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Amir M, Jeevithan L, Barkat M, Fatima SH, Khan M, Israr S, Naseer F, Fayyaz S, Elango J, Wu W, Maté Sánchez de Val JE, Rahman SU. Advances in Regenerative Dentistry: A Systematic Review of Harnessing Wnt/β-Catenin in Dentin-Pulp Regeneration. Cells 2024; 13:1153. [PMID: 38995004 PMCID: PMC11240772 DOI: 10.3390/cells13131153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Dentin pulp has a complex function as a major unit in maintaining the vitality of teeth. In this sense, the Wnt/β-Catenin pathway has a vital part in tooth development, maintenance, repair, and regeneration by controlling physiological activities such as growth, differentiation, and migration. This pathway consists of a network of proteins, such as Wnt signaling molecules, which interact with receptors of targeted cells and play a role in development and adult tissue homeostasis. The Wnt signals are specific spatiotemporally, suggesting its intricate mechanism in development, regulation, repair, and regeneration by the formation of tertiary dentin. This review provides an overview of the recent advances in the Wnt/β-Catenin signaling pathway in dentin and pulp regeneration, how different proteins, molecules, and ligands influence this pathway, either upregulating or silencing it, and how it may be used in the future for clinical dentistry, in vital pulp therapy as an effective treatment for dental caries, as an alternative approach for root canal therapy, and to provide a path for therapeutic and regenerative dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Amir
- Department of Oral Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan
| | - Lakshmi Jeevithan
- Department of Marine Biopharmacology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China (W.W.)
| | - Maham Barkat
- Department of Oral Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan
| | - Syeda Habib Fatima
- Department of Oral Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan
| | - Malalai Khan
- Department of Oral Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan
| | - Sara Israr
- Department of Oral Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan
| | - Fatima Naseer
- Department of Oral Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan
| | - Sarmad Fayyaz
- Department of Dental Materials Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan
| | - Jeevithan Elango
- Department of Marine Biopharmacology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China (W.W.)
- Center of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India
- Department of Biomaterials Engineering, Faculty of Health Sciences, UCAM—Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia, Guadalupe, 30107 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Wenhui Wu
- Department of Marine Biopharmacology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China (W.W.)
| | - José Eduardo Maté Sánchez de Val
- Department of Biomaterials Engineering, Faculty of Health Sciences, UCAM—Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia, Guadalupe, 30107 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Saeed Ur Rahman
- Department of Oral Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan
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Chansaenroj A, Kornsuthisopon C, Suwittayarak R, Rochanavibhata S, Loi LK, Lin YC, Osathanon T. IWP-2 modulates the immunomodulatory properties of human dental pulp stem cells in vitro. Int Endod J 2024; 57:219-236. [PMID: 37971040 DOI: 10.1111/iej.14001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effect of IWP-2, Wnt inhibitor, on human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) responses. METHODOLOGY hDPSCs were isolated from human dental pulp tissues. Cells were treated with 25 μM IWP-2 for 24 h, and subsequently, the gene expression profile was examined using high-throughput RNA sequencing. The mRNA expression was analysed using qPCR. The effect of IWP-2 was investigated in both normal and LPS-induced hDPSCs (inflamed hDPSCs). CD4+ T cells and CD14+ monocyte-derived macrophages were cultured with conditioned media of IWP-2 treated hDPSCs to observe the immunosuppressive property. RESULTS RNA sequencing indicated that IWP-2 significantly downregulated several KEGG pathways, including cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, IL-17 signalling pathway, and TNF signalling pathway. In both normal and inflamed conditions, IWP-2 markedly upregulated TGFB1 mRNA expression while the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, TNFA, IL1B, IFNG, and IL6, was inhibited. In the inhibition experiment, the pretreatment with p38, MAPK, or PI3K inhibitors abolished the effects of IWP-2 in LPS-induced inflammation. In terms of immune cells, IWP-2-treated-inflamed hDPSCs conditioned media attenuated T cell proliferation and regulated regulatory T cell differentiation. In addition, the migratory property of macrophage was decreased after being exposed to IWP-2-treated inflamed hDPSCs conditioned media. CONCLUSION IWP-2 suppressed inflammatory cytokine expression in both normal and inflamed hDPSCs. Moreover, hDPSCs exerted the immunosuppressive property after IWP-2 treatment. These results suggest the role of Wnt in inflammatory responses and immunomodulation in dental pulp tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajjima Chansaenroj
- Center of Excellence for Dental Stem Cell Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chatvadee Kornsuthisopon
- Center of Excellence for Dental Stem Cell Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ravipha Suwittayarak
- Center of Excellence for Dental Stem Cell Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sunisa Rochanavibhata
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Lai-Keng Loi
- Department of Dentistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Cheng Lin
- Department of Dentistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Thanaphum Osathanon
- Center of Excellence for Dental Stem Cell Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Bakr MM, Shamel M, Raafat SN, Love RM, Al‐Ankily MM. Effect of pulp capping materials on odontogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells: An in vitro study. Clin Exp Dent Res 2024; 10:e816. [PMID: 38053499 PMCID: PMC10860438 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Migration and differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) is a vital and key factor in the success of reparative dentin formation for maintenance of pulp vitality. Pulp capping materials are used to stimulate DPSCs to induce new dentin formation. Thus, the aim of the present study was to compare the response of DPSCs to four commercially available pulp capping materials: a bioactive bioceramic (Material 1), a nonresinous ready-to-use bioceramic cement (Material 2), a bioactive composite (Material 3), and a biocompatible, dual-cured, resin-modified calcium silicate (Material 4). MATERIALS AND METHODS hDPSCs were isolated and cultured from freshly extracted teeth and were then characterized by flow cytometry and multilineage differentiation. Discs prepared from pulp capping materials were tested with hDPSCs and MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay, cell migration assay and odontogenic differentiation assay was performed. Expression of osteogenic markers (osteopontin, RUNX family transcription factor 2, osteocalcin) and the odontogenic marker (dentin sialophosphoprotein) was detected using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Materials 1, 2, and 3 generated more cell viability than Material 4. Furthermore, Material 4 showed the least wound exposure percentage, while Material 3 showed the highest percentage. Enhanced mineralization was found in hDSCPs cultured with Material 3, followed by Material 1, and then Material 2, while Material 4 revealed the least calcified mineralization. