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Calzado-Dacasin C, Foronda JL, Arguelles VL, Daga CM, Quimpo MT, Lupisan S, Dapat C, Saito M, Okamoto M, Albano PM, Oshitani H. Serotype Identification of Human Adenoviruses Associated with Influenza-Like Illnesses in the Philippines from 2006-2012 by Microneutralization and Molecular Techniques. Int J Infect Dis 2022; 117:326-333. [PMID: 35150916 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2022.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Human adenoviruses (HAdV) are known to cause a wide range of diseases including acute respiratory infections, conjunctivitis, and acute gastroenteritis. In this study, we aimed to determine the serotypes of HAdV in patients with influenza-like illness (ILI) in the Philippines from 2006-2012 and to describe the demographic and epidemiological characteristics of patients who tested positive for HAdV. METHODS Between 2006 and 2012, the Philippine National Influenza Centre detected HAdV in 1294 samples of patients with ILI. Serotype determination was done in select samples using microneutralization, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and sequencing methods. RESULTS A total of 8 serotypes were identified (HAdV 1-7 and 11), with HAdV-2 (27.8%), and HAdV-3 (27.8%) being the most prevalent. The majority of HAdV infections were found in children below 5 years of age (79.9%). CONCLUSIONS The identification of HAdV circulating serotypes may serve as guide for designing disease intervention and control strategies and will provide important information regarding the contribution of this virus to respiratory infections, particularly in children, which remain a public health burden in the Philippines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Calzado-Dacasin
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Muntinlupa, Philippines; Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines.
| | - Janiza Lianne Foronda
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Muntinlupa, Philippines
| | - Vina Lea Arguelles
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Muntinlupa, Philippines
| | - Chona Mae Daga
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Muntinlupa, Philippines
| | - Marie Therese Quimpo
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Muntinlupa, Philippines
| | - Socorro Lupisan
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Muntinlupa, Philippines
| | - Clyde Dapat
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Mariko Saito
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; RITM-Tohoku Collaborating Research Center on Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Muntinlupa, Philippines
| | - Michiko Okamoto
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; RITM-Tohoku Collaborating Research Center on Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Muntinlupa, Philippines
| | - Pia Marie Albano
- Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines; Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
| | - Hitoshi Oshitani
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; RITM-Tohoku Collaborating Research Center on Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Muntinlupa, Philippines
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Lakshmi Narayan PK, Kajon AE. Human mastadenovirus-B (HAdV-B)-specific E3-CR1β and E3-CR1γ glycoproteins interact with each other and localize at the plasma membrane of non-polarized airway epithelial cells. Virology 2020; 546:67-78. [PMID: 32452418 PMCID: PMC7158847 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2020.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The E3 region of all simian and human types classified within species Human mastadenovirus B (HAdV-B) encodes two unique highly conserved ORFs of unknown function designated E3-CR1β and E3-CR1γ. We generated a HAdV-3 mutant encoding small epitope tags at the N-termini of both E3-CR1β and E3-CR1γ (HAdV-3 N-tag wt) and a double knock out (HAdV-3 N-tag DKO) mutant virus that does not express either protein. Our studies show that HAdV-3 E3-CR1β and E3-CR1γ are type I transmembrane proteins that are produced predominantly at late times post infection, are glycosylated, co-localize at the plasma membrane of non-polarized epithelial cells, and interact with each other. At their extreme C-termini HAdV-B E3-CR1β and E3-CR1γ possess a conserved di-leucine motif followed by a class II PDZ domain binding motif (PBM). HAdV-3 E3-CR1β and E3-CR1γ are dispensable for virus growth, progeny release, spread, and plaque formation in A549 cells. HAdV-B E3-CR1β and E3-CR1γ are type I transmembrane proteins. HAdV-B E3-CR1β and E3-CR1γ possess a C-terminal class II PDZ binding motif. HAdV-3 E3-CR1β and E3-CR1γ interact and co-localize at the plasma membrane. HAdV-3 E3-CR1β and E3-CR1γ are dispensable for virus progeny release and spread.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adriana E Kajon
- Infectious Disease Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
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3
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Tsukahara-Kawamura T, Hanaoka N, Konagaya M, Uchio E, Fujimoto T. Characteristic of slow growth in cell culture of adenovirus type 54 causing nationwide outbreak epidemic keratoconjunctivitis in Japan. Jpn J Ophthalmol 2020; 64:312-320. [PMID: 32125553 DOI: 10.1007/s10384-020-00727-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To characterize the virological features of adenovirus type 54 (Ad54) causing nationwide outbreak of severe epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (EKC) in Japan, we comparatively analysed the viral propagation phenotype of Ad54 and other Ads: type 37 (Ad37), 64 (Ad64), and 5 (Ad5), in A549 cells quantitatively. STUDY DESIGN Laboratory investigation. METHODS We compared the growth rate of Ads using copy numbers and cytopathic effect observation during propagation in A549 cell lines. Expressions of mRNA of E1 gene were also calculated and compared. Phylogenetic analysis of the region, including putative promoter of E1 gene and E1 open reading frame (ORF), were performed. RESULTS Increases in viral loads, growth rate, and viral propagation were slower for Ad54 than for other Ads. The expression level of the E1 gene per infected cell was lower for Ad54 than for other Ad types on post-infection day 1. Phylogenetic analysis of the E1 gene putative promoter and ORF revealed Ad54 was the closest to Ad type 8. CONCLUSION The propagation of Ad54 in A549 is slow compared with Ad37, Ad64 and Ad5. This slow propagation could have been caused by slow genomic replication resulting from delayed viral entry or E1 transcription initiation. The EKC caused by Ad54 needs more attention because the slow propagation of Ad54 may contribute to prolonged disease duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Tsukahara-Kawamura
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan.,Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan
| | - Nozomu Hanaoka
- Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan
| | - Masami Konagaya
- Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan
| | - Eiichi Uchio
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan.
