1
|
Possamai Della A, Prado J. Areas of endemism of Pteridaceae (Polypodiopsida) in Brazil: a first approach. Cladistics 2024; 40:157-180. [PMID: 38124237 DOI: 10.1111/cla.12568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Areas of endemism (AoE) comprise regions host to two or more endemic taxa, whose distributional limits are congruent and not random. These areas are important for two reasons: they comprise the smallest geographic units for biogeographic analyses and they are priority targets for conservation actions. Ferns are a monophyletic group that despite having a wide geographic distribution, concentrates great species richness and endemism in some regions (centres). The southern and southeastern regions of Brazil comprise one of these centres for the Neotropics. This study aims to verify the AoE of Pteridaceae in Brazil and examine whether the results obtained here are congruent with areas already delimited for other groups and whether there is spatial correspondence between the AoE and Conservation Units. To this end, a database was created with collection records of the 205 Pteridaceae species occurring in Brazil based on a review of herbaria. We analysed 23 815 records for 205 Pteridaceae species using Endemicity Analysis (NDM-VNDM), selecting the fill and assumed parameters, and 1°, 2° and 3° grid-cells. The consensus of 158 AoE, using different grid sizes, was calculated, and subsequently, generalized AoE were established. The Guiana Shield, southern Brazil, southeastern Brazil, and southeastern Bahia were considered generalized AoE. These areas correspond to those found for animals and angiosperms, and in previous studies with ferns. Furthermore, two areas, Acre and Mato Grosso do Sul, were recovered only on grids with 2° and 3°. It will be essential to conduct more research to confirm the persistence of both AoE (Acre and Mato Grosso do Sul), especially after expanding sampling. Most endemic species distribution points occur outside protected areas, demonstrating an alarming situation regarding the conservation of these taxa. In addition, fern distribution data could (and should) be used in conservation practices, programmes and policies, given that they are good ecological indicators and that the distribution of ferns may not reflect that of angiosperms and animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aline Possamai Della
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão 277, CEP 05508-090, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Jefferson Prado
- Instituto de Pesquisas Ambientais, Herbário SP, Av. Miguel Estéfano 3687, CEP 04301-012, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cabral H, Guedes TB, Santana DJ. Functional traits and phylogeny explain snake distribution in the world's largest dry forest ecoregion, the Gran Chaco. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9503. [PMID: 36407904 PMCID: PMC9666913 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Macroecological studies describe large‐scale diversity patterns through analyses of species distribution patterns and allows us to elucidate how species differing in ecology, physical requirements, and life histories are distributed in a multidimensional space. These patterns of distributions can be explained by vegetation, and climatic factors, and are determined by historical and current factors. The continuous accumulation of information on the distribution patterns of species is essential to understand the history and evolution of the biota. In this study, we aimed to identify functional and evolutionary drivers that explain the geographic patterns of vertical stratification. We compiled morphological, ecological, and distribution data of 140 species of Chacoan snakes and constructed null models to map their geographic pattern. We used a range of environmental variables to assess which drivers are influencing these biogeographic patterns. Lastly, we used evolutionary data to build the first map of the phylogenetic regions of Chacoan snakes. We found a latitudinal pattern, with a marked verticality in the snake assemblies in the Chaco. Verticality and long‐tailed species richness increased in areas with high stratified habitats and stable temperature. Fossoriality is driven mainly by soil conditions, especially soils with fewer sand particles and less stratified habitat. Phylogenetic regions in the Chaco showed a marked latitudinal pattern, like that observed in the geographic pattern of verticality. The distribution pattern of Chacoan snakes also reflects their evolutionary history, with a marked phylogenetic regionalization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Cabral
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Biologia Animal Universidade Estadual Paulista São José do Rio Preto Brazil
- Instituto de Investigación Biológica del Paraguay Asunción Paraguay
- Mapinguari – Laboratório de Biogeografia e Sistemática de Anfíbios e Répteis, Instituto de Biociências Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul Campo Grande Brazil
| | - Thaís B. Guedes
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia Universidade Estadual de Campinas Campinas Brazil
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Center and Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Gothenburg Göteborg Sweden
| | - Diego J. Santana
- Mapinguari – Laboratório de Biogeografia e Sistemática de Anfíbios e Répteis, Instituto de Biociências Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul Campo Grande Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ferrari A, Janisch Alvares D, Buratto PM, Ribeiro Barão K. Distribution patterns of Triatominae (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) in the Americas: an analysis based on networks and endemicity. Cladistics 2022; 38:563-581. [PMID: 35148437 DOI: 10.1111/cla.12500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Triatominae, commonly known as kissing bugs, are a group of approximately 150 species of hematophagous reduviids, some of which are vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent of the Chagas disease. Distributional patterns of triatomines have been studied based on macroecological and historical biogeographic approaches, but the definition of distributional patterns and areas of endemism are yet to be defined based on objective criteria. We used two methods to identify biogeographic units in the Triatominae: the endemicity analysis based on an optimality criterion (NDM/VNDM software) and a network approach aimed to simplify and highlight the underlying structure in species distributions (Infomap Bioregions). Information on species distributions was obtained from a data paper, comprising 21 815 records for 135 triatomine species occurring in the Americas. The resulting areas of each method were clustered using a meta consensus criterion based on dissimilarities and interpreted as recurrent areas. The NDM areas show a nested structure, presenting greater restrictions to the inclusion of species in a given area, requiring broad sympatry. In contrast, bioregions emphasize spatial patterns with better-delimited areas and species occurrences do not need to be highly congruent. When areas were clustered based on their species composition two clear patterns arose from both methods: (i) areas within the southern Amazon and southeast South America, especially in the Chacoan subregion, formed a cluster, and (ii) areas north of the Amazon, Pacific, Mesoamerica, Mexican transition zone and Nearctic formed another cluster. Moreover, within each of these two clusters, there was a latitudinal gradient of the areas in the Americas showing spatial similarity between the areas found in both methods. Results of both methods show well-bound areas separating the triatomine fauna in the Brazilian subregions, resulting in the recognition of areas corresponding to the biomes Chaco, Pampa, Cerrado, and Caatinga, and, to a lesser extent, the Atlantic Forest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Augusto Ferrari
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal - PPG-BAN, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande Sul, UFRGS, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, Porto Alegre, 91540-000, Brazil.,Laboratório de Entomologia, Sistemática e Biogeografia - LESB, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Av. Itália, km 8, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Diego Janisch Alvares