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study were inconclusive regards contemporary bioceramic materials designed for vital pulp therapy as they have different effects on hDPSC. Further testing for cytotoxicity using live-dead staining, animal experiments, clinical trials, and independent analyses of these biomaterials is necessary for clinicians to make an informed decision for their use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud M. Bakr
- School of Medicine and DentistryGriffith UniversityGold CoastQueenslandAustralia
| | - Mohamed Shamel
- Oral Biology Department, Faulty of DentistryThe British University in EgyptCairoEgypt
| | - Shereen N. Raafat
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of DentistryThe British University in EgyptCairoEgypt
| | - Robert M. Love
- School of Medicine and DentistryGriffith UniversityGold CoastQueenslandAustralia
| | - Mahmoud M. Al‐Ankily
- Oral Biology Department, Faulty of DentistryThe British University in EgyptCairoEgypt
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Kulthanaamondhita P, Kornsuthisopon C, Chansaenroj A, Suwittayarak R, Trachoo V, Manokawinchoke J, Lee SC, Egusa H, Kim JM, Osathanon T. Notch signaling regulates mineralization via microRNA modulation in dental pulp stem cells. Oral Dis 2024. [PMID: 38243590 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigated the miRNA expression profile in Notch-activated human dental stem pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and validated the functions of miRNAs in modulating the odonto/osteogenic properties of DPSCs. METHODS DPSCs were treated with indirect immobilized Jagged1. The miRNA expression profile was examined using NanoString analysis. Bioinformatic analysis was performed, and miRNA expression was validated. Odonto/osteogenic differentiation was examined using alkaline phosphatase staining, Alizarin Red S staining, as well as odonto/osteogenic-related gene and protein expression. RESULTS Fourteen miRNAs were differentially expressed in Jagged1-treated DPSCs. Pathway analysis revealed that altered miRNAs were associated with TGF-β, Hippo, ErbB signalling pathways, FoxO and Ras signalling. Target prediction analysis demonstrated that 7604 genes were predicted to be targets for these altered miRNAs. Enrichment analysis revealed relationships to various DNA bindings. Among differentially expressed miRNA, miR-296-3p and miR-450b-5p were upregulated under Jagged1-treated conditions. Overexpression of miR-296-3p and miR-450b-5p enhanced mineralization and upregulation of odonto/osteogenic-related genes, whereas inhibition of these miRNAs revealed opposing results. The miR-296-3p and miR-450b-5p inhibitors attenuated the effects of Jagged1-induced mineralization in DPSCs. CONCLUSIONS Jagged-1 promotes mineralization in DPSCs that are partially regulated by miRNA. The novel understanding of these miRNAs could lead to innovative controlled mechanisms that can be applied to modulate biology-targeted dental materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Promphakkon Kulthanaamondhita
- Center of Excellence for Dental Stem Cell Biology and Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chatvadee Kornsuthisopon
- Center of Excellence for Dental Stem Cell Biology and Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ajjima Chansaenroj
- Center of Excellence for Dental Stem Cell Biology and Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ravipha Suwittayarak
- Center of Excellence for Dental Stem Cell Biology and Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Voraphat Trachoo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jeeranan Manokawinchoke
- Center of Excellence for Dental Stem Cell Biology and Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Seung-Cheol Lee
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hiroshi Egusa
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Jin Man Kim
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Thanaphum Osathanon
- Center of Excellence for Dental Stem Cell Biology and Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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dos Santos FFV, Habelitz S, Nascimento FD, Arana-Chavez VE, Braga RR. Poly(Aspartic Acid) Promotes Odontoblast-like Cell Differentiation in Rat Molars with Exposed Pulp. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:537. [PMID: 37998106 PMCID: PMC10672631 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14110537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, alternative pulpal therapies targeting dentinogenesis signaling pathways using different peptides have been investigated. The aim of this study was to verify the effectiveness of poly(aspartic acid), pAsp, in dentin regeneration using an animal model. METHODS Mechanical pulp exposure was performed in the upper molars of 56 Wistar rats, randomly divided as follows (n = 14): control (no treatment); MTA group-pulp capping with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA Angelus); pAsp group-application of 20 μL of pAsp solution (25 mg·mL-1); MTA+pAsp group-application of MTA mixed with pAsp (5:1 by mass). Animals were euthanized after 7 or 21 days. Histological sections were submitted to hematoxylin-eosin and Brown and Brenn staining and immunohistochemical analysis for osteopontin (OPN) and dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP 1). RESULTS At 7 days, an acute inflammatory infiltrate and the presence of disorganized mineralized tissue were observed in all groups. At 21 days, the quality and thickness of the reparative dentin in treated groups were superior to the control, and bacterial contamination was observed in two MTA-pAsp specimens. While all treated groups showed intense immunostaining for OPN at 21 days, only the pAsp group expressed DMP 1, indicating the presence of fully differentiated odontoblast-like cells. CONCLUSION Poly(aspartic) acid promoted dentin regeneration in rat molars in the absence of an additional calcium source and may be an alternative to MTA as a pulp-capping agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Furuse Ventura dos Santos
- Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil; (V.E.A.-C.); (R.R.B.)
