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Liu L, Lin J, Yin M, Liu L, Gao J, Liu X, Zhu J, Wu A. Association of the fat mass index with hepatic steatosis and fibrosis: evidence from NHANES 2017-2018. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6943. [PMID: 38521854 PMCID: PMC10960854 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57388-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Limited population-based studies discuss the association between fat mass index (FMI) and the risk of liver diseases. This investigation utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) to examine the linkage between the FMI and liver conditions, specifically steatosis and fibrosis. The study leveraged data from NHANES's 2017-2018 cross-sectional study, employing an oversampling technique to deal with sample imbalance. Hepatic steatosis and fibrosis were identified by vibration-controlled transient elastography. Receiver operating curve was used to assess the relationship of anthropometric indicators, e.g., the FMI, body mass index (BMI), weight-adjusted-waist index (WWI), percentage of body fat (BF%), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and appendicular skeletal muscle index (ASMI), with hepatic steatosis and fibrosis. In this study, which included 2260 participants, multivariate logistic regression models, stratified analyses, restricted cubic spline (RCS), and sharp regression discontinuity analyses were utilized. The results indicated that the WHR and the FMI achieved the highest area under the curve for identifying hepatic steatosis and fibrosis, respectively (0.720 and 0.726). Notably, the FMI presented the highest adjusted odds ratio for both hepatic steatosis (6.40 [4.91-8.38], p = 2.34e-42) and fibrosis (6.06 [5.00, 7.37], p = 5.88e-74). Additionally, potential interaction effects were observed between the FMI and variables such as the family income-to-poverty ratio, smoking status, and hypertension, all of which correlated with the presence of liver fibrosis (p for interaction < 0.05). The RCS models further confirmed a significant positive correlation of the FMI with the controlled attenuation parameter and liver stiffness measurements. Overall, the findings underscore the strong link between the FMI and liver conditions, proposing the FMI as a potential straightforward marker for identifying liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihe Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
- Suzhou Clinical Center of Digestive Diseases, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Jiaxi Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
- Suzhou Clinical Center of Digestive Diseases, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Minyue Yin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
- Suzhou Clinical Center of Digestive Diseases, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Jingwen Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
- Suzhou Clinical Center of Digestive Diseases, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Xiaolin Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
- Suzhou Clinical Center of Digestive Diseases, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Jinzhou Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China.
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China.
| | - Airong Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China.
- Suzhou Clinical Center of Digestive Diseases, Suzhou, 215006, China.
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Zhang Y, Xiang L, Qi F, Cao Y, Zhang W, Lv T, Zhou X. The metabolic profiles and body composition of non-obese metabolic associated fatty liver disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1322563. [PMID: 38375190 PMCID: PMC10876088 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1322563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a major cause of chronic liver disease worldwide and is generally thought to be closely related to obesity and diabetes. However, it also affects non-obese individuals, particularly in Asian cultures. Methods Healthy physical examination subjects and MAFLD patients were included in the endocrinology department of Jiangsu Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine. MAFLD was defined as fatty liver in imaging without virus infection, drug, alcohol, or other known causes of chronic liver disease. Non-obese MAFLD was defined as MAFLD in non-obese subjects (BMI<25 kg/m2). Results The final analysis comprised 1047 participants in total. Of 946 MAFLD patients, 162 (17.12%) were diagnosed with non-obese MAFLD. Non-obese MAFLD patients were older, had lower alanine aminotransferase (ALT), triglyceride, and waist circumference, but had higher high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) than obese MAFLD patients. Compared with non-obese healthy controls, non-obese MAFLD patients had higher BMI, ALT, gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), uric acid (UA), triglycerides (TG), and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c). In terms of body composition, body fat mass (BFM), waist-hip ratio (WHR), percent body fat (PBF), visceral fat area (VFA), and fat mass index (FMI) were lower in non-obese healthy controls than non-obese MAFLD patients. A binary logistic regression analysis revealed that non-obese MAFLD was linked with lower GGT and higher HDL-c. Conclusion In this study cohort, non-obese MAFLD was present at a prevalence of 13.90%. In contrast to non-obese healthy controls, non-obese MAFLD patients exhibited different metabolic profiles, but they also had different body compositions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujuan Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- The First Clinical Medical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Liulan Xiang