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal - PPG-BAN, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande Sul, UFRGS, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, Porto Alegre, 91540-000, Brazil.,Grupo de Estudos de Mamíferos Aquáticos do Rio Grande do Sul (GEMARS), Rua Bento Gonçalves, 165/1002, Torres, 95560-000, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Maria Buratto
- Laboratório de Entomologia, Sistemática e Biogeografia - LESB, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Av. Itália, km 8, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Kim Ribeiro Barão
- Laboratório de Sistemática e Diversidade de Artrópodes, Unidade Educacional Penedo, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Av. Beira Rio, s/n, Penedo, 57200-00, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Alvares DJ, Ferrari A, Borges-Martins M. Geographic distribution patterns of amphibians and reptiles from the Uruguayan Savanna. SYST BIODIVERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/14772000.2022.2039796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Diego Janisch Alvares
- Programa de Pós–Graduação em Biologia Animal, Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | - Augusto Ferrari
- Programa de Pós–Graduação em Biologia Animal, Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, FURG, Campus Carreiros, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | - Marcio Borges-Martins
- Programa de Pós–Graduação em Biologia Animal, Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Liu T, Liu H, Wang Y, Xi H, Yang Y. Assessing the Diversity and Distribution Pattern of the Speciose Genus Lycocerus (Coleoptera: Cantharidae) by the Global-Scale Data. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.794750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Species richness patterns and endemism on the large-scale play a significant role in biogeography and biodiversity conservation. This study aimed to explore the diversity centers and endemic areas of a large cantharid genus Lycocerus, so as to test whether the hypothesis of montane and island systems biodiversity in previous studies was supported. In this study, a comprehensive species’ geographical database on the global scale consisting of 4,227 records for 324 Lycocerus species was compiled and analyzed. Species richness pattern was mapped into a grid-based map with a spatial resolution of 1° × 1° fishnet. An unbalanced pattern was identified, and it showed that the centers of species richness of Lycocerus were situated in Eastern Himalayas, Hengduan Mountains, Eastern Sichuan Mountains, Taiwan, and Japan. Further analyses based on two approaches, including parsimony analysis of endemicity (PAE) and endemicity analysis (EA), were applied to detect areas of endemism (AOEs) at three different grid sizes (1°, 1.5°, and 2°). Finally, a total of nine AOEs were detected, including five montane areas (Himalayan areas, Hengduan Mountains, South edge of China, Eastern China Mountains, and Eastern Sichuan Mountains), three islands (Taiwan Island, Japan, and Korean Peninsula), and one plateau (Shan Plateau), which were generally consistent with the species richness pattern. The results verify that montane and island systems have an essential role in promoting the formation of diversity centers and AOEs because of their complex topography, varied habitat and geological events.
Collapse
|
6
|
Dalapicolla J, Abreu EF, do Prado JR, de Almeida Chiquito E, de Oliveira Roth PR, de Góes Brennand PG, Pavan ACD, Pereira A, Mendes FR, del Valle Alvarez MR, Rios ÉO, Cassano CR, Miretzki M, Vélez F, da Paixão Sevá A, Percequillo AR, Bovendorp RS. Areas of endemism of small mammals are underprotected in the Atlantic Forest. J Mammal 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyab073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Atlantic Forest (AF) is amongst the most threatened forests in the world. To decide where conservation efforts should be focused to preserve species, assessment of ecological and biogeographic processes nowadays are crucial. Patterns of the distribution of organisms can provide an important source of information underlying the biogeographical history of a biota. Here, our main objective was to identify Areas of Endemism (AoE) for non-volant small mammals in the AF and to investigate if those AoE are covered by protected areas. We performed quantitative and qualitative approaches to delimit AoE and calculated the area overlaid by Conservation Units (CU) within each AoE. Our results supported the recognition of seven AoE for small mammals in the AF, which largely are congruent with previous studies undertaken on other organisms, thereby highlighting the importance of those regions as hotspots of endemism. Most of the AoE recovered in the present study have less than 12% of their territory covered by forest remnants, and less than 11% of their entire range is under legal protection. These findings bring to light an important discussion on how information pertaining to the representativeness of CU within regions of high endemicity could help to identify areas in need of urgent protection within a threatened biodiversity hotspot.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeronymo Dalapicolla
- Instituto Tecnológico Vale, Desenvolvimento Sustentável, Rua Boaventura da Silva, 955, 66055-090 Belém, PA, Brazil
- Laboratório de Mamíferos, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz” (ESALQ), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Av. Pádua Dias, 11, 13418-900 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Edson Fiedler Abreu
- Laboratório de Mamíferos, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz” (ESALQ), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Av. Pádua Dias, 11, 13418-900 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Joyce Rodrigues do Prado
- Laboratório de Mamíferos, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz” (ESALQ), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Av. Pádua Dias, 11, 13418-900 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Elisandra de Almeida Chiquito
- Laboratório de Mamíferos, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz” (ESALQ), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Av. Pádua Dias, 11, 13418-900 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional da Mata Atlântica (INMA), Av. José Ruschi 4, 29650-000 Santa Teresa, ES, Brazil
| | - Paulo Ricardo de Oliveira Roth
- Laboratório de Mamíferos, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz” (ESALQ), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Av. Pádua Dias, 11, 13418-900 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Carolina D’Oliveira Pavan
- Laboratório de Mamíferos, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz” (ESALQ), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Av. Pádua Dias, 11, 13418-900 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Alex Pereira
- Bioconsultoria Gestão e Licenciamento Ambiental, Avenida Tancredo Neves, 274, Bloco B, Sala 427, 41820-907 Salvador, BA,Brazil
| | - Fabiana Rocha Mendes
- Instituto Neotropical: Pesquisa e Conservação (INPCON), Rua Purus 33, 82520-750 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Martin Roberto del Valle Alvarez
- Coleção de Mamíferos “Alexandre Rodrigues Ferreira” (CMARF), Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Rodovia Jorge Amado, km16, Salobrinho, 45662-900 Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
| | - Élson Oliveira Rios
- Coleção de Mamíferos “Alexandre Rodrigues Ferreira” (CMARF), Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Rodovia Jorge Amado, km16, Salobrinho, 45662-900 Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
| | - Camila Righetto Cassano
- Laboratório de Ecologia Aplicada à Conservação, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Rodovia Jorge Amado, km16, Salobrinho, 45662-900 Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
| | - Michel Miretzki
- Laboratório de Biologia e Ecologia de Vertebrados, Departamento de Zoologia, Ciência Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Av. Coronel Francisco H. dos Santos, 100 - Caixa Postal 19020, 81531-980 Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Felipe Vélez
- Laboratório de Ecologia Aplicada à Conservação, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Rodovia Jorge Amado, km16, Salobrinho, 45662-900 Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
| | - Anaiá da Paixão Sevá
- Departamento de Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Rodovia Jorge Amado, km16, Salobrinho, 45662-900 Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Reis Percequillo
