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Štefanová E, Baška T, Holubčíková J, Timková S, Tatarková M, Sovičová M, Hudečková H. Selected Behavioural Factors Affecting Oral Health in Schoolchildren: Results from the Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children (HBSC) Slovak Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17207516. [PMID: 33076480 PMCID: PMC7602590 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17207516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Oral diseases, particularly dental caries, affect as much as nine in 10 persons globally. Its development starts during childhood. Behavioural factors play an important role in its aetiology. The aim of the research was to analyse the prevalence of selected behavioural factors associated with dental caries in Slovak adolescents. Selected factors, such as toothbrushing less than once a day, consumption of sweets and sweetened soft drinks daily and their combination, were analysed using data from Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children surveys carried out in 2005/2006, 2009/2010, 2013/2014 and 2017/2018 in Slovakia. The target group consisted of 11- to 13-year-old schoolchildren. The results were analysed by sex and socioeconomic status. The consumption of sweets and sweetened soft drinks, despite declining, remains widespread (41.3% of boys and 39.6% of girls in 2017/2018). The absence of daily toothbrushing, similarly as a co-occurrence of factors, were more frequent in boys (10.6% and 5.0% in 2017/2018, respectively) than in girls (5.1% and 2.3% in 2017/2018, respectively). The absence of daily toothbrushing was associated with a lower socioeconomic situation. In conclusion, behavioural risk factors affecting oral health are widespread in Slovak adolescents. Despite the positive development of the epidemiological situation, effective interventions, as well as the improvement of oral hygiene in lower socioeconomic groups, are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliška Štefanová
- Department of Public Health, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Malá Hora 11149/4B, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia; (E.Š.); (T.B.); (M.T.); (M.S.); (H.H.)
| | - Tibor Baška
- Department of Public Health, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Malá Hora 11149/4B, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia; (E.Š.); (T.B.); (M.T.); (M.S.); (H.H.)
| | - Jana Holubčíková
- Department of Health Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, 040 11 Košice, Slovakia;
| | - Silvia Timková
- 1st Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice and University Hospital of Luis Pasteur, 040 11 Košice, Slovakia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +421 55 234 3305
| | - Mária Tatarková
- Department of Public Health, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Malá Hora 11149/4B, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia; (E.Š.); (T.B.); (M.T.); (M.S.); (H.H.)
| | - Miroslava Sovičová
- Department of Public Health, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Malá Hora 11149/4B, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia; (E.Š.); (T.B.); (M.T.); (M.S.); (H.H.)
| | - Henrieta Hudečková
- Department of Public Health, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Malá Hora 11149/4B, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia; (E.Š.); (T.B.); (M.T.); (M.S.); (H.H.)
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Park JJ, Lim AY, Ahn HS, Kim AI, Choi S, Oh DH, Lee-Park O, Kim SY, Jung SJ, Bump JB, Atun R, Shin HY, Park KB. Systematic review of evidence on public health in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea. BMJ Glob Health 2019; 4:e001133. [PMID: 30997161 PMCID: PMC6441257 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2018-001133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Engaging in public health activities in the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK, also known as North Korea) offers a means to improve population health for its citizens and the wider region. Such an engagement requires an understanding of current and future needs. Methods We conducted a systematic search of five English and eight Korean language databases to identify available literature published between 1988 and 2017. A narrative review of evidence was conducted for five major categories (health systems, communicable diseases (CDs), non-communicable diseases (NCDs), injuries, and reproductive, maternal, newborn and child health (RMNCH) and nutrition). Findings We found 465 publications on the DPRK and public health. Of the 253 articles that addressed major disease categories, we found under-representation of publications relative to proportion of disease burden for the two most significant causes: NCDs (54.5% publications vs 72.6% disability adjusted life years (DALYs)) and injuries (0.4% publications vs 12.1% DALYs), in comparison to publications on the third and fourth largest disease burdens, RMNCH and nutrition (30.4% publications vs 8.6% DALYs) and CDs (14.6% publications vs 6.7% DALYs) which were over-represented. Although most disease category articles were on NCDs, the majority of NCD articles addressed mental health of refugees. Only 165 articles addressed populations within the DPRK and among these, we found publication gaps on social and environmental determinants of health, CDs, and NCDs. Conclusion There are gaps in the public health literature on the DPRK. Future research should focus on under-studied, significant burdens of disease. Moreover, establishing more precise estimates of disease burden and their distribution, as well as analysis on health systems responses aimed at addressing them, can result in improvements in population health.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J Park