| | - Stefan Habelitz
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA;
| | - Fábio Dupart Nascimento
- Molecular Biology Division, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo 04044-020, SP, Brazil;
| | - Victor Elias Arana-Chavez
- Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil; (V.E.A.-C.); (R.R.B.)
| | - Roberto Ruggiero Braga
- Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil; (V.E.A.-C.); (R.R.B.)
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6
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Chung M, Lee S, Kim S, Kim E. Inflammatory response and odontogenic differentiation of inflamed dental pulp treated with different pulp capping materials: An in vivo study. Int Endod J 2023; 56:1118-1128. [PMID: 37350351 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
AIM Previous studies have evaluated the pulpal responses to calcium silicate cements (CSCs) on normal dental pulp, but investigations on the effects of CSCs on inflamed pulp are limited. This study aimed to test the inflammatory response and odontogenic differentiation of inflamed rat dental pulp after direct pulp capping with CSCs. METHODOLOGY Wistar rat molars pulps were exposed for 48 h to induce inflammation and then capped with ProRoot MTA (Dentsply), Biodentine (Septodont), RetroMTA (Bio MTA) and Dycal (Dentsply Caulk). The degree of pulpal inflammation and hard tissue formation was evaluated by histological analysis. Immunofluorescence staining for interleukin (IL)-6, osteocalcin (OCN) and runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) was also performed. RESULTS After 4 weeks, complete recovery from inflammation was evident in 22%, 37.5%, 10% and none of the ProRoot MTA, Biodentine, RetroMTA and Dycal samples, respectively. Heavy hard tissue deposition as a continuous hard tissue bridge was observed in 77.8%, 75%, 70% and 60% of the ProRoot MTA, Biodentine, RetroMTA and Dycal samples, respectively. IL-6, OCN and RUNX2 were detected in all materials, mainly adjacent to areas of inflammation and reparative dentine formation. At one, two and 4 weeks, significant differences were not observed between the inflammation and hard tissue formation scores of the four material groups (p > .05). CONCLUSIONS In this study, pulpal inflammation was still present in most specimens at 4 weeks after pulp capping and a significant number of samples showed incomplete and discontinuous dentine bridge formation. The results of this study suggest that initial inflammatory conditions of the pulp may risk the prognosis of teeth treated with CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Chung
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Oral Science Research Center, Microscope Center, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, South Korea
| | - S Lee
- Oral Science Research Center, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, South Korea
| | - S Kim
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Oral Science Research Center, Microscope Center, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, South Korea
| | - E Kim
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Oral Science Research Center, Microscope Center, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, South Korea
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Sukarawan W, Rattanawarawipa P, Yaemkleebbua K, Nowwarote N, Pavasant P, Limjeerajarus CN, Osathanon T. Wnt3a promotes odonto/osteogenic differentiation in vitro and tertiary dentin formation in a rat model. Int Endod J 2023; 56:514-529. [PMID: 36633501 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effect of Wnt3a on odonto/osteogenic differentiation of stem cells isolated from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs) and reparative dentine formation in a rat model. METHODOLOGY Stem cells isolated from human exfoliated deciduous teeth were cultured in media with Wnt3a (50-200 ng/ml). Wnt activation was confirmed by β-catenin immunocytochemistry. Colony-forming unit assay (normalized percentage area), osteogenic gene expression analysis by real-time polymerase chain reaction and mineralization assays measured by the absorption at 540 nm were performed. Tertiary dentine formation in vivo was evaluated using 8-week-old, male Wistar rats. Cavities with pinpoint pulp exposure by a sharp instrument were prepared at the mesial surface of the first molars. Teeth were divided into (n = 6): (1) distilled water (negative control), (2) phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), (3) lithium chloride in DI (20 μM), and (4) Wnt3a in PBS (200 ng/ml). Collagen sponge was used as a scaffold. The cavity was sealed with glass ionomer restoration. Four weeks later, animals were euthanized by sodium pentobarbital (120 mg/kg body weight). Hard tissue formation was evaluated using micro-computerized tomography. Sixty consecutive slides from the initial plane were analysed and calculated as bone/dentine volume per total tissue volume. Paraffin sections (2 μm) were stained with haematoxylin and eosin and Masson's trichrome for morphological evaluation. Data are presented as the mean ± standard error. Mann-Whitney U test was used for two-group comparison. Kruskal Wallis followed by pairwise comparison was employed for three or more group comparisons. Statistical analysis was performed using GraphPad Prism 7. Differences were considered significant at p < .05. RESULTS Wnt3a decreased SHEDs colony formation and increased OSX, BMP2, and DMP1 expression, corresponding to an increase in mineralization. Additionally, a significant increase in dentine/bone volume per total tissue volume was observed in Wnt3a treated defects. Dentine bridge formation at the exposure sites treated with Wnt3a demonstrated, while fibrous tissues were observed in the control. CONCLUSIONS Wnt3a suppressed proliferation, increased osteogenic differentiation of SHEDs and promotes tertiary dentine formation. Wnt3a could be utilized as biological molecule for vital pulp therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleerat Sukarawan