| | - Tsuguto Fujimoto
- Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan
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4
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Li J, Lu X, Jiang B, Du Y, Yang Y, Qian H, Liu B, Lin C, Jia L, Chen L, Wang Q. Adenovirus-associated acute conjunctivitis in Beijing, China, 2011-2013. BMC Infect Dis 2018; 18:135. [PMID: 29558885 PMCID: PMC5859447 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-018-3014-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human adenovirus (HAdV)-associated acute conjunctivitis is a common infectious disease and causes significant morbidity among residents in Beijing, China. However, little is known about the epidemiology and type distribution of acute adenoviral conjunctivitis in Beijing. METHODS Acute conjunctivitis surveillance was conducted in 18 hospitals in Beijing from July through October during 2011-2013. HAdVs were detected by PCR from eye swab and types were determined by partial hexon and fiber gene sequencing. Risk factors associated with adenoviral conjunctivitis were analyzed. RESULTS Of 876 conjunctivitis cases, 349 (39.8%) were HAdV positive. HAdV detection was most common in conjunctivitis patients aged 18-40 years; patients with contact history with a conjunctivitis case; patients with specimen collected on days 4-6 post symptom onset and patients who worked in food service as catering attendants. Fifteen types were identified among adenoviral conjunctivitis cases. Five HAdV types (HAdV-4, - 37, - 53, - 64 and - 8) accounted for 81.1% of all adenoviral conjunctivitis cases. HAdV-37, - 4 and - 53 were the most common types associated with adenoviral conjunctivitis in 2011, 2012 and 2013, respectively. CONCLUSION Multiple HAdV types were associated with acute conjunctivitis in Beijing. Predominant types associated with adenoviral conjunctivitis circulating in Beijing varied from year to year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, No.16, Hepingli Middle Road, Beijing, 100013, People's Republic of China.,Research Centre for Preventive Medicine of Beijing, No.16, Hepingli Middle Road, Beijing, 100013, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Lu
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Baoming Jiang
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Yiwei Du
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, No.16, Hepingli Middle Road, Beijing, 100013, People's Republic of China.,Research Centre for Preventive Medicine of Beijing, No.16, Hepingli Middle Road, Beijing, 100013, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Yang
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, No.16, Hepingli Middle Road, Beijing, 100013, People's Republic of China.,Research Centre for Preventive Medicine of Beijing, No.16, Hepingli Middle Road, Beijing, 100013, People's Republic of China
| | - Haikun Qian
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, No.16, Hepingli Middle Road, Beijing, 100013, People's Republic of China.,Research Centre for Preventive Medicine of Beijing, No.16, Hepingli Middle Road, Beijing, 100013, People's Republic of China
| | - Baiwei Liu
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, No.16, Hepingli Middle Road, Beijing, 100013, People's Republic of China.,Research Centre for Preventive Medicine of Beijing, No.16, Hepingli Middle Road, Beijing, 100013, People's Republic of China
| | - Changying Lin
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, No.16, Hepingli Middle Road, Beijing, 100013, People's Republic of China.,Research Centre for Preventive Medicine of Beijing, No.16, Hepingli Middle Road, Beijing, 100013, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Jia
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, No.16, Hepingli Middle Road, Beijing, 100013, People's Republic of China.,Research Centre for Preventive Medicine of Beijing, No.16, Hepingli Middle Road, Beijing, 100013, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijuan Chen
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, No.16, Hepingli Middle Road, Beijing, 100013, People's Republic of China. .,Research Centre for Preventive Medicine of Beijing, No.16, Hepingli Middle Road, Beijing, 100013, People's Republic of China.
| | - Quanyi Wang
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, No.16, Hepingli Middle Road, Beijing, 100013, People's Republic of China. .,Research Centre for Preventive Medicine of Beijing, No.16, Hepingli Middle Road, Beijing, 100013, People's Republic of China.