- Laboratório de Mamíferos, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz” (ESALQ), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Av. Pádua Dias, 11, 13418-900 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Siqueira Bovendorp
- Laboratório de Mamíferos, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz” (ESALQ), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Av. Pádua Dias, 11, 13418-900 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
- Laboratório de Ecologia Aplicada à Conservação, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Rodovia Jorge Amado, km16, Salobrinho, 45662-900 Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
- Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Av. 24 A, 1515, 13506-900 Rio Claro, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Liria J, Szumik CA, Goloboff PA. Analysis of endemism of world arthropod distribution data supports biogeographic regions and many established subdivisions. Cladistics 2021; 37:559-570. [PMID: 34570939 DOI: 10.1111/cla.12448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We analyzed 769 242 occurrence records for 115 424 species of terrestrial arthropods, from three biodiversity repositories (Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF), Natural History Museum, London, and "Sistema de Informação Distribuído para Coleções Biológicas" (SpeciesLink)), to test the use of global-scale data points for quantitative assessments of areas of endemism. The data include Insecta (105,941 species), Arachnida (7984 species), Myriapoda (1229) and terrestrial crustaceans (270 Branchiopoda). The species were assigned to 14 543 higher taxonomic groups because such groups often characterize larger areas of endemism. Putative areas of endemism were visualized as sets of cells displaying unique groups of species without the assumption of hierarchical relationships. Yet, the use of 10° grid cells recovered many large areas broadly corresponding to biogeographic Regions (Nearctic, Neotropical, Panamanian, Palaearctic, Afrotropical, Australian, Oceanian and Oriental) albeit with the limits poorly defined. An analysis of 5° grids resulted in 306 sets included in the different biogeographic Realms: Afrotropical, Australian, Madagascan, Nearctic, Neotropical, Oceanian, Oriental, Palaearctic, Saharo-Arabian and Sino-Japanese. The Panamanian Realm comprises 89 partly overlapping sets, crossing the Nearctic and Neotropical boundaries. A total of 7338 species of Insecta were endemic to some areas (Sino-Japanese, Afrotropical, Panamanian, Palaearctic, among others), followed by Arachnida (412 spp) and 105 species in other clades ranked as "classes". Six sets were supported only by genera, except for Panamanian sets that were supported by genera and families. Many of the species in the dataset are included in IUCN red lists, but probably most of those have distributions more restricted than global areas of endemism; only 102 appear as endemic to some area (Neartic, Madagascan, Panamanian, Afrotropical, among others). The results show that data from global databases can be used to identify areas of endemism on a worldwide basis but-owing to their incompleteness-only at a relatively coarse level. At the level of resolution currently allowed by such databases, such global studies are only complementary to studies where areas are determined subjectively by systematists (instead of actual point records), or studies using point records in datasets for specific taxonomic groups curated and compiled by specialists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Liria
- Grupo de Investigación en Población y Ambiente, Universidad Regional Amazónica Ikiam, 7 Km vía Muyuna, Napo, Ecuador.,Centro de Estudios en Zoología Aplicada, Universidad de Carabobo, Intercomunal Bárbula, Carabobo, Valencia, Venezuela
| | - Claudia A Szumik
- Unidad Ejecutora Lillo, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, calle Miguel Lillo 251, S.M. de Tucumán 4000, Argentina
| | - Pablo A Goloboff
- Unidad Ejecutora Lillo, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, calle Miguel Lillo 251, S.M. de Tucumán 4000, Argentina.,American Museum of Natural History, 200 Central Park West, New York, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Gomes-da-Silva J, Forzza RC. Two centuries of distribution data: detection of areas of endemism for the Brazilian angiosperms. Cladistics 2021; 37:442-458. [PMID: 34478191 DOI: 10.1111/cla.12445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Brazil has high levels of biodiversity and has received strong criticism for the increasing country-wide deforestation that threatens it. Although a significant percentage of land area in Brazil is protected, the areas are insufficient and unevenly distributed. Many studies have contributed to the biogeographical knowledge of Brazilian flora, but no endemicity analysis (EA) has been conducted including all endemic angiosperms. We investigated the spatial component, drawing on a huge and taxonomically diverse dataset based on 827 016 records collected over the last two centuries. We conducted an EA for 15 034 species from 173 families using an optimality criterion with 2° and 3° grid sizes, in order to search for distributional concordance, to identify the biogeographical units and discuss the implications for conservation. Six analyses were run for basal angiosperms, monocots and eudicots. The EA recovered 66 consensus areas (CAs). The concordance of CAs enabled the identification of five best-supported areas of endemism--three in the Atlantic and Parana Forest and two areas in the Cerrado province--supported by species of 120 families. The age of divergence for some genera that contributed significantly to the identification of areas recovered in the Cerrado coincides with the recent, <10 Ma, estimated age of that province. By contrast, the areas in the Atlantic and Parana Forest are supported by genera with earlier diversification >30 Ma, supporting an ancient origin. Most areas in the Atlantic Forest are partially superimposed with the limits of the protected areas, however, big gaps were identified in the Cerrado. Protecting Brazilian biomes was at the heart of Brazil's environmental policy. Regrettably, this scenario has radically changed based on misleading divergences in conservation policy. Areas of endemism are pivotal for biodiversity conservation due to the common evolutionary history shared by their endemic taxa. Thus, we hope that these congruent patterns of endemism support the establishment of biodiversity priorities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janaína Gomes-da-Silva
- Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Pacheco Leão, 915, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22460-030, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Av. Francisco Heráclito dos Santos s.n., Campus do Centro Politécnico, Curitiba, PR, 81531-980, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhao Z, Yang L, Long J, Chang Z, Zhou Z, Zhi Y, Yang L, Li H, Sui Y, Gong N, Wang X, Chen X. Endemism Patterns of Planthoppers (Fulgoroidea) in China. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.683722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies on endemism are always of high interest in biogeography and contribute to better understanding of the evolution of species and making conservation plans. The present study aimed to investigate the endemism patterns of planthoppers in China by delimiting centers of endemism and areas of endemism. We collected 6,907 spatial distribution records for 860 endemic planthopper species from various resources. Centers of endemism were identified using weighted endemism values at 1° grid size. Parsimony analysis of endemicity and endemicity analysis were employed to detect areas of endemism at 1°, 1.5°, and 2° grid sizes. Six centers of endemism located in mountainous areas were identified: Taiwan Island, Hainan Island, eastern Yungui Plateau, Wuyi Mountains, western Qinling Mountains, and western Yunnan. We also delimited six areas of endemism, which were generally consistent with centers of endemism. Our findings demonstrated that mountainous areas have an essential role in facilitating the high level of endemism and formation of areas of endemism in planthoppers through the combined effects of complex topography, a long-term stable environment, and geological events. Dispersal ability and distribution of host plants also have important effects on the patterns of planthoppers’ endemism.
Collapse
|
10
|
López-Berrizbeitia MF, Acosta-Gutiérrez R, Díaz MM. Fleas of mammals and patterns of distributional congruence in northwestern Argentina: A preliminary biogeographic analysis. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04871. [PMID: 32964163 PMCID: PMC7490545 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In few groups of parasites have the patterns of distribution been studied using quantitative methods, even though, the study of these organisms indirectly provides information on the biogeographic history of their hosts, and in turn, the history of the hosts allows elucidation of speciation events of the parasites. Our objective was to quantitatively identify distributional congruence patterns of native fleas in northwestern Argentina. We analyzed 159 georeferenced distributional records of 47 species and six subspecies of fleas in northwestern Argentina using NDM/VNDM software. We found eight consensus areas, defined by 17 species and two subspecies, included in six patterns of distributional congruence (PDCs) with endemic and non-endemic fleas. The PDCs with the greatest values of endemicity (E) were mainly associated with Monte and Yungas Forests areas. All patterns indicated strong tendency of the Yungas Forests as a possible endemism area. Our results indicate that distributional congruence centers are generally located in Yungas Forests areas and highlight the importance of these areas in conservation and historical biology. This new information will allow delimitation of areas in the region at a more detailed resolution in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M. Fernanda López-Berrizbeitia
- Programa de Investigaciones de Biodiversidad Argentina (PIDBA), Programa de Conservación de los Murciélagos de Argentina (PCMA), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Miguel Lillo 205, San Miguel de Tucumán, CP 4000, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Tucumán, Argentina
- Fundación Miguel Lillo, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Roxana Acosta-Gutiérrez
- Museo de Zoología “Alfonso L. Herrera”, Departamento de Biología Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), CDMX, Mexico
| | - M. Mónica Díaz
- Programa de Investigaciones de Biodiversidad Argentina (PIDBA), Programa de Conservación de los Murciélagos de Argentina (PCMA), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Miguel Lillo 205, San Miguel de Tucumán, CP 4000, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Tucumán, Argentina
- Fundación Miguel Lillo, Tucumán, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Maduna SN, Hull KL, Farrell ED, Boomer JJ, Veríssimo A, Marino IAM, Mazzoldi C, Zane L, Wintner SP, Chesalin MV, da Silva C, Gubili C, Mariani S, Bester-Van Der Merwe AE. Historical biogeography of smoothhound sharks (genus Mustelus) of Southern Africa reveals multiple dispersal events from the Northern Hemisphere. SYST BIODIVERS 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/14772000.2020.1787550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simo N. Maduna
- Molecular Breeding and Biodiversity Group, Department of Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag XI, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa
- Division of Environment and Natural Resources, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), N-1431 Ås, Norway
| | - Kelvin L. Hull
- Molecular Breeding and Biodiversity Group, Department of Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag XI, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa
| | - Edward D. Farrell
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, Science Centre West, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Jessica J. Boomer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, 2109 Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ana Veríssimo
- Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Rua Padre Armando Quintas, Vairão 4485-661, Portugal
- College of William and Mary, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, Route 1208, Greate Road, Gloucester Point, VA 23062, USA
| | - Ilaria A. M. Marino
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/B 35131, Padova, Italy
- Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare (CoNISMa), Roma 00196, Italy
| | - Carlotta Mazzoldi
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/B 35131, Padova, Italy
- Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare (CoNISMa), Roma 00196, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Zane
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/B 35131, Padova, Italy
- Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare (CoNISMa), Roma 00196, Italy
| | - Sabine P. Wintner
- KwaZulu-Natal Sharks Board, Private Bag 2, Umhlanga Rocks, KwaZulu-Natal 4320, South Africa
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Mikhail V. Chesalin
- A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of RAS, Russian Federation
| | - Charlene da Silva
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries: Branch: Fisheries Research Development, Inshore Research, Private Bag X2, Rogge Bay 8012, South Africa
| | - Chrysoula Gubili
- Fisheries Research Institute, Hellenic Agricultural Organization – DEMETER, Nea Peramos, 64007, Kavala, Greece
| | - Stefano Mariani
- School of Biological & Environmental Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
| | - Aletta E. Bester-Van Der Merwe
- Molecular Breeding and Biodiversity Group, Department of Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag XI, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Biogeographical patterns and areas of endemism for the Magellan region based on the distribution of crustacean species (Amphipoda, Copepoda, and Euphausiacea). Polar Biol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-020-02626-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
13
|
Silva JLD, Vaz-de-Mello FZ. Areas of endemism in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest based on the distribution of dung beetles (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae). IHERINGIA. SERIE ZOOLOGIA 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4766e2020003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Our goals were to determine whether the pattern of geographical distribution of dung beetles in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest (BAF), Southeast Brazil, supports the identification of the areas of endemism in this biome, how the number and boundaries of the areas of endemism vary with the spatial scale used in the analysis, if the areas of endemism identified here are consistent with previous proposals described in the literature. We used the analysis of endemicity (NDM) on the distributional patterns of 198 species and subspecies of dung beetles in order to identify areas of endemism into grids of 0.25°x0.25°, 0.5°x0.5° and 1°x1°. A total of 15 consensus areas (CA) were identified with the different grid sizes employed (two of 0.25°, three of 0.5° and 10 of 1°). Our results support the assumptions about the influence of the grid size, since a smaller number of CA were identified for the 0.25° grids (02 CA), whereas by increasing the size of the units, there was an increase in the number of the areas of endemism (10 CA of 1°). Despite different levels of geographical congruence, the areas of endemism located in the BAF described elsewhere are corroborate, all or part of them. The overlap of these CA allowed the definition of three generalized areas of endemism: Southeast, Central and Southwest. These generalized areas encompassed habitats with great environmental variety, potentially influencing the levels of endemism of species of dung beetles. Furthermore, they were corroborated by other areas of endemism described in the literature, allowing us to argue that processes forming these regions have influenced dung beetle species as described for other groups of organisms.
