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Piecyk A, Hahn MA, Roth O, Dheilly NM, Heins DC, Bell MA, Kalbe M. Cross-continental experimental infections reveal distinct defence mechanisms in populations of the three-spined stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus. Proc Biol Sci 2021; 288:20211758. [PMID: 34547906 PMCID: PMC8456148 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2021.1758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological traits of host-parasite associations depend on the effects of the host, the parasite and their interaction. Parasites evolve mechanisms to infect and exploit their hosts, whereas hosts evolve mechanisms to prevent infection and limit detrimental effects. The reasons why and how these traits differ across populations still remain unclear. Using experimental cross-infection of three-spined stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus and their species-specific cestode parasites Schistocephalus solidus from Alaskan and European populations, we disentangled host, parasite and interaction effects on epidemiological traits at different geographical scales. We hypothesized that host and parasite main effects would dominate both within and across continents, although interaction effects would show geographical variation of natural selection within and across continents. We found that mechanisms preventing infection (qualitative resistance) occurred only in a combination of hosts and parasites from different continents, while mechanisms limiting parasite burden (quantitative resistance) and reducing detrimental effects of infection (tolerance) were host-population specific. We conclude that evolution favours distinct defence mechanisms on different geographical scales and that it is important to distinguish concepts of qualitative resistance, quantitative resistance and tolerance in studies of macroparasite infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Piecyk
- Evolutionary Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany
- Evolutionary Ecology of Marine Fishes, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Megan A. Hahn
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Olivia Roth
- Evolutionary Ecology of Marine Fishes, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- Marine Evolutionary Biology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Nolwenn M. Dheilly
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - David C. Heins
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Michael A. Bell
- University of California Museum of Paleontology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Martin Kalbe
- Evolutionary Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany
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Reproductive compensation in female Palaemonetes argentinus (Decapoda: Natantia) due to Microphallus szidati (Trematoda) infection. J Helminthol 2020; 94:e204. [PMID: 33092670 DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x20000917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Parasites may affect host demographic characteristics because they can directly or indirectly cause the death of their hosts and/or influence their reproduction. Parasitism is therefore recognized as a factor that influences the composition and structure of populations and communities. One of these behaviours is the compensatory response: the host can compensate for the parasite losses effect, modifying the reproductive effort to enhance fitness. Ovigerus female Palaemonetes argentinus was collected and sorted into two groups according to the degree of development of their embryos: newly spawned embryos and embryos ready to hatch. The number of embryos and their dry weight for each female were determined. All parts of the female body were checked for parasites. The females of P. argentinus were parasitized by Microphalus szidati. We found that parasitized females produce more embryos but had more egg loss during development and the percentage of embryonic loss was higher in the parasitized females than in non-parasitized. Parasitized females produced lighter eggs than those from uninfected females. This supports the compensatory reproduction hypothesis suggested for this species. Parasitism can change life history traits in a way that fecundity can be compensated; this co-evolution between host and parasites will be population or context dependent. Parasites are a functional part of any ecosystem and as our results show, deleting parasites in life history traits and reproduction studies in free living organisms could lead to an incomplete picture of the true processes that happen in nature.