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5
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Yağci R, Akçali A, YağCi S, Konno T, Ishiko H, Duman S, Özkaya E. Molecular Identification of Adenoviral Conjunctivitis in Turkey. Eur J Ophthalmol 2018; 20:669-74. [DOI: 10.1177/112067211002000404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose. The aim of the study was isolation of adenoviruses by cell culture and identification using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and phylogenetic analyses in patients clinically diagnosed with viral conjunctivitis in Ankara, Turkey. Methods. Conjunctival swabs from 34 patients with acute conjunctivitis were tested using cell culture isolation and PCR for adenovirus detection. PCR-positive samples were sequenced and typed. Results. The positive results of adenovirus were 26.5% (9 of 34) by the PCR method and 20.6% by culture isolation. Nine samples positive at PCR were identified by phylogenetic analyses as human adenovirus 8 (HAdV-8) (4 of 9), HAdV-3 (3 of 9), HAdV-4 (1 of 9), and HAdV-B (1 of 9). Conclusions. Our study showed types of adenoviruses in patients with ocular infection that occurred in this region of Turkey for the first time. Furthermore, sequence-based typing method is an efficient, accurate, and rapid means of diagnosis and typing of the adenovirus and has significant clinical and epidemiologic implications. HAdV-8 was major type for acute conjunctivitis in Ankara, Turkey. Further studies are required to reveal the major types of HAdVs that cause ocular diseases in this region of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramazan Yağci
- Fatih University, Medical School, Department of Ophthalmology, Ankara
| | - Alper Akçali
- Canakkale 18 Mart University, Medical School, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Canakkale
| | - Server YağCi
- Ankara Kecioren Training and Research Hospital, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Ankara - Turkey
| | - Tsunetada Konno
- Host Defence Laboratory, Mitsubishi Chemical Medience Corporation, Tokyo - Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ishiko
- Host Defence Laboratory, Mitsubishi Chemical Medience Corporation, Tokyo - Japan
| | - Sunay Duman
- Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Department of Ophthalmology, Ankara
| | - Etem Özkaya
- Refik Saydam Hygiene Center, Virology Laboratory, Ankara - Turkey
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6
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Kajon AE, de Jong JC, Dickson LM, Arron G, Murtagh P, Viale D, Carballal G, Echavarria M. Molecular and serological characterization of species B2 adenovirus strains isolated from children hospitalized with acute respiratory disease in Buenos Aires, Argentina. J Clin Virol 2013; 58:4-10. [PMID: 23886503 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2013.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Revised: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Between September 2000 and November 2005, approximately 10% of the retrospectively examined human adenovirus (HAdV)-positive pediatric cases of acute respiratory disease (ARD) requiring hospitalization at the Hospital Nacional de Pediatria Juan P. Garrahan in Buenos Aires, Argentina, were found to have a HAdV-B2 infection. OBJECTIVE To characterize genetically and antigenically the HAdV-B2 virus isolates. STUDY DESIGN Restriction enzyme analysis (REA), hexon and fiber gene sequencing and virus neutralization assays (VN) were carried out on 8 HAdV-B2 respiratory virus isolates. RESULTS REA showed that the 8 examined HAdV-B2 virus isolates were HAdV11, belonging to two genomic variants: HAdV11a and a BclI variant of HAdV11c which we designated 11c4. Molecular analysis of the hexon genes showed that both REA variants had a HAdV11-like hexon gene. Confirming previous reports, the 7 HAdV11a virus isolates were found to have HAdV14-like fiber genes and therefore are HAdV H11/F14. The fiber gene of the HAdV11c4 virus isolates most closely resembled that of various strains of HAdV7. In VN assays, the 4 tested HAdV11a strains were serotyped as HAdV11-14. The HAdV11c4 strain was serotyped as HAdV11 but also showed a weak but significant reactivity with antiserum to HAdV7. Compared with the other HAdV-positive cases in our study, infection with HAdV11 caused a similarly severe disease. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide evidence to the long term world-wide circulation of HAdV H11/F14 as a causative agent of ARD. Combined, our molecular and serology data support the rationale to base the molecular typing and designation of recombinant viruses on the sequences of the hexon and fiber genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana E Kajon
- Infectious Disease Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, 2425 Ridgecrest Drive SE, Albuquerque, NM 87108, USA.