Collapse
|
14
|
Apodaca MJ, Katinas L, Guerrero EL. Hidden areas of endemism: Small units in the South-eastern Neotropics. SYST BIODIVERS 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/14772000.2019.1646833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- María José Apodaca
- División Plantas Vasculares, Museo de La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Paseo del Bosque s/n. 1900, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina. CONICET
| | - Liliana Katinas
- División Plantas Vasculares, Museo de La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Paseo del Bosque s/n. 1900, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina. CONICET
| | - Elián Leandro Guerrero
- División Plantas Vasculares, Museo de La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Paseo del Bosque s/n. 1900, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina. CONICET
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Dowding EM, Ebach MC, Mavrodiev EV. Temporal area approach for distributional data in biogeography. Cladistics 2019; 35:435-445. [PMID: 34633694 DOI: 10.1111/cla.12360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A structural approach to temporality in distributional data for use in palaeobiogeography is described herein. Pre-established areas in the distributional data matrix are split temporally, allowing a single geographical space to have multiple iterations [e.g. Area A (Lower Devonian), Area A (Middle Devonian)]. The resulting temporal matrix will allow the representation and capture of any differing relationships through time. Designed primarily for Parsimony Analysis of Endemicity (PAE) and biotic similarity analyses, this approach simply structures distributional data within a temporal partition, meaning that numerical methods can be used to assess relationships between areas to find a branching diagram. Created through the application of the temporal matrix to a given analysis, Temporal Area Approach (TAAp) is a structural approach that facilitates exploration of the data rather than being a hypothesis-driven model following analysis. Understanding the behaviour of non-phylogenetic palaeobiogeographical data and reducing the prevalence of temporal artefacts will lead to more robust area classifications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Dowding
- Palaeontology, Geobiology and Earth Archives Research Centre (PANGEA), School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Malte C Ebach
- Palaeontology, Geobiology and Earth Archives Research Centre (PANGEA), School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Evgeny V Mavrodiev
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Elías GDV, Aagesen L. Areas of endemism and recent speciation in the Southern Cone of South America, using Senecio (Asteraceae) as a proxy. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blz070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
We set out to identify areas of endemism (AEs) among vascular plants in the Southern Cone of South America, using the genus Senecio (Asteraceae) as proxy. The use of a proxy allows a large-scale study to be carried out in a relatively short time and is suitable for pinpointing areas of interest for further investigation. Senecio is the most obvious choice for a proxy in the Southern Cone, because it is the most diverse genus in the region. We analysed the distribution of 200 endemic species using an optimality criterion (VNDM program). In general, endemism of Senecio in the Southern Cone forms 16 AEs that coincide with previously defined AEs and/or with distribution patterns also supported in phylogeographical studies. As such, Senecio appears to be a suitable proxy in endemicity studies, bearing in mind that these species are of young ages and therefore identify neoendemic AEs. Senecio distribution patterns in the Southern Cone corroborate that high Andean environments are prime sites for endemism, which peaks in the Cuyan High Andean AE, an AE that was not identified in previous endemism studies. Nevertheless, towards the south, the ecotone between the Patagonian Steppe and the Southern Andean forest becomes equally important for speciation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Del Valle Elías
- Instituto de Ambiente de Montaña y Regiones Áridas y Departamento de Cs. Básicas y Tecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de Chilecito, Chilecito, La Rioja, Argentina
| | - Lone Aagesen
- Instituto de Botánica Darwinion (ANCEFN-CONICET), HYD San Isidro, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Szumik C, Pereyra VV, Casagranda MD. Areas of endemism: to overlap or not to overlap, that is the question. Cladistics 2019; 35:198-229. [PMID: 34622975 DOI: 10.1111/cla.12343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The concept of "areas of endemism", and the assumption that these patterns are always a consequence of vicariant events, are reviewed. This assumption is related to the idea that areas of endemism have well-defined limits and never share any surface with other areas of endemism because they must represent sister areas supported by sister taxa. Based on this idea, overlapping areas have been considered rarely, or ignored completely. Using a data set of mammals of North America, we test here whether the overlapping areas are indeed sister areas supported by sister taxa, thus evaluating whether vicariant events are commonly the factor producing areas of endemism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Szumik
- Unidad Ejecutora Lillo, CONICET - Fundación Miguel Lillo, Miguel Lillo 251, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Verónica V Pereyra
- Unidad Ejecutora Lillo, CONICET - Fundación Miguel Lillo, Miguel Lillo 251, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - M Dolores Casagranda
- Unidad Ejecutora Lillo, CONICET - Fundación Miguel Lillo, Miguel Lillo 251, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Santos CMD, Fuhlendorf M. GeX: an automated tool for generating XYD files for analysis of endemicity using VNDM. Cladistics 2019; 35:125-129. [PMID: 34622979 DOI: 10.1111/cla.12236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, a method widely used to delimit areas of endemism is the analysis of endemicity (AE), a non-hierarchical and grid-dependent algorithm implemented through the package NDM/VNDM. Its input files are based on lists of georeferenced taxa, and any mistakes in their preparation will influence the results of the analyses. We describe here a free online automated tool for generating the input files for VNDM from simple spreadsheets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charles Morphy D Santos
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Rua Santa Adélia, 166, Bairro Bangu, Santo André, SP, 09210-170, Brazil
| | - Max Fuhlendorf
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Rua Santa Adélia, 166, Bairro Bangu, Santo André, SP, 09210-170, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
López Juri G, Chiaraviglio M, Cardozo G. Macroevolution of sexual size dimorphism and reproduction-related phenotypic traits in lizards of the Chaco Domain. BMC Evol Biol 2018; 18:186. [PMID: 30526474 PMCID: PMC6286517 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-018-1299-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Comparing sexual size dimorphism (SSD) in the light of the phylogenetic hypothesis may help to understand the phenotypic evolution associated with sexual selection (size of whole body and of reproduction-related body parts). Within a macroevolutionary framework, we evaluated the association between the evolution of SSD and the evolution of reproduction-related phenotypic traits, and whether this association has favored female fecundity, considering also variations according to reproductive modes. We focused on the lizard species that inhabit the Chaco Domain since this is a natural unit with a high diversity of species. RESULTS The residual SSD was related positively with the residuals of the reproduction-related phenotypic traits that estimate intrasexual selection and with the residuals of inter-limb length and, according to fecundity selection, those residuals were related positively with the residuals of clutch size in oviparous species. Lizards of the Chaco Domain present a high diversity of SSD patterns, probably related to the evolution of reproductive strategies. CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight that the sexual selection may have acted on the whole-body size as well as on the size of body parts related to reproduction. Male and female phenotypes evolutionarily respond to variations in SSD, and an understanding of these patterns is essential for elucidating the processes shaping sexual phenotype diversity from a macroevolutionary perspective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guadalupe López Juri
- Laboratorio de Biología del Comportamiento; Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (IDEA), CONICET-UNC and Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, X5000JJC. Av. Vélez Sársfield 299, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Margarita Chiaraviglio
- Laboratorio de Biología del Comportamiento; Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (IDEA), CONICET-UNC and Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, X5000JJC. Av. Vélez Sársfield 299, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Cardozo
- Laboratorio de Biología del Comportamiento; Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (IDEA), CONICET-UNC and Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, X5000JJC. Av. Vélez Sársfield 299, Córdoba, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Mangudo C, Aparicio JP, Rossi GC, Gleiser RM. Tree hole mosquito species composition and relative abundances differ between urban and adjacent forest habitats in northwestern Argentina. BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2018; 108:203-212. [PMID: 28770688 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485317000700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Water-holding tree holes are main larval habitats for many pathogen vectors, especially mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae). Along 3 years, the diversity and composition of mosquito species in tree holes of two neighbouring but completely different environments, a city and its adjacent forest, were compared using generalized linear mixed models, PERMANOVA, SIMPER and species association indexes. The city area (Northwest Argentina) is highly relevant epidemiologically due to the presence of Aedes aegypti L. (main dengue vector) and occurrence of dengue outbreaks; the Yungas rainforests are highly biologically diverse. In total seven mosquito species were recorded, in descending order of abundance: Ae. aegypti, Haemagogus spegazzinii Brèthes, Sabethes purpureus (Theobald), Toxorhynchites guadeloupensis Dyar and Knab, Aedes terrens Walker, Haemagogus leucocelaenus Dyar & Shannon and Sabethes petrocchiae (Shannon and Del Ponte). The seven mosquito species were recorded in both city sites and forested areas; however, their mosquito communities significantly diverged because of marked differences in the frequency and relative abundance of some species: Tx. guadeloupensis and Ae. aegypti were significantly more abundant in forest and urban areas, respectively. Positive significant associations were detected between Ae. aegypti, Hg. spegazzinii and Hg. leucocelaenus. The combined presence of Ae. aegypti, Haemagogus and Sabethes in the area also highlight a potential risk of yellow fever epidemics. Overall results show an impoverished tree hole mosquito fauna in urban environments, reflecting negative effects of urbanization on mosquito diversity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Mangudo
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Energía No Convencional (INENCO, UNSa-CONICET),Universidad Nacional de Salta,Salta,Argentina
| | - J P Aparicio
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Energía No Convencional (INENCO, UNSa-CONICET),Universidad Nacional de Salta,Salta,Argentina
| | - G C Rossi
- CEPAVE-Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores,CCT La Plata,CONICET-UNLP,La Plata,Argentina
| | - R M Gleiser
- Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias,Centro de Relevamiento y Evaluación de Recursos Agrícolas y Naturales-IMBIV (CONICET-UNC),Córdoba,Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Gao C, Chen J, Li Y, Jiang LY, Qiao GX. Congruent patterns between species richness and areas of endemism of the Greenideinae aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) revealed by global-scale data. Zool J Linn Soc 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Gao
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, P.R. China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijingshan District, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yang Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Li-Yun Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Ge-Xia Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, P.R. China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijingshan District, Beijing, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Li Y, Chen J, Jiang L, Qiao G. Islands conserve high species richness and areas of endemism of Hormaphidinae aphids. Curr Zool 2017; 63:623-632. [PMID: 29492023 PMCID: PMC5804216 DOI: 10.1093/cz/zox004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Patterns of biodiversity and endemism are important and form the foundation for biogeography and conservation studies. Hormaphidinae is an aphid group mainly distributed in the Sino-Japanese, Oriental, and Nearctic zoogeographic realms. To infer the areas of endemism of Hormaphidinae aphids in the Sino-Japanese and Oriental realms, we employed a geographical distribution dataset covering all 225 species in subfamily Hormaphidinae. In total, 1,245 distribution occurrence records for all species were analyzed in addition to the number of species in a certain grid cell to calculate species richness. Two methods (parsimony analysis of endemicity (PAE) and the use of an optimization criterion-NDM/VNDM) using a total of 6 grid sizes were applied to detect possible areas of endemism and to assess the probable effects of the 2 different methods and 6 grid sizes on the results of the patterns of the areas of endemism. The results revealed that islands presented most of the areas with high species richness and endemic species, particularly Japan, Taiwan Island, Java Island, the Malaysian Peninsula, southeast Himalaya, and the Hengduan Mountains. Most of these areas of endemism were located on islands or a peninsula. Islands were therefore shown to play an essential role in facilitating the formation of high species richness and endemism. Different grid sizes directly determined the regions of the areas of endemism, with small grid sizes tending to detect small and discrete areas of endemism and large grid sizes identifying continuous areas of endemism. In terms of the two methods, NDM/VNDM was found to identify more areas of endemism than PAE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Liyun Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Gexia Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Weirauch C, Seltmann KC, Schuh RT, Schwartz MD, Johnson C, Feist MA, Soltis PS. Areas of endemism in the Nearctic: a case study of 1339 species of Miridae (Insecta: Hemiptera) and their plant hosts. Cladistics 2017; 33:279-294. [PMID: 34715729 DOI: 10.1111/cla.12169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Areas of endemism are essential first hypotheses in investigating historical biogeography, but there is a surprising paucity of such hypotheses for the Nearctic region. Miridae, the plant bugs, are an excellent taxon to study in this context, because this group combines high species diversity, often small distribution ranges, a history of modern taxonomic revisions, and comprehensive electronic data capture and data cleaning that have resulted in an exceptionally error-free geospatial data set. Many Miridae are phytophagous and feed on only one or a small number of host plant species. The programs ndm/vndm are here used on plant bug and plant data sets to address two main objectives: (i) identify areas of endemism for plant bugs based on parameters used in a recent study that focused on Nearctic mammals; and (ii) discuss hypotheses on areas of endemism based on plant bug distributions in the context of areas identified by their host plant species. Given the narrow distribution ranges of many species of Miridae, the analytical results allow for tests of the prediction that areas of endemism for Miridae are smaller and more numerous, especially in the Western Nearctic, than are those of their host plants. Analyses of the default plant bug data set resulted in 45 areas of endemism, 35 of them north of Mexico and many located in the Western Nearctic; areas in the Nearctic are more numerous and smaller than those identified by mammals. The host plant data set resulted in ten areas of endemism, and even though the size range of areas is similar between the Miridae and plant data sets, the average area size is smaller in the Miridae data set. These results allow for the conclusion that the Miridae indeed present a valuable model system to investigate areas of endemism in the Nearctic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Weirauch
- Department of Entomology, University of California Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Katja C Seltmann
- Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, NY, 10024, USA.,Santa Barbara, Cheadle Center for Biodiversity & Ecological Restoration, University of California, Harder South Building 578, MS-9615, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Randall T Schuh
- Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, NY, 10024, USA
| | - Michael D Schwartz
- Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, NY, 10024, USA
| | - Christine Johnson
- Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, NY, 10024, USA
| | - Mary Ann Feist
- Wisconsin State Herbarium, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Birge Hall, 430 Lincoln Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Pamela S Soltis
- Laboratory of Molecular Systematics & Evolutionary Genetics, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, 3215 Hull Road, Gainesville, FL, 93106, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Morales-Guerrero A, Miranda TP, Marques AC. Comparison between Parsimony Analysis of Endemicity (PAE), Endemicity Analysis (EA), and an alternative coding of Three-Distribution Statements based on hypothetical distributions. SYST BIODIVERS 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/14772000.2016.1257519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Thaís P. Miranda
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio C. Marques
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Center for Marine Biology, University of São Paulo, São Sebastião, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Nori J, Torres R, Lescano JN, Cordier JM, Periago ME, Baldo D. Protected areas and spatial conservation priorities for endemic vertebrates of the Gran Chaco, one of the most threatened ecoregions of the world. DIVERS DISTRIB 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Nori
- Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (IDEA-CONICET); Centro de Zoología Aplicada; Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Rondeau 798 Córdoba Argentina
| | - Ricardo Torres
- Museo de Zoología; Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Av. Vélez Sarsfield 299 Córdoba Argentina
| | - Julián N. Lescano
- Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (IDEA-CONICET); Centro de Zoología Aplicada; Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Rondeau 798 Córdoba Argentina
| | - Javier M. Cordier
- Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (IDEA-CONICET); Centro de Zoología Aplicada; Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Rondeau 798 Córdoba Argentina
| | | | - Diego Baldo
- Laboratorio de Genética Evolutiva; Instituto de Biología Subtropical (CONICET-UNaM); Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Químicas y Naturales; Universidad Nacional de Misiones; Posadas Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Cophylogenetic analysis of New World ground-doves (Aves: Columbidae) and their parasitic wing lice (Insecta: Phthiraptera: Columbicola). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2016; 103:122-132. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2016.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
27
|
Hurdu BI, Escalante T, Pușcaș M, Novikoff A, Bartha L, Zimmermann NE. Exploring the different facets of plant endemism in the South-Eastern Carpathians: a manifold approach for the determination of biotic elements, centres and areas of endemism. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/bij.12902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan-Iuliu Hurdu
- Institute of Biological Research; National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences; 48 Republicii Street 400015 Cluj-Napoca Romania
| | - Tania Escalante
- Grupo de Biogeografía de la Conservación; Departamento de Biología Evolutiva; Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n; Ciudad Universitaria; Coyoacán 04510 Mexico City Mexico
| | - Mihai Pușcaș
- A. Borza Botanical Garden; Babeș-Bolyai University; 42 Republicii Street 400015 Cluj-Napoca Romania
| | - Andrew Novikoff
- State Natural History Museum; National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine; 18 Teatralna Street 79008 Lviv Ukraine
| | - László Bartha
- Molecular Biology Center; Institute for Interdisciplinary Research in Bio-Nano Sciences; Babeș-Bolyai University; 42 August Treboniu Laurean Street 400271 Cluj-Napoca Romania
- Hungarian Department of Biology and Ecology; Faculty of Biology and Geology; Babeș-Bolyai University; 5-7 Clinicilor Street 400006 Cluj-Napoca Romania
| | - Niklaus E. Zimmermann
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL; Landscape Dynamics; CH-8903 Birmensdorf Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Chen Y. Does the diversification rate of endemic birds of mainland China follow abrupt, gradual shifting or constant patterns? Integr Zool 2016; 12:165-171. [PMID: 27135435 DOI: 10.1111/1749-4877.12205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this brief report, time-varying (including both gradual and abrupt change) and time-constant diversification models are fitted on a phylogeny of endemic birds of mainland China to test the diversification patterns of endemic birds in the region. The results show that phylogeny of endemic birds is best quantified by a constant-rate diversification model through model comparison. Limitations of the study are discussed. In particular, ignorance of non-endemic taxa and the limited sampling of endemic taxa could influence the conclusions of the study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Youhua Chen
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Sandoval ML, Escalante T, Barquez R. Small mammal distributional patterns in Northwestern Argentina. IHERINGIA. SERIE ZOOLOGIA 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-476620151054505522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Quantitative evaluations of species distributional congruence allow evaluating previously proposed biogeographic regionalization and even identify undetected areas of endemism. The geographic scenery of Northwestern Argentina offers ideal conditions for the study of distributional patterns of species since the boundaries of a diverse group of biomes converge in a relatively small region, which also includes a diverse fauna of mammals. In this paper we applied a grid-based explicit method in order to recognize Patterns of Distributional Congruence (PDCs) and Areas of Endemism (AEs), and the species (native but non-endemic and endemic, respectively) that determine them. Also, we relate these distributional patterns to traditional biogeographic divisions of the study region and with a very recent phytogeographic study and we reconsider what previously rejected as 'spurious' areas. Finally, we assessed the generality of the patterns found. The analysis resulted in 165 consensus areas, characterized by seven species of marsupials, 28 species of bats, and 63 species of rodents, which represents a large percentage of the total species (10, 41, and 73, respectively). Twenty-five percent of the species that characterize consensus areas are endemic to the study region and define six AEs in strict sense while 12 PDCs are mainly defined by widely distributed species. While detailed quantitative analyses of plant species distribution data made by other authors does not result in units that correspond to Cabrera's phytogeographic divisions at this spatial scale, analyses of animal species distribution data does. We were able to identify previously unknown meaningful faunal patterns and more accurately define those already identified. We identify PDCs and AEs that conform Eastern Andean Slopes Patterns, Western High Andes Patterns, and Merged Eastern and Western Andean Slopes Patterns, some of which are re-interpreted at the light of known patterns of the endemic vascular flora. Endemism do not declines towards the south, but do declines towards the west of the study region. Peaks of endemism are found in the eastern Andean slopes in Jujuy and Tucumán/Catamarca, and in the western Andean biomes in Tucumán/Catamarca. The principal habitat types for endemic small mammal species are the eastern humid Andean slopes. Notwithstanding, arid/semi-arid biomes and humid landscapes are represented by the same number of AEs. Rodent species define 15 of the 18 General Patterns, and only in one they have no participation at all. Clearly, at this spatial scale, non-flying mammals, particularly rodents, are biogeographically more valuable species than flying mammals (bat species).
Collapse
|
30
|
Szumik CA, Goloboff PA. Higher taxa and the identification of areas of endemism. Cladistics 2015; 31:568-572. [PMID: 34753267 DOI: 10.1111/cla.12112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantitative analyses of areas of endemism have rarely considered higher taxa. This paper discusses aspects related to the use of higher taxa in the analysis of areas of endemism, and computer implementations. An example of the application of the method is provided, with a data set for Nearctic mammals, showing that some of the areas recognized by species-level taxa also adjust well to the distribution of other taxa of higher level (genera, monophyletic groups).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia A Szumik
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Unidad Ejecutora Lillo, Miguel Lillo 251, S.M. de Tucumán, 4000, Argentina
| | - Pablo A Goloboff
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Unidad Ejecutora Lillo, Miguel Lillo 251, S.M. de Tucumán, 4000, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Ashton LA, Odell EH, Burwell CJ, Maunsell SC, Nakamura A, McDonald WJF, Kitching RL. Altitudinal patterns of moth diversity in tropical and subtropical Australian rainforests. AUSTRAL ECOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.12309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. A. Ashton
- Environmental Futures Research Institute and Griffith School of Environment; Griffith University; Nathan Queensland 4111 Australia
- Life Sciences Department; Natural History Museum; London UK
| | - E. H. Odell
- Environmental Futures Research Institute and Griffith School of Environment; Griffith University; Nathan Queensland 4111 Australia
| | - C. J. Burwell
- Natural Environments Program; Queensland Museum; South Brisbane Australia
| | - S. C. Maunsell
- Environmental Futures Research Institute and Griffith School of Environment; Griffith University; Nathan Queensland 4111 Australia
| | - A. Nakamura
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology; Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Yunnan China
| | - W. J. F. McDonald
- Department of Environment and Resource Management; Queensland Herbarium; Biodiversity and Ecosystem Sciences; Toowong Australia
| | - R. L. Kitching
- Environmental Futures Research Institute and Griffith School of Environment; Griffith University; Nathan Queensland 4111 Australia
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Mendoza-Fernández AJ, Pérez-García FJ, Martínez-Hernández F, Salmerón-Sánchez E, Medina-Cazorla JM, Garrido-Becerra JA, Martínez-Nieto MI, Merlo ME, Mota JF. Areas of endemism and threatened flora in a Mediterranean hotspot: Southern Spain. J Nat Conserv 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnc.2014.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
33
|
González-Vaquero R, Gravel AI, Devoto M. Information retrieved from specimens at Natural History Collections can improve the quality of field-based ecological networks. COMMUNITY ECOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1556/comec.15.2014.2.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
34
|
Sandoval ML, Ferro I. Biogeographical analysis of rodent endemism and distributional congruence in the southern-central Andes (north-western Argentina). Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/bij.12233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- María Leonor Sandoval
- PIDBA (Programa de Investigaciones de Biodiversidad Argentina); Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo; Miguel Lillo 205 San Miguel de Tucumán CP 4000 Tucumán Argentina
| | - Ignacio Ferro
- Departamento de Biología Evolutiva; Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Apartado Postal 70-399 04510 México Distrito Federal México
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Rodent endemism, turnover and biogeographical transitions on elevation gradients in the northwestern Argentinian Andes. Mamm Biol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mambio.2013.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
36
|
Jameson ML, Ocampo F. Synopsis of the Argentinian scarab genus Pseudogeniates Ohaus (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Rutelinae). Zookeys 2012; 241:33-53. [PMID: 23372412 PMCID: PMC3559108 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.241.3802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2012] [Accepted: 10/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The scarab beetle genus Pseudogeniates Ohaus (Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae: Rutelini) is endemic to Argentina. The genus includes three species: Pseudogeniates cordobaensis Soula, Pseudogeniates intermedius Ohaus, and Pseudogeniates richterianus Ohaus. We characterize the genus, provide a key to species, redescribe and diagnose each species, provide spatial and temporal distributions, and discuss distributions of the species in relation to eco-regions and areas of endemism in Argentina.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Federico Ocampo
- Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de Zonas Áridas - Instituto de Ciencias Básicas, CCT-CONICET Mendoza, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|