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Franke F, Raifarth N, Kurtz J, Scharsack JP. Consequences of divergent temperature optima in a host–parasite system. OIKOS 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.05864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frederik Franke
- Inst. for Evolution and Biodiversity, Univ. of Münster Hüfferstrasse 1, DE‐48149 Münster Germany
| | - Nadja Raifarth
- Inst. for Evolution and Biodiversity, Univ. of Münster Hüfferstrasse 1, DE‐48149 Münster Germany
| | - Joachim Kurtz
- Inst. for Evolution and Biodiversity, Univ. of Münster Hüfferstrasse 1, DE‐48149 Münster Germany
| | - Jörn P. Scharsack
- Inst. for Evolution and Biodiversity, Univ. of Münster Hüfferstrasse 1, DE‐48149 Münster Germany
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Spider mites escape bacterial infection by avoiding contaminated food. Oecologia 2018; 189:111-122. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-018-4316-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Are solo infections of the diphyllobothriidean cestode Schistocephalus solidus more virulent than multiple infections? Parasitology 2018; 146:97-104. [DOI: 10.1017/s003118201800094x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
AbstractWe performed a long-term natural experiment investigating the impact of the diphyllobotriidean cestode Schistocephalus solidus on the body condition and clutch size (CS) of threespine stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus, its second intermediate host, and the growth of larval parasites in host fish. We tested the hypothesis that single S. solidus infections were more virulent than multiple infections. We also asked whether the metrics of mean and total parasite mass (proxies for individual and total volume, respectively) were consistent with predictions of the resource constraints or the life history strategy (LHS) hypothesis for the growth of, hence exploitation by, larval helminths in intermediate hosts. The samples were drawn from Walby Lake, Alaska in eight of 11 years. Host body condition and CS (egg number per spawning bout) decreased significantly with intensity after adjustments for host size and parasite index. Thus, infections have an increasingly negative impact on measures of host fitness with greater intensity, in contrast to the hypothesis that single infections are more harmful than multiple infections. We also found that mean parasite mass decreased with intensity while total parasite mass increased with intensity as predicted by the LHS hypothesis.
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Franke F, Armitage SAO, Kutzer MAM, Kurtz J, Scharsack JP. Environmental temperature variation influences fitness trade-offs and tolerance in a fish-tapeworm association. Parasit Vectors 2017; 10:252. [PMID: 28571568 PMCID: PMC5455083 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-017-2192-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Increasing temperatures are predicted to strongly impact host-parasite interactions, but empirical tests are rare. Host species that are naturally exposed to a broad temperature spectrum offer the possibility to investigate the effects of elevated temperatures on hosts and parasites. Using three-spined sticklebacks, Gasterosteus aculeatus L., and tapeworms, Schistocephalus solidus (Müller, 1776), originating from a cold and a warm water site of a volcanic lake, we subjected sympatric and allopatric host-parasite combinations to cold and warm conditions in a fully crossed design. We predicted that warm temperatures would promote the development of the parasites, while the hosts might benefit from cooler temperatures. We further expected adaptations to the local temperature and mutual adaptations of local host-parasite pairs. Results Overall, S. solidus parasites grew faster at warm temperatures and stickleback hosts at cold temperatures. On a finer scale, we observed that parasites were able to exploit their hosts more efficiently at the parasite’s temperature of origin. In contrast, host tolerance towards parasite infection was higher when sticklebacks were infected with parasites at the parasite’s ‘foreign’ temperature. Cold-origin sticklebacks tended to grow faster and parasite infection induced a stronger immune response. Conclusions Our results suggest that increasing environmental temperatures promote the parasite rather than the host and that host tolerance is dependent on the interaction between parasite infection and temperature. Sticklebacks might use tolerance mechanisms towards parasite infection in combination with their high plasticity towards temperature changes to cope with increasing parasite infection pressures and rising temperatures. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-017-2192-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik Franke
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, University of Münster, Hüfferstrasse 1, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Sophie A O Armitage
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, University of Münster, Hüfferstrasse 1, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Megan A M Kutzer
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, University of Münster, Hüfferstrasse 1, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Joachim Kurtz
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, University of Münster, Hüfferstrasse 1, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Jörn P Scharsack
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, University of Münster, Hüfferstrasse 1, 48149, Münster, Germany.