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7
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Tang L, An J, Xie Z, Dehghan S, Seto D, Xu W, Ji Y. Genome and bioinformatic analysis of a HAdV-B14p1 virus isolated from a baby with pneumonia in Beijing, China. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60345. [PMID: 23555956 PMCID: PMC3612040 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The genome of HAdV-B14p1 strain BJ430, isolated from a six-month-old baby diagnosed with bronchial pneumonia at the Beijing Children’s Hospital in December 2010, was sequenced, analyzed, and compared with reference adenovirus genome sequences archived in GenBank. This genome is 34,762 bp in length, remarkably presenting 99.9% identity with the genome from HAdV14p1 strain 303600, which was isolated in the USA (2006). Even more remarkable, it is 99.7% identical with the HAdV-B14p (prototype “de Wit” strain) genome, isolated from The Netherlands in 1955. The patient and its parents presumably had no or limited contact with persons from the USA and Ireland, both of which reported outbreaks of the re-emergent virus HAdV-14p1 recently. These genome data, its analysis, and this report provide a reference for any additional HAdV-B14 outbreak in China and provide the basis for the development of adenovirus vaccines and molecular pathogen surveillance protocols in high-risk areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuying Tang
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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8
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Adhikary AK, Ushijima H, Fujimoto T. Human adenovirus type 8 genome typing. J Med Microbiol 2012; 61:1491-1503. [DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.044172-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A. K. Adhikary
- Department of Microbiology, BGC Trust Medical College, Chandanaish, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Hiroshi Ushijima
- Department of Developmental Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi-Kamicho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Tsuguto Fujimoto
- Infectious Diseases Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
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9
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Outbreak of febrile respiratory illness associated with adenovirus 11a infection in a Singapore military training cAMP. J Clin Microbiol 2010; 48:1438-41. [PMID: 20129957 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01928-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Outbreak cases of acute respiratory disease (ARD) associated with subspecies B2 human adenovirus 11a (HAdV-11a) infection were detected during 2005 in a military basic training camp in Singapore. The Singapore HAdV-11a strain is highly similar to other Asian strains of HAdV-11, including strain QS-DLL, which is responsible for the recently described 2006 outbreak of ARD in China.
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10
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Romanowski EG, Bartels SP, Vogel R, Wetherall NT, Hodges-Savola C, Kowalski RP, Yates KA, Kinchington PR, Gordon YJ. Feasibility of an antiviral clinical trial requiring cross-country shipment of conjunctival adenovirus cultures and recovery of infectious virus. Curr Eye Res 2009; 29:195-9. [PMID: 15512967 DOI: 10.1080/02713680490504830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Accurate and timely laboratory diagnosis of adenovirus from conjunctival cultures is essential to ensure appropriate enrollment, and detection of residual infectious virus is essential to evaluate antiviral efficacy in any multicenter national clinical trial. As part of a feasibility study, we investigated those variables that might affect the successful recovery of infectious adenovirus from patient conjunctival cultures after cross-country shipment. MATERIALS AND METHODS Simulated adenovirus conjunctival cultures were prepared in viral transport media to evaluate the effect of four variables (adenovirus serotype, initial concentration, initial storage temperature [-20 degrees C, 0 degrees C, 20 degrees C], and preshipment storage times [1-5 days]) on the recovery of infectious adenovirus by a central laboratory in St. Paul, MN, following air shipment from Pittsburgh, PA. Upon arrival, the internal temperatures of the containers were recorded, and the samples were cultured on A549 cells using standard tube and/or shell vial culture. RESULTS Overall, adenovirus was recovered in 352/354 (99.4%) of the samples when the initial titer was greater than 1.0 PFU/ml. Adenovirus serotype, initial storage temperature, and preshipment storage times had no adverse effect on virus recovery. CONCLUSIONS Simulated conjunctival samples could successfully be shipped cross-country at ambient temperatures to a commercial laboratory for adenovirus isolation by culture. Having demonstrated feasibility, a clinical trial was subsequently carried out that confirmed the ease of shipment and recovery of infectious adenovirus from conjunctival cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric G Romanowski
- Charles T. Campbell Ophthalmic Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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11
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Ariga T, Shimada Y, Shiratori K, Ohgami K, Yamazaki S, Tagawa Y, Kikuchi M, Miyakita Y, Fujita K, Ishiko H, Aoki K, Ohno S. Five new genome types of adenovirus type 37 caused epidemic keratoconjunctivitis in Sapporo, Japan, for more than 10 years. J Clin Microbiol 2005; 43:726-32. [PMID: 15695671 PMCID: PMC548033 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.43.2.726-732.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Human adenovirus type 37 (HAdV-37) is a major cause of epidemic keratoconjunctivitis and has recently been the largest causative agent of keratoconjunctivitis in Japan. To investigate the genetic characteristics of HAdV-37 strains isolated in Sapporo, we analyzed the genome types and genetic relationships of 51 strains isolated there from 1990 through 2001. By using DNA restriction analysis, eight genome types (HAdV-37/D1, HAdV-37/D3, and HAdV-37/D6 to HAdV-37/D11) were identified, including five new ones. The restriction fragments of these genome types shared more than 95% identity with those of the prototype strain. By DNA sequence analysis, five and three single nucleotide substitutions, respectively, were found in partial sequences of the hexon and fiber genes. The combinations of mutations resulted in four hexon and fiber types (hx1 to hx4 and f1 to f4) and six hexon/fiber pairs (hx1/f1, hx2/f1, hx1/f2, hx1/f3, hx3/f4, and hx4/f4). The six pairs correlated well with certain genome types. In all three epidemics of keratoconjunctivitis to strike Sapporo in the past 12 years, specific genome types and fiber types were usually isolated: in the first epidemic, HAdV-37/D1 (f1) and HAdV-37/D3 (f1); in the second, HAdV-37/D6 (f2) and HAdV-37/D8 (f3); and in the third, HAdV-37/D10 (f4) and HAdV-37/D11 (f4). We conclude that mutations in the adenovirus genome occurred chronologically and that certain mutations were correlated with the epidemics of adenoviral keratoconjunctivitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihide Ariga
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, North 15, West 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan.