- Dental Stem Cell Biology Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Panarat Rattanawarawipa
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kamonwan Yaemkleebbua
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nunthawan Nowwarote
- Dental Stem Cell Biology Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMRS 1138, Molecular Oral Pathophysiology, Paris, France.,Dental Faculty Garancière, Oral Biology Department, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Prasit Pavasant
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chalida Nakalekha Limjeerajarus
- Dental Stem Cell Biology Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thanaphum Osathanon
- Dental Stem Cell Biology Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Kornsuthisopon C, Tompkins KA, Osathanon T. Tideglusib enhances odontogenic differentiation in human dental pulp stem cells in vitro. Int Endod J 2023; 56:369-384. [PMID: 36458950 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
AIM Tideglusib is a small molecule agonist of the canonical Wnt pathway. The present study investigated the influence of Tideglusib on human dental pulp stem cell (hDPSC) proliferation, apoptosis, migration and odonto/osteogenic differentiation. METHODOLOGY hDPSCs were treated with 50, 100 nM or 200 nM Tideglusib. β-catenin accumulation was detected by immunofluorescence staining. Colony-forming unit ability was assessed by staining with Coomassie blue. Cell cycle progression and cell apoptosis were investigated using flow cytometry. Cell migration was examined using an in vitro wound-healing assay. Osteogenic differentiation was examined using alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining, alizarin red S staining and osteogenic-related gene expression. The gene expression profile was examined using a high-throughput RNA sequencing technique. All experiments were repeated using cells derived from at least four different donors (n = 4). The Mann-Whitney U-test was used to identify significant differences between two independent group comparisons. For three or more group comparisons, statistical differences were assessed using the Kruskal-Wallis test followed by pairwise comparison. The significance level was set at 5% (p < .05). RESULTS Tideglusib activated the Wnt signalling pathway in hDPSCs as demonstrated by an increase in cytoplasmic β-catenin accumulation and nuclear translocation. Tideglusib did not affect hDPSC proliferation, cell cycle progression, cell apoptosis or cell migration. In contrast, 50 and 100 nM Tideglusib significantly enhanced mineralization and osteogenic marker gene expression (RUNX2, ALP, BMP2 and DSPP; p < .05). CONCLUSIONS Tideglusib enhanced the odonto/osteogenic differentiation of hDPSCs. Therefore, incorporating this bioactive molecule in a pulp-capping material could be a promising strategy to promote dentine repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chatvadee Kornsuthisopon
- Dental Stem Cell Biology Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kevin A Tompkins
- Office of Research Affairs, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thanaphum Osathanon
- Dental Stem Cell Biology Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Office of Research Affairs, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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9
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6-Bromoindirubin-3′-Oxime Regulates Colony Formation, Apoptosis, and Odonto/Osteogenic Differentiation in Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158676. [PMID: 35955809 PMCID: PMC9368902 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
6-bromoindirubin-3′-oxime (BIO) is a candidate small molecule that effectively modulates Wnt signalling owing to its stable property. The present study investigated the influence of BIO on the odonto/osteogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs). hDPSCs were treated with 200, 400, or 800 nM BIO, and the effects on hDPSC responses and osteogenic differentiation were assessed. BIO-mediated Wnt activation was confirmed by β-catenin nuclear translocation detected by immunofluorescence staining. BIO attenuated colony formation and cell migration determined by in vitro wound-healing assay. BIO increased early apoptotic cell population evaluated using flow cytometry. For osteogenic induction, BIO promoted alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and mineralisation in a dose-dependent manner. ALP, RUNX2, OCN, OSX, ANKH, DMP1, and DSPP mRNA expression were significantly upregulated. The OPG/RANKL expression ratio was also increased. Further, BIO attenuated adipogenic differentiation as demonstrated by decreased lipid accumulation and adipogenic-related gene expression. Bioinformatic analysis of RNA sequencing data from the BIO-treated hDPSCs revealed that BIO modulated pathways related to autophagy and actin cytoskeleton regulation. These findings demonstrated that BIO treatment promoted hDPSC osteogenic differentiation. Therefore, this small molecule is a strong candidate as a bioactive molecule to enhance dentin repair.
