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Gerken AR, Campbell JF, Abts SR, Arthur F, Morrison WR, Scheff DS. Long-Lasting Insecticide-Treated Netting Affects Reproductive Output and Mating Behavior in Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) and Trogoderma variabile (Coleoptera: Dermestidae). J Econ Entomol 2021; 114:2598-2609. [PMID: 34729597 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toab204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Preventing insect infestations is a critical component for establishing a pest management plan for stored-product insects. Long-lasting insecticide-treated netting (LLIN) is a potential tool to reduce insect movement by providing a chemical barrier, where insects may be able to physically pass through but ultimately die after exposure to the netting. Sublethal effects, such as reduced movement immediately after exposure and reduced ability to colonize, have been reported. Here we examine the sublethal effects of exposure to LLIN on two beetle species, Trogoderma variabile Ballion, warehouse beetle, and Tribolium castaneum Herbst, red flour beetle. We found that both female and male T. castaneum exposed to LLIN produced significantly less adult progeny than those exposed to untreated netting. Adult progeny output did not differ for T. variabile, but survivorship increased in T. variabile females exposed to LLIN. Importantly, the overall net reproductive rate was significantly decreased for both T. variabile and T. castaneum. The number of copulation attempts did not differ between males or females exposed to LLIN compared to untreated netting, but males exposed to LLIN showed increased durations of attempted and successful copulation events. This research demonstrates that the implications of LLIN exposure extend past direct mortality, with sublethal effects on reproductive output potentially increasing the effectiveness of this tool for preventing insect infestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison R Gerken
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, Center for Grain and Animal Health Research, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - James F Campbell
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, Center for Grain and Animal Health Research, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Shelby R Abts
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, Center for Grain and Animal Health Research, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Frank Arthur
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, Center for Grain and Animal Health Research, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - William R Morrison
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, Center for Grain and Animal Health Research, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Deanna S Scheff
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, Center for Grain and Animal Health Research, Manhattan, KS, USA
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2
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Rath A, Benita M, Doron J, Scharf I, Gottlieb D. Social communication activates the circadian gene Tctimeless in Tribolium castaneum. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16152. [PMID: 34373551 PMCID: PMC8352895 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95588-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemical communication via pheromones is an integral component in insect behavior, particularly for mate searching and reproduction. Aggregation pheromones, that attract conspecifics of both sexes, are particularly common and have been identified for hundreds of species. These pheromones are among the most ecologically selective pest suppression agents. In this study, we identified an activating effect of the aggregation pheromone of the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenibroidae) on a highly conserved circadian clock gene (Tctimeless). Tribolium castaneum is one of the most damaging cosmopolitan pest of flour and other stored food products. Its male produced aggregation pheromone, 4,8-dimethyldecanal (DMD), attracts both conspecific males and females and is used for pest management via monitoring and mating disruption. The Tctimeless gene is an essential component for daily expression patterns of the circadian clock and plays vital roles in eclosion, egg production, and embryonic development. In this study, we demonstrate that constant exposure to the species-specific aggregation pheromone led to Tctimeless up-regulation and a different pattern of rhythmic locomotive behavior. We propose that changing the well-adapted "alarm clock", using DMD is liable to reduce fitness and can be highly useful for pest management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Animesha Rath
- Department of Food Science, Institute of Post-Harvest and Food Science, The Volcani Center, ARO, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Miriam Benita
- Department of Food Science, Institute of Post-Harvest and Food Science, The Volcani Center, ARO, Rishon LeZion, Israel
- School of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Josef Doron
- Department of Food Science, Institute of Post-Harvest and Food Science, The Volcani Center, ARO, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Inon Scharf
- School of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Daphna Gottlieb
- Department of Food Science, Institute of Post-Harvest and Food Science, The Volcani Center, ARO, Rishon LeZion, Israel.
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3
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Cui K, Zhang L, He L, Zhang Z, Zhang T, Mu W, Lin J, Liu F. Toxicological effects of the fungal volatile compound 1-octen-3-ol against the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst). Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2021; 208:111597. [PMID: 33396118 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) is an important pest of stored grain, and benzoquinones secreted by this pest are harmful to humans. T. castaneum has developed strong resistance to fumigants, and an ecofriendly alternative for managing T. castaneum is urgently needed. 1-Octen-3-ol is a major volatile compound present in many mushrooms and fungi. In the current study, the direct toxicity and sublethal and transgenerational effects of 1-octen-3-ol on T. castaneum were investigated. Our results showed that 1-octen-3-ol had strong insecticidal activity against all developmental stages of T. castaneum and repelled T. castaneum adults. 1-Octen-3-ol showed negative effects on the development and reproduction of parental T. castaneum and the subsequent generation: LC30 and LC50 treatments significantly decreased the pupa and adult weights, pupation and emergence rates and fecundity of the parental generation. In addition, LC50 treatment shortened the larval and pupal periods. In the unexposed progeny (F1) of 1-octen-3-ol-exposed parents, decreased survival and pupation rates as well as reduced pupa and adult weights were observed under LC30 and LC50 treatments. In addition, a model food-system experiment showed that 1-octen-3-ol at 98 μL/L exhibited an efficacy of 100% after 7 days of fumigation and completely eliminated T. castaneum offspring. Although a higher concentration of 1-octen-3-ol was needed to achieve an efficacy equal to that of the positive control, dichlorvos (DDVP), 1-octen-3-ol promoted the seedling growth of wheat seeds, suggesting that the concentration used was not only acceptable but also beneficial for wheat seeds. Overall, 1-octen-3-ol seems to be a promising candidate for use as a fumigant and repellent against T. castaneum as well as a seed protectant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaidi Cui
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, People's Republic of China; College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingyan Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, People's Republic of China; College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - Leiming He
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, People's Republic of China; College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengqun Zhang
- College of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Institute of Grain Storage and Logistics, Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing 100037, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Mu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, People's Republic of China; College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Lin
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, People's Republic of China; College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, People's Republic of China.
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Liang JY, Yang YY, An Y, Shao YZ, He CY, Zhang J, Jia LY. Insecticidal and acetylcholine esterase inhibition activity of Rhododendron thymifolium essential oil and its main constituent against two stored product insects. J Environ Sci Health B 2021; 56:423-430. [PMID: 33678144 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2021.1894888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we investigated the bioactivities of the essential oil (EO) extracted from the Rhododendron thymifolium and its principal germacrone against Lasioderma serricorne and Tribolium castaneum. The EO was obtained by steam distillation. Germacrone was obtained by cryogenic crystallization. The bioactivity of EO and germacrone was tested via contact and repellent activity assays. The results showed that EO and germacrone possessed contact and repellent activities against two species of insects. EO exhibited obvious contact activity against the L. serricorn adults, larvae and T. castaneum larvae with LD50 values of 29.15 µg/adult, 42.73 µg/larva, 19.65 µg/larva respectively. Germacrone exhibited excellent contact activity against the L. serricorne adults, larvae and the T. castaneum larvae with LD50 values of 17.18 µg/adult, 20.94 µg/larva, 20.93 µg/larva respectively. And at the highest testing concentrations (78.63 and 15.73 nL/cm2), the repellent activity of EO and germacrone on two target insects was comparable to that of the positive control (DEET) after 30 h exposure. In especially, in the treatment of the 120 h after the repellent activity of EO and germacrone against T.castaneum adults and larvae were still very significant and showed the same level percentage repellency as DEET. Meanwhile, germacrone exhibited inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity with IC50 values of 3%. The results indicated that the EO of R. thymifolium and germacrone had the potential to be developed as natural insecticides and repellents for the control of T. castaneum and L. serricorne.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Yu Liang
- College of the life science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, P.R.China
| | - Ying-Ying Yang
- College of the life science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, P.R.China
| | - Yue An
- College of the life science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, P.R.China
| | - Ya-Zhou Shao
- College of the life science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, P.R.China
| | - Chun-Yu He
- College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, P.R. China
| | - Ji Zhang
- College of the life science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, P.R.China
- A New Rural Development Research Institute of Northwest University, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, P.R.China
| | - Ling-Yun Jia
- College of the life science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, P.R.China
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5
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Wang K, Liu M, Wang Y, Song W, Tang P. Identification and functional analysis of cytochrome P450 CYP346 family genes associated with phosphine resistance in Tribolium castaneum. Pestic Biochem Physiol 2020; 168:104622. [PMID: 32711762 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2020.104622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Resistance to phosphine fumigation has been frequently reported in insect pests of stored products and remains one of the obstacles in controlling these pests, including Tribolium castaneum. In this study, six field populations of T. castaneum were collected from different localities in China. Bioassay data showed that SZ population was strongly resistant to phosphine, followed by moderate-resistance populations WL and SF and three susceptible populations JX, YN, and ML. In addition, synergism assays showed that piperonyl butoxide significantly increased the toxicity of phosphine in resistant population SZ. Furthermore, CYP346B subfamily genes, CYP346B1, CYP346B2, and CYP346B3, were significantly overexpressed in resistant populations. Expression of CYP346B1, CYP346B2, and CYP346B3 were significantly upregulated following exposure to phosphine. RNAi assays showed that depletions on the expression levels of CYP346B1, CYP346B2, and CYP346B3 resulted in an increase of susceptibility to phosphine in T. castaneum, respectively. Our data demonstrated that CYP346B subfamily genes in T. castaneum were associated with the resistance of phosphine. Moreover, the study also increased our understanding of the molecular basis of phosphine resistance in stored pest insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangxu Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Manwen Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yazhou Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Song
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peian Tang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China.
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Liao M, Shi S, Wu H, Yang Q, Zhu Z, Xiao J, Huang Y, Cao H. Effects of terpinen-4-ol fumigation on protein levels of detoxification enzymes in Tribolium confusum. Arch Insect Biochem Physiol 2020; 103:e21653. [PMID: 31859418 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Terpinen-4-ol has high fumigating activity to stored-grain pests including Tribolium confusum. To understand the detoxification of terpinen-4-ol in insects, proteomic analysis was performed to identify related proteins and pathways in response to terpinen-4-ol fumigation in T. confusum. By using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)-based strategy, 4,618 proteins were obtained from T. confusum adults in the present study. Comparative proteomic analysis showed that 148 proteins were upregulated and 137 proteins were downregulated in beetles under the LC50 of terpinen-4-ol treatment for 24 hr. According to functional classifications, differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were enriched in xenobiotic metabolism pathways. In the detoxification pathway, the levels of 25 cytochrome P450s, 5 glutathione S-transferases, and 2 uridine diphosphate (UDP)-glucuronosyltransferases were changed, most of which were upregulated in T. confusum exposed to terpinen-4-ol. The results indicated that terpinen-4-ol was potentially metabolized and detoxified by enzymes like P450s in T. confusum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Liao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Su Shi
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Hailong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Qianqian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Zeng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Jinjing Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Yong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Haiqun Cao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
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Alnajim I, Agarwal M, Liu T, Li B, Du X, Ren Y. Preliminary Study on the Differences in Hydrocarbons Between Phosphine-Susceptible and -Resistant Strains of Rhyzopertha dominica (Fabricius) and Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) Using Direct Immersion Solid-Phase Microextraction Coupled with GC-MS. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25071565. [PMID: 32235326 PMCID: PMC7180957 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25071565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphine resistance is a worldwide issue threatening the grain industry. The cuticles of insects are covered with a layer of lipids, which protect insect bodies from the harmful effects of pesticides. The main components of the cuticular lipids are hydrocarbon compounds. In this research, phosphine-resistant and -susceptible strains of two main stored-grain insects, T. castaneum and R. dominica, were tested to determine the possible role of their cuticular hydrocarbons in phosphine resistance. Direct immersion solid-phase microextraction followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was applied to extract and analyze the cuticular hydrocarbons. The results showed significant differences between the resistant and susceptible strains regarding the cuticular hydrocarbons that were investigated. The resistant insects of both species contained higher amounts than the susceptible insects for the majority of the hydrocarbons, sixteen from cuticular extraction and nineteen from the homogenized body extraction for T. castaneum and eighteen from cuticular extraction and twenty-one from the homogenized body extraction for R. dominica. 3-methylnonacosane and 2-methylheptacosane had the highest significant difference between the susceptible and resistant strains of T. castaneum from the cuticle and the homogenized body, respectively. Unknown5 from the cuticle and 3-methylhentriacontane from the homogenized body recorded the highest significant differences in R. dominica. The higher hydrocarbon content is a key factor in eliminating phosphine from entering resistant insect bodies, acting as a barrier between insects and the surrounding phosphine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ihab Alnajim
- College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth 6150, Australia; (I.A.); (M.A.)