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Million KM, Tarver CL, Hipe S, Stallsmith BW. Does Infection by the Monogenoidean Gill Parasite Aethycteron mooreiAffect Reproductive Ecology of the Darter Etheostoma flabellarein Mill Creek, Tennessee? COPEIA 2017. [DOI: 10.1643/ce-16-403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Gleichsner AM, Cleveland JA, Minchella DJ. One stimulus-Two responses: Host and parasite life-history variation in response to environmental stress. Evolution 2016; 70:2640-2646. [PMID: 27596485 DOI: 10.1111/evo.13061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa M. Gleichsner
- Department of Biological Sciences; Purdue University; 915 West State Street West Lafayette Indiana 47907
| | - Jessica A. Cleveland
- Department of Biological Sciences; Purdue University; 915 West State Street West Lafayette Indiana 47907
| | - Dennis J. Minchella
- Department of Biological Sciences; Purdue University; 915 West State Street West Lafayette Indiana 47907
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Scharsack JP, Franke F, Erin NI, Kuske A, Büscher J, Stolz H, Samonte IE, Kurtz J, Kalbe M. Effects of environmental variation on host–parasite interaction in three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus). ZOOLOGY 2016; 119:375-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.zool.2016.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Strobel HM, Alda F, Sprehn CG, Blum MJ, Heins DC. Geographic and host-mediated population genetic structure in a cestode parasite of the three-spined stickleback. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/bij.12826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah M. Strobel
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; Tulane University; New Orleans LA 70118 USA
| | - Fernando Alda
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; Tulane University; New Orleans LA 70118 USA
- Tulane-Xavier Center for Bioenvironmental Research; Tulane University; New Orleans LA 70118 USA
| | - C. Grace Sprehn
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; Tulane University; New Orleans LA 70118 USA
| | - Michael J. Blum
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; Tulane University; New Orleans LA 70118 USA
- Tulane-Xavier Center for Bioenvironmental Research; Tulane University; New Orleans LA 70118 USA
| | - David C. Heins
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; Tulane University; New Orleans LA 70118 USA
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Landis SH, Sundin J, Rosenqvist G, Poirier M, Jørgensen GØ, Roth O. Female pipefish can detect the immune status of their mates. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-015-2004-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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12
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Harmon BS, Hilborn R, Quinn TP. Infection by the cestode parasite Schistocephalus sp. and effects on diet, body condition and survival of sculpins Cottus aleuticus and Cottus cognatus. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2015; 86:1621-1629. [PMID: 25809184 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.12646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Sampling in Iliamna Lake, Alaska, U.S.A. revealed that a greater proportion of coastrange sculpins Cottus aleuticus were infected by the cestode Schistocephalus solidus than slimy sculpins Cottus cognatus (52 v. 23%), and infected C. aleuticus contained more cestodes than did C. cognatus (2·1 v. 1·3 per fish). Consumption of sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka eggs (the primary diet item) was lower in fishes with cestodes, and a model based on cestode prevalence and age composition estimated higher rates of infection and parasite-associated mortality in C. aleuticus compared with C. cognatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Harmon
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, Box 355020, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, U.S.A
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Heins DC, Barry KA, Petrauskas LA. Consistency of host responses to parasitic infection in the three-spined stickleback fish infected by the diphyllobothriidean cestodeSchistocephalus solidus. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/bij.12392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David C. Heins
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; Tulane University; New Orleans LA 70118 USA
| | - Kelly A. Barry
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; Tulane University; New Orleans LA 70118 USA
| | - Laura A. Petrauskas
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; Tulane University; New Orleans LA 70118 USA
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14
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Fecundity compensation and fecundity reduction among populations of the three-spined stickleback infected by Schistocephalus solidus in Alaska. Parasitology 2014; 141:1088-96. [DOI: 10.1017/s0031182014000535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARYWe surveyed nine populations of the three-spined stickleback infected by the diphyllobothriidean cestode Schistocephalus solidus from south-central Alaska for two apparent forms of tolerance to infection in females capable of producing egg clutches notwithstanding large parasite burdens. Seven populations exhibited fecundity reduction, whereas two populations showed fecundity compensation. Our data suggest that fecundity reduction, a side effect resulting from nutrient theft, occurs in two phases of host response influenced by the parasite : host body mass (BM) ratio. The first is significantly reduced ovum mass without significant reduction in clutch size, and the second one involves significant reductions in both ovum mass and clutch size. Thus, ovum mass of host females who are functionally being starved through nutrient theft seems to be more readily influenced by parasitism and, therefore, decreased before clutch size is reduced. This inference is consistent with expectations based on the biology of and effect of feeding ration on reproduction in stickleback females. Fecundity compensation appears to be uncommon among populations of three-spined stickleback in Alaska and rare among populations throughout the northern hemisphere. Fecundity reduction seems to be common, at least among stickleback populations in Alaska.