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12
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Ariga T, Shimada Y, Ohgami K, Tagawa Y, Ishiko H, Aoki K, Ohno S. New genome type of adenovirus serotype 4 caused nosocomial infections associated with epidemic conjunctivitis in Japan. J Clin Microbiol 2004; 42:3644-8. [PMID: 15297510 PMCID: PMC497636 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.42.8.3644-3648.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Human adenovirus type 4 is one of the major serotypes isolated from patients with adenoviral conjunctivitis. In 2001 we encountered nosocomial infections with epidemic conjunctivitis in the ophthalmology ward of one hospital in Sapporo, which is in the northern part of Japan. Adenoviruses were isolated from the patients with this nosocomial infection and identified as adenovirus type 4 (AdV-4) by a neutralization test with serotype-specific antiserum. When the cleavage patterns of the isolates were compared with the full viral genome with BamHI and SmaI, the cleavage patterns of the isolates were shown to be different from those of AdV-4p and other previously known AdV-4 variants. The nucleotide sequences of the fiber gene of the isolates showed the highest homologies (94.3%) with AdV-4 among the nucleotide sequences available from GenBank and formed a monophyletic cluster along with the prototype strain of AdV-4. The isolates, however, were located in a different lineage from those of AdV-4p and the AdV-4 variant from the sporadic infections. We conclude that the nosocomial infection that appeared in 2001 was caused by a new genome type of AdV-4, which was designated AdV-4c.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihide Ariga
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Diseases, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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13
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Shimada Y, Ariga T, Tagawa Y, Aoki K, Ohno S, Ishiko H. Molecular diagnosis of human adenoviruses d and e by a phylogeny-based classification method using a partial hexon sequence. J Clin Microbiol 2004; 42:1577-84. [PMID: 15071007 PMCID: PMC387551 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.42.4.1577-1584.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2003] [Revised: 09/10/2003] [Accepted: 12/14/2003] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) are the major causes of a variety of acute illnesses. Virus isolation and neutralization tests are usually done to identify the causative virus, but these tests are labor-intensive and time-consuming, and standardized antisera are in limited supply. This study investigated a rapid and reliable method of virus identification based on PCR and phylogenetic analysis. The phylogenetic tree constructed by neighbor joining on the basis of the newly determined partial hexon sequences from 33 prototypes of HAdV-D and -E, along with 11 available prototypes of HAdV-A to -C and -F from GenBank, allowed HAdVs to be grouped into six distinct clusters. These clusters correspond closely to the six newly designated species, HAdV-A to -F. The partial hexon sequences of 57 isolates from patients with acute conjunctivitis obtained over 20 years plus those of 44 prototype strains were analyzed. Each isolate formed a monophyletic cluster along with its respective prototype strain, allowing serotype identification. Partial-hexon-based classification appears to be an effective tool for studying the molecular epidemiology of HAdVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Shimada
- Research and Development Department, Mitsubishi Kagaku Bio-Clinical Laboratories, Inc., Shimura 3-30-1, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 174-8555, Japan
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14
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Chang CH, Lin KH, Sheu MM, Huang WL, Wang HZ, Chen CW. The change of etiological agents and clinical signs of epidemic viral conjunctivitis over an 18-year period in southern Taiwan. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2003; 241:554-560. [PMID: 12768288 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-003-0680-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2002] [Revised: 03/18/2003] [Accepted: 03/26/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemic viral conjunctivitis is a highly contagious eye disease that occurs worldwide and is caused mainly by adenoviruses and enteroviruses. An 18-year analysis of the changes of pathogens and clinical signs in a subtropical and densely populated island presents certain special features. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed the clinical information and laboratory records of the conjunctivitis patients with positive conjunctival swabs from 1980 to 1997. RESULTS The positive rate of laboratory diagnosis of epidemic conjunctivitis was 50.0% (1,233/2,467). From 1980 to 1994, the predominant causative agent of adenoviral keratoconjunctivitis was adenovirus type 8 (Ad8), with six genotypes being evolved. Three of the new Ad8 genotypes each caused a new epidemic. After 1995 the predominant adenoviral pathogens shifted to Ad37 and Ad19, and no more Ad8 was isolated. Enterovirus type 70 (EV70) was isolated from four outbreaks of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC) from 1980 to 1984, but rarely in later years. Coxsackievirus A type 24 variant (CA24v), which first appeared in 1985, appeared later as the causes of four major epidemics of AHC from 1985 to 1994. The overall clinical symptoms of viral conjunctivitis were more severe in the 1990s than in the 1980s. CONCLUSION In southern Taiwan, outbreaks of adenoviral keratoconjunctivitis caused by new genomic variants could be associated with the long-term endemic co-circulation of Ad8, Ad19, and Ad37, while epidemics of CA24v AHC were caused mainly by introduction of new viral strains from neighboring countries. The aggravation of host symptoms in the 1990s needs further investigation and close follow-up.
