1
|
Alexandre AM, Colò F, Brunetti V, Valente I, Frisullo G, Pedicelli A, Scarcia L, Rollo C, Falcou A, Milonia L, Andrighetti M, Piano M, Macera A, Commodaro C, Ruggiero M, Da Ros V, Bellini L, Lazzarotti GA, Cosottini M, Caragliano AA, Vinci SL, Gabrieli JD, Causin F, Panni P, Roveri L, Limbucci N, Arba F, Pileggi M, Bianco G, Romano DG, Diana F, Semeraro V, Burdi N, Ganimede MP, Lozupone E, Fasano A, Lafe E, Cavallini A, Russo R, Bergui M, Calabresi P, Della Marca G, Broccolini A. Mechanical thrombectomy in minor stroke due to isolated M2 occlusion: a multicenter retrospective matched analysis. J Neurointerv Surg 2023; 15:e198-e203. [PMID: 36223995 DOI: 10.1136/jnis-2022-019557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of mechanical thrombectomy (MT) in patients with isolated M2 occlusion and minor symptoms and identify possible baseline predictors of clinical outcome. METHODS The databases of 16 high-volume stroke centers were retrospectively screened for consecutive patients with isolated M2 occlusion and a baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score ≤5 who received either early MT (eMT) or best medical management (BMM) with the possibility of rescue MT (rMT) on early neurological worsening. Because our patients were not randomized, we used propensity score matching (PSM) to estimate the treatment effect of eMT compared with the BMM/rMT. The primary clinical outcome measure was a 90-day modified Rankin Scale score of 0-1. RESULTS 388 patients were initially selected and, after PSM, 100 pairs of patients receiving eMT or BMM/rMT were available for analysis. We found no significant differences in clinical outcome and in safety measures between patients receiving eMT or BMM/rMT. Similar results were also observed after comparison between eMT and rMT. Concerning baseline predicting factors of outcome, the involvement of the M2 inferior branch was associated with a favorable outcome. CONCLUSION Our multicenter retrospective analysis has shown no benefit of eMT in minor stroke patients with isolated M2 occlusion over a more conservative therapeutic approach. Although our results must be viewed with caution, in these patients it appears reasonable to consider BMM as the first option and rMT in the presence of early neurological deterioration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea M Alexandre
- Neuroradiology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Valerio Brunetti
- Neurology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Iacopo Valente
- Neuroradiology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Frisullo
- Neurology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Pedicelli
- Neuroradiology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Scarcia
- Catholic University School of Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Anne Falcou
- Stroke Unit, University Hospital Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Milonia
- Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Mariangela Piano
- Neuroradiology Unit, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Macera
- Neuroradiology Unit, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Valerio Da Ros
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University Hospital of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Bellini
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University Hospital of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Guido A Lazzarotti
- Neuroradiology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana (AOUP), Pisa, Italy
| | - Mirco Cosottini
- Neuroradiology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana (AOUP), Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Sergio L Vinci
- Neuroradiology Unit, AOU Policlinico G. Martino, Messina, Italy
| | - Joseph D Gabrieli
- Neuroradiology Unit, Policlinico Universitario di Padova, Padia, Italy
| | - Francesco Causin
- Neuroradiology Unit, Policlinico Universitario di Padova, Padia, Italy
| | - Pietro Panni
- Interventional Neuroradiology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele University Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Luisa Roveri
- Neurology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele University Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Limbucci
- Interventional Neurovascular Unit, A.O.U. Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Marco Pileggi
- Neuroradiology Unit, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland-EOC, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Giovanni Bianco
- Stroke Center, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland-EOC, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Daniele G Romano
- Neuroradiology Unit, AOU S Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi di Aragona, Salerno, Italy
| | - Francesco Diana
- Neuroradiology Unit, AOU S Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi di Aragona, Salerno, Italy
| | - Vittorio Semeraro
- Interventional Radiology Unit, "SS Annunziata" Hospital, Taranto, Italy
| | - Nicola Burdi
- Interventional Radiology Unit, "SS Annunziata" Hospital, Taranto, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Elvis Lafe
- Neuroradiology Unit, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Anna Cavallini
- Cerebrovascular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Mondino, Pavia, Italy
| | - Riccardo Russo
- Neuroradiology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
| | - Mauro Bergui
- Neuroradiology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
| | - Paolo Calabresi
- Catholic University School of Medicine, Rome, Italy
- Neurology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giacomo Della Marca
- Catholic University School of Medicine, Rome, Italy
- Neurology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Aldobrando Broccolini
- Catholic University School of Medicine, Rome, Italy
- Neurology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lemmens R, Hamilton SA, Liebeskind DS, Tomsick TA, Demchuk AM, Nogueira RG, Marks MP, Jahan R, Gralla J, Yoo AJ, Yeatts SD, Palesch YY, Saver JL, Pereira VM, Broderick JP, Albers GW, Lansberg MG. Effect of endovascular reperfusion in relation to site of arterial occlusion. Neurology 2016; 86:762-70. [PMID: 26802090 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000002399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess whether the association between reperfusion and improved clinical outcomes after stroke differs depending on the site of the arterial occlusive lesion (AOL). METHODS We pooled data from Solitaire With the Intention for Thrombectomy (SWIFT), Solitaire FR Thrombectomy for Acute Revascularisation (STAR), Diffusion and Perfusion Imaging Evaluation for Understanding Stroke Evolution Study 2 (DEFUSE 2), and Interventional Management of Stroke Trial (IMS III) to compare the strength of the associations between reperfusion and clinical outcomes in patients with internal carotid artery (ICA), proximal middle cerebral artery (MCA) (M1), and distal MCA (M2/3/4) occlusions. RESULTS Among 710 included patients, the site of the AOL was the ICA in 161, the proximal MCA in 389, and the distal MCA in 160 patients (M2 = 131, M3 = 23, and M4 = 6). Reperfusion was associated with an increase in the rate of good functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] score 0-2) in patients with ICA (odds ratio [OR] 3.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.7-7.2) and proximal MCA occlusions (OR 6.2, 95% CI 3.8-10.2), but not in patients with distal MCA occlusions (OR 1.4, 95% CI 0.8-2.6). Among patients with M2 occlusions, a subset of the distal MCA cohort, reperfusion was associated with excellent functional outcome (mRS 0-1; OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.0-4.7). CONCLUSIONS The association between endovascular reperfusion and better clinical outcomes is more profound in patients with ICA and proximal MCA occlusions compared to patients with distal MCA occlusions. Because there are limited data from randomized controlled trials on the effect of endovascular therapy in patients with distal MCA occlusions, these results underscore the need for inclusion of this subgroup in future endovascular therapy trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robin Lemmens
- From KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Belgium, Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology and Leuven Research Institute for Neuroscience and Disease (R.L.); University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Neurology (R.L.); VIB, Vesalius Research Center, Laboratory of Neurobiology (R.L.); Stanford Stroke Center (S.A.H., M.P.M., G.W.A., M.G.L.), Stanford University of Medicine, CA; Neurovascular Imaging Research Core and Department of Neurology and Comprehensive Stroke Center (D.S.L., J.L.S.), and Division of Interventional Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine (R.J.), University of California, Los Angeles; Departments of Radiology (T.A.T.) and Neurology (J.P.B.), University of Cincinnati Medical Center, OH; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Radiology (A.M.D.), Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada; Departments of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Radiology (R.G.N.), Emory University School of Medicine, Marcus Stroke and Neuroscience Center, Grady Memorial Hospital, Atlanta, GA; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (J.G.), University Hospital Bern, Switzerland; Division of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (A.J.Y.), Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Public Health Sciences (S.D.Y., Y.Y.P.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; and Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Medical Imaging, and Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery (V.M.P.), Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Canada.
| | - Scott A Hamilton
- From KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Belgium, Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology and Leuven Research Institute for Neuroscience and Disease (R.L.); University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Neurology (R.L.); VIB, Vesalius Research Center, Laboratory of Neurobiology (R.L.); Stanford Stroke Center (S.A.H., M.P.M., G.W.A., M.G.L.), Stanford University of Medicine, CA; Neurovascular Imaging Research Core and Department of Neurology and Comprehensive Stroke Center (D.S.L., J.L.S.), and Division of Interventional Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine (R.J.), University of California, Los Angeles; Departments of Radiology (T.A.T.) and Neurology (J.P.B.), University of Cincinnati Medical Center, OH; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Radiology (A.M.D.), Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada; Departments of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Radiology (R.G.N.), Emory University School of Medicine, Marcus Stroke and Neuroscience Center, Grady Memorial Hospital, Atlanta, GA; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (J.G.), University Hospital Bern, Switzerland; Division of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (A.J.Y.), Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Public Health Sciences (S.D.Y., Y.Y.P.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; and Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Medical Imaging, and Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery (V.M.P.), Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Canada
| | - David S Liebeskind
- From KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Belgium, Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology and Leuven Research Institute for Neuroscience and Disease (R.L.); University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Neurology (R.L.); VIB, Vesalius Research Center, Laboratory of Neurobiology (R.L.); Stanford Stroke Center (S.A.H., M.P.M., G.W.A., M.G.L.), Stanford University of Medicine, CA; Neurovascular Imaging Research Core and Department of Neurology and Comprehensive Stroke Center (D.S.L., J.L.S.), and Division of Interventional Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine (R.J.), University of California, Los Angeles; Departments of Radiology (T.A.T.) and Neurology (J.P.B.), University of Cincinnati Medical Center, OH; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Radiology (A.M.D.), Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada; Departments of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Radiology (R.G.N.), Emory University School of Medicine, Marcus Stroke and Neuroscience Center, Grady Memorial Hospital, Atlanta, GA; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (J.G.), University Hospital Bern, Switzerland; Division of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (A.J.Y.), Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Public Health Sciences (S.D.Y., Y.Y.P.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; and Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Medical Imaging, and Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery (V.M.P.), Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Canada
| | - Tom A Tomsick
- From KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Belgium, Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology and Leuven Research Institute for Neuroscience and Disease (R.L.); University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Neurology (R.L.); VIB, Vesalius Research Center, Laboratory of Neurobiology (R.L.); Stanford Stroke Center (S.A.H., M.P.M., G.W.A., M.G.L.), Stanford University of Medicine, CA; Neurovascular Imaging Research Core and Department of Neurology and Comprehensive Stroke Center (D.S.L., J.L.S.), and Division of Interventional Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine (R.J.), University of California, Los Angeles; Departments of Radiology (T.A.T.) and Neurology (J.P.B.), University of Cincinnati Medical Center, OH; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Radiology (A.M.D.), Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada; Departments of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Radiology (R.G.N.), Emory University School of Medicine, Marcus Stroke and Neuroscience Center, Grady Memorial Hospital, Atlanta, GA; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (J.G.), University Hospital Bern, Switzerland; Division of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (A.J.Y.), Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Public Health Sciences (S.D.Y., Y.Y.P.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; and Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Medical Imaging, and Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery (V.M.P.), Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Canada
| | - Andrew M Demchuk
- From KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Belgium, Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology and Leuven Research Institute for Neuroscience and Disease (R.L.); University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Neurology (R.L.); VIB, Vesalius Research Center, Laboratory of Neurobiology (R.L.); Stanford Stroke Center (S.A.H., M.P.M., G.W.A., M.G.L.), Stanford University of Medicine, CA; Neurovascular Imaging Research Core and Department of Neurology and Comprehensive Stroke Center (D.S.L., J.L.S.), and Division of Interventional Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine (R.J.), University of California, Los Angeles; Departments of Radiology (T.A.T.) and Neurology (J.P.B.), University of Cincinnati Medical Center, OH; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Radiology (A.M.D.), Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada; Departments of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Radiology (R.G.N.), Emory University School of Medicine, Marcus Stroke and Neuroscience Center, Grady Memorial Hospital, Atlanta, GA; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (J.G.), University Hospital Bern, Switzerland; Division of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (A.J.Y.), Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Public Health Sciences (S.D.Y., Y.Y.P.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; and Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Medical Imaging, and Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery (V.M.P.), Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Canada