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Leventhal GE, Dünner RP, Barribeau SM. Delayed virulence and limited costs promote fecundity compensation upon infection. Am Nat 2014; 183:480-93. [PMID: 24642493 DOI: 10.1086/675242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Individuals invest limited resources across vital tasks such as reproduction and survival. Individuals can spread reproductive investment over their lifetime, but cues of death or reduced fitness can influence this investment. In some systems, cues of infection induce early but costly reproduction through fecundity compensation as future reproduction becomes uncertain. A key aspect of parasite biology is the delay between exposure to parasites and the onset of virulence. This creates an important window of opportunity for hosts to respond to infection. Existing models have not accounted for this delay or the costs borne by offspring. We combine a theoretical and experimental approach to assess the role of costs and the importance of delay in virulence on fecundity compensation. We find that a delay in virulence selects for plastic fecundity responses even with moderate offspring costs. We tested our model experimentally by exposing pea aphids, Acyrthosiphon pisum, to various ecologically relevant cues of infection and monitored lifetime reproduction and survival of these aphids and their offspring. Our challenges induced fecundity compensation, but we did not detect any costs in mothers or offspring. We predict that the relationship between the costs and the delay in onset of virulence, as found here, determines the success of fecundity compensation as an adaptation against parasitism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel E Leventhal
- Institute of Integrative Biology, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, Universitätstrasse 16, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
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Shostak AW. Sublethal exposure to diatomaceous earth increases net fecundity of flour beetles (Tribolium confusum) by inhibiting egg cannibalism. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88500. [PMID: 24516665 PMCID: PMC3917913 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2012] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Population regulation results from an interplay of numerous intrinsic and external factors, and for many insects cannibalism is such a factor. This study confirms a previously-reported observation that sublethal exposure to the fossilized remains of diatoms (i.e. diatomaceous earth) increases net fecundity (eggs produced minus eggs destroyed/day) of flour beetles, Tribolium confusum. The aim was to experimentally test two non-mutually-exclusive ecological mechanisms potentially responsible for the increased net fecundity: higher egg production and lower egg cannibalism. Adult T. confusum were maintained at low or high density in medium containing sublethal (0-4%) diatomaceous earth. Net fecundity increased up to 2.1× control values during diatomaceous earth exposure, and returned to control levels following removal from diatomaceous earth. Cannibalism assays on adults showed that diatomaceous earth reduced the number of eggs produced to 0.7× control values at low density and to 0.8× controls at high density, and also reduced egg cannibalism rates of adults to as little as 0.4× control values, but at high density only. Diatomaceous earth also reduced cannibalism by larvae on eggs to 0.3× control values. So, while the presence of diatomaceous earth reduced egg production, net fecundity increased as a result of strong suppression of the normal egg cannibalism by adults and larvae that occurs at high beetle density. Undisturbed cultures containing sublethal diatomaceous earth concentrations reached higher population densities than diatomaceous earth-free controls. Cohort studies on survival from egg to adult indicated that this population increase was due largely to decreased egg cannibalism by adult females. This is the first report of inhibition of egg cannibalism by diatomaceous earth on larval or adult insects. The ability of diatomaceous earth to alter cannibalism behavior without causing mortality makes it an ideal investigative tool for cannibalism studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen W. Shostak
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- * E-mail:
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17
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Franke F, Rahn AK, Dittmar J, Erin N, Rieger JK, Haase D, Samonte-Padilla IE, Lange J, Jakobsen PJ, Hermida M, Fernández C, Kurtz J, Bakker TCM, Reusch TBH, Kalbe M, Scharsack JP. In vitro leukocyte response of three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus) to helminth parasite antigens. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 36:130-140. [PMID: 24176687 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2013.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Revised: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Helminth parasites of teleost fish have evolved strategies to evade and manipulate the immune responses of their hosts. Responsiveness of fish host immunity to helminth antigens may therefore vary depending on the degree of host-parasite counter-adaptation. Generalist parasites, infective for a number of host species, might be unable to adapt optimally to the immune system of a certain host species, while specialist parasites might display high levels of adaptation to a particular host species. The degree of adaptations may further differ between sympatric and allopatric host-parasite combinations. Here, we test these hypotheses by in vitro exposure of head kidney leukocytes from three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus) to antigens from parasites with a broad fish host range (Diplostomum