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Vostanis P, Hassan S, Fatima SZ, O’Reilly M. Youth-led co-production of mental health promotion in Pakistan: intergenerational influences. Health Promot Int 2024; 39:daae010. [PMID: 38381915 PMCID: PMC10880878 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daae010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Youth with mental health needs face barriers in seeking and accessing help, especially in resource-constrained settings in Majority World Countries. Community engagement is thus important for mental health promotion, particularly in addressing stigma. Engagement can be enhanced by involving peer educators and by relating to intergenerational experiences in the sociocultural context of the community. The aim of this study was to explore how intergenerational experiences and perspectives can inform the co-production of youth-led mental health promotion in a Majority World Country, Pakistan. We recruited 11 families (one grandmother, mother and granddaughter in each family) as advisers from two disadvantaged areas of Karachi, and 14 peer educators. Training for peer educators included seminars, experiential activities, three participatory workshops with family advisers and supervision. A sub-sample of family advisers and peer educators attended four focus groups, and peer educators completed reflective diaries following each activity. Data were integrated and subjected to thematic codebook analysis. The three themes related to enabling and hindering factors towards co-production of mental health promotion, incorporation of intergenerational resilience and cascading knowledge to communities. The findings highlighted potential benefits of youth-led mental health promotion that contextualizes intergenerational experiences for those communities. Peer educator roles should be supported by training, and mental health promotion should be integrated within local service systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panos Vostanis
- Department of School of Media, Communication and Sociology, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Sajida Hassan
- Icon for Child and Adult Nurturing (ICAN), Empire Square 501, Sharfabad, Karachi 75400, Pakistan
| | - Syeda Zeenat Fatima
- Icon for Child and Adult Nurturing (ICAN), Empire Square 501, Sharfabad, Karachi 75400, Pakistan
| | - Michelle O’Reilly
- Department of School of Media, Communication and Sociology, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
- Leicestershire Partnership NHS Trust, Groby Road, Leicester LE3 9PQ, UK
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Jansson I, Thörne K, Masterson D. Beyond conventional healthcare for mental health problems: Experiences of existential group conversations. Scand J Occup Ther 2024; 31:2244547. [PMID: 37552998 DOI: 10.1080/11038128.2023.2244547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental health problems (MHP) are a major public health challenge. Conventional healthcare has shown limitation on reducing MHP and there is a call for offering methods beyond healthcare as well as improve access to healthcare. AIMS To explore experiences among people having MHP of (i) taking part in existential conversations in groups beyond conventional healthcare and (ii) seeking and receiving conventional healthcare. MATERIALS AND METHODS Four focus group interviews were conducted after finishing existential conversations in groups. Data was analyzed following thematic analysis. RESULTS The theme Access to a community for exploration and acceptance describes communication through impressions and expressions together with others. A reflective perspective on everyday life, describes re-evaluation through reflection. Within the theme Experiences of healthcare related encounters, referring to the second aim, participants recollected feelings of disconnectedness, difficulties verbalizing MHP and dealing with rigid, standardized measures. CONCLUSION Existential conversations in group may contribute to a more reflected doing in accordance with one's own values as well as improved mental health literacy. Design and measures within healthcare need to explicitly address MHP and consider individual's own preferences. SIGNIFICANCE This study contributes to understanding of coping with MHP in everyday life from an existential perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inger Jansson
- Department of Rehabilitation, School of Health Sciences, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Karin Thörne
- Jönköping Academy for Improvement of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
- Futurum, Region Jönköping Council, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Daniel Masterson
- Jönköping Academy for Improvement of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
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Hansen ABG, Hansen ML, Golubovic S, Bloch P, Lorenzen JK, Almdal TP, Ried-Larsen M, Thorsen IK. Co-creating active communities: processes and outcomes of linking public rehabilitation programs with civic engagement for active living in a Danish municipality. RESEARCH INVOLVEMENT AND ENGAGEMENT 2023; 9:83. [PMID: 37710344 PMCID: PMC10503125 DOI: 10.1186/s40900-023-00495-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased levels of physical activity are associated with beneficial health effects for people with type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and/or severe obesity; however, transforming knowledge about these effects into action is challenging. The aim of this paper is to explore lessons learnt from a co-creation process in a partnership project involving local stakeholders, including citizens, and researchers. The purpose of the process was to link a public health care institution with civil society organisations in the local community to make it possible for citizens to continue to be physically active after ending their public rehabilitation. Secondarily, this paper aims to develop a conceptual model of the above process. METHODS The study constitutes the first part of Project Active Communities and was based on a partnership between three research institutions and a Danish rural municipality, involving municipal and civil society stakeholders and citizens with type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and/or severe obesity in co-creation of concrete interventions for implementation. The co-creation process was divided into two tracks, one involving citizens (two workshops) and one involving municipal and civil society stakeholders (two workshops). The two tracks were concluded with a final workshop involving all stakeholders, including local politicians. Data sources are focus groups and bilateral meetings, workshop observations, and questionnaires. RESULTS Lessons learnt include the importance of having a flexible timeframe for the co-creation process; giving room for disagreements and matching of mutual expectations between stakeholders; the value of a coordinator in the municipality to achieve acceptance of the project; and the significance of engaging local politicians in the co-creation process to accommodate internal political agendas. We have developed a conceptual model for a co-creation process, where we outline and explain three distinct phases: stakeholder identification and description, co-creation, and prototyping. The model can be adapted and applied to other sectors and settings. CONCLUSIONS This study documents lessons learnt in a co-creation process aiming to link a public health care institution with civil society organisations in the local community. Further, this study has specified productive co-creative processes and documented the various phases in a conceptual model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Blædel Gottlieb Hansen
- Centre for Clinical Research and Prevention, The Intersectoral Prevention Laboratory, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Hovedvejen, Entrance 5, Nordre Fasanvej 57, 2000, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
| | - Marie Lønberg Hansen
- Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Section 7641, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sanja Golubovic
- Centre for Clinical Research and Prevention, The Intersectoral Prevention Laboratory, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Hovedvejen, Entrance 5, Nordre Fasanvej 57, 2000, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Paul Bloch
- Health Promotion Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Borgmester Ib Juuls Vej 83, 2730, Herlev, Denmark
| | | | - Thomas Peter Almdal
- Department of Endocrinology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Section 7562, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mathias Ried-Larsen
- Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Section 7641, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Ida Kær Thorsen
- Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Section 7641, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Heimburg DV, Cluley V. Advancing complexity-informed health promotion: a scoping review to link health promotion and co-creation. Health Promot Int 2021; 36:581-600. [PMID: 32810227 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daaa063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A complexity-informed approach has recently been proposed as a hopeful revolution for health promotion (HP), requesting appropriate ways of tackling the complexities of health, equity and well-being. In addition, co-creation has gained traction as an approach to tackle complexity. HP and co-creation are established concepts that have long been enacted in practice. Although each concept is premised on similar approaches to value-creation such as participation and collaboration, little has been done to link the two approaches. To advance complexity-informed HP, this scoping review presents findings from peer-reviewed articles, published in English, between 2009 and March 2020. Articles were identified through searches of academic databases. Twenty-seven articles met the inclusion criteria, explicitly linking HP and co-creation. Included articles were charted by descriptive information and main focus, and advanced by a thematic analysis. Four themes suggest a potential avenue for advancing complexity-informed HP: (i) dealing with complexity, (ii) value creation, (iii) the value of the values and (iv) benefits and challenges. While current links between HP and co-creation are scarce they are increasing and promising. Based on the findings from the review, propositions to advance complexity-informed HP is outlined and discussed. Overall it is argued that co-creation and HP are mutually beneficial concepts, providing a framework for participative, collaborative, context-sensitive and knowledge-based practice that reflects the complex nature of health. More research is needed to highlight potential and challenges of integrating co-creation in HP, especially related to health equity and sustainable development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina von Heimburg
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Nord University, PO Box 1490, 8049 Bodø, Norway
| | - Victoria Cluley
- Cass Business School, City, University of London, 108 Bunhill Row, London, EC1Y 8TZ
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Neill RD, Best P, Lloyd K, Williamson J, Allen J, Badham J, Tully MA. Engaging Teachers and School Leaders in Participatory Data Analysis for the Development of a School-Based Mental Health Intervention. SCHOOL MENTAL HEALTH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12310-021-09418-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe success of school-based mental health interventions is often inconsistent, in part due to lack of input from teachers and students in the programme design. Therefore, the involvement and engagement of teachers in the co-production of an intervention, especially within data analysis, can create more innovative and effective solutions. This paper presents a teacher-led qualitative data analysis using a new approach within the field, participation theme elicitation. This approach will be used to gather information relevant to the initial development of a school-based mental health intervention. Teachers identified the following themes: (1) physical activity as a stress reliever, (2) programme facilitation, (3) exam pressure and (4) solutions to improve negative mental health. Results from the teacher-led analysis are broadly similar to previous research in the field. Our findings demonstrate that teachers can have a valuable input into research findings which should help address the development of a school-based mental health intervention. In summary, the findings suggest that the use of participatory theme elicitation is a valid and effective method to address the gaps and limitations of participatory qualitative data analysis.