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Palczewska-Komsa MP, Gapiński B, Nowicka A. The Influence of New Bioactive Materials on Pulp–Dentin Complex Regeneration in the Assessment of Cone Bone Computed Tomography (CBCT) and Computed Micro-Tomography (Micro-CT) from a Present and Future Perspective—A Systematic Review. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11113091. [PMID: 35683478 PMCID: PMC9181092 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11113091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present paper is the first article providing a systematic literature review on the visualization of tertiary dentin influenced by modern bioactive materials in CBCT and micro-CT. Six database searches of studies on tertiary dentin visualization using CBCT produced 622 records in total, and the search of the studies on tertiary dentin using micro-CT produced 502 records in total. The results were thoroughly selected considering the inclusion criteria, and five research papers using CBCT and nine research papers using micro-CT for visualization of tertiary dentin were eventually qualified for the analysis. All the non-randomized and randomized studies presented good and high levels of quality evidence, respectively. Among the bioactive materials used, the most frequently analysed were: MTA, Biodentine dentin matrix hydrogel, Pro Root MTA, and EndoSequence root repair material. The highest thickness of the tertiary dentin was achieved after the use of MTA material in both imaging techniques. The remaining parameters had different results, taking into account the CBCT and micro-CT analysis. The possibilities of the qualitative and quantitative assessment of the particular parameters of tertiary dentin using CBCT and micro-CT techniques were presented and analysed. CBCT and micro-CT analyses can be useful in the assessment of tertiary dentin formed beneath the bioactive material applied during vital pulp treatment. The research argues that the presented results differ depending on the material applied to the pulp, the study duration (4–6 weeks), difference in teeth, species (rats, human), as well as the applied technique and differences in computer software used for the analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirona Paula Palczewska-Komsa
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstanców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Bartosz Gapiński
- Division of Metrology and Measurement Systems, Institute of Mechanical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Jana Pawła II 24, 60-965 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Alicja Nowicka
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstanców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
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Nowwarote N, Petit S, Ferre FC, Dingli F, Laigle V, Loew D, Osathanon T, Fournier BPJ. Extracellular Matrix Derived From Dental Pulp Stem Cells Promotes Mineralization. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 9:740712. [PMID: 35155398 PMCID: PMC8829122 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.740712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a pivotal role in many physiological processes. ECM macromolecules and associated factors differ according to tissues, impact cell differentiation, and tissue homeostasis. Dental pulp ECM may differ from other oral tissues and impact mineralization. Thus, the present study aimed to identify the matrisome of ECM proteins derived from human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and its ability to regulate mineralization even in cells which do not respond to assaults by mineralization, the human gingival fibroblasts (GF). Methods: ECM were extracted from DPSCs cultured in normal growth medium supplemented with L-ascorbic acid (N-ECM) or in osteogenic induction medium (OM-ECM). ECM decellularization (dECM) was performed using 0.5% triton X-100 in 20 mM ammonium hydroxide after 21 days. Mass spectrometry and proteomic analysis identified and quantified matrisome proteins. Results: The dECM contained ECM proteins but lacked cellular components and mineralization. Interestingly, collagens (COL6A1, COL6A2, and COL6A3) and elastic fibers (FBN1, FBLN2, FN1, and HSPG2) were significantly represented in N-ECM, while annexins (ANXA1, ANXA4, ANXA5, ANXA6, ANXA7, and ANXA11) were significantly overdetected in OM-ECM. GF were reseeded on N-dECM and OM-dECM and cultured in normal or osteogenic medium. GF were able to attach and proliferate on N-dECM and OM-dECM. Both dECM enhanced mineralization of GF at day 14 compared to tissue culture plate (TCP). In addition, OM-dECM promoted higher mineralization of GF than N-dECM although cultured in growth medium. Conclusions: ECM derived from DPSCs proved to be osteoinductive, and this knowledge supported cell-derived ECM can be further utilized for tissue engineering of mineralized tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nunthawan Nowwarote
- Dental Stem Cell Biology Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM UMRS 1138, Molecular Oral Pathophysiology, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Department of Oral Biology, Dental Faculty Garancière, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Stephane Petit
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM UMRS 1138, Molecular Oral Pathophysiology, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Francois Come Ferre
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM UMRS 1138, Molecular Oral Pathophysiology, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Florent Dingli
- Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse Protéomique, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Victor Laigle
- Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse Protéomique, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Damarys Loew
- Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse Protéomique, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Thanaphum Osathanon
- Dental Stem Cell Biology Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- *Correspondence: Thanaphum Osathanon, ; Benjamin P. J. Fournier,
| | - Benjamin P. J. Fournier
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM UMRS 1138, Molecular Oral Pathophysiology, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Department of Oral Biology, Dental Faculty Garancière, Université de Paris, Paris, France
- *Correspondence: Thanaphum Osathanon, ; Benjamin P. J. Fournier,
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12
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Novel Bioactive Adhesive Monomer CMET Promotes Odontogenic Differentiation and Dentin Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312728. [PMID: 34884533 PMCID: PMC8657467 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro effect of the novel bioactive adhesive monomer CMET, a calcium salt of 4-methacryloxyethyl trimellitate acid (4-MET), on human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) and its capacity to induce tertiary dentin formation in a rat pulp injury model. Aqueous solutions of four tested materials [4-MET, CMET, Ca(OH)2, and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA)] were added to the culture medium upon confluence, and solvent (dH2O) was used as a control. Cell proliferation was assessed using the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, and cell differentiation was evaluated by real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The mineralization-inducing capacity was evaluated using alizarin red S staining and an alkaline phosphatase activity assay. For an in vivo experiment, a mechanical pulp exposure model was prepared on Wistar rats; damaged pulp was capped with Ca(OH)2 or CMET. Cavities were sealed with composite resin, and specimens were assessed after 14 and 28 days. The in vitro results showed that CMET exhibited the lowest cytotoxicity and highest odontogenic differentiation capacity among all tested materials. The favorable outcome on cell mineralization after treatment with CMET involved p38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinases signaling. The nuclear factor kappa B pathway was involved in the CMET-induced mRNA expression of odontogenic markers. Similar to Ca(OH)2, CMET produced a continuous hard tissue bridge at the pulp exposure site, but treatment with only CMET produced a regular dentinal tubule pattern. The findings suggest that (1) the evaluated novel bioactive adhesive monomer provides favorable biocompatibility and odontogenic induction capacity and that (2) CMET might be a very promising adjunctive for pulp-capping materials.