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- The First Clinical Medical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Fang Qi
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- The First Clinical Medical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yutian Cao
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- The First Clinical Medical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenhui Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- The First Clinical Medical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Tiansu Lv
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- The First Clinical Medical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiqiao Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Miwa T, Tajirika S, Hanai T, Imamura N, Adachi M, Horita R, Fukao T, Shimizu M, Yamamoto M. Usefulness of a questionnaire for assessing the relationship between eating behavior and steatotic liver disease among Japanese male young adults. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2194. [PMID: 38273030 PMCID: PMC10810865 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52797-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to reveal the relationship between eating behavior and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)/metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) in young adults and suggest a questionnaire for eating behavior assessment. We included 322 male graduate students at Gifu University. Diagnoses of NAFLD and MASLD were based on the presence of hepatic steatosis on ultrasonography. Eating behavior was assessed using the eating behavior questionnaire (EBQ) recommended by the Japan Society for the Study of Obesity. We assessed the eating behaviors associated with NAFLD and MASLD using logistic regression, decision tree, and random forest analyses. The median age of the participants was 22 years, and 16% and 11% had NAFLD and MASLD, respectively. The EBQ total score was significantly higher in participants with MASLD than in those without MASLD (102 vs. 90 points, P = 0.006) and in those with NAFLD than in those without NAFLD (97 vs. 90 points, P = 0.007). Among eating behavior categories, the decision tree and random forest analyses revealed that "perception of constitution and weight" was the strongest contributor for NAFLD/MASLD. Our study revealed that eating behavior assessed with the EBQ is robustly associated with NAFLD and MASLD in young male adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takao Miwa
- Health Administration Center, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan.
- Department of Gastroenterology/Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan.
- Gifu University Hospital, Gifu, Japan.
| | - Satoko Tajirika
- Health Administration Center, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology/Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
- Gifu University Hospital, Gifu, Japan
| | - Tatsunori Hanai
- Department of Gastroenterology/Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
- Gifu University Hospital, Gifu, Japan
| | - Nanako Imamura
- Health Administration Center, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Miho Adachi
- Health Administration Center, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
- Gifu University Hospital, Gifu, Japan
| | - Ryo Horita
- Health Administration Center, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
- Gifu University Hospital, Gifu, Japan
| | - Taku Fukao
- Health Administration Center, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
- Gifu University Hospital, Gifu, Japan
| | - Masahito Shimizu
- Department of Gastroenterology/Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
- Gifu University Hospital, Gifu, Japan
| | - Mayumi Yamamoto
- Health Administration Center, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
- Gifu University Hospital, Gifu, Japan
- United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
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Nishikawa H, Kim SK, Asai A. Body Composition in Chronic Liver Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:964. [PMID: 38256036 PMCID: PMC10815828 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Body composition has recently been attracting people's attention, not only from a cosmetic standpoint but also from the perspective of health and longevity. The body is classified into three components: fat, bone, and lean soft tissue, and it is common to see an increase in body fat and a decrease in total body muscle mass with aging. Aging-related loss of muscle mass and muscle function is referred to as primary sarcopenia, while sarcopenia caused by disease-specific conditions is referred to as secondary sarcopenia. On the other hand, the liver-muscle axis has been attracting attention in recent years, and it has become clear that the liver and the skeletal muscles interact with each other. In particular, patients with cirrhosis are prone to secondary sarcopenia due to protein-energy malnutrition, which is a characteristic pathophysiology of the disease, suggesting the importance of the organ-organ network. In this review, we would like to outline the latest findings in this field, with a focus on body composition in liver diseases such as liver cirrhosis, fatty liver disease, alcoholic liver disease, and hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Nishikawa
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki 569-8686, Osaka, Japan
| | - Soo Ki Kim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kobe Asahi Hospital, Kobe 653-8501, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Akira Asai
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki 569-8686, Osaka, Japan
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