- Date Palm Research Centre, University of Basrah, Basra 61004, Iraq
| | - Manjree Agarwal
- College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth 6150, Australia; (I.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Tao Liu
- Institute of Equipment Technology, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, No. A3, Gaobeidianbeilu, Chaoyang district, Beijing 100123, China;
| | - Beibei Li
- College of Agriculture, Kansas State University, Waters Hall 054, Manhattan, NY KS 66502, USA;
| | - Xin Du
- College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth 6150, Australia; (I.A.); (M.A.)
- Correspondence: (X.D.); (Y.R.)
| | - Yonglin Ren
- College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth 6150, Australia; (I.A.); (M.A.)
- Correspondence: (X.D.); (Y.R.)
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Mangang IB, Tiwari A, Rajamani M, Manickam L. Comparative laboratory efficacy of novel botanical extracts against Tribolium castaneum. J Sci Food Agric 2020; 100:1541-1546. [PMID: 31769025 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Citrus sinensis, Allium sativum, Ocimum basilicum, Mentha spicata, Curcuma longa, Carica papaya, Andrographis paniculata, Azadirachta indica, Cymbopogon citratus and Acorus calamus were compared in the form of extracts of chloroform, hexane and aqueous media for their effectiveness in repelling Tribolium castaneum. Filter paper of 9 cm in diameter was cut into halves. Using a micro-pipette, each extract was applied to one half of the filter paper. The volume applied was kept constant at 0.6 mL per 30 cm2 . The filter paper was dried and reattached leaving a 0.5 cm gap between, in a Petri-plate. Ten adults of T. castaneum were introduced and the repellency was observed after 30, 60 and 180 min. RESULTS The aqueous extract of C. papaya exhibited the highest repellency (82-97%) followed by that of garlic bulbs (aqueous extract) with 86.67% repellency. Further, gunny bags were sprayed separately using bottle sprayers with the two most effective extracts at a constant volume of 42 mL per 575 cm2 . These treated gunny bags were compared with malathion-treated gunny bags in the insect management unit. The observations were taken after 2, 8 and 24 h. Papaya leaf extract-treated gunny bags showed relative repellent activity similar to that of malathion-treated gunny bags after 24 h of treatment. Thus, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of aqueous extract of papaya leaves was performed. CONCLUSIONS It can be concluded that extract of papaya leaves containing 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol (8.47% peak area) can be used as a repellent biopesticide. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irengbam Barun Mangang
- Indian Institute of Food Processing Technology (Ministry of Food Processing Industries, Government of India), Thanjavur, India
| | - Abhinav Tiwari
- Indian Institute of Food Processing Technology (Ministry of Food Processing Industries, Government of India), Thanjavur, India
| | - Meenatchi Rajamani
- Indian Institute of Food Processing Technology (Ministry of Food Processing Industries, Government of India), Thanjavur, India
| | - Loganathan Manickam
- Indian Institute of Food Processing Technology (Ministry of Food Processing Industries, Government of India), Thanjavur, India
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Li ZH, Wang Y, Sun JS, Li JG, Zou KX, Liu H, Li GX, Hu ZZ, Nong LZ, Ning ZX, Wu Y, Du SS. Repellent activities of essential oils rich in sesquiterpenoids from Saussurea amara (L.) DC. and Sigesbeckia pubescens Makino against two stored-product insects. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:36048-36054. [PMID: 31745787 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06876-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The essential oils (EOs) from aerial parts of Saussurea amara (L.) DC. (SAEO) and Sigesbeckia pubescens Makino (SPEO) were analyzed for their chemical composition by GC-MS, and their repellent activities against adults of the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum Herbst, as well as the booklouse, Liposcelis bostrychophila Badonnel, were evaluated for the first time. Results of GC-MS analysis indicated that both SAEO and SPEO were characterized by high content of sesquiterpenoids (relative content > 70%) including oxygenated sesquiterpenoids. The two oil samples and their major component caryophyllene oxide exerted beneficial repellent effects on T. castaneum and L. bostrychophila at 2 and 4 h post-exposure. At 4 h post-exposure, the PR value of caryophyllene oxide could still reach 92% (class V) against T. castaneum at minimum testing concentration of 3.15 nL/cm2, and this compound was observed to result in the greatest repellency (PR = 100%) against L. bostrychophila at 12.63 nL/cm2. This work confirmed the potent repellent efficacy of SAEO and SPEO for controlling pest damage and suggested their potential to be developed into botanical repellents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hua Li
- Technical Center of China Tobacco Guangxi Industrial Co., Ltd, Nanning, 530001, Guangxi, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Protection and Utilization, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Jian-Sheng Sun
- Technical Center of China Tobacco Guangxi Industrial Co., Ltd, Nanning, 530001, Guangxi, China
| | - Ji-Gang Li
- Technical Center of China Tobacco Guangxi Industrial Co., Ltd, Nanning, 530001, Guangxi, China
| | - Ke-Xing Zou
- Technical Center of China Tobacco Guangxi Industrial Co., Ltd, Nanning, 530001, Guangxi, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Technical Center of China Tobacco Guangxi Industrial Co., Ltd, Nanning, 530001, Guangxi, China
| | - Gui-Xiang Li
- Technical Center of China Tobacco Guangxi Industrial Co., Ltd, Nanning, 530001, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhi-Zhong Hu
- Technical Center of China Tobacco Guangxi Industrial Co., Ltd, Nanning, 530001, Guangxi, China
| | - Li-Zheng Nong
- Technical Center of China Tobacco Guangxi Industrial Co., Ltd, Nanning, 530001, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhen-Xing Ning
- Technical Center of China Tobacco Guangxi Industrial Co., Ltd, Nanning, 530001, Guangxi, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Technical Center of China Tobacco Guangxi Industrial Co., Ltd, Nanning, 530001, Guangxi, China
| | - Shu-Shan Du
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Protection and Utilization, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing, 100875, China.
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Xiong W, Gao S, Mao J, Wei L, Xie J, Liu J, Bi J, Song X, Li B. CYP4BN6 and CYP6BQ11 mediate insecticide susceptibility and their expression is regulated by Latrophilin in Tribolium castaneum. Pest Manag Sci 2019; 75:2744-2755. [PMID: 30788896 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many insect cytochrome P450 proteins (CYPs) are involved in the metabolic detoxification of exogenous compounds such as plant toxins and insecticides. Tribolium castaneum, the red flour beetle, is a major agricultural pest that damages stored grains and cereal products. With the completion of the sequencing of its genome, two T. castaneum species-specific CYP genes, CYP4BN6, and CYP6BQ11, were identified. However, it is unknown whether the functions of most CYPs are shared by TcCYP4BN6 and TcCYP6BQ11, and the upstream regulatory mechanism of these two CYPs remains elusive. RESULTS QRT-PCR analysis indicated that TcCYP4BN6 and TcCYP6BQ11 were both most highly expressed at the late pupal stage and were mainly observed in the head and gut, respectively, of adults. Moreover, the transcripts of these two CYPs were significantly induced by dichlorvos and carbofuran, and RNA interference (RNAi) targeting of each of them enhanced the susceptibility of beetles to these two insecticides. Intriguingly, knockdown of the latrophilin (lph) gene, which has been reported to be related to the insecticide susceptibility, reduced the expression of TcCYP4BN6 and TcCYP6BQ11 after insecticide treatment, suggesting that these two CYP genes are regulated by lph to participate in insecticide susceptibility in T. castaneum. CONCLUSION These results shed new light on the function and mechanism of CYP genes associated with insecticide susceptibility and could facilitate research on appropriate and sustainable pest control management. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfeng Xiong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shanshan Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, China
| | - Jinjuan Mao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Luting Wei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jia Xie
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Juanjuan Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingxiu Bi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaowen Song
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bin Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
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11
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Boukouvala MC, Kavallieratos NG, Athanassiou CG, Benelli G, Hadjiarapoglou LP. Insecticidal efficacy of six new pyrrole derivatives against four stored-product pests. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:29845-29856. [PMID: 31410829 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05961-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Several pyrrole derivatives exhibit insecticidal activity and can be effective as grain protectants. In the present study, we evaluate the insecticidal efficacy of six novel pyrrole derivatives, namely methyl 3-(methylthio)-4,6-dioxo-5-phenyl-1,3a,4,5,6,6a-hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1 carboxylate (compound syn) (2a-syn), methyl 3-(methylthio)-4,6-dioxo-5-phenyl-1,3a,4,5,6,6a-hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1-carboxylate (compound anti) (2a-anti), methyl 3-(benzylthio)-4,6-dioxo-5-phenyl-1,3a,4,5,6,6a-hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1-carboxylate (compound syn) (2f-syn), methyl 3-(benzylthio)-4,6-dioxo-5-phenyl-1,3a,4,5,6,6a-hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1-carboxylate (compound anti) (2f-anti), methyl 3-(butylthio)-4,6-dioxo-5-phenyl-2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1-carboxylate (3e), and methyl 2-benzyl-3-(methylthio)-4,6-dioxo-5-phenyl-2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1-carboxylate (0665), against four important species infesting stored products, the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), the lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica (Coleoptera: Bostrychidae), the confused flour beetle, Tribolium confusum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), and the Mediterranean flour moth, Ephestia kuehniella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). The six pyrrole derivatives were evaluated on wheat at different doses (0.1, 1, and 10 ppm) and exposure intervals (7, 14, and 21 days). For S. oryzae adults, the highest mortality was recorded at 10 ppm of 2a-syn (36.7%) followed by 2f-syn (32.2%) and 2f-anti (27.8%) after 21 days of exposure. Regarding progeny production, the application of the six pyrrole derivatives significantly reduced offspring emergence if compared with the controls. After 21 days, mortality of R. dominica reached 50% testing 10 ppm of 2f-syn, followed by 2a-syn (46.7%), 2f-anti (41.1%), and 2a-anti (33.3%), while for 3e and 0665, mortality remained low, not exceeding 17.8%. Mortality of T. confusum adults was very low, ranging from 0 to 16.7% after 21 days of exposure. Progeny production was low (< 1.7 individuals per vial) for all doses of the tested pyrrole derivatives, including control vials. For 2a-syn, 2a-anti, 2f-anti, and 0665, no progeny production was recorded testing 1 and 10 ppm, while for 2f-syn and 3e, no offspring emergence was noted testing 10 ppm. For T. confusum larvae, after 21 days of exposure, mortality reached 62.2% testing 10 ppm of 3e followed by 0665 (55.6%) and 2a-anti (42.2%). For E. kuehniella larvae, mortality reached 57.8% at 10 ppm of 2a-syn, followed by the pyrrole derivative 2f-anti (43.3%) after 21 days of exposure. Overall, these results show that the efficacy of pyrrole derivatives strongly varied according to the exposure interval, tested dose, treated insect species and developmental instar. The tested pyrrole derivatives, with special reference to 2a-syn, 2a-anti, 2f-syn, 2f-anti and 0665, are slow-acting compounds exerting relevant toxicity on key stored-product pests over time. They can be considered further for assays with selected blends aiming to develop novel control tools against stored-product pests in real-world conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C Boukouvala
- Laboratory of Agricultural Zoology and Entomology, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos str., 11855, Athens, Attica, Greece
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Panepistimioupolis, 45110, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Nickolas G Kavallieratos
- Laboratory of Agricultural Zoology and Entomology, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos str., 11855, Athens, Attica, Greece.