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13
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Kornsuthisopon C, Photichailert S, Nowwarote N, Tompkins KA, Osathanon T. Wnt signaling in dental pulp homeostasis and dentin regeneration. Arch Oral Biol 2021; 134:105322. [PMID: 34844087 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2021.105322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Wnt signaling is crucial in the physiological and pathological processes of dental pulp tissues. The present study described the effects of Wnt signaling in dental pulp homeostasis and regeneration. DESIGN Publications in Pubmed and Scopus database were searched, and a narrative review was performed. The roles of Wnt signaling in dental pulp tissue were reviewed and discussed. RESULT In vitro and in vivo evidence have confirmed the involvement of Wnt signaling in tooth development, dental pulp homeostasis, and physiological processes in dental pulp responses. Manipulating Wnt signaling components generates beneficial effects on pulp healing, dentin repair, and epigenetic regulation related to stemness maintenance, implying that Wnt signaling is a potential therapeutic target for future clinical dental applications. Additionally, an overview of the epigenetic control of dental pulp stem cells by Wnt signaling is provided. CONCLUSION This review provides basic knowledge on Wnt signaling and outlines its functions in dental pulp tissues, focusing on their potential as therapeutic treatments by targeting the Wnt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chatvadee Kornsuthisopon
- Dental Stem Cell Biology Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Suphalak Photichailert
- Dental Stem Cell Biology Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Nunthawan Nowwarote
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Universite de Paris, Sorbonne Universite, INSERM UMRS 1138, Molecular Oral Pathophysiology and Universite de Paris, Dental Faculty Garanciere, Oral Biology Department, Paris F-75006, France
| | - Kevin A Tompkins
- Office of Research Affairs, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Thanaphum Osathanon
- Dental Stem Cell Biology Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
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14
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Zhang Z, Pan X, Chen M, Bai M. Wnt signalling in oral and maxillofacial diseases. Cell Biol Int 2021; 46:34-45. [PMID: 34643311 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Wnts include more than 19 types of secreted glycoproteins that are involved in a wide range of pathological processes in oral and maxillofacial diseases. The transmission of Wnt signalling from the extracellular matrix into the nucleus includes canonical pathways and noncanonical pathways, which play an important role in tooth development, alveolar bone regeneration, and related diseases. In recent years, with the in-depth study of Wnt signalling in oral and maxillofacial-related diseases, many new conclusions and perspectives have been reached, and there are also some controversies. This article aims to summarise the roles of Wnt signalling in various oral diseases, including periodontitis, dental pulp disease, jaw disease, cleft palate, and abnormal tooth development, to provide researchers with a better and more comprehensive understanding of Wnts in oral and maxillofacial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaowei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinyue Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingyang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingru Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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15
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Islam R, Toida Y, Chen F, Tanaka T, Inoue S, Kitamura T, Yoshida Y, Chowdhury AFMA, Ahmed HMA, Sano H. Histological evaluation of a novel phosphorylated pullulan-based pulp capping material: An in vivo study on rat molars. Int Endod J 2021; 54:1902-1914. [PMID: 34096634 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the dental pulp response to a novel mineral trioxide aggregate containing phosphorylated pullulan (MTAPPL) in rats after direct pulp capping. METHODS Ninety-six cavities were prepared in the maxillary first molars of 56 male Wistar rats. The dental pulps were intentionally exposed and randomly divided into four groups according to the application of pulp capping materials: MTAPPL; phosphorylated pullulan (PPL); a conventional MTA (Nex-Cem MTA, NCMTA; positive control); and Super-Bond (SB; negative control). All cavities were restored with SB and observed for pulpal responses at 1-, 3-, 7- and 28-day intervals using a histological scoring system. Statistical analysis was performed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U-test with Bonferroni's correction, and the level of significance was set at 0.05. DMP1 and CD34 antigen were used to evaluate odontoblast differentiation and pulpal vascularization, respectively. RESULTS On day 1, mild inflammatory cells were present in MTAPPL and NCMTA groups; fewer inflammatory cells were present in the PPL, whereas SB was associated with a mild-to-moderate inflammatory response. A significant difference was observed between PPL and SB (p < .05). No mineralized tissue deposition was observed. On day 3, moderate-to-severe inflammatory cells were present in PPL and SB, whereas MTAPPL and NCMTA had a mild inflammatory response. Initial mineralized tissue deposition was observed in the NCMTA, MTAPPL and SB. A significant difference was observed between MTAPPL and PPL (p < .05). On day 7, a thin layer of mineralized tissue was observed in all tested groups with no or mild inflammatory response. On day 28, no inflammatory response was observed in MTAPPL, whereas NCMTA, PPL and SB had mild inflammatory responses. A significant difference was observed between MTAPPL and SB (p < .05). Complete mineralized tissue barrier formation was observed in MTAPPL, NCMTA and PPL with no significant difference (p > .05). SB exhibited incomplete mineralized tissue barriers, significantly different from NCMTA, MTAPPL and PPL (p < .05). The staining with CD34 was positive in all the groups on all observation days. CONCLUSION The favourable pulpal responses and induction of mineralized tissue formation associated with MTAPPL indicate its potential application as a direct pulp capping material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafiqul Islam
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yu Toida