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MESH Headings
- Adenovirus Infections, Human
- Conjunctivitis, Acute Hemorrhagic/complications
- Conjunctivitis, Acute Hemorrhagic/epidemiology
- Conjunctivitis, Acute Hemorrhagic/virology
- Conjunctivitis, Viral/complications
- Conjunctivitis, Viral/epidemiology
- Conjunctivitis, Viral/physiopathology
- Conjunctivitis, Viral/virology
- Disease Outbreaks
- Enterovirus Infections
- Humans
- Keratitis/complications
- Keratitis/virology
- Keratoconjunctivitis, Infectious/complications
- Keratoconjunctivitis, Infectious/epidemiology
- Keratoconjunctivitis, Infectious/virology
- Lymphatic Diseases/complications
- Lymphatic Diseases/virology
- Retrospective Studies
- Severity of Illness Index
- Taiwan/epidemiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Hsien Chang
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih-chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kuei-Hsiang Lin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Min-Muh Sheu
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih-chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | | | - Huei-Zu Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih-chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Wu Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih-chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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15
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Abstract
We have studied the clinicoetiological, serological, and molecular epidemiological features of adenoviral conjunctivitis under the auspices of the nationwide surveillance project in Sapporo, located in northern Japan. We were able to analyze the results of 1,454 cases of adenoviral, herpetic, and chlamydial conjunctivitis. We found that adenonovirus serotypes 8, 19, and 37 caused severe conjunctivitis without systemic symptoms, whereas serotypes Ad3, Ad7, and Ad11 caused mild conjunctivitis with systemic involvement. Ad4 showed a broad range of symptoms, from PCF to EKC. Adenoviral conjunctivitis had seasonal outbreaks in the summer in association with adequate temperature and humidity in Sapporo. Neutralization antibodies against Ad8, Ad19, and Ad37 were detected in fewer than 20% of cases, and so the incidence of epidemics with these serotypes may rise in the coming years. The main genome types of adenovirus in Sapporo were Ad4a, Ad8e, Ad19a, Ad19b, and Ad37p, a, and b.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koki Aoki
- Aoki Ophthalmic Hospital, 4-3 Minami Hondouri, 5 Shiroishi-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan 003 0026
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16
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Tanaka K, Itoh N, Saitoh-Inagawa W, Uchio E, Takeuchi S, Aoki K, Soriano E, Nishi M, J�nior RB, H�rsi CM, Tsuzuki-Wang L, Durigon EL, Stewien KE, Ohno S. Genetic characterization of adenovirus strains isolated from patients with acute conjunctivitis in the city of S�o Paulo, Brazil. J Med Virol 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-9071(200005)61:1<143::aid-jmv23>3.0.co;2-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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17
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Takeuchi S, Itoh N, Uchio E, Tanaka K, Kitamura N, Kanai H, Isobe K, Aoki K, Ohno S. Adenovirus strains of subgenus D associated with nosocomial infection as new etiological agents of epidemic keratoconjunctivitis in Japan. J Clin Microbiol 1999; 37:3392-4. [PMID: 10488216 PMCID: PMC85580 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.37.10.3392-3394.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenovirus strains of a new type were isolated from patients with epidemic keratoconjunctivitis. They were not completely neutralized by any antiserum against adenovirus prototypes. PCR followed by restriction endonuclease analysis demonstrated that they were type 8. PCR followed by sequencing revealed a high homology rate between them and type 9.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Takeuchi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan.