| | - Christos G Athanassiou
- Laboratory of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Phytokou str., 38446, Nea Ionia, Magnisia, Greece
| | - Giovanni Benelli
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lazaros P Hadjiarapoglou
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Panepistimioupolis, 45110, Ioannina, Greece
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12
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Alshukri B, Astarita F, Al‐Esawy M, El Halim HMESA, Pennacchio F, Gatehouse AMR, Edwards MG. Targeting the potassium ion channel genes SK and SH as a novel approach for control of insect pests: efficacy and biosafety. Pest Manag Sci 2019; 75:2505-2516. [PMID: 31207012 PMCID: PMC6771844 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Potassium ion channels play a critical role in the generation of electrical signals and thus provide potential targets for control of insect pests by RNA interference. RESULTS Genes encoding the small conductance calcium-activated potassium channel (SK) and the voltage-gated potassium channel (SH) were knocked down in Tribolium castaneum by injection and oral delivery of dsRNA (dsTcSK and dsTcSH, respectively). Irrespective of the delivery mechanism a dose-dependent effect was observed for knockdown (KD) of gene expression and insect mortality for both genes. Larvae fed a 400 ng dsRNA mg-1 diet showed significant gene (P < 0.05) knockdown (98% and 83%) for SK and SH, respectively, with corresponding mortalities of 100% and 98% after 7 days. When injected (248.4 ng larva-1 ), gene KD was 99% and 98% for SK and SH, causing 100% and 73.4% mortality, respectively. All developmental stages tested (larvae, early- and late-stage pupae and adults) showed an RNAi-sensitive response for both genes. LC50 values were lower for SK than SH, irrespective of delivery method, demonstrating that the knockdown of SK had a greater effect on larval mortality. Biosafety studies using adult honeybee Apis mellifera showed that there were no significant differences either in expression levels or mortality of honeybees orally dosed with dsTcSK and dsTcSH compared to control-fed bees. Similarly, there was no significant difference in the titre of deformed wing virus, used as a measure of immune suppression, between experimental and control bees. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates the potential of using RNAi targeting neural receptors as a technology for the control of T. castaneum. © 2019 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baida Alshukri
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle UniversityNewcastle‐upon‐TyneUK
| | - Federica Astarita
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle UniversityNewcastle‐upon‐TyneUK
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Laboratory of Entomology “E. Tremblay”University of Napoli “Federico II”PorticiItaly
| | - Mushtaq Al‐Esawy
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle UniversityNewcastle‐upon‐TyneUK
- Department of Plant ProtectionUniversity of KufaIraq
| | - Hesham Mohamed El Sayed Abd El Halim
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle UniversityNewcastle‐upon‐TyneUK
- Entomology Department, Faculty of ScienceBenha UniversityBenhaEgypt
| | - Francesco Pennacchio
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Laboratory of Entomology “E. Tremblay”University of Napoli “Federico II”PorticiItaly
| | | | - Martin Gethin Edwards
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle UniversityNewcastle‐upon‐TyneUK
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13
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Xiong W, Gao S, Lu Y, Wei L, Mao J, Xie J, Cao Q, Liu J, Bi J, Song X, Li B. Latrophilin participates in insecticide susceptibility through positively regulating CSP10 and partially compensated by OBPC01 in Tribolium castaneum. Pestic Biochem Physiol 2019; 159:107-117. [PMID: 31400772 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2019.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Latrophilin (LPH) is an adhesion G protein-coupled receptor (aGPCR) that participates in multiple essential physiological processes. Our previous studies have shown that lph is not only indispensable for the development and reproduction of red flour beetles (Tribolium castaneum), but also for their resistance against dichlorvos or carbofuran insecticides. However, the regulatory mechanism of lph-mediated insecticide susceptibility remains unclear. Here, we revealed that knockdown of lph in beetles resulted in opposing changes in two chemoreception genes, chemosensory protein 10 (CSP10) and odorant-binding protein C01 (OBPC01), in which the expression of TcCSP10 was downregulated, whereas the expression of TcOBPC01 was upregulated. TcCSP10 and TcOBPC01 were expressed at the highest levels in early pupal and late larval stages, respectively. High levels of expression of both these genes were observed in the heads (without antennae) of adults. TcCSP10 and TcOBPC01 were significantly induced by dichlorvos or carbofuran between 12 and 72 h (hrs) after exposure, suggesting that they are likely associated with increasing the binding affinity of insecticides, leading to a decrease in sensitivity to the insecticides. Moreover, once these two genes were knocked down, the susceptibility of the beetles to dichlorvos or carbofuran was enhanced. Additionally, RNA interference (RNAi) targeting of lph followed by exposure to dichlorvos or carbofuran also caused the opposing expression levels of TcCSP10 and TcOBPC01 compared to the expression levels of wild-type larvae treated with insecticides alone. All these results indicate that lph is involved in insecticide susceptibility through positively regulating TcCSP10; and the susceptibility could also further partially compensated for through the negative regulation of TcOBPC01 when lph was knockdown in the red flour beetle. Our studies shed new light on the molecular regulatory mechanisms of lph related to insecticide susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfeng Xiong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Research Center for Experimental Medicine, Shanghai Rui-Jin Hospital, Department of Medical Genetics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Shanshan Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; College of Biology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Yaoyao Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Luting Wei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jinjuan Mao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jia Xie
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Quanquan Cao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; Marine Biodiversity, Exploitation and Conservation, University of Montpellier, France.
| | - Juanjuan Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jingxiu Bi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Xiaowen Song
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Bin Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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14
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Ajaha A, Bouayad N, Aarab A, Rharrabe K. Effect of 20-Hydroxyecdysone, a Phytoecdysteroid, on Development, Digestive, and Detoxification Enzyme Activities of Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). J Insect Sci 2019; 19:5602640. [PMID: 31639190 PMCID: PMC6804910 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/iez097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Plants present a delimited reservoir of biologically active compounds. Many plants synthesize several compounds of secondary metabolism, such as alkaloids, terpenoids, phenolics, steroids, etc. Such compounds are generally thought to be involved in plant-insect interactions. Phytoecdysteroids are a class of chemicals that plants synthesize; these compounds are analogues of molting hormones produced by insects. In this work, the effect of the 20-hydroxyecdysone, which is a molecule that belongs to the family of phytoecdysteroids, was tested on an insect pest, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst). Firstly, the effect of this molecule on post-embryonic development parameters was tested after ingestion at 300, 600, 900, and 1,200 ppm. Secondly, the effect of the 20-hydroxyecdysone was also tested on the biological parameters (proteins, alpha-amylase, detoxification enzymes). The results of the post-embryonic parameters test showed an important induction of larval mortality and a significant reduction of pupation and adult emergence rates. On the other hand, the test on the biological parameters showed that the 20-hydroxyecdysone caused a significant decrease in the levels of soluble proteins in treated larvae. In addition, the alpha-amylase activity was significantly inhibited by the ingestion of the phytoecdysteroid. And there was also a disruption of detoxification enzymes. The whole of the disturbances recorded in this work prove that phytoecdysteroids are thought to have potential value on T. castaneum control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayoub Ajaha
- Research Team in Biological Engineering, Agrifood and Aquaculture, Faculty Polydisciplinary – Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Larache, Morocco
- Corresponding author, e-mail:
| | - Noureddin Bouayad
- Research Team in Biotechnologies and Biomolecular Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology – Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tangier, Morocco
| | - Ahmed Aarab
- Research Team in Biotechnologies and Biomolecular Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology – Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tangier, Morocco
| | - Kacem Rharrabe
- Research Team in Biological Engineering, Agrifood and Aquaculture, Faculty Polydisciplinary – Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Larache, Morocco
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15
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Hori M, Aoki Y, Shinoda K, Chiba M, Sasaki R. Wood volatiles as attractants of the confused flour beetle, Tribolium confusum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). Sci Rep 2019; 9:11544. [PMID: 31395934 PMCID: PMC6687883 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48073-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Confused flour beetles are serious pests of stored grain products, and therefore, it is important to efficiently monitor and control their populations. Aggregation pheromones are commercially used for monitoring this beetle but their efficacy has been questioned and they may be inadequate for practical use. Food attractants as well as pheromones are commonly used for monitoring stored-product insects. However, food attractants may not be effective in the case of food handling facilities, which are already filled with food odours. The ancestors of flour beetles may have been associated with dead or decomposing woody vegetation, so we investigated the attractiveness of several wood odours to beetles using a pitfall olfactometer. The beetles were strongly attracted to all wood odours tested: Castanea crenata, Magnolia obovata, Paulownia tomentosa, Prunus jamasakura, and Zelkova serrata. The attractiveness of these wood odours was also stronger than that of the odours of the usual food of these beetles. Supercritical CO2 extracts of these species of wood were also attractive to the beetles. The Z. serrata extract was the most attractive among these extracts, and was further analysed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. One major compound, (-)-mellein, was detected in the extract. Synthetic (±)-mellein attracted the beetles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Hori
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8572, Japan.
| | - Yoshimi Aoki
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8572, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Shinoda
- Insect Pheromone & Traps Division, Fuji Flavor Co., Ltd., Hamura, Tokyo, 205-8503, Japan
- Pest Control Engineering Department, Seibu Kasei Co., Ltd., Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi, 750-0067, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Chiba
- Insect Pheromone & Traps Division, Fuji Flavor Co., Ltd., Hamura, Tokyo, 205-8503, Japan
| | - Rikiya Sasaki
- Insect Pheromone & Traps Division, Fuji Flavor Co., Ltd., Hamura, Tokyo, 205-8503, Japan
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16
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Wei L, Gao S, Xiong W, Liu J, Mao J, Lu Y, Song X, Li B. Latrophilin mediates insecticides susceptibility and fecundity through two carboxylesterases, esterase4 and esterase6, in Tribolium castaneum. Bull Entomol Res 2019; 109:534-543. [PMID: 30789108 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485318000895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Latrophilin (LPH) is known as an adhesion G-protein-coupled receptor which involved in multiple physiological processes in organisms. Previous studies showed that lph not only involved the susceptibility to anticholinesterase insecticides but also affected fecundity in Tribolium castaneum. However, its regulatory mechanisms in these biological processes are still not clear. Here, we identified two potential downstream carboxylesterase (cce) genes of Tclph, esterase4 and esterase6, and further characterized their interactions with Tclph. After treatment of T. castaneum larvae with carbofuran or dichlorvos insecticides, the transcript levels of Tcest4 and Tcest6 were significantly induced from 12 to 72 h. RNAi against Tcest4 or Tcest6 led to the higher mortality compared with the controls after the insecticides treatment, suggesting that these two genes play a vital role in detoxification of insecticides in T. castaneum. Furthermore, with insecticides exposure to Tclph knockdown beetles, the expression of Tcest4 was upregulated but Tcest6 was downregulated, indicating that beetles existed a compensatory response against the insecticides. Additionally, RNAi of Tcest6 resulted in 43% reductions in female egg laying and completely inhibited egg hatching, which showed the similar phenotype as that of Tclph knockdown. These results indicated that Tclph affected fecundity by positively regulating Tcest6 expression. Our findings will provide a new insight into the molecular mechanisms of Tclph involved in physiological functions in T. castaneum.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Wei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China‡
| | - S Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China‡
| | - W Xiong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China‡
| | - J Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China‡
| | - J Mao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China‡
| | - Y Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China‡
| | - X Song
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China‡
| | - B Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China‡
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17
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Feng YX, Wang Y, Chen ZY, Guo SS, You CX, Du SS. Efficacy of bornyl acetate and camphene from Valeriana officinalis essential oil against two storage insects. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:16157-16165. [PMID: 30972667 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05035-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The essential oil was extracted from the roots of Valeriana officinalis L. by hydrodistillation. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of its chemical constituents was conducted on GC-MS and GC-FID in this study. Seventeen compounds were detected and the major constituents included bornyl acetate (48.2%) and camphene (13.8%). The toxic and repellent effects of the essential oil and its two major constituents were evaluated on Liposcelis bostrychophila and Tribolium castaneum. The results of bioassays indicated that the essential oil showed the promising fumigant and contact toxicity against L. bostrychophila (LC50 = 2.8 mg/L air and LD50 = 50.9 μg/cm2, respectively) and the notable contact effect on T. castaneum (LD50 = 10.0 μg/adult). Meanwhile, the essential oil showed comparable repellent effect on T. castaneum at all testing concentrations. Bornyl acetate and camphene also exhibited strong fumigant and contact toxicity against both species of pests (LC50 = 1.1, 10.1 mg/L air and LD50 = 32.9, 701.3 μg/cm2 for L. bostrychophila; > 126.3, 4.1 mg/L air, and 66.0, 21.6 μg/adult for T. castaneum). Bornyl acetate and camphene showed moderate repellent effect on T. castaneum and conversely showed attractant effect on L. bostrychophila. This work highlights the insecticidal potential of V. officinalis, which has been noted as a traditional medicinal plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Xi Feng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Protection and Utilization, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Haidian District, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Protection and Utilization, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Haidian District, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Zhen-Yang Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Protection and Utilization, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Haidian District, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Shan-Shan Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Protection and Utilization, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Haidian District, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Chun-Xue You
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Protection and Utilization, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Haidian District, Beijing, 100875, China
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Shu-Shan Du
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Protection and Utilization, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Haidian District, Beijing, 100875, China.