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Fei Chen
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Toru Tanaka
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Satoshi Inoue
- Section for Clinical Education, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Kitamura
- Department of Vascular Biology and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Yoshida
- Department of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Abu Faem Mohammad Almas Chowdhury
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan.,Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sapporo Dental College and Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Hany Mohamed Aly Ahmed
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hidehiko Sano
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
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16
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Qiu YJ, Tang J, Saito T. A novel bio-active adhesive monomer induces odontoblast differentiation: a comparative study. Int Endod J 2021; 53:1413-1429. [PMID: 33460206 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the in vitro effect of the novel adhesive monomer CMET, a calcium salt of 4-methacryloxyethyl trimellitate (4-MET), on the proliferation, mineralization and differentiation of odontoblast-like cells, comparing with 4-MET, calcium hydroxide (CH) and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA). METHODOLOGY Rat odontoblast-like MDPC-23 cells were cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) supplemented with 5% foetal bovine serum. The powder of four tested materials (CMET, 4-MET, CH and MTA) was first dissolved in distilled water (dH2O) and then was diluted by DMEM to yield final concentrations. Solvent (dH2O) was used as a control. Cell viability was assessed using CCK-8 assay. Real-time RT-PCR was used to quantify the mRNA expression of odontogenic markers, cytokines and integrins. Mineralization inducing capacity was evaluated by alkaline phosphatase (ALPase) activity and alizarin red S staining. Statistical analyses were performed using one-way anova and post hoc Tukey's HSD test, with the significance level at 1%. RESULTS Cell viability was significantly greater in the CMET- (83 to 828 mmol L-1), CH- and MTA-treated (low concentrations) groups than that in the control group (P < 0.01). Higher concentrations of each material decreased the viable cells to different extents (P < 0.01). CMET treatment augmented the expression of several integrin subunits and exhibited the highest mRNA expression levels of odontogenic markers among all groups (P < 0.01). CH and MTA treatment caused significantly greater upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines expression than the other groups (P < 0.01). The calcific deposition of MDPC-23 cells was dose-dependently accelerated by the addition of CMET (P < 0.01); the enhancement of mineralization was also found in the fresh prepared CH and MTA treatments. Besides, CMET showed consistency in mineralization induction after 8 weeks storage. Exposure to SB202190, a specific p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases inhibitor, significantly decreased the ALPase activity as well as the mineral deposition which was enhanced by CMET treatment (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS The novel bio-active monomer had the lowest cytotoxicity among all groups and it induced the proliferation, mineralization and differentiation of odontoblast-like cells under appropriate concentrations. This adhesive monomer possesses excellent biocompatibility and hence exhibits great potential in dentine regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y J Qiu
- Division of Clinical Cariology and Endodontology, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - J Tang
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - T Saito
- Division of Clinical Cariology and Endodontology, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Hokkaido, Japan
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17
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Song W, Sun W, Chen L, Yuan Z. In vivo Biocompatibility and Bioactivity of Calcium Silicate-Based Bioceramics in Endodontics. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:580954. [PMID: 33195142 PMCID: PMC7658386 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.580954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Endodontic therapy aims to preserve or repair the activity and function of pulp and periapical tissues. Due to their excellent biological features, a substantial number of calcium silicate-based bioceramics have been introduced into endodontics and simultaneously increased the success rate of endodontic treatment. The present manuscript describes the in vivo biocompatibility and bioactivity of four types of calcium silicate-based bioceramics in endodontics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wencheng Song
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Lili Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhenglin Yuan
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
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18
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Nam OH, Lee HS, Kim JH, Chae YK, Hong SJ, Kang SW, Lee HS, Choi SC, Kim Y. Differential Gene Expression Changes in Human Primary Dental Pulp Cells Treated with Biodentine and TheraCal LC Compared to MTA. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8110445. [PMID: 33105546 PMCID: PMC7690278 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8110445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to analyze the effects of pulp capping materials on gene expression changes in primary tooth-derived dental pulp cells using next-generation sequencing. Dental pulp cells were extracted and treated with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), Biodentine (BD), or TheraCal LC (TC). Cell viability assays were performed. Total RNA was extracted and analyzed through mRNA sequencing. Bioinformatic analysis of differential gene expression in dental pulp cells exposed to BD or TC versus MTA was performed. MTA, BD, and TC exposure had no significant effect on pulp cell viability (p > 0.05). Gene sets associated with inflammatory response (p = 2.94 × 10−5) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) signaling via the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) pathway (p = 2.94 × 10−5) were enriched in all materials. In BD-treated cells, Wnt/β-catenin signaling (p = 3.15 × 10−4) gene sets were enriched, whereas enrichment of interferon gamma (IFN-γ) response (p = 3 × 10−3) was observed in TC-treated cells. In gene plot analysis, marked increases in receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand (RANKL) expression were seen in TC-treated cells over time. Despite the similar cell viabilities exhibited among MTA-, BD-, and TC-treated cells, patterns of gene networks differed, suggesting that diverse functional gene differences may be associated with treatment using these materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ok Hyung Nam