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18
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Takeuchi S, Itoh N, Uchio E, Aoki K, Ohno S. Serotyping of adenoviruses on conjunctival scrapings by PCR and sequence analysis. J Clin Microbiol 1999; 37:1839-45. [PMID: 10325334 PMCID: PMC84965 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.37.6.1839-1845.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
To detect and identify adenovirus (Ad), we investigated hypervariable regions (HVRs) of Ad by using a combination of PCR and direct sequencing (PCR-sequence) method. Primers for nested PCR to amplify the conserved region in the hexon protein containing HVRs were designed based on hexon gene sequences derived from GenBank. These two primer sets amplified a DNA fragment of 7 HVRs from 16 prototypes of Ad, which were divided into five subgenera, including seven serotypes that are the predominant causative agents of acute conjunctivitis in Japan, and from 31 recent conjunctival scraping specimens from patients with adenoviral conjunctivitis. HVR DNA sequences were determined by means of universal sequence primers. Analysis of the predicted amino acid homology of HVRs among Ad prototypes suggested three regions, HVR4, -5, and -7, to be candidates for the neutralization epitopes. The clinical serotype of specimens was determined by the PCR-sequence method with reference to these three HVRs. The serotype determined according to this method was identical to that obtained by culture isolation and the neutralization test (NT) in all scraping samples, whereas the results of this method did not match PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis in five samples. It took only three days to detect Ad and to identify the serotype, in contrast to culture isolation-NT, which took at least 2 weeks. These findings indicate that our newly developed PCR-sequence method is applicable for the detection and serotyping of human Ads.
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MESH Headings
- Adenovirus Infections, Human/diagnosis
- Adenoviruses, Human/classification
- Adenoviruses, Human/genetics
- Adenoviruses, Human/isolation & purification
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Antigens, Viral/genetics
- Base Sequence
- Capsid/chemistry
- Capsid/genetics
- Capsid Proteins
- Conjunctiva/virology
- Conjunctivitis, Viral/diagnosis
- Conserved Sequence
- DNA Primers
- DNA, Viral/genetics
- DNA, Viral/isolation & purification
- Humans
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Neutralization Tests
- Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods
- Sequence Alignment
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- S Takeuchi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, 3-9 Fuku-ura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan.
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19
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Li QG, Zheng QJ, Liu YH, Wadell G. Molecular epidemiology of adenovirus types 3 and 7 isolated from children with pneumonia in Beijing. J Med Virol 1996; 49:170-7. [PMID: 8818961 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-9071(199607)49:3<170::aid-jmv3>3.0.co;2-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
One hundred fifty strains of adenovirus sero-types 3 (Ad3) and 7 (Ad7) were analyzed. The viruses were isolated from patients, the majority of whom had pneumonia, from central and sub-urban Beijing over a 33-year period (1958-1990). Genomic analysis of DNA extracted from 74 strains of Ad3 and 76 strains of Ad7, with four to five restriction endonucleases (REs), revealed the presence of four and eight genome types, respectively: Ad3a2, Ad3a4, Ad3a5, Ad3a6 and Ad7p1, Ad7a1, Ad7a4, Ad7b, Ad7b1, Ad7d, Ad7d1, and Ad7g. Ad7b1 was the most recently identified genome type. The restriction patterns obtained from 19 representatives of Ad7 genome types after cleavage of the DNA with 12 REs are shown. Ad3a2 first appeared in 1962, and predominated from 1983 to 1988. Ad3a4 was the main causative agent of pneumonia in 1982. Ad3a2 and Ad3a4 are closely related and have 97% pairwise comigrating restriction fragments (PCRF). Ad7d predominated over a period of 11 years (1980-1990). It has 98% PCRF with Ad7b. Ten pairs of strains isolated from different specimens of the same patients were all concordant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q G Li
- Department of Virology, Umeå University, Sweden
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20
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Shiao S, Aoki K, Isobe K, Tsuzuki WL, Itoh N, Toba K, Kobayashi N, Noguchi Y, Ohno S. Genome analysis of adenovirus type 3 isolated in Japan. J Clin Microbiol 1996; 34:413-6. [PMID: 8789026 PMCID: PMC228808 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.34.2.413-416.1996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenovirus type 3 (Ad3) isolates, isolated from 45 patients with acute conjunctivitis during the year 1990 in Japan, were studied by DNA restriction enzyme analysis with restriction endonucleases recognizing 6-bp sequences (BamHI, SmaI, HindIII, BglII) and endonucleases recognizing 5- or 4-bp sequences (HinfI and TaqI). All 45 isolates of Ad3 were identified as the genome type Ad3f by six endonucleases. They were further classified into three varieties by HinfI, varieties H1 (87.5%), H2 (8.9%), and H3 (2.2%), and into five varieties by TaqI, varieties T1 (75.6%), T2 (13.3%), T3 (2.2%), T4 (4.5%), and T5 (8.9%). The use of HinfI and TaqI was sufficient to distinguish six subgenome types: types Ad3fH1T1, Ad3fH1T2, Ad3fH1T4, Ad3fH1T5, Ad3fH2T1, and Ad3fH3T3. Among them, Ad3fH1T1 was predominant in areas where the virus is epidemic. The study showed that the same Ad3 genome type, genome type Ad3f, caused acute viral conjunctivitis even in different areas in Japan. The source and the route of infection were suggested to be common in areas where the virus is epidemic.
