Department of Biostatistics Center, Kurume University, Kurume, Japan
| | - Hironori Kusano
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Naito
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan.,Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kurume University Hospital, Kurume, Japan
| | - Koji Okuda
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Osamu Nakashima
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Kurume University Hospital, Kurume, Japan
| | - Hirohisa Yano
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
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Beretti F, Zavatti M, Casciaro F, Comitini G, Franchi F, Barbieri V, La Sala GB, Maraldi T. Amniotic fluid stem cell exosomes: Therapeutic perspective. Biofactors 2018; 44:158-167. [PMID: 29341292 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
It is widely accepted that the therapeutic potential of stem cells can be largely mediated by paracrine factors, also included into exosomes. Thus, stem cell-derived exosomes represent a major therapeutic option in regenerative medicine avoiding, if compared to stem cells graft, abnormal differentiation and tumor formation. Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) induce damaged tissue repair, and can also exert immunomodulatory effects on the differentiation, activation and function of different lymphocytes. Therefore, MSC exosomes can be considered as a potential treatment for inflammatory diseases and also an ideal candidate for allogeneic therapy due to their low immunogenicity. Amniotic fluid stem cells (AFSCs) are broadly multipotent, can be expanded in culture, and can be easily cryopreserved in cellular banks. In this study, morphology, phenotype, and protein content of exosomes released into amniotic fluid in vivo and from AFSC during in vitro culture (conditioned medium) were examined. We found that AFSC-derived exosomes present different molecules than amniotic fluid ones, some of them involved in immunomodulation, such transforming growth factor beta and hepatic growth factors. The immunomodulatory effect of AFSC's exosomes on peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated with phytohemagglutinin was compared to that of the supernatant produced by such conditioned media deprived of exosomes. We present evidence that the principal effect of AFSC conditioned media (without exosomes) is the induction of apoptosis in lymphocytes, whereas exposure to AFSC-derived exosomes decreases the lymphocyte's proliferation, supporting the hypothesis that the entire secretome of stem cells differently affects immune-response. © 2017 BioFactors, 44(2):158-167, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Beretti
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Manuela Zavatti
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Francesca Casciaro
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Comitini
- Unit of Obstetrics & Gynecology, IRCCS-ASMN of Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Fabrizia Franchi
- Genetic Laboratory, IRCCS-ASMN of Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Veronica Barbieri
- Genetic Laboratory, IRCCS-ASMN of Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Giovanni B La Sala
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Unit of Obstetrics & Gynecology, IRCCS-ASMN of Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Tullia Maraldi
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Organ donation in the United States registered 9079 deceased organ donors in 2015. This high percentage of donations allowed organ transplantation in 29 851 recipients. Despite increasing numbers of transplants performed in comparison with previous years, the numbers of patients that are in need for a transplant increase every year at a higher rate. This reveals that the discrepancy between the demand and availability of organs remains fundamental problem in organ transplantation. RECENT FINDINGS Development of bioengineered organs represents a promising approach to increase the pool of organs for transplantation. The technology involves obtaining complex three-dimensional scaffolds that support cellular activity and functional remodeling though tissue recellularization protocols using progenitor cells. This innovative approach integrates cross-thematic approaches from specific areas of transplant immunology, tissue engineering and stem cell biology, to potentially manufacture an unlimited source of donor organs for transplantation. SUMMARY Although bioengineered organs are thought to escape immune recognition, the potential immune reactivity toward each of its components has not been studied in detail. Here, we summarize the host immune response toward different progenitor cells and discuss the potential implications of using nonself biological scaffolds to develop bioengineered organs.
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