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ah-Young Lim
- Institute for Health and Unification Studies, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Soon Ahn
- Institute for Health and Unification Studies, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Andrew I Kim
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Soyoung Choi
- Institute for Health and Unification Studies, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - David Hw Oh
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Owen Lee-Park
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sharon Y Kim
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sun Jae Jung
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jesse B Bump
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rifat Atun
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hee Young Shin
- Institute for Health and Unification Studies, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kee B Park
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Karki S, Laitala ML, Humagain M, Seppänen M, Päkkila J, Anttonen V. Oral health status associated with sociodemographic factors of Nepalese schoolchildren: a population-based study. Int Dent J 2018; 68:348-358. [PMID: 29691837 DOI: 10.1111/idj.12393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the oral health of Nepalese schoolchildren relative to their sociodemographic characteristics. METHODS This school-based, cross-sectional study was conducted among 5-6-, 12- and 15-year-old Nepalese children in 18 randomly selected districts of the 75 in Nepal. Clinical parameters were recorded according to the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. Results were presented as mean (SD) and proportions; the chi-square test, t-test and one way-ANOVA were also performed. The risk of dental caries in association with the place of residence was presented according to the outcome of a binary logistic regression analysis. RESULTS The mean d-value for the 5-6-year-old children was 5.0 (4.22), which was higher than the mean D-values for the 12- and 15-year-old subjects, of 1.3 (1.77) and 1.9 (2.28), respectively. The youngest children, as well as children from the Kathmandu Valley, were likely to have more untreated caries lesions than children in the other age groups. The mean number of teeth with severe consequences of dental caries (pulpitis/ulceration/fistula/abscess or pufa/PUFA) was 1.3 (1.91) for the 5-6-year-old children, 0.1 (0.35) for the 12-year-old children and 0.3 (0.75) for the 15-year-old children. All age groups had gingival bleeding on probing in more than 15% of teeth. Children from rural locations had significantly more gingival bleeding than urban children. The same was true for 15-year-old girls compared with boys of the same age. CONCLUSIONS Among Nepalese children, oral diseases are common, and geographical variation is prevalent. The health policy should address the alarming oral health situation and need for urgent treatment and population-based preventive programmes that is evident in Nepal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saujanya Karki
- Research Unit of Oral Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,School of Medical Sciences, Kathmandu University, Dhulikhel, Nepal
| | | | - Manoj Humagain
- School of Medical Sciences, Kathmandu University, Dhulikhel, Nepal
| | - Marjo Seppänen
- Department of Geography, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jari Päkkila
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Vuokko Anttonen
- Research Unit of Oral Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
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Tarvonen PL, Sipilä K, Ri YS, Jang JH, Kim JH, Suominen AL. Awareness of and compliance with healthy oral habits reported by children and their parents in Democratic People's Republic of Korea after a preventive programme. Acta Odontol Scand 2016; 74:525-531. [PMID: 27485545 DOI: 10.1080/00016357.2016.1214978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study aimed to examine awareness of and compliance with healthy oral habits reported by children and their parents in Pyongyang, Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK), after a preventive programme. MATERIALS AND METHODS The data were collected in 2013 with self-completed, partly structured questionnaires from 1994 children aged 10 and 13 years and from 200 parents. Association between awareness of and compliance with healthy oral habits reported by the children and their parents was evaluated using Chi square tests and multivariate logistic regression analyses, children's oral health habits according to themselves and their parents were analysed using McNemar's test. RESULTS Both children and their parents seemed to be familiar with healthy oral habits, although the awareness was not directly related to the reports of the children's oral practices. Most of the children reported brushing their teeth at least twice a day, using fluoride toothpaste and drinking water for thirst but frequent sweet snacking was common. Children's and their parents' reports were consistent with regard to sweet snacking frequency (p = 0.736) and the main thirst quencher (p = 0.349). CONCLUSIONS Awareness of healthy oral habits appeared to be good among children and their parents. Unhealthy oral habits seemed to coincide with one another.
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