| | - Raul G Nogueira
- From KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Belgium, Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology and Leuven Research Institute for Neuroscience and Disease (R.L.); University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Neurology (R.L.); VIB, Vesalius Research Center, Laboratory of Neurobiology (R.L.); Stanford Stroke Center (S.A.H., M.P.M., G.W.A., M.G.L.), Stanford University of Medicine, CA; Neurovascular Imaging Research Core and Department of Neurology and Comprehensive Stroke Center (D.S.L., J.L.S.), and Division of Interventional Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine (R.J.), University of California, Los Angeles; Departments of Radiology (T.A.T.) and Neurology (J.P.B.), University of Cincinnati Medical Center, OH; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Radiology (A.M.D.), Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada; Departments of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Radiology (R.G.N.), Emory University School of Medicine, Marcus Stroke and Neuroscience Center, Grady Memorial Hospital, Atlanta, GA; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (J.G.), University Hospital Bern, Switzerland; Division of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (A.J.Y.), Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Public Health Sciences (S.D.Y., Y.Y.P.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; and Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Medical Imaging, and Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery (V.M.P.), Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Canada
| | - Michael P Marks
- From KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Belgium, Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology and Leuven Research Institute for Neuroscience and Disease (R.L.); University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Neurology (R.L.); VIB, Vesalius Research Center, Laboratory of Neurobiology (R.L.); Stanford Stroke Center (S.A.H., M.P.M., G.W.A., M.G.L.), Stanford University of Medicine, CA; Neurovascular Imaging Research Core and Department of Neurology and Comprehensive Stroke Center (D.S.L., J.L.S.), and Division of Interventional Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine (R.J.), University of California, Los Angeles; Departments of Radiology (T.A.T.) and Neurology (J.P.B.), University of Cincinnati Medical Center, OH; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Radiology (A.M.D.), Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada; Departments of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Radiology (R.G.N.), Emory University School of Medicine, Marcus Stroke and Neuroscience Center, Grady Memorial Hospital, Atlanta, GA; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (J.G.), University Hospital Bern, Switzerland; Division of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (A.J.Y.), Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Public Health Sciences (S.D.Y., Y.Y.P.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; and Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Medical Imaging, and Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery (V.M.P.), Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Canada
| | - Reza Jahan
- From KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Belgium, Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology and Leuven Research Institute for Neuroscience and Disease (R.L.); University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Neurology (R.L.); VIB, Vesalius Research Center, Laboratory of Neurobiology (R.L.); Stanford Stroke Center (S.A.H., M.P.M., G.W.A., M.G.L.), Stanford University of Medicine, CA; Neurovascular Imaging Research Core and Department of Neurology and Comprehensive Stroke Center (D.S.L., J.L.S.), and Division of Interventional Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine (R.J.), University of California, Los Angeles; Departments of Radiology (T.A.T.) and Neurology (J.P.B.), University of Cincinnati Medical Center, OH; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Radiology (A.M.D.), Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada; Departments of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Radiology (R.G.N.), Emory University School of Medicine, Marcus Stroke and Neuroscience Center, Grady Memorial Hospital, Atlanta, GA; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (J.G.), University Hospital Bern, Switzerland; Division of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (A.J.Y.), Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Public Health Sciences (S.D.Y., Y.Y.P.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; and Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Medical Imaging, and Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery (V.M.P.), Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Canada
| | - Jan Gralla
- From KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Belgium, Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology and Leuven Research Institute for Neuroscience and Disease (R.L.); University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Neurology (R.L.); VIB, Vesalius Research Center, Laboratory of Neurobiology (R.L.); Stanford Stroke Center (S.A.H., M.P.M., G.W.A., M.G.L.), Stanford University of Medicine, CA; Neurovascular Imaging Research Core and Department of Neurology and Comprehensive Stroke Center (D.S.L., J.L.S.), and Division of Interventional Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine (R.J.), University of California, Los Angeles; Departments of Radiology (T.A.T.) and Neurology (J.P.B.), University of Cincinnati Medical Center, OH; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Radiology (A.M.D.), Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada; Departments of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Radiology (R.G.N.), Emory University School of Medicine, Marcus Stroke and Neuroscience Center, Grady Memorial Hospital, Atlanta, GA; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (J.G.), University Hospital Bern, Switzerland; Division of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (A.J.Y.), Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Public Health Sciences (S.D.Y., Y.Y.P.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; and Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Medical Imaging, and Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery (V.M.P.), Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Canada
| | - Albert J Yoo
- From KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Belgium, Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology and Leuven Research Institute for Neuroscience and Disease (R.L.); University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Neurology (R.L.); VIB, Vesalius Research Center, Laboratory of Neurobiology (R.L.); Stanford Stroke Center (S.A.H., M.P.M., G.W.A., M.G.L.), Stanford University of Medicine, CA; Neurovascular Imaging Research Core and Department of Neurology and Comprehensive Stroke Center (D.S.L., J.L.S.), and Division of Interventional Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine (R.J.), University of California, Los Angeles; Departments of Radiology (T.A.T.) and Neurology (J.P.B.), University of Cincinnati Medical Center, OH; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Radiology (A.M.D.), Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada; Departments of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Radiology (R.G.N.), Emory University School of Medicine, Marcus Stroke and Neuroscience Center, Grady Memorial Hospital, Atlanta, GA; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (J.G.), University Hospital Bern, Switzerland; Division of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (A.J.Y.), Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Public Health Sciences (S.D.Y., Y.Y.P.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; and Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Medical Imaging, and Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery (V.M.P.), Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Canada
| | - Sharon D Yeatts
- From KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Belgium, Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology and Leuven Research Institute for Neuroscience and Disease (R.L.); University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Neurology (R.L.); VIB, Vesalius Research Center, Laboratory of Neurobiology (R.L.); Stanford Stroke Center (S.A.H., M.P.M., G.W.A., M.G.L.), Stanford University of Medicine, CA; Neurovascular Imaging Research Core and Department of Neurology and Comprehensive Stroke Center (D.S.L., J.L.S.), and Division of Interventional Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine (R.J.), University of California, Los Angeles; Departments of Radiology (T.A.T.) and Neurology (J.P.B.), University of Cincinnati Medical Center, OH; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Radiology (A.M.D.), Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada; Departments of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Radiology (R.G.N.), Emory University School of Medicine, Marcus Stroke and Neuroscience Center, Grady Memorial Hospital, Atlanta, GA; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (J.G.), University Hospital Bern, Switzerland; Division of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (A.J.Y.), Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Public Health Sciences (S.D.Y., Y.Y.P.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; and Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Medical Imaging, and Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery (V.M.P.), Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Canada
| | - Yuko Y Palesch
- From KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Belgium, Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology and Leuven Research Institute for Neuroscience and Disease (R.L.); University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Neurology (R.L.); VIB, Vesalius Research Center, Laboratory of Neurobiology (R.L.); Stanford Stroke Center (S.A.H., M.P.M., G.W.A., M.G.L.), Stanford University of Medicine, CA; Neurovascular Imaging Research Core and Department of Neurology and Comprehensive Stroke Center (D.S.L., J.L.S.), and Division of Interventional Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine (R.J.), University of California, Los Angeles; Departments of Radiology (T.A.T.) and Neurology (J.P.B.), University of Cincinnati Medical Center, OH; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Radiology (A.M.D.), Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada; Departments of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Radiology (R.G.N.), Emory University School of Medicine, Marcus Stroke and Neuroscience Center, Grady Memorial Hospital, Atlanta, GA; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (J.G.), University Hospital Bern, Switzerland; Division of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (A.J.Y.), Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Public Health Sciences (S.D.Y., Y.Y.P.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; and Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Medical Imaging, and Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery (V.M.P.), Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Canada
| | - Jeffrey L Saver
- From KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Belgium, Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology and Leuven Research Institute for Neuroscience and Disease (R.L.); University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Neurology (R.L.); VIB, Vesalius Research Center, Laboratory of Neurobiology (R.L.); Stanford Stroke Center (S.A.H., M.P.M., G.W.A., M.G.L.), Stanford University of Medicine, CA; Neurovascular Imaging Research Core and Department of Neurology and Comprehensive Stroke Center (D.S.L., J.L.S.), and Division of Interventional Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine (R.J.), University of California, Los Angeles; Departments of Radiology (T.A.T.) and Neurology (J.P.B.), University of Cincinnati Medical Center, OH; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Radiology (A.M.D.), Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada; Departments of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Radiology (R.G.N.), Emory University School of Medicine, Marcus Stroke and Neuroscience Center, Grady Memorial Hospital, Atlanta, GA; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (J.G.), University Hospital Bern, Switzerland; Division of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (A.J.Y.), Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Public Health Sciences (S.D.Y., Y.Y.P.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; and Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Medical Imaging, and Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery (V.M.P.), Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Canada
| | - Vitor M Pereira
- From KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Belgium, Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology and Leuven Research Institute for Neuroscience and Disease (R.L.); University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Neurology (R.L.); VIB, Vesalius Research Center, Laboratory of Neurobiology (R.L.); Stanford Stroke Center (S.A.H., M.P.M., G.W.A., M.G.L.), Stanford University of Medicine, CA; Neurovascular Imaging Research Core and Department of Neurology and Comprehensive Stroke Center (D.S.L., J.L.S.), and Division of Interventional Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine (R.J.), University of California, Los Angeles; Departments of Radiology (T.A.T.) and Neurology (J.P.B.), University of Cincinnati Medical Center, OH; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Radiology (A.M.D.), Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada; Departments of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Radiology (R.G.N.), Emory University School of Medicine, Marcus Stroke and Neuroscience Center, Grady Memorial Hospital, Atlanta, GA; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (J.G.), University Hospital Bern, Switzerland; Division of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (A.J.Y.), Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Public Health Sciences (S.D.Y., Y.Y.P.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; and Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Medical Imaging, and Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery (V.M.P.), Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Canada
| | - Joseph P Broderick
- From KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Belgium, Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology and Leuven Research Institute for Neuroscience and Disease (R.L.); University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Neurology (R.L.); VIB, Vesalius Research Center, Laboratory of Neurobiology (R.L.); Stanford Stroke Center (S.A.H., M.P.M., G.W.A., M.G.L.), Stanford University of Medicine, CA; Neurovascular Imaging Research Core and Department of Neurology and Comprehensive Stroke Center (D.S.L., J.L.S.), and Division of Interventional Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine (R.J.), University of California, Los Angeles; Departments of Radiology (T.A.T.) and Neurology (J.P.B.), University of Cincinnati Medical Center, OH; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Radiology (A.M.D.), Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada; Departments of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Radiology (R.G.N.), Emory University School of Medicine, Marcus Stroke and Neuroscience Center, Grady Memorial Hospital, Atlanta, GA; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (J.G.), University Hospital Bern, Switzerland; Division of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (A.J.Y.), Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Public Health Sciences (S.D.Y., Y.Y.P.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; and Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Medical Imaging, and Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery (V.M.P.), Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Canada
| | - Gregory W Albers
- From KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Belgium, Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology and Leuven Research Institute for Neuroscience and Disease (R.L.); University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Neurology (R.L.); VIB, Vesalius Research Center, Laboratory of Neurobiology (R.L.); Stanford Stroke Center (S.A.H., M.P.M., G.W.A., M.G.L.), Stanford University of Medicine, CA; Neurovascular Imaging Research Core and Department of Neurology and Comprehensive Stroke Center (D.S.L., J.L.S.), and Division of Interventional Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine (R.J.), University of California, Los Angeles; Departments of Radiology (T.A.T.) and Neurology (J.P.B.), University of Cincinnati Medical Center, OH; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Radiology (A.M.D.), Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada; Departments of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Radiology (R.G.N.), Emory University School of Medicine, Marcus Stroke and Neuroscience Center, Grady Memorial Hospital, Atlanta, GA; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (J.G.), University Hospital Bern, Switzerland; Division of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (A.J.Y.), Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Public Health Sciences (S.D.Y., Y.Y.P.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; and Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Medical Imaging, and Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery (V.M.P.), Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Canada
| | - Maarten G Lansberg
- From KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Belgium, Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology and Leuven Research Institute for Neuroscience and Disease (R.L.); University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Neurology (R.L.); VIB, Vesalius Research Center, Laboratory of Neurobiology (R.L.); Stanford Stroke Center (S.A.H., M.P.M., G.W.A., M.G.L.), Stanford University of Medicine, CA; Neurovascular Imaging Research Core and Department of Neurology and Comprehensive Stroke Center (D.S.L., J.L.S.), and Division of Interventional Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine (R.J.), University of California, Los Angeles; Departments of Radiology (T.A.T.) and Neurology (J.P.B.), University of Cincinnati Medical Center, OH; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Radiology (A.M.D.), Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada; Departments of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Radiology (R.G.N.), Emory University School of Medicine, Marcus Stroke and Neuroscience Center, Grady Memorial Hospital, Atlanta, GA; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (J.G.), University Hospital Bern, Switzerland; Division of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (A.J.Y.), Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Public Health Sciences (S.D.Y., Y.Y.P.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; and Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Medical Imaging, and Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery (V.M.P.), Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Canada
| | | | | |
Collapse
|