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Giebel C, McIntyre JC, Alfirevic A, Corcoran R, Daras K, Downing J, Gabbay M, Pirmohamed M, Popay J, Wheeler P, Holt K, Wilson T, Bentall R, Barr B. The longitudinal NIHR ARC North West Coast Household Health Survey: exploring health inequalities in disadvantaged communities. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:1257. [PMID: 32811459 PMCID: PMC7436975 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09346-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Household Health Survey (HHS) was developed to understand the socioeconomic determinants of mental and physical health, and health inequalities in health and social care. This paper aims to provide a detailed rationale of the development and implementation of the survey and explore socio-economic variations in physical and mental health and health care. Methods This comprehensive longitudinal public health survey was designed and piloted in a disadvantaged area of England, comprising questions on housing, physical health, mental health, lifestyle, social issues, environment, work, and finances. After piloting, the HHS was implemented across 28 neighbourhoods – 10 disadvantaged neighbourhoods for learning (NfLs), 10 disadvantaged comparator sites, and eight relatively advantaged areas, in 2015 and 2018. Participants were recruited via random sampling of households in pre-selected neighbourhoods based on their areas of deprivation. Results 7731 residents participated in Wave 1 (N = 4319) and 2 (n = 3412) of the survey, with 871 residents having participated in both. Mental health, physical health, employment, and housing quality were poorer in disadvantaged neighbourhoods than in relatively advantaged areas. Conclusions This survey provides important insights into socio-economic variations in physical and mental health, with findings having implications for improved care provision to enable residents from any geographical or socio-economic background to access suitable care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa Giebel
- Department of Primary Care & Mental Health, University of Liverpool, Waterhouse Building B Block, Brownlow Street, Liverpool, L69 3GL, UK. .,NIHR ARC NWC, Liverpool, UK.
| | - Jason C McIntyre
- School of Natural Sciences and Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Ana Alfirevic
- NIHR ARC NWC, Liverpool, UK.,Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Rhiannon Corcoran
- Department of Primary Care & Mental Health, University of Liverpool, Waterhouse Building B Block, Brownlow Street, Liverpool, L69 3GL, UK.,NIHR ARC NWC, Liverpool, UK
| | - Konstantinos Daras
- NIHR ARC NWC, Liverpool, UK.,Department of Geography and Planning, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Jennifer Downing
- NIHR ARC NWC, Liverpool, UK.,Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Mark Gabbay
- Department of Primary Care & Mental Health, University of Liverpool, Waterhouse Building B Block, Brownlow Street, Liverpool, L69 3GL, UK.,NIHR ARC NWC, Liverpool, UK
| | - Munir Pirmohamed
- NIHR ARC NWC, Liverpool, UK.,Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Jennie Popay
- NIHR ARC NWC, Liverpool, UK.,Department of Health Research, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Paula Wheeler
- NIHR ARC NWC, Liverpool, UK.,Department of Health Research, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | | | | | - Richard Bentall
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Ben Barr
- Department of Primary Care & Mental Health, University of Liverpool, Waterhouse Building B Block, Brownlow Street, Liverpool, L69 3GL, UK.,NIHR ARC NWC, Liverpool, UK
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Triliva S, Ntani S, Giovazolias T, Kafetsios K, Axelsson M, Bockting C, Buysse A, Desmet M, Dewaele A, Hannon D, Haukenes I, Hensing G, Meganck R, Rutten K, Schønning V, Van Beveren L, Vandamme J, Øverland S. Healthcare professionals' perspectives on mental health service provision: a pilot focus group study in six European countries. Int J Ment Health Syst 2020; 14:16. [PMID: 32165920 PMCID: PMC7060571 DOI: 10.1186/s13033-020-00350-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The mental healthcare treatment gap (mhcGAP) in adult populations has been substantiated across Europe. This study formed part of MentALLY, a research project funded by the European Commission, which aimed to gather qualitative empirical evidence to support the provision of European mental healthcare that provides effective treatment to all adults who need it. Methods Seven focus groups were conducted with 49 health professionals (HPs), including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, general practitioners, and psychiatric nurses who worked in health services in Belgium, Cyprus, Greece, the Netherlands, Norway and Sweden. The focus group discussions centered on the barriers and facilitators to providing quality care to people with mild, medium, and severe mental health problems. Analyses included deductively and inductively driven coding procedures. Cross-country consensus was obtained by summarizing findings in the form of a fact sheet which was shared for triangulation by all the MentALLY partners. Results The results converged into two overarching themes: (1) Minding the treatment gap: the availability and accessibility of Mental Health Services (MHS). The mhcGAP gap identified is composed of different elements that constitute the barriers to care, including bridging divides in care provision, obstacles in facilitating access via referrals and creating a collaborative ‘chain of care’. (2) Making therapeutic practice relevant by providing a broad-spectrum of integrated and comprehensive services that value person-centered care comprised of authenticity, flexibility and congruence. Conclusions The mhcGAP is comprised of the following barriers: a lack of funding, insufficient capacity of human resources, inaccessibility to comprehensive services and a lack of availability of relevant treatments. The facilitators to the provision of MHC include using collaborative models of primary, secondary and prevention-oriented mental healthcare. Teamwork in providing care was considered to be a more effective and efficient use of resources. HPs believe that the use of e-mental health and emerging digital technologies can enhance care provision. Facilitating access to a relevant continuum of community-based care that is responsive coordinated and in line with people’s needs throughout their lives is an essential aspect of optimal care provision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Triliva