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Ho Sun Lee
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Jae-Hwan Kim
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Yong Kwon Chae
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Seoung-Jin Hong
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Sang Wook Kang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Hyo-Seol Lee
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Sung Chul Choi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Young Kim
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
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Histological evaluation of the regenerative potential of a novel treated dentin matrix hydrogel in direct pulp capping. Clin Oral Investig 2020; 25:2101-2112. [PMID: 32815038 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03521-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To produce a novel injectable treated dentin matrix hydrogel (TDMH) to be used as a novel pulp-capping agent for dentin regeneration compared with Biodentine and MTA. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty intact fully erupted premolars scheduled to be extracted for orthodontic reasons were included. Pulps were mechanically exposed in the middle of the cavity floor. TDMH was composed of TDM powder (500-μm particle size) and sodium alginate as an injectable scaffold. The capped teeth were divided into three equal groups (n = 10): TDMH, Biodentine, and MTA respectively. Clinical examination and assessment of periapical response were performed. The teeth were extracted after 2-weeks and 2-month intervals, stained with hematoxylin-eosin, and categorized by using a histologic scoring system. Statistical analysis was performed using chi-square and Kruskal-Wallis test (p = 0.05). RESULTS All teeth were vital during observation periods. Histological analysis after 2 months showed complete dentin bridge formation and absence of inflammatory pulp response with no significant differences between groups. However, the formed dentin was significantly thicker with the TDMH group with layers of well-arranged odontoblasts that were found to form a homogenous tubular structure with numerous dentinal tubule lines showing a positive trend to dentin regeneration. CONCLUSIONS TDMH could achieve dentin regeneration and conservation of pulp vitality and might serve as a feasible natural substitute for silicate-based cements in restoring in vivo dentin defect in direct pulp-capping procedure. TRIAL REGISTRATION PACTR201901866476410.
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20
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Kuramoto M, Kawashima N, Tazawa K, Nara K, Fujii M, Noda S, Hashimoto K, Nozaki K, Okiji T. Mineral trioxide aggregate suppresses pro-inflammatory cytokine expression via the calcineurin/nuclear factor of activated T cells/early growth response 2 pathway in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages. Int Endod J 2020; 53:1653-1665. [PMID: 32767860 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM To elucidate mechanisms by which mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) suppresses pro-inflammatory cytokine mRNA expression in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. METHODOLOGY Mineral trioxide aggregate extracts were prepared by immersing set ProRoot MTA in culture medium. RAW264.7 cells were cultured in the presence of LPS and MTA extracts. mRNA expression levels of interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-6, early growth response 2 (Egr2), suppressor of cytokine signalling 3 (Socs3) and IL-10 were quantified with reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Phosphorylation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) p65 in RAW264.7 cells was analysed by Western blotting. Intracellular calcium imaging was performed with Fluo-4 AM. The activity of nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) was determined by luciferase assays. Enforced expression and silencing of Egr2 in RAW264.7 cells were carried out using an expression vector and specific RNAi, respectively. In vivo kinetics of Egr2+ cells in MTA-treated rat molar pulp tissues were examined using immunohistochemistry. Data were analysed by one-way analysis of variance, followed by the Tukey-Kramer test (P < 0.05). RESULTS Exposure to MTA extracts resulted in reduced mRNA expression levels of IL-1α and IL-6, as well as reduced expression of phosphorylated NF-κB, in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Exposure to MTA extracts induced Ca2+ influx, which was blocked by NPS2143, an antagonist of calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR); Ca2+ influx then triggered activation of calcineurin/NFAT signalling and enhanced mRNA expression of Egr2. Enforced expression of Egr2 in RAW264.7 cells promoted the expression of both IL-10 and Socs3. In vivo application of MTA onto rat molar pulp tissue resulted in the appearance of Egr2-expressing cells that coexpressed CD163, a typical M2 macrophage marker. CONCLUSIONS Mineral trioxide aggregate extracts induced downregulation of IL-1α and IL-6 in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells via CaSR-induced activation of calcineurin/NFAT/Egr2 signalling and subsequent upregulation of IL-10 and Socs3.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kuramoto
- Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - N Kawashima
- Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - K Tazawa
- Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - K Nara
- Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - M Fujii
- Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - S Noda
- Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - K Hashimoto
- Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - K Nozaki
- Department of Restorative Sciences, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - T Okiji
- Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
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