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18
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Upadhyay N, Singh VK, Dwivedy AK, Das S, Chaudhari AK, Dubey NK. Assessment of Melissa officinalis L. essential oil as an eco-friendly approach against biodeterioration of wheat flour caused by Tribolium castaneum Herbst. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:14036-14049. [PMID: 30852752 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04688-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The study reports efficacy of Melissa officinalis L. essential oil (MOEO) as a safe plant-based insecticide against Tribolium castaneum Herbst (TC) by induction of oxidative stress. MOEO nanoencapsulation in chitosan matrix was performed to enhance its bioefficacy. GC-MS analysis of MOEO depicted geranial (31.54%), neral (31.08%), and β-caryophyllene (12.42%) as the major components. MOEO showed excellent insecticidal potential in contact (100% mortality at 0.157 μL/cm2) and fumigant bioassays (LC50 = 0.071 μL/mL air) and 100% repellency at concentration ≤ 0.028 μL/cm2. Increased reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and decreased ratio of reduced glutathione (GSH) to oxidized glutathione (GSSG) at the LC50 dose suggested significant oxidative stress on TC in MOEO treatment sets. The encapsulated MOEO exhibited enhanced activity as fumigant (LC50 = 0.048 μL/mL air) and showed significant antifeedant activity in situ (EC50 = 0.043 μL/mL). High LD50 value (13,956.87 μL/kg body weight of mice) confirmed favorable toxicological profile for non-target mammals. The findings depict potential of nanoencapsulated MOEO as an eco-friendly green pesticide against infestation of stored food by TC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Upadhyay
- Laboratory of Herbal Pesticides, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, 221005, India
| | - Vipin Kumar Singh
- Laboratory of Herbal Pesticides, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, 221005, India
| | - Abhishek Kumar Dwivedy
- Laboratory of Herbal Pesticides, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, 221005, India
| | - Somenath Das
- Laboratory of Herbal Pesticides, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, 221005, India
| | - Anand Kumar Chaudhari
- Laboratory of Herbal Pesticides, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, 221005, India
| | - Nawal Kishore Dubey
- Laboratory of Herbal Pesticides, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, 221005, India.
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Zhang HM, Guo SS, Fan B, Du SS, Wang YY, Deng ZW. Evaluation of efficacy of the essential oil from Ostericum viridiflorum (Turcz.) Kitagawa in control of stored product insects. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:1406-1413. [PMID: 30426372 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3728-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The natural and ecologically safe control of stored product insects has gained considerable attention in modern society. In this study of further searching for botanical pesticides from wild-growing plant, the contact toxicity and repellency towards Tribolium castaneum and Liposcelis bostrychophila were assessed for the essential oil (EO) from Ostericum viridiflorum. The EO was distilled from aboveground parts of O. viridiflorum and checked by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Twenty-two compounds were identified and the main components were β-caryophyllene (24.3%), α-humulene (21.0%), apiol (10.2%), and carotol (2.5%). For bioactivity tests, results indicated that the EO and its two main compounds (β-caryophyllene and α-humulene) all showed potent contact toxicity towards L. bostrychophila with LD50 values of 44.52 μg/cm2, 74.11 μg/cm2, and 118.56 μg/cm2, respectively. The EO and the two main compounds also exhibited comparable repellency towards T. castaneum and L. bostrychophila. The results evidenced the EO of O. viridiflorum aboveground parts and its major compounds could be considered for the development of eco-friendly botanical insecticides and repellents in controlling stored product insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Ming Zhang
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijng, 100700, China
| | - Shan Shan Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Protection and Utilization, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Bin Fan
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijng, 100700, China
| | - Shu Shan Du
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Protection and Utilization, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
| | - Yong Yan Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Protection and Utilization, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Zhi Wei Deng
- Analytical and Testing Center, Beijing Normal University, Haidian District, Beijing, 100875, China
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20
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Pajaro-Castro N, Caballero-Gallardo K, Olivero-Verbel J. Toxicity and expression of oxidative stress genes in Tribolium castaneum induced by toluene, xylene, and thinner. J Toxicol Environ Health A 2018; 82:28-36. [PMID: 30582425 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2018.1546245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Thinner is a solvent that contains toluene, xylene, and other substances. The aim of this study was to examine the toxicity of thinner, xylene, and toluene on adult red flour beetles, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), as well as the effects of thinner and toluene on gene expression. The major compounds identified in the thinner with peak area >2% were p-xylene (6%), toluene (4%), 2,4-dimethylheptane (3%), methylcyclohexane (2.75%), 2-methylheptane (2%), cyclohexanone (2.6%), and nonane (2.1%). Insects were exposed to solvents at 0-240 µl/L air for 4-48 hr. Animals that survived after a 4 hr exposure to 80 µl/L air were employed to determine mRNA expression using real-time PCR. Xylene was highly toxic, and the majority of the beetles did not survive 4 hr exposure at 40 µl/L air. The lethal concentration 50 (LC50) values for toluene, xylene and thinner at 48 hr exposure were 97.7, <40 and 99.8 µl/L air, respectively. Thinner and toluene induced lethargy and sluggish movement in treated insects, while with xylene these effects were not observed. Glutathione-S-transferase (Gst) gene expression increased after thinner and toluene exposure. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) gene expression rose after toluene exposure. These results suggest that T. castaneum provides an alternative model for the study of toxicological effects of volatile aromatic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nerlis Pajaro-Castro
- a Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group. School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zaragocilla Campus. University of Cartagena , Cartagena, Bolivar , Colombia
- b Department of Medicine , Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Group. School of Health Sciences. University of Sucre , Sincelejo, Sucre , Colombia
| | - Karina Caballero-Gallardo
- a Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group. School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zaragocilla Campus. University of Cartagena , Cartagena, Bolivar , Colombia
| | - Jesus Olivero-Verbel
- a Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group. School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zaragocilla Campus. University of Cartagena , Cartagena, Bolivar , Colombia
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Epigenetic modifications including DNA methylation and post-translational modifications of histones are known to regulate gene expression. Antagonistic activities of histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs) mediate transcriptional reprogramming during insect development as shown in Drosophila melanogaster and other insects. Juvenile hormones (JH) play vital roles in the regulation of growth, development, metamorphosis, reproduction and other physiological processes. However, our current understanding of epigenetic regulation of JH action is still limited. Hence, we studied the role of CREB binding protein (CBP, contains HAT domain) and Trichostatin A (TSA, HDAC inhibitor) on JH action. RESULTS Exposure of Tribolium castaneum cells (TcA cells) to JH or TSA caused an increase in expression of Kr-h1 (a known JH-response gene) and 31 or 698 other genes respectively. Knockdown of the gene coding for CBP caused a decrease in the expression of 456 genes including Kr-h1. Interestingly, the expression of several genes coding for transcription factors, nuclear receptors, P450 and fatty acid synthase family members that are known to mediate JH action were affected by CBP knockdown or TSA treatment. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that acetylation and deacetylation mediated by HATs and HDACs play an important role in JH action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Roy
- Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546 USA
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, EXTEMIT-K, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamýcká 1176, Prague 6, 165 21 Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Subba Reddy Palli
- Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546 USA
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22
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Morrison WR, Wilkins RV, Gerken AR, Scheff DS, Zhu KY, Arthur FH, Campbell JF. Mobility of Adult Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) and Rhyzopertha dominica (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) After Exposure to Long-Lasting Insecticide-Incorporated Netting. J Econ Entomol 2018; 111:2443-2453. [PMID: 29982560 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toy173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Stored products represent an enormous economic output, but insects regularly immigrate into stored products from the surrounding landscape throughout the postharvest supply chain. Long-lasting insecticide-incorporatednetting (LLIN), which usually contains an incorporated pyrethroid, has been used as part of a strategy to reduce the spread of malaria in tropical regions since the 1990s and has only recently been considered for its application in pre- and postharvest agricultural contexts. The goal of this study was to determine how short-term exposure to LLINs in the laboratory impacts the locomotory behavior and mortality for adult Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) red flour beetle, and Rhyzopertha dominica (Fauvel), (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) lesser grain borer, at different periods of time after exposure. Exposure to LLINs resulted in multiple-fold reductions in the distance moved and elevated angular velocity in both species that quickly took effect and persisted even after 168 h compared with adults exposed to control netting. R. dominica was somewhat more susceptible than T. castaneum to LLINs. Finally, the dispersal capacity of both species, measured as ability to move to a remote resource patch, was significantly impaired or absent after exposure to LLINs compared to adults exposed to control netting. Our results demonstrate that LLINs are a promising new technology for reducing infestation by stored product insects since even short exposures limit movement and ultimately lead to knockdown and death.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R Morrison
- Center for Grain and Animal Health Research, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Manhattan, KS
| | - Rachel V Wilkins
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
| | - Alison R Gerken
- Center for Grain and Animal Health Research, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Manhattan, KS
| | - Deanna S Scheff
- Center for Grain and Animal Health Research, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Manhattan, KS
| | - Kun Yan Zhu
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
| | - Frank H Arthur
- Center for Grain and Animal Health Research, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Manhattan, KS
| | - James F Campbell
- Center for Grain and Animal Health Research, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Manhattan, KS
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23
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Chuang KJ, Chen ZJ, Cheng CL, Hong GB. Investigation of the Antioxidant Capacity, Insecticidal Ability and Oxidation Stability of Chenopodium formosanum Seed Extract. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2726. [PMID: 30213072 PMCID: PMC6163204 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To maximize the extraction of antioxidants from Chenopodium formosanum seeds, the process factors, such as the ethanol concentration (0⁻100%), extraction time (30⁻180 min) and temperature (30⁻70 °C), for the extraction of the bioactive contents as well as the antioxidant capacity are evaluated using response surface methodology (RSM). The experimental results fit well with quadratic models. The extract was identified by GC/MS, and it was found that some active compounds had antioxidant, repellency and insecticidal activities. Various concentrations of the extract were prepared for the evaluation of the insecticidal activity against Tribolium castaneum, and the toxicity test results indicated that the extract was toxic to Tribolium castaneum, with an LC50 value of 354.61 ppm. The oxidative stability of the olive oil determined according to the radical scavenging activity and p-anisidine test demonstrates that the extract obtained from the Chenopodium formosanum seeds can retard lipid oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Jen Chuang
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health and Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Zong-Jiang Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Lun Cheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan.
| | - Gui-Bing Hong
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan.