- 1Department of Psychology, University of Crete, 74100 Rethymno, Crete, Greece
| | - Spyridoula Ntani
- 1Department of Psychology, University of Crete, 74100 Rethymno, Crete, Greece
| | | | | | - Malin Axelsson
- 2Department of Care Science, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Claudi Bockting
- 3Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,4Institute for Advanced Studies, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ann Buysse
- 5Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mattias Desmet
- 6Department of Psychoanalysis and Clinical Consulting, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Alexis Dewaele
- 5Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dewi Hannon
- 5Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Inger Haukenes
- 7Research Unit for General Practice, NORCE-Norwegian Research Centre, Bergen, Norway.,8Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Gunnel Hensing
- 9Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Reitske Meganck
- 6Department of Psychoanalysis and Clinical Consulting, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kris Rutten
- 10Department of Educational Studies, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Viktor Schønning
- 9Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,11Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health & Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Laura Van Beveren
- 10Department of Educational Studies, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Joke Vandamme
- 5Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Simon Øverland
- 11Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health & Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Happell B, Platania-Phung C, Scholz B, Bocking J, Horgan A, Manning F, Doody R, Hals E, Granerud A, Lahti M, Pullo J, Vatula A, Koski J, van der Vaart KJ, Allon J, Griffin M, Russell S, MacGabhann L, Bjornsson E, Biering P. Changing attitudes: The impact of Expert by Experience involvement in Mental Health Nursing Education: An international survey study. Int J Ment Health Nurs 2019; 28:480-491. [PMID: 30390371 DOI: 10.1111/inm.12551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Reform to nursing education is essential to ensure future generations of nurses are strongly positioned to value, know, and deliver strength-based, recovery-oriented mental health practice. A promising pathway to effectively drive reform is the coproduction of curricula by nursing academics and people with lived experience of recovery from mental distress referred to as Experts by Experience. The Co-production in Mental Health Nursing Education (COMMUNE) project is an international collaboration for development and implementation of consumer coproduced curricula. This study evaluated the inclusion of Expert by Experience-led mental health nursing education on nursing students' attitudes to people labelled with mental illness, mental health nursing, and consumer participation. A repeated self-report measures design was implemented in Australia, Ireland, and Finland to ascertain level of generalizability of consumer involvement within undergraduate nursing programmes. Data were collected from nursing students (n = 194) immediately before and after the education module, using three self-report instruments on attitudes (Mental Health Nurse Education Survey, Consumer Participation Questionnaire, and Opening Minds Scale). Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Eighty-nine per cent of the 27 points of change reflected more favourable and accepting attitudinal change. Of these, 41% were significant at Bonferroni adjusted alpha of 0.0025. There was a statistically significant increase in preparedness for practice in the mental health field in each of the three countries. The most pronounced change is related to the social and systemic inclusion of people with a diagnostic label and recovery-oriented care more broadly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Happell
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Chris Platania-Phung
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Brett Scholz
- ANU Medical School, College of Health and Medicine, The Australian National University, Woden, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Julia Bocking
- Synergy, Nursing and Midwifery Research Centre, University of Canberra, Faculty of Health, and ACT Health, Building 6, Level 3, Canberra Hospital, Woden Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Aine Horgan
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Fionnuala Manning
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Rory Doody
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Elisabeth Hals
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Hedmark, Norway
| | - Arild Granerud
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Hedmark, Norway
| | - Mari Lahti
- Turku University of Applied Sciences, Turku, Finland.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Nursing Science, Turku University, Turku, Finland
| | - Jarmo Pullo
- Turku University of Applied Sciences, Turku, Finland.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Nursing Science, Turku University, Turku, Finland
| | - Annaliina Vatula
- Turku University of Applied Sciences, Turku, Finland.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Nursing Science, Turku University, Turku, Finland
| | - Johanna Koski
- Turku University of Applied Sciences, Turku, Finland.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Nursing Science, Turku University, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Jerry Allon
- Institute for Nursing Studies, University of Applied Sciences Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Martha Griffin
- School of Nursing and Human Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Siobhan Russell
- School of Nursing and Human Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Liam MacGabhann
- School of Nursing and Human Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Einar Bjornsson
- Department of Nursing, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Pall Biering
- Department of Nursing, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
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