pseudospathaceum, Triaenophorus nodulosus), a specific fish parasite of cyprinids (Ligula intestinalis) and parasites highly specific only to a single fish species as second intermediate host (Schistocephalus pungitii, which does not infect G. aculeatus, and Schistocephalus solidus, infecting G. aculeatus). In vitro responses of stickleback leukocytes to S. solidus antigens from six European populations, with S. solidus prevalence from <1% to 66% were tested in a fully crossed experimental design. Leukocyte cultures were analysed by means of flow cytometry and a chemiluminescence assay to quantify respiratory burst activity. We detected decreasing magnitudes of in vitro responses to antigens from generalist to specialist parasites and among specialists, from parasites that do not infect G. aculeatus to a G. aculeatus-infecting species. Generalist parasites seem to maintain their ability to infect different host species at the costs of relatively higher immunogenicity compared to specialist parasites. In a comparison of sympatric and allopatric combinations of stickleback leukocytes and antigens from S. solidus, magnitudes of in vitro responses were dependent on the prevalence of the parasite in the population of origin, rather than on sympatry. Antigens from Norwegian (prevalence 30-50%) and Spanish (40-66%) S. solidus induced generally higher in vitro responses compared to S. solidus from two German (<1%) populations. Likewise, leukocytes from stickleback populations with a high S. solidus prevalence showed higher in vitro responses to S. solidus antigens compared to populations with low S. solidus prevalence. This suggests a rather low degree of local adaptation in S. solidus populations, which might be due to high gene flow among populations because of their extremely mobile final hosts, fish-eating birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik Franke
- Department of Animal Evolutionary Ecology, Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, University of Münster, Hüfferstrasse 1, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Anna K Rahn
- Institute for Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Janine Dittmar
- Department of Animal Evolutionary Ecology, Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, University of Münster, Hüfferstrasse 1, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Noémie Erin
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Max-Planck Institute of Evolutionary Biology, August-Thienemann Str 2, 24306 Plön, Germany
| | - Jennifer K Rieger
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology of Marine Fishes, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - David Haase
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology of Marine Fishes, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Irene E Samonte-Padilla
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Max-Planck Institute of Evolutionary Biology, August-Thienemann Str 2, 24306 Plön, Germany
| | - Joseph Lange
- Department of Animal Evolutionary Ecology, Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, University of Münster, Hüfferstrasse 1, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Per J Jakobsen
- Institute for Biology, University of Bergen, Thor Møhlensgate 55, 5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Miguel Hermida
- Departamento de Xenetica, Facultade de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus de Lugo, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Carlos Fernández
- Departamento de Xenetica, Facultade de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus de Lugo, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Joachim Kurtz
- Department of Animal Evolutionary Ecology, Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, University of Münster, Hüfferstrasse 1, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Theo C M Bakker
- Institute for Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Thorsten B H Reusch
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology of Marine Fishes, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Martin Kalbe
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Max-Planck Institute of Evolutionary Biology, August-Thienemann Str 2, 24306 Plön, Germany
| | - Jörn P Scharsack
- Department of Animal Evolutionary Ecology, Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, University of Münster, Hüfferstrasse 1, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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18
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Barber I. Sticklebacks as model hosts in ecological and evolutionary parasitology. Trends Parasitol 2013; 29:556-66. [PMID: 24145060 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2013.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Revised: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The three-spined stickleback is a small teleost fish, native to coastal regions of the Northern Hemisphere, which has emerged as a key model organism in evolutionary biology and ecology. Sticklebacks possess a well-documented and experimentally amenable parasite fauna, and are well suited to both laboratory and field parasitological investigation. As a consequence, sticklebacks have been extensively used as model hosts in studies of host-parasite interactions, and these studies have provided considerable insight into the roles of parasites in ecology and evolutionary biology. In this review, I discuss key advances in our understanding of host-parasite interactions that have arisen from studies involving stickleback hosts, highlight areas of current research activity, and identify potentially promising areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iain Barber
- Department of Biology, Adrian Building, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK.
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