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24
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Wang H, Zhang J, Zhao S, Zhu KY, Wu Y. Limited variations in susceptibility to an insecticidal double-stranded RNA (dsvATPaseE) among a laboratory strain and seven genetically differentiated field populations of Tribolium castaneum. Pestic Biochem Physiol 2018; 149:143-148. [PMID: 30033010 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Revised: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
There has been a considerable growth in interest to use RNA interference (RNAi) as a novel insect pest management strategy in the past 10 years. However, there has been virtually no information on insect population variations in response to double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) molecules. The objective of this study was to generate baseline susceptibilities of the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum) to an insecticidal dsRNA targeting vacuolar H+-ATPase subunit E gene (dsvATPaseE), and correlate the susceptibility data with sequence and expression variations of the target gene (vATPaseE), expression variations of the RNAi core genes, and overall genetic differences among a laboratory strain and seven geographical field populations of T. castaneum collected in China. Our results showed limited variations in the LD50 values of dsvATPaseE, which ranged from 0.10 to 0.29 ng/larva among the laboratory strain and the seven field populations. Considering the overlapping of the 95% confidence intervals of their LD50 values, there were no significant differences among the laboratory strain and field populations. We also found limited sequence polymorphisms and low frequencies of the polymorphisms of vATPaseE, and limited variations (<2-fold) of the endogenous expression of vATPaseE among the laboratory strain and field populations. However, we found considerable genetic variations among the individuals within each field population for most of eight loci and moderate to large genetic variations among the field populations. These results demonstrated that although the genetic variabilities were considerable among these field populations, the efficiency of RNAi targeting vATPaseE was highly consistent in T. castaneum. Our study provides work frames of resistance risk assessment for RNAi-based insect pest management programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huidong Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Jianpeng Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Shan Zhao
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Kun Yan Zhu
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
| | - Yidong Wu
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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25
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Mehmood K, Husain M, Aslam M, Ahmedani MS, Aulakh AM, Shaheen FA. Changes in the nutritional composition of maize flour due to Tribolium castaneum infestation and application of carbon dioxide to manage this pest. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:18540-18547. [PMID: 29700749 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2063-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Maize flour was infested with fresh emerged Tribolium castaneum adults, and its nutritional composition was evaluated after 0, 45, and 90 days of the infestation. Furthermore, 99% carbon dioxide was applied to different developmental stages of T. castaneum for its management. There were six treatments and five replicates; for each replicate, maize flour (150 g) was taken in a 250-ml plastic jar container, insects were released in the flour, and jars were placed into the incubator at a temperature of 28 ± 1 °C, 60 ± 5% RH. Similarly, the application of 99% CO2 was done with four exposure times of 12, 24, 48, and 72 h, at 35 °C 65 ± 5% RH. Present results showed major fluctuations in the nutritive composition of maize flour. Increase in the moisture, fat, fiber, protein, and ash contents was directly proportional to the increase in infestation level and time, contrary to the depletion of carbohydrates and total weight loss. The results of CO2 treatment indicated that pupa was the most resilient stage as compared with larvae and adult stage. The observed susceptibility order was as follows: adult > larvae > pupae. The maximum mortality of adult, larval, and pupal stages was recorded after 24, 48, and 72 h of CO2 application, respectively. These findings might be helpful to develop an ecofriendly technique to manage this crucial pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Mehmood
- Department of Entomology, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, 46300, Pakistan.
| | - Mureed Husain
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Aslam
- Department of Entomology, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, 46300, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Farid Asif Shaheen
- Department of Entomology, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, 46300, Pakistan
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Guru-Pirasanna-Pandi G, Adak T, Gowda B, Patil N, Annamalai M, Jena M. Toxicological effect of underutilized plant, Cleistanthus collinus leaf extracts against two major stored grain pests, the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae and red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2018; 154:92-99. [PMID: 29454991 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Toxicity and repellency activity of Cleistanthus collinus (Roxb.) (CC) leaf extracts were evaluated against rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.) and red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) under laboratory condition. Five concentration(s) (1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5% and 4%) with two controls (acetone and water) treatments along with deltamethrin were used for direct and contact residual toxicity. The insect that survived after CC exposure were transferred to an untreated feeding substrate and the population buildup of subsequent two generation were recorded after 30 (F1) and 60 days (F2). In the contact residual toxicity, highest CC concentration (4%) produced 75% mortality in S. oryzae and 62.5% mortality in T. castaneum during 7 days of exposure, whereas in direct toxicity the mortality were 81% and 58% respectively, for S. oryzae and T. castaneum. The long term effect of CC was apparent in both the insect species, where F2 populations were significantly decreased in the CC treatments. CC treatment at 4% produced similar adult mortality in comparison to deltamethrin at 1%. In addition, repellent activity of CC extracts was observed against both S. oryzae and T. castaneum. This is the first step towards assessing the scientific basis for the understanding the effectiveness of CC extracts against stored grain pests and it could be a viable eco-friendly option for stored grain insect pest management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Totan Adak
- Division of Crop Protection, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack 753006, India.
| | - Basana Gowda
- Division of Crop Protection, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack 753006, India.
| | - Naveenkumar Patil
- Division of Crop Protection, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack 753006, India.
| | - Mahendiran Annamalai
- Division of Crop Protection, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack 753006, India.
| | - Mayabini Jena
- Division of Crop Protection, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack 753006, India.
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27
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Zhang W, Wang Y, Geng Z, Guo S, Cao J, Zhang Z, Pang X, Chen Z, Du S, Deng Z. Antifeedant Activities of Lignans from Stem Bark of Zanthoxylum armatum DC. against Tribolium castaneum. Molecules 2018; 23:E617. [PMID: 29522428 PMCID: PMC6017925 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23030617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The speciation of a methanolic extract of Zanthoxylum armatum stem bark has enabled the isolation and characterization of 11 known lignans. Among them, five compounds (6, 8-11) are reported in this plant for the first time. All of the chemical structures were elucidated on the basis of NMR spectral analysis. Additionally, their antifeedant activities against Tribolium castaneum were evaluated scientifically. Among them, asarinin (1), with an EC50 of 25.64 ppm, exhibited a much stronger antifeedant activity than the positive control, toosendanin (EC50 = 71.69 ppm). Moreover, fargesin (2), horsfieldin (3), and magnolone (10), with EC50 values of 63.24, 68.39, and 78.37 ppm, showed almost the same antifeedant activity as the positive control. From the perspective of structure-effectiveness relationship, compounds with the chemical group of methylenedioxy exhibited higher antifeedant activities and have potential to be developed into novel antifeedants or potential lead compounds to protect food and crops in storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Protection and Utilization, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Yang Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Protection and Utilization, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Zhufeng Geng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Protection and Utilization, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing 100875, China.
- Analytical and Testing Center, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Shanshan Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Protection and Utilization, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Juqin Cao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Protection and Utilization, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Protection and Utilization, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Xue Pang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Protection and Utilization, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Zhenyang Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Protection and Utilization, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Shushan Du
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Protection and Utilization, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Zhiwei Deng
- Analytical and Testing Center, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100875, China.
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28
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Jackowski J, Popłoński J, Twardowska K, Magiera-Dulewicz J, Hurej M, Huszcza E. Deterrent activity of hops flavonoids and their derivatives against stored product pests. Bull Entomol Res 2017; 107:592-597. [PMID: 28202103 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485317000050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Five flavonoids from hops, two of their derivatives, along with naringenin used as a model compound, were tested for their antifeedant activity against three coleopteran stored product pests: Sitophilus granarius L., Tribolium confusum Duv. and Trogoderma granarium Everts. The introduction, into the tested flavonoid molecules, of additional structural fragments such as prenyl or dimethylpyran moiety, is proposed to significantly alter the deterrent activity of the compounds. The prenyl moiety in flavonoids increased the deterrent activity of these compounds in all three of the grain feeding species used in the tests. It is also concluded that the introduction of dimethylpyran moiety to the flavonoid structure increases its deterrent activity in S. granarius and T. confusum, but in one of the test insects, T. granarium, an increased feeding was observed in response to the introduction of dimethylpyran moiety to the flavonoid structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Jackowski
- Department of Plant Protection,Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences,pl. Grunwaldzki 24a, 53-363 Wrocław,Poland
| | - J Popłoński
- Department of Chemistry,Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences,ul. Norwida 25,50-375 Wrocław,Poland
| | - K Twardowska
- Department of Plant Protection,Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences,pl. Grunwaldzki 24a, 53-363 Wrocław,Poland
| | - J Magiera-Dulewicz
- Department of Plant Protection,Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences,pl. Grunwaldzki 24a, 53-363 Wrocław,Poland
| | - M Hurej
- Department of Plant Protection,Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences,pl. Grunwaldzki 24a, 53-363 Wrocław,Poland
| | - E Huszcza
- Department of Chemistry,Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences,ul. Norwida 25,50-375 Wrocław,Poland
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You CX, Guo SS, Zhang WJ, Geng ZF, Liang JY, Lei N, Du SS, Deng ZW. Chemical Constituents of Murraya tetramera Huang and Their Repellent Activity against Tribolium castaneum. Molecules 2017; 22:E1379. [PMID: 28825643 PMCID: PMC6152413 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22081379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 08/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sixteen compounds were isolated from the leaves and stems of Murrayatetramera Huang. Based on the NMR and MS spectral results, the structures were determined. It was confirmed that the isolated compounds included three new compounds (9, 10 and 13) and one new natural product (8), which were identified asmurratetra A (9), murratetra B (10), murratetra C (13) and [2-(7-methoxy-2-oxochromen-8-yl)-3-methylbut-2-enyl]3-methylbut-2-enoate (8), respectively. Meanwhile, the repellent activity against Tribolium castaneum was investigated for 13 of these isolated compounds. The results showed that the tested compounds had various levels of repellent activity against T. castaneum. Among them, compounds 1 (4(15)-eudesmene-1β,6α-diol), 11 (isoferulic acid) and 16 (2,3-dihydroxypropyl hexadecanoate) showed fair repellent activity against T. castaneum. They might be considered as potential leading compounds for the development of natural repellents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Xue You
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Protection and Utilization, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, No.19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing 100875, China.
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, China.
| | - Shan-Shan Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Protection and Utilization, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, No.19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Wen-Juan Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Protection and Utilization, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, No.19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Zhu-Feng Geng
- Analytical and Testing Center, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Jun-Yu Liang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Protection and Utilization, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, No.19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Ning Lei
- Department of Pharmacy, The General Hospital of the PLA Rocket Force, Xicheng District, Beijing 100088, China.