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MESH Headings
- Adenovirus Infections, Human/epidemiology
- Adenovirus Infections, Human/virology
- Adenoviruses, Human/genetics
- Adenoviruses, Human/isolation & purification
- Adenoviruses, Human/pathogenicity
- Adult
- Child
- Conjunctivitis, Viral/epidemiology
- Conjunctivitis, Viral/virology
- DNA Restriction Enzymes
- DNA, Viral/genetics
- DNA, Viral/isolation & purification
- Disease Outbreaks
- Genetic Variation
- Genome, Viral
- Humans
- Japan/epidemiology
- Molecular Epidemiology
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Affiliation(s)
- S Shiao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Japan
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21
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Itakura S, Aoki K, Sawada H, Ishiguro N, Shinagawa M. Changes in subgenome types of adenovirus type 4 isolated from patients with ocular disease between 1985 and 1989 in Sapporo, Japan. J Clin Microbiol 1991; 29:1740-3. [PMID: 1684800 PMCID: PMC270196 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.29.8.1740-1743.1991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of 122 adenovirus type 4 (Ad4) strains isolated from patients with epidemic keratoconjunctivitis at an eye clinic in Sapporo, Japan, from 1985 to 1989 were identified as Ad4a. By the use of HinfI and TaqI restriction endonucleases, these Ad4a strains were classified into 12 subgenome types. During this observation period, two epidemics of Ad4 infection relating to epidemic keratoconjunctivitis occurred. During the Ad4a epidemic in 1985, three subgenome types became predominant successively. However, except for one strain, the prevalent strains isolated during the epidemic of Ad4a in 1988 all belonged to a single subgenome type. In the years when an Ad4a epidemic was not observed, such Ad4a strains were new or previous subgenome types. The prevalent subgenome types tended to change within several years.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Itakura
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
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22
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Wigand R, Adrian T. A rational system for classifying and denominating adenovirus genome types. RESEARCH IN VIROLOGY 1991; 142:47-56. [PMID: 1647053 DOI: 10.1016/0923-2516(91)90027-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We propose to classify "genome types" of human adenoviruses in the same way as the "genomic clusters" defined by Li and Wadell, i.e. groups of closely related DNA variants of a given serotype named by the use of indices, P (standing for prototype) a, b etc. Variants within the genome type are named by letter-number indices (p1, p2; a1, a2 etc.). The percentage of comigrating restriction fragments and common restriction sites is significantly higher in variants than between genome types. The new naming system is applicable to adenoviruses from 5 subgenera, but requires additional work for subgenus C strains. Renaming is required mainly for adenovirus 7.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Wigand
- Abteilung für Virologie, Universitätskliniken, Homburg/Saar, Germany
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23
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Adrian T, Wolf U, Lauer HJ, Wigand R. Restriction site mapping of adenovirus type 8 genome types. RESEARCH IN VIROLOGY 1990; 141:611-24. [PMID: 2087599 DOI: 10.1016/0923-2516(90)90034-g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The DNA of 60 adenovirus type 8 (AV8) isolates (collected during the period 1961 to 1982, mostly in Western Germany) was analysed by 6 endonucleases and revealed 6 different genome types, thus implying that the variability of AV8 is relatively low. It was found that 45 isolates belonged to the genome type D1. Restriction site maps of a prototype D1 and of all deviating restriction variants were elaborated for enzymes BamHI, BglII, Hind-III and SalI.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Adrian
- Nationales Referenzzentrum für Adenoviren, Institut für Virologie und Seuchenhygiene, Medizinische Hochschule, Hannover, Germany
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24
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Itakura S, Aoki K, Sawada H, Shinagawa M. Analysis with restriction endonucleases recognizing 4- or 5-base-pair sequences of human adenovirus type 3 isolated from ocular diseases in Sapporo, Japan. J Clin Microbiol 1990; 28:2365-9. [PMID: 2172290 PMCID: PMC268181 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.28.10.2365-2369.1990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of 49 adenovirus type 3 (Ad3) strains from patients with epidemic keratoconjunctivitis at an eye clinic in Sapporo, Japan, from 1983 to 1986 were classified into either genome type Ad3f (26 strains) or Ad3g (23 strains). By the use of Hinf1 and TaqI restriction endonucleases, they were classified into 11 and 3 subgenome types, respectively. During this observation period, two epidemics of Ad3 infection relating to epidemic keratoconjunctivitis occurred. The prevalent Ad3g strains isolated during the epidemic in 1983 belonged to a single subgenome type. