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Engelen-Lee JY, Koopmans MM, Brouwer MC, Aronica E, van de Beek D. Histopathology of Listeria Meningitis. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2019; 77:950-957. [PMID: 30169667 PMCID: PMC6140438 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nly077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes meningitis is the third most common cause of bacterial meningitis in adults and has high mortality and morbidity rates. We describe the clinical course and score brain pathology of 5 patients who died of listeria meningitis. All patients were immunocompromised and ages ranged between 48 and 76 years. Three cases were confirmed by cerebrospinal fluid culture; one was confirmed by brain culture; and one diagnosis was based on a positive blood culture and neuropathological findings. Mild inflammation of meningeal arteries was found in 3 of 5 cases (60%). Moderate/severe ventriculitis was seen in 4 of 4 cases (100%), abscesses in 3 of 4 cases (75%), mild vascular inflammation in 4 of 5 cases (80%), mild/moderate hemorrhage in 2 of 4 cases (50%), mild/moderate thrombosis of meningeal artery in 3 of 5 cases (60%), and 1 case (25%) showed a moderate infarct. The inflammatory cells present in the meninges were characterized by a mix of monocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils and removal of apoptotic inflammatory cells by macrophages (efferocytosis). Gram stain showed intra- and extracellular presence of rod-shaped bacteria in 3 cases. Pathological examination was characterized by moderate to severe ventriculitis, abscesses and abundant efferocytosis which has been suggested to be exploited by L. monocytogenes for cell-to-cell spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo-Yeon Engelen-Lee
- Department of Neurology, Academic Medical Center, Center of Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Merel M Koopmans
- Department of Neurology, Academic Medical Center, Center of Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Matthijs C Brouwer
- Department of Neurology, Academic Medical Center, Center of Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eleonora Aronica
- Department of Neurology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN), Heemstede, The Netherlands
| | - Diederik van de Beek
- Department of Neurology, Academic Medical Center, Center of Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Management of Bacterial Meningitis in Adults in Korea. Infect Chemother 2012. [DOI: 10.3947/ic.2012.44.3.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Scholing M, Schneeberger PM, van den Dries P, Drenth JPH. Clinical features of liver involvement in adult patients with listeriosis. Review of the literature. Infection 2007; 35:212-8. [PMID: 17646920 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-007-6006-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2005] [Accepted: 03/27/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Clinical features of liver involvement due to Listeria monocytogenes infection in adults are rarely reported in literature. This is surprising, regarding the current opinion that the portal system is extensively involved in the first stages of pathogenesis in invasive L. monocytogenes disease. A literature search in the PubMed and Embase database revealed 34 cases with clinical features of hepatic involvement due to listeriosis. We systematically analyzed all case reports with respect to clinical manifestations, treatment and outcome. In addition, we added clinical information on a patient diagnosed with a solitary liver abscess due to L. monocytogenes, who was seen at our institution. This review describes the different presentations of liver-involvement reported in listeriosis; solitary liver abscess, multiple liver abscesses and diffuse or granulomatous hepatitis. Distinction between these different forms of liver involvement is clinically relevant as they have a different outcome. We delve into the different pathogenic events leading to different forms of liver involvement. In addition, diagnostic modalities and possible treatments are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Scholing
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Abstract
A review of infections in kidney transplant recipients is presented in this article, beginning with a discussion of the pretransplant infectious diseases evaluation and an overview of the timing of infectious posttransplant, and then focusing on individual types of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Patel
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
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López-Prieto MD, Aller Garciía AI, Alcaraz Garciía S, López Cepero J. Liver abscess due to Listeria monocytogenes. Clin Microbiol Infect 2000; 6:226-7. [PMID: 11168114 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2000.00060.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Avery RK, Barnes DS, Teran JC, Wiedemann HP, Hall G, Wacker T, Guth KJ, Frost JB, Mayes JT. Listeria monocytogenes tricuspid valve endocarditis with septic pulmonary emboli in a liver transplant recipient. Transpl Infect Dis 1999; 1:284-7. [PMID: 11428999 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-3062.1999.010407.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes has long been known as a pathogen of immunocompromised hosts, including solid organ and bone marrow transplant recipients. Its principal manifestations include bacteremia and meningitis. Endocarditis due to Listeria is far less common and in general affects the left side of the heart. We here report an unusual case of Listeria tricuspid valve endocarditis and septic pulmonary emboli in a sulfa-intolerant liver transplant recipient with a history of relapsing cytomegalovirus (CMV) hepatitis and an indwelling Hickman catheter. The literature on Listeria endocarditis and infections in transplant recipients is reviewed. The possible relationship between susceptibility to Listeria infection and the discontinuation of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole prophylaxis is of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Avery
- Department of Infectious Disease and Transplant Center, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
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Mylonakis E, Hohmann EL, Calderwood SB. Central nervous system infection with Listeria monocytogenes. 33 years' experience at a general hospital and review of 776 episodes from the literature. Medicine (Baltimore) 1998; 77:313-36. [PMID: 9772921 DOI: 10.1097/00005792-199809000-00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 270] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We reviewed 776 previously reported and 44 new cases of CNS listeriosis outside of pregnancy and the neonatal period, and evaluated the epidemiologic, diagnostic, and therapeutic characteristics of this infection. Among patients with Listeria meningitis/meningoencephalitis, hematologic malignancy and kidney transplantation were the leading predisposing factors, but 36% of patients had no underlying diseases recognized. The infection occurred throughout life, with a higher incidence before the age of 3 and after the age of 45-50 years. Fever, altered sensorium, and headache were the most common symptoms, but 42% of patients had no meningeal signs on admission. Compared with patients with acute meningitis due to other bacterial pathogens, patients with Listeria infection had a significantly lower incidence of meningeal signs, and the CSF profile was significantly less likely to have a high WBC count or a high protein concentration. Gram stain of CSF was negative in two-thirds of cases of CNS listeriosis. One-third of patients had focal neurologic findings, and approximately one-fourth developed seizures over their course. Mortality was 26% overall, and was higher among patients with seizures and those older than 65 years of age. Relapse occurred in 7% of episodes. Ampicillin for a minimum of 15-21 days (with an aminoglycoside for at least the first 7-10 days) remains the treatment of choice. Cerebritis/abscess due to L. monocytogenes, without meningeal involvement, is less common but may be diagnosed by blood cultures and CNS imaging, or by stereotactic biopsy. Longer antibiotic therapy (at least 5-6 weeks) is needed in the presence of localized CNS involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Mylonakis
- Infectious Disease Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston 02114, USA
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Abstract
Solid-organ transplantation is a therapeutic option for many human diseases. Infections are a major complication of solid-organ transplantation. All candidates should undergo a thorough infectious-disease screening prior to transplantation. There are three time frames, influenced by surgical factors, the level of immunosuppression, and environmental exposures, during which infections of specific types most frequently occur posttransplantation. Most infections during the first month are related to surgical complications. Opportunistic infections typically occur from the second to the sixth month. During the late posttransplant period (beyond 6 months), transplantation recipients suffer from the same infections seen in the general community. Opportunistic bacterial infections seen in transplant recipients include those caused by Legionella spp., Nocardia spp., Salmonella spp., and Listeria monocytogenes. Cytomegalovirus is the most common cause of viral infections. Herpes simplex virus, varicella-zoster virus, Epstein-Barr virus and others are also significant pathogens. Fungal infections, caused by both yeasts and mycelial fungi, are associated with the highest mortality rates. Mycobacterial, pneumocystis, and parasitic diseases may also occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Patel
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
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Silva Jr. JCT, Tavelin W, Ianhez LE, Mendes CFM, Sabbaga E. Infecção por listeria monocytogenes pós-transplante renal: relato de seis casos. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 1987. [DOI: 10.1590/s0036-46651987000400008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
São relatados 6 casos de listeriose em pacientes transplantados renais, que ocorreram entre 13 dias e 57 meses após iniciarem imunossupressão clássica, sendo 3 casos classificados como meningite, 2 casos como meningoencefalite e 1 caso como bacteremia. Houve um óbito e os 5 pacientes restantes apresentaram boa evolução. Com dados adicionais da literatura, são discutidos a epidemiologia, o diagnóstico e tratamento, da listeriose pós-transplante renal.
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Salata RA, King RE, Gose F, Pearson RD. Listeria monocytogenes cerebritis, bacteremia, and cutaneous lesions complicating hairy cell leukemia. Am J Med 1986; 81:1068-72. [PMID: 3799637 DOI: 10.1016/0002-9343(86)90410-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Hairy cell leukemia is a lymphoreticular malignancy characterized by a chronic course and multiple defects in host defense mechanisms. Infections are the major cause of morbidity and mortality in this malignancy. Opportunistic infections due to pathogens normally controlled by cell-mediated immune mechanisms have been increasingly described but have not included listerial infections. This report describes a case of disseminated Listeria monocytogenes infection including the uncommon manifestations of cerebritis and cutaneous lesions in a patient with hairy cell leukemia.
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Trautmann M, Wagner J, Chahin M, Weinke T. Listeria meningitis: report of ten recent cases and review of current therapeutic recommendations. J Infect 1985; 10:107-14. [PMID: 3925024 DOI: 10.1016/s0163-4453(85)91501-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Ten cases of meningitis due to Listeria monocytogenes were admitted to three hospitals in Berlin between 1978 and 1983. One patient was a premature infant in whom meningitis was diagnosed as part of typical granulomatosis infantiseptica. Another presented with signs of brainstem encephalitis which was confirmed post mortem. Positive blood cultures were obtained from five of the patients. Two strains of listeria were resistant and one was only moderately sensitive to penicillin. The three most recently isolated strains were tested for sensitivity to the third generation cephalosporins. All were resistant to latamoxef, and two were resistant to cefotaxime. The implications of these findings for the empirical treatment of purulent meningitis are discussed.
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Abstract
Although the survival of patients on chronic dialysis has improved in recent years, the quality and status of rehabilitation remains poor. Renal transplantation must be used to complement chronic dialysis in the management of these patients. Physicians should not be biased and commit their patients to one or the other form of long-term treatment.
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Bouvet E, Suter F, Gibert C, Witchitz JL, Bazin C, Vachon F. Severe meningitis due to Listeria monocytogenes. A review of 40 cases in adults. SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES 1982; 14:267-70. [PMID: 7163778 DOI: 10.3109/inf.1982.14.issue-4.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
During a 10-yr period, 40 cases of severe Listeria monocytogenes meningitis were observed. All patients showed consciousness disturbances and 27 of them (68%) focal neurologic signs. Cranial nerve palsies were common (57%). Early general seizures (13 patients) and presence of underlying disease (12 patients) were associated with a high mortality rate. Although the management of antibiotic therapy is open for discussion, chloramphenicol (used in 7 patients) seems to be more effective than other drugs.
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Stam J, Wolters EC, van Manen J, Verbeeten B. Listeria monocytogenes abscess in the basal ganglia. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1982; 45:757-9. [PMID: 6752348 PMCID: PMC1083176 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.45.8.757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Holden FA, Kaczmer JE, Kinahan CC. Listerial meningitis and renal allografts: a life-threatening affinity. Postgrad Med 1980; 68:69-74. [PMID: 7001420 DOI: 10.1080/00325481.1980.11715622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Two cases of Listeria monocytogenes infection in patients receiving immunosuppressive treatment after kidney transplantation are described. In the first, the infection, which occurred soon after transplantation and was accompanied by signs of mild chronic rejection, was the immediate cause of death. The other case occurred in a patient whose transplanted kidney had been functioning well for more than four years; this patient recovered. These cases, plus a review of 40 similar cases in the literature, point out the importance of anticipating possible listerial infection when septic meningitis arises in a patient with a transplanted kidney.
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Grønstøl H. Listeriosis in sheep. Isolation of Listeria monocytogenes from organs of slaughtered animals and dead animals submitted for post-mortem examination. Acta Vet Scand 1980. [PMID: 6770617 DOI: 10.1186/bf03546895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Abstract
A 74-year-old man was admitted to hospital with septicaemia and meningitis caused by Listeria monocytogenes. Subsequently 3 inpatients developed listeria septicaemia. Case-to-case transmission of the infection seems possible, although the method of transmission remains obscure.
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