| | - Shu-Shan Du
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Protection and Utilization, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, No.19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Zhi-Wei Deng
- Analytical and Testing Center, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
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Eyraud V, Balmand S, Karaki L, Rahioui I, Sivignon C, Delmas AF, Royer C, Rahbé Y, Da Silva P, Gressent F. The interaction of the bioinsecticide PA1b (Pea Albumin 1 subunit b) with the insect V-ATPase triggers apoptosis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4902. [PMID: 28687751 PMCID: PMC5501856 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05315-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PA1b (Pea Albumin 1, subunit b) peptide is an entomotoxin, extracted from Legume seeds, with a lethal activity towards several insect pests, such as mosquitoes, some aphids and cereal weevils. This toxin acts by binding to the subunits c and e of the plasma membrane H+-ATPase (V-ATPase) in the insect midgut. In this study, two cereal weevils, the sensitive Sitophilus oryzae strain WAA42, the resistance Sitophilus oryzae strain ISOR3 and the insensitive red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum, were used in biochemical and histological experiments to demonstrate that a PA1b/V-ATPase interaction triggers the apoptosis mechanism, resulting in insect death. Upon intoxication with PA1b, apoptotic bodies are formed in the cells of the insect midgut. In addition, caspase-3 enzyme activity occurs in the midgut of sensitive weevils after intoxication with active PA1b, but not in the midgut of resistant weevils. These biochemical data were confirmed by immuno-histochemical detection of the caspase-3 active form in the midgut of sensitive weevils. Immuno-labelling experiments also revealed that the caspase-3 active form and V-ATPase are close-localized in the insect midgut. The results concerning this unique peptidic V-ATPase inhibitor pave the way for the utilization of PA1b as a promising, more selective and eco-friendly insecticide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Eyraud
- Univ Lyon, INSA-Lyon, INRA, BF2I, UMR0203, F-69621, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Séverine Balmand
- Univ Lyon, INSA-Lyon, INRA, BF2I, UMR0203, F-69621, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Lamis Karaki
- Univ Lyon, INSA-Lyon, INRA, BF2I, UMR0203, F-69621, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Isabelle Rahioui
- Univ Lyon, INSA-Lyon, INRA, BF2I, UMR0203, F-69621, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Catherine Sivignon
- Univ Lyon, INSA-Lyon, INRA, BF2I, UMR0203, F-69621, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Agnès F Delmas
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR 4301, Rue Charles Sadron, 45071, Orléans, Cedex 2, France
| | - Corinne Royer
- Univ Lyon, INSA-Lyon, INRA, BF2I, UMR0203, F-69621, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Yvan Rahbé
- Univ Lyon, INSA-Lyon, INRA, BF2I, UMR0203, F-69621, Villeurbanne, France
- Univ Lyon, INRA, INSA-Lyon, CNRS UMR 5240 MAP, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Pedro Da Silva
- Univ Lyon, INSA-Lyon, INRA, BF2I, UMR0203, F-69621, Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Frédéric Gressent
- Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Méditerranéennes (LSTM), UMR IRD/SupAgro/INRA/UM2/CIRAD, F-34398, Montpellier, France
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Kasar SS, Marathe KR, Bhide AJ, Herwade AP, Giri AP, Maheshwari VL, Pawar PK. A glycoprotein α-amylase inhibitor from Withania somnifera differentially inhibits various α-amylases and affects the growth and development of Tribolium castaneum. Pest Manag Sci 2017; 73:1382-1390. [PMID: 27770482 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identification and characterisation of plant defensive molecules enrich our resources to design crop protection strategies. In particular, plant-derived proteinaceous inhibitor(s) of insect digestive enzymes appear to be a safe, sustainable and attractive option. RESULTS A glycoprotein having non-competitive α-amylase inhibitory activity with a molecular weight of 8.3 kDa was isolated and purified from seeds of Withania somnifera α-amylase inhibitor (WSAI). Its mass spectrometry analysis revealed 59% sequence coverage with Wrightide II-type α-amylase inhibitor from Wrightia religiosa. A dose-dependent inhibition of α-amylases from Aspergillus oryzae, Bacillus subtilis, Helicoverpa armigera and Tribolium castaneum was recorded. Interestingly, WSAI did not inhibit human salivary α-amylase significantly. When adults of T. castaneum were fed with WSAI (1.6 mg g-1 ), decrease in consumption, growth and efficiency of conversion of ingested food was evident, along with over fourfold increases in feeding deterrence index. A decline in larval residual α-amylase activity after feeding of WSAI resulted in a reduction in longevity of T. castaneum. CONCLUSION The study reflects the significance of WSAI in affecting the overall growth and development of T. castaneum. Pre- and post-harvest pest resistive capability makes WSAI a potential candidate for insect pest management. Further, the effectiveness of this inhibitor could be explored either in formulations or through a transgenic approach. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sainath S Kasar
- Department of Biochemistry, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon, Maharashtra, India
| | - Kiran R Marathe
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon, Maharashtra, India
| | - Amey J Bhide
- Plant Molecular Biology Unit, Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Abhijeet P Herwade
- Department of Biotechnology, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ashok P Giri
- Plant Molecular Biology Unit, Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vijay L Maheshwari
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon, Maharashtra, India
| | - Pankaj K Pawar
- Department of Biochemistry, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India
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Żmudzki S, Hamda NT, Gibas - Tybur P. A new TK model approach to assess the effect of migration on copper toxicokinetics in inbred populations of the flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2017; 99:9-16. [PMID: 28547247 PMCID: PMC5487540 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-017-2093-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine the influence of migration on copper (Cu) kinetics of male Tribolium castaneum after 25 generations of exposure for Cu-adapted and non-Cu-adapted inbred lines. Adapted lines were kept on a flour medium contaminated with 1000 mg Cu kg-1. A medium contaminated with 2000 mg Cu kg-1 of copper was used during the intoxication phase. Based on our data and literature reports, we introduced a new two-phase four-stage toxicokinetics (TK) model. The intoxication phase was successfully divided into three stages with separate assimilation rate constant (ka) and elimination rate constant (ke) values. The influence of migration was examined by comparing ka and ke parameters confidence intervals. In non-contaminated environments, migrants significantly increased ka and ke values in the second stage. Migrants decreased the maximum Cu accumulation observed in the experiment. The results indicated that the TK model must show high goodness-of-fit to be a useful tool for comparing treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Żmudzki
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Natnael T. Hamda
- Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108 USA
| | - Patrycja Gibas - Tybur
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
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Abstract
Naphthalene and benzene are widely-used volatile organic compounds. The aim of this research was to examine the toxicological effects of naphthalene and benzene against Tribolium castaneum as an animal model. Adult insects were exposed to these aromatic compounds to assess mortality after 4–48 h of exposure. The lethal concentration 50 (LC50) for naphthalene, naphthalin, and benzene were 63.6 µL/L, 20.0 µL/L, and 115.9 µL/L in air, respectively. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis revealed expression changes in genes related to oxidative stress and metabolism [Glutathione S-Transferase (Gst), and Cytochrome P450 6BQ8 (Cyp6bq8)]; reproduction and metamorphosis [Hormone receptor in 39-like protein (Hr39), Ecdysone receptor: (Ecr), and Chitin synthase 2 (Chs2)]; and neurotransmission [Histamine-gated chloride channel 2 (Hiscl2)] in insects exposed for 4 h to 70.2 µL/L naphthalene. Adults exposed to benzene (80 µL/L; 4 h) overexpressed genes related to neurotransmission [GABA-gated anion channel (Rdl), Hiscl2, and GABA-gated ion channel (Grd)]; reproduction and metamorphosis [Ultraspiracle nuclear receptor (USP), Ecr; and Hr39]; and development (Chs2). The data presented here provides evidence that naphthalene and benzene inhalation are able to induce alterations on reproduction, development, metamorphosis, oxidative stress, metabolism, neurotransmission, and death of the insect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nerlis Pajaro-Castro
- Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, Campus of Zaragocilla, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Cartagena, Cartagena 130001, Colombia.
- Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Group, School of Health Sciences, Department of Medicine, University of Sucre, Sincelejo 700003, Colombia.
| | - Karina Caballero-Gallardo
- Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, Campus of Zaragocilla, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Cartagena, Cartagena 130001, Colombia.
| | - Jesus Olivero-Verbel
- Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, Campus of Zaragocilla, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Cartagena, Cartagena 130001, Colombia.
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Cato AJ, Elliott B, Nayak MK, Phillips TW. Geographic Variation in Phosphine Resistance Among North American Populations of the Red Flour Beetle (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). J Econ Entomol 2017; 110:1359-1365. [PMID: 28369429 DOI: 10.1093/jee/tox091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), is a common stored-product pest found worldwide. Phosphine, hydrogen phosphide (PH3), is the most commonly used fumigant for stored grains, for which genetically based resistance has been recorded for several pest species. This study assessed phosphine resistance in 25 T. castaneum populations from across the United States and Canada using a discriminating dose bioassay. Dose-mortality assays were conducted with adults from seven of these populations to categorize weak and strong resistance phenotypes. Phosphine resistance was detected in 12 out of the 25 populations, and the frequency of resistance within populations varied from 2% in Victoria, TX, to 100% in Red Level, AL. Two resistant populations from Kansas that had been sampled three years earlier were found to have similar resistance frequencies in the current study. None of the four Canadian populations had any detectable resistance among the insects tested. Resistance ratio calculations from LC50 value in resistant populations relative to the LC50 for the laboratory susceptible strain allowed resistance phenotypes to be assigned as either weak resistance, at 5- to 26-fold resistance relative to susceptible, or strong resistance at 95- to 127-fold relative to susceptible. This study suggests that proper resistance assessment techniques can help to determine occurrence of phosphine resistance in populations of T. castaneum and can further characterize the strength of resistance present. These data can be used to support resistance management programs that consider either cessation or modification of phosphine fumigation to control T. castaneum.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Cato
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506 ( ; )
- Present address: Department of Entomology, 319 Agriculture Building, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701
| | - Brent Elliott
- Infestation Control and Sanitation, Canadian Grain Commission, 600-303 Main St., Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3C 3G8
| | - Manoj K Nayak
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Queensland, Ecosciences Precinct, GPO Box 267, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia ( )
- Plant Biosecurity Cooperative Research Centre, GPO Box 5012, Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia
| | - Thomas W Phillips
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506 ( ; )
- Plant Biosecurity Cooperative Research Centre, GPO Box 5012, Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia
- Corresponding author, e-mail:
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Xin M, Guo S, Zhang W, Geng Z, Liang J, Du S, Deng Z, Wang Y. Chemical Constituents of Supercritical Extracts from Alpinia officinarum and the Feeding Deterrent Activity against Tribolium castaneum. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22040647. [PMID: 28420198 PMCID: PMC6154697 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22040647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpinia officinarum has been confirmed to possess bioactivities against some pests. In this work, a sample was obtained from A. officinarum rhizomes by supercritical fluid CO₂ extraction (SFE). According to GC-MS analysis, the main chemical components for SFE-sample included benzylacetone (26.77%), 1,7-diphenyl-5-hydroxy-3-heptanone (17.78%), guaiacylacetone (10.03%) and benzenepropanal (7.42%). The essential oil of A. officinarum rhizomes (LD50 = 20.71 μg/adult) exhibited more contact toxicity than SFE extract (LD50 = 82.72 μg/adult) against Tribolium castaneum. From SFE extracts, one new compound, 1-phenyl-4-(16,17-dimethyl-9,13-octadiene)-5-isopentenyl-7-(4"-methoxyl-3"-hydroxyl-phenyl)-3-heptanone (3), together with five known compounds identified as 5-hydroxy-1,7-diphenyl-3-heptanone (1), 1,7-diphenyl-4-hepten-3-one (2), galangin (4), galangin-3-methyl ether (5) and pinocembrin (6), were isolated and their feeding deterrent activities against T. castaneum adults were assessed. It was found that compounds 1-6 had feeding deterrent activities against T. castaneum with feeding deterrent indices of 18.21%, 18.94%, 19.79%, 26.99%, 20.34%, and 35.81%, respectively, at the concentration of 1500 ppm. Hence, the essential oil and SFE extracts/compounds of A. officinarum rhizomes represent promising alternatives in the control of T. castaneum adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mintong Xin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Protection and Utilization, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Shanshan Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Protection and Utilization, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Wenjuan Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Protection and Utilization, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Zhufeng Geng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Protection and Utilization, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
- Analytical and Testing Center, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Junyu Liang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Protection and Utilization, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Shushan Du
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Protection and Utilization, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Zhiwei Deng
- Analytical and Testing Center, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Yongyan Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Protection and Utilization, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
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Athanassiou CG, Vassilakos TN, Dutton AC, Jessop N, Sherwood D, Pease G, Brglez A, Storm C, Trdan S. Combining electrostatic powder with an insecticide: effect on stored-product beetles and on the commodity. Pest Manag Sci 2016; 72:2208-2217. [PMID: 26864880 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKROUND The opportunity to reduce the amount of pirimiphos-methyl applied to grain by formulating it in an electrostatic powder was investigated. The insecticidal efficacy of pirimiphos-methyl in EC formulation or formulated using electrostatic powder (EP) as an inert carrier was investigated against Sitophilus oryzae (L.), Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.), Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) and Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val. Furthermore, the adhesive properties of EP to rice, corn and wheat, together with the effect on bulk density and bread- and pasta-making properties, were investigated. RESULTS The results showed that pirimiphos-methyl formulated with EP provided better efficacy against adults when compared with EC formulation for O. surinamensis and T. confusum, but there was no difference for R. dominica. Progeny production was consistently lower in grain treated with the EP formulation than in grain treated with the EC. Tests showed that EP adhered to the kernels for longer on hard wheat than on maize or rice. In most commodities, EP did not alter the bulk density. Finally, the addition of EP did not affect flour- and bread-making properties, nor the pasta-making properties. CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study suggest that an EP could be used to reduce the amount of pirimiphos-methyl applied to grain for effective pest control, with no detrimental effects on grain quality. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos G Athanassiou
- Laboratory of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Nea Ionia, Magnesia, Greece.
| | - Thomas N Vassilakos
- Laboratory of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Nea Ionia, Magnesia, Greece
| | - Anna C Dutton
- Global Product Biology Seedcare, Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Andreja Brglez
- Laboratory of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Nea Ionia, Magnesia, Greece
- Department of Agronomy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Stanislav Trdan
- Department of Agronomy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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37
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Gautam SG, Opit GP, Hosoda E. Phosphine Resistance in Adult and Immature Life Stages of Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) and Plodia interpunctella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) Populations in California. J Econ Entomol 2016; 109:2525-2533. [PMID: 27744283 DOI: 10.1093/jee/tow221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Phosphine resistance in stored-product insects occurs worldwide and is a major challenge to continued effective use of this fumigant. We determined resistance frequencies and levels of resistance in Tribolium castaneum and Plodia interpunctella collected from California almond storage and processing facilities. Discriminating doses of phosphine were established for eggs and larvae of P. interpunctella and eggs of T. castaneum using laboratory susceptible strains of the two species. For T. castaneum and P. interpunctella eggs, discriminating doses were 62.4 and 107.8 ppm, respectively, over a 3-d fumigation period, and for P. interpunctella larvae, discriminating dose was 98.7 ppm over a 20-h fumigation period. Discriminating dose tests on adults and eggs showed that 4 out of 11 T. castaneum populations tested had resistance frequencies that ranged from 42 to 100% for adults and 54 to 100% for eggs. LC99 values for the susceptible and the most resistant adults of T. castaneum were 7.4 and 356.9 ppm over 3 d, respectively. LC99 values for T. castaneum eggs were 51.5 and 653.9 ppm, respectively. Based on adult data, the most resistant T. castaneum beetle population was 49× more resistant than the susceptible strain. Phosphine resistance frequencies in P. interpunctella eggs ranged from 4 to 20%. Results show phosphine resistance is present in both species in California. Future research will investigate phosphine resistance over a wider geographic area. In addition, the history of pest management practices in facilities where insects tested in this study originated will be determined in order to develop phosphine resistance management strategies for California almond storage and processing facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G Gautam
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, 127 Noble Research Center, Stillwater, OK 74078 ( ; )
- Current address: Kearney Agricultural Research and Extension Center, 9240 S Riverbend Ave., Parlier, CA 93648
| | - G P Opit
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, 127 Noble Research Center, Stillwater, OK 74078 (; )
| | - E Hosoda
- Cardinal Professional Products, 57 Matmor Rd., Woodland, CA 95776
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Bingsohn L, Knorr E, Vilcinskas A. The model beetle Tribolium castaneum can be used as an early warning system for transgenerational epigenetic side effects caused by pharmaceuticals. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2016; 185-186:57-64. [PMID: 26972758 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2015] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals are not currently tested for transgenerational and epigenetic side effects. The use of vertebrates as preclinical research models is limited by their long generation times, low numbers of progeny and ethical concerns. In contrast, invertebrates such as insects breed rapidly, produce many offspring and are more ethically acceptable, allowing them to be used for high-throughput screening. Here, we established Tribolium castaneum as a model to screen for the effect of drugs on complex fitness parameters and the expression of epigenetic regulatory genes. We tested diets supplemented with the psychoactive drug valproic acid (VPA), which is a histone deacetylase inhibitor, or the antioxidant curcumin, which is a histone acetyltransferase inhibitor. We found that VPA delayed development, reduced longevity, and increased female body weight compared to a control diet. Fertility and fecundity declined and the expression of epigenetic regulatory genes was induced in the untreated F1 generation. In contrast, curcumin did not affect development or body weight, but it increased longevity, caused a significant reduction in fertility, and induced the expression of epigenetic regulatory genes mostly in the treated F0 generation. VPA and curcumin administered to vertebrate models have similar effects to those we observed in T. castaneum, confirming that this beetle is potentially useful as an alternative model to screen for the epigenetic effect of drugs. T. castaneum also provides a valuable early warning system for transgenerational epigenetic risk factors that are difficult to detect in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Bingsohn
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Department of Bioresources, Winchester Str. 2, 35394 Giessen, Germany
| | - Eileen Knorr
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Department of Bioresources, Winchester Str. 2, 35394 Giessen, Germany
| | - Andreas Vilcinskas
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Department of Bioresources, Winchester Str. 2, 35394 Giessen, Germany; Institute for Insect Biotechnology, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
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Athanassiou CG, Kavallieratos NG, Campbell JF. Capture of Tribolium castaneum and Tribolium confusum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) in Floor Traps: The Effect of Previous Captures. J Econ Entomol 2016; 109:461-466. [PMID: 26542957 DOI: 10.1093/jee/tov307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The impact of prior captures on the trapping performance of floor traps was evaluated for the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), and the confused flour beetle, Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), in laboratory conditions. The effect of trap seeding, adding adults of the same or different species, was evaluated in order to determine possible effects of prior captures in the trap on each species' behavioral responses. The presence of seeded beetles of the same species resulted in an increase in beetle captures for both T. castaneum and T. confusum, but when traps were seeded with the opposite species, there was no increase in beetle captures for either species, and for T. castaneum overall captures in both seeded and unseeded traps was reduced. Overall, T. castaneum tended to have greater captures than T. confusum regardless of the treatment. When the two species were released together, this negated the increased response to seeded traps observed in the single-species treatments. These findings suggest the potential that the presence of beetles in a trap may be influencing the response of beetles in a nearby trap and that T. castaneum and T. confusum when they occur together may influence each other's response to traps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos G Athanassiou
- Laboratory of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Development, University of Thessaly, Phytokou str., 38446, Nea Ionia, Magnissia, Greece , USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Center for Grain and Animal Health Research, 1515 College Ave., Manhattan, KS 66502-2736
| | - Nickolas G Kavallieratos
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Center for Grain and Animal Health Research, 1515 College Ave., Manhattan, KS 66502-2736 , Laboratory of Agricultural Zoology and Entomology, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos str., 11855, Athens, Attica, Greece , Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Department of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 8 Stefanou Delta str., 14561, Kifissia, Attica, Greece,
| | - James F Campbell
- Laboratory of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Development, University of Thessaly, Phytokou str., 38446, Nea Ionia, Magnissia, Greece
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Agrafioti P, Athanassiou CG, Vassilakos TN, Vlontzos G, Arthur FH. Using a Lethality Index to Assess Susceptibility of Tribolium confusum and Oryzaephilus surinamensis to Insecticides. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142044. [PMID: 26560316 PMCID: PMC4641671 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated knockdown caused by four insecticides: alpha-cypermethrin, chlorfenapyr, pirimiphos-methyl and fipronil against adults of Tribolium confusum Jacquelin Duval, the confused flour beetle and Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.), the sawtoothed grain beetle. Bioassays were conducted on concrete and metal surfaces. Adults of the tested species were exposed on both surfaces treated with the above insecticides at two doses (low and high). Knockdown assessment was done after 15, 30 and 60 min of adult exposure in the treated surfaces. Also, after 1, 3, 5, 7 and 14 d of exposure, a lethality index was calculated with an equation resulting to values from 0 to 100, where 100 indicated complete mortality and 0 complete survival. We also developed a lethality index by ranking each adult on each surface from 0 to 4, 0: adults moved normally, 1: adults were knocked down, but were able to walk for short intervals, 2: adults were knocked down and unable to walk, but with visible movement of antennae etc., 3: adults were knocked down, with very minimal movement of the tarsi and the antennae and 4: adults were dead (no movement). Knockdown of adults immediately after exposure (15-60 min) was higher for pirimiphos-methyl followed by alpha-cypermethrin, for both dose rates tested and species, but only on the metal surface. The lethality index was nearly 100 for all insecticides after 5d of exposure for O. surinamensis, while for T. confusum the adult lethality index was considerably lower for alpha-cypermethrin, suggesting that that recovery from knockdown occurred. Chlorfenapyr was the only insecticide that was more effective on concrete than on metal, while the reverse was noted for the other three insecticides. These results show that knockdown has different levels, which can be used as indicators of insect mortality or recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paraskevi Agrafioti
- Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece
| | - Christos G. Athanassiou
- Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece
- * E-mail:
| | - Thomas N. Vassilakos
- Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece
| | - George Vlontzos
- Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece
| | - Frank H. Arthur
- USDA-ARS, Center for Grain and Animal Health Research, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
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Bednarska AJ, Stępień K. Concentration dependent toxicokinetics of copper in the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). Ecotoxicology 2015; 24:1823-1830. [PMID: 26169625 PMCID: PMC4661212 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-015-1518-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
To predict internal metal concentrations in animals under specific environmental exposures, the relationship between the exposure concentrations and values of toxicokinetic parameters must be known. At high exposure levels, the availability of carriers transporting metal ions through cellular membranes may become limited, thereby decreasing the assimilation rates (k A ). Furthermore, increased metal concentrations in food may result in greater damage to the gut and reduce the assimilation efficiency and/or increase the elimination rate (k E ). Therefore, k A should decrease and k E should increase with increasing metal concentrations. In fact, our study on Tribolium castaneum exposed to Cu at 500, 1000, 2000 and 4000 mg kg(-1) of dry flour showed that with increasing Cu concentrations, k A decreased from 0.0042 day(-1) at 500 mg kg(-1) to 0.0026 day(-1) at 4000 mg kg(-1) in females and from 0.0029 to 0.001 day(-1) in males and k E increased from 0.027 to 0.064 day(-1) and from 0.018 to 0.04 day(-1) in females and males, respectively. Significant differences in k A between the sexes were observed at 2000 and 4000 mg kg(-1), whereas significant differences between treatments were found for k A in males. Copper was efficiently regulated by T. castaneum: an eightfold increase in exposure concentrations resulted in only a ca. twofold increase in the internal concentration. No Cu effect on the respiratory metabolism of T. castaneum was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka J Bednarska
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Stępień
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
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Kalsi M, Palli SR. Transcription factors, CncC and Maf, regulate expression of CYP6BQ genes responsible for deltamethrin resistance in Tribolium castaneum. Insect Biochem Mol Biol 2015; 65:47-56. [PMID: 26255690 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Insecticide resistance is a global problem that presents an ongoing challenge to control insects that destroy crops, trees and transmit diseases. Dramatic progress has been made during the last decade on identification of insecticide resistance-associated genes. In one of the most common resistance mechanisms, insects acquire resistance by increasing the levels of their detoxification enzymes especially the cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450's). Previous studies in our laboratory showed that the pyrethroid resistance in QTC279 strain of Tribolium castaneum is achieved through constitutive overexpression of the P450 gene CYP6BQ9 by 200-fold higher in the resistant strain as compared to that in the susceptible strain. RNAi-aided knockdown in the expression of probable genes that regulate P450 gene expression in QTC279 identified cap 'n' collar C (CncC) and muscle aponeurosis fibromatosis (Maf) family transcription factors as the key regulator of these genes, CncC and Maf regulate expression of multiple genes in the CYP6BQ cluster. Studies on the promoters of these genes using reporter assays identified binding sites that mediate CncC and Maf regulation of CYP6BQ gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megha Kalsi
- Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546-0091, USA
| | - Subba Reddy Palli
- Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546-0091, USA.
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Jagadeesan R, Nayak MK, Pavic H, Chandra K, Collins PJ. Susceptibility to sulfuryl fluoride and lack of cross-resistance to phosphine in developmental stages of the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). Pest Manag Sci 2015; 71:1379-1386. [PMID: 25382378 DOI: 10.1002/ps.3940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our aim was to ascertain the potential of sulfuryl fluoride (SF) as an alternative fumigant to manage phosphine-resistant pests. We tested the susceptibility of all life stages of red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), to SF and assessed the presence of cross-resistance to this fumigant in phosphine-resistant strains of this species. RESULTS Analysis of dose-response data indicated that the egg was the stage most tolerant to SF under a 48 h exposure period. At LC50 , eggs were 29 times more tolerant than other immature stages and adults, and required a relatively high concentration of 48.2 mg L(-1) for complete mortality. No significant differences in tolerance to SF were observed among the three larval instars, pupae and adults, and all of these stages were controlled at a low concentration of 1.32 mg L(-1) . Phosphine-resistant strains did not show cross-resistance to SF. CONCLUSION Our research concluded that the current maximum registered rate of SF, 1500 gh m(-3) , is adequate to control all the post-embryonic life stages of T. castaneum over a 48 h fumigation period, but it will fail to achieve complete mortality of eggs, indicating the risk of some survival of eggs under this short exposure period. As there is no cross-resistance to SF in phosphine-resistant insects, it will play a key role in managing phosphine resistance in stored-grain insect pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeswaran Jagadeesan
- Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
- Plant Biosecurity Cooperative Research Centre, Bruce, ACT, Australia
| | - Manoj K Nayak
- Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
- Plant Biosecurity Cooperative Research Centre, Bruce, ACT, Australia
| | - Hervoika Pavic
- Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
- Plant Biosecurity Cooperative Research Centre, Bruce, ACT, Australia
| | - Kerri Chandra
- Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Patrick J Collins
- Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
- Plant Biosecurity Cooperative Research Centre, Bruce, ACT, Australia
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Trostanetsky A, Kostyukovsky M, Quinn E. Transovarial Effect of Novaluron on Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) After Termination of Direct Contact. J Insect Sci 2015; 15:125. [PMID: 26363061 PMCID: PMC4672219 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/iev109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The insect growth regulator novaluron (Rimon 10 EC, Makhteshim-Agan Ltd, Israel) is used against many field pests on corn, vegetables, orchards, forests, and cotton plantations. Previously, we studied various effects of novaluron on stored grain pests. Termination in Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) eggs hatching after treating adults with novaluron and following restoration after adult transfer to untreated media was observed. The objective of this study was to investigate the restoration of T. castaneum egg hatch following transfer of adults from treated media to untreated favorable and unfavorable media. The time needed for hatching restoration of 50% of eggs laid by adults transferred from novaluron (1 ppm) treated flour to untreated flour (RT50) was 2.7 d. RT50 for those transferred to untreated wheat grain was 4.1 d. RT90 in flour was 3.6 d, in grain--6.1 d. Varieties of RTs in grain and in flour with nonoverlapping confidence intervals indicate that RTs were significantly different. Delay of eggs hatching restoration for adults transferred from treated flour to unfavorable media (Petri dishes with limited amount of flour, lying of eggs not detected) was observed. RT50 in flour was 2.1 d and RT90--3.1 d, while RT50 in the unfavorable media was 3.4 d and RT90 6.5 d. Delayed effect of egg hatching restoration after adult transfer to unfavorable media provides evidence of the significant role of insect physiological state in novaluron excretion and (or) degradation by T. castaneum females.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Trostanetsky
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, ARO, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, 50250, Israel
| | - M Kostyukovsky
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, ARO, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, 50250, Israel
| | - E Quinn
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, ARO, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, 50250, Israel
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Laskowski R, Radwan J, Kuduk K, Mendrok M, Kramarz P. Population growth rate and genetic variability of small and large populations of Red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum) following multigenerational exposure to copper. Ecotoxicology 2015; 24:1162-1170. [PMID: 25920509 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-015-1463-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We reared large (1000 individuals) and small (20 individuals) populations of Tribolium castaneum on diet contaminated with copper in order to determine if the size of a population affects its ability to adapt to adverse environmental conditions. After 10 generations, we used microsatellite markers to estimate and subsequently compare the genetic variability of the copper-treated populations with that of the control populations, which were reared on uncontaminated medium. Additionally, we conducted a full cross-factorial experiment which evaluated the effects of 10 generations of "pre-exposure" to copper on a population's fitness in control and copper-contaminated environments. In order to distinguish results potentially arising from genetic adaptation from those due to non-genetic effects associated to parental exposure to copper, we subjected also F11 generation, originating from parents not exposed to copper, to the same cross-factorial experiment. The effects of long-term exposure to copper depended on population size: the growth rates of small populations that were pre-exposed to copper were inhibited compared to those of small populations reared in uncontaminated environments. Large Cu-exposed populations had a higher growth rate in the F10 generation compared to the control groups, while the growth rate of the F11 generation was unaffected by copper exposure history. The only factor that had a significant effect on genetic variability was population size, but this was to be expected given the large difference in the number of individuals between large and small populations. Neither copper contamination nor its interaction with population size affected the number of microsatellite alleles retained in the F10 generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryszard Laskowski
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
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Plavšin I, Stašková T, Šerý M, Smýkal V, Hackenberger BK, Kodrík D. Hormonal enhancement of insecticide efficacy in Tribolium castaneum: oxidative stress and metabolic aspects. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2015; 170:19-27. [PMID: 25661030 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2015.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Insect anti-stress responses, including those induced by insecticides, are controlled by adipokinetic hormones (AKHs). We examined the physiological consequences of Pyrap-AKH application on Tribolium castaneum adults (AKH-normal and AKH-deficient prepared by the RNAi technique) treated by two insecticides, pirimiphos-methyl and deltamethrin. Co-application of pirimiphos-methyl and/or deltamethrin with AKH significantly increased beetle mortality compared with application of the insecticides alone. This co-treatment was accompanied by substantial stimulation of general metabolism, as monitored by carbon dioxide production. Further, the insecticide treatment alone affected some basic markers of oxidative stress: it lowered total antioxidative capacity as well as the activity of superoxide dismutase in the beetle body; in addition, it enhanced the activity of catalase and glutathione-S-transferase. However, these discrepancies in oxidative stress markers were eliminated/reduced by co-application with Pyrap-AKH. We suggest that the elevation of metabolism, which is probably accompanied with faster turnover of toxins, might be responsible for the higher mortality that results after AKH and insecticide co-application. Changes in oxidative stress markers are probably not included in the mechanisms responsible for increased mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Plavšin
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre, Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; Department of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Ulica cara Hadrijana 8/A, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Tereza Stašková
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre, Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Šerý
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre, Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; Faculty of Education, University of South Bohemia, Jeronýmova 10, 371 15 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Vlastimil Smýkal
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre, Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Branimir K Hackenberger
- Department of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Ulica cara Hadrijana 8/A, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Dalibor Kodrík
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre, Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
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Chen Z, Schlipalius D, Opit G, Subramanyam B, Phillips TW. Diagnostic molecular markers for phosphine resistance in U.S. populations of Tribolium castaneum and Rhyzopertha dominica. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0121343. [PMID: 25826251 PMCID: PMC4380312 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Stored product beetles that are resistant to the fumigant pesticide phosphine (hydrogen phosphide) gas have been reported for more than 40 years in many places worldwide. Traditionally, determination of phosphine resistance in stored product beetles is based on a discriminating dose bioassay that can take up to two weeks to evaluate. We developed a diagnostic cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence method, CAPS, to detect individuals with alleles for strong resistance to phosphine in populations of the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum, and the lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica, according to a single nucleotide mutation in the dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (DLD) gene. We initially isolated and sequenced the DLD genes from susceptible and strongly resistant populations of both species. The corresponding amino acid sequences were then deduced. A single amino acid mutation in DLD in populations of T. castaneum and R. dominica with strong resistance was identified as P45S in T. castaneum and P49S in R. dominica, both collected from northern Oklahoma, USA. PCR products containing these mutations were digested by the restriction enzymes MboI and BstNI, which revealed presence or absence, respectively of the resistant (R) allele and allowed inference of genotypes with that allele. Seven populations of T. castaneum from Kansas were subjected to discriminating dose bioassays for the weak and strong resistance phenotypes. Application of CAPS to these seven populations confirmed the R allele was in high frequency in the strongly resistant populations, and was absent or at a lower frequency in populations with weak resistance, which suggests that these populations with a low frequency of the R allele have the potential for selection of the strong resistance phenotype. CAPS markers for strong phosphine resistance will help to detect and confirm resistant beetles and can facilitate resistance management actions against a given pest population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaorigetu Chen
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
- Plant Biosecurity Cooperative Research Center, Bruce, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - David Schlipalius
- Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Agri-Science Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Plant Biosecurity Cooperative Research Center, Bruce, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - George Opit
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Bhadriraju Subramanyam
- Dept. of Grain Science and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
- Plant Biosecurity Cooperative Research Center, Bruce, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Thomas W. Phillips
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
- Plant Biosecurity Cooperative Research Center, Bruce, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- * E-mail:
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Verlinden H, Vleugels R, Verdonck R, Urlacher E, Vanden Broeck J, Mercer A. Pharmacological and signalling properties of a D2-like dopamine receptor (Dop3) in Tribolium castaneum. Insect Biochem Mol Biol 2015; 56:9-20. [PMID: 25449128 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2014.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Revised: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Dopamine is an important neurotransmitter in the central nervous system of vertebrates and invertebrates. Despite their evolutionary distance, striking parallels exist between deuterostomian and protostomian dopaminergic systems. In both, signalling is achieved via a complement of functionally distinct dopamine receptors. In this study, we investigated the sequence, pharmacology and tissue distribution of a D2-like dopamine receptor from the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum (TricaDop3) and compared it with related G protein-coupled receptors in other invertebrate species. The TricaDop3 receptor-encoding cDNA shows considerable sequence similarity with members of the Dop3 receptor class. Real time qRT-PCR showed high expression in both the central brain and the optic lobes, consistent with the role of dopamine as neurotransmitter. Activation of TricaDop3 expressed in mammalian cells increased intracellular Ca(2+) signalling and decreased NKH-477 (a forskolin analogue)-stimulated cyclic AMP levels in a dose-dependent manner. We studied the pharmacological profile of the TricaDop3 receptor and demonstrated that the synthetic vertebrate dopamine receptor agonists, 2 - amino- 6,7 - dihydroxy - 1,2,3,4 - tetrahydronaphthalene hydrobromide (6,7-ADTN) and bromocriptine acted as agonists. Methysergide was the most potent of the antagonists tested and showed competitive inhibition in the presence of dopamine. This study offers important information on the Dop3 receptor from Tribolium castaneum that will facilitate functional analyses of dopamine receptors in insects and other invertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heleen Verlinden
- Department of Animal Physiology and Neurobiology, Zoological Institute, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Department of Zoology, University of Otago, 340 Great King Street, Dunedin, New Zealand.
| | - Rut Vleugels
- Department of Animal Physiology and Neurobiology, Zoological Institute, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rik Verdonck
- Department of Animal Physiology and Neurobiology, Zoological Institute, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Elodie Urlacher
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, 340 Great King Street, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Jozef Vanden Broeck
- Department of Animal Physiology and Neurobiology, Zoological Institute, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Alison Mercer
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, 340 Great King Street, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Jacobs CGC, Spaink HP, van der Zee M. The extraembryonic serosa is a frontier epithelium providing the insect egg with a full-range innate immune response. eLife 2014; 3:e04111. [PMID: 25487990 PMCID: PMC4358341 DOI: 10.7554/elife.04111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Drosophila larvae and adults possess a potent innate immune response, but the response of Drosophila eggs is poor. In contrast to Drosophila, eggs of the beetle Tribolium are protected by a serosa, an extraembryonic epithelium that is present in all insects except higher flies. In this study, we test a possible immune function of this frontier epithelium using Tc-zen1 RNAi-mediated deletion. First, we show that bacteria propagate twice as fast in serosa-less eggs. Then, we compare the complete transcriptomes of wild-type, control RNAi, and Tc-zen1 RNAi eggs before and after sterile or septic injury. Infection induces genes involved in Toll and IMD-signaling, melanisation, production of reactive oxygen species and antimicrobial peptides in wild-type eggs but not in serosa-less eggs. Finally, we demonstrate constitutive and induced immune gene expression in the serosal epithelium using in situ hybridization. We conclude that the serosa provides insect eggs with a full-range innate immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Herman P Spaink
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
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Walski T, Van Damme EJM, Smagghe G. Penetration through the peritrophic matrix is a key to lectin toxicity against Tribolium castaneum. J Insect Physiol 2014; 70:94-101. [PMID: 25240534 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2014.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Revised: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In the last decades lectins have received a lot of attention as potential tools in pest control. Despite substantial progress in the field not all the factors determining insecticidal potency and selectivity of these proteins have been described. Recently, three lectins, RSA (Rhizoctonia solani agglutinin), SNA-I and SNA-II (Sambucus nigra agglutinin I and II) have been shown to be toxic to aphids and caterpillars. In this project we investigated if these lectins are also toxic against larvae and a cell line of the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum, a model organism and important pest of stored products. Furthermore, we analyzed the stability of the lectins in the larval gut and used confocal microscopy to compare their efficiency in passing through the peritrophic matrix (PM). We observed that all three lectins were toxic against the T. castaneum cell line and their effectiveness in vitro was in decreasing order SNA-II>SNA-I>RSA with the respective EC50 being 0.1, 0.5 and 3.6 μg/ml. Larvae feeding for 16 day on diets containing 2% RSA, 2% SNA-II and 2% SNA-I weighed 0.14 ± 0.07 mg, 0.67 ± 0.44 mg and 1.89 ± 0.38 mg, corresponding to approximately 7%, 36% and 80% of control larvae, respectively. As a consequence, RSA increased the time to adult emergence by over 3-fold, SNA-II by 1.9-fold and SNA-I by 1.2-fold. RSA and SNA-II were stable in the larval gut, while SNA-I was digested and excreted with the feces. Finally, confocal microscopy confirmed that RSA passed through the PM more efficiently than SNA-II. In conclusion, our data suggest that the lectin ability to pass through the PM, governed by molecule dimensions, charge and size of PM pores, is one of the features that determine the toxicity of these insecticidal proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Walski
- Department of Crop Protection, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Els J M Van Damme
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent, Belgium; NB-Photonics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Guy Smagghe
- Department of Crop Protection, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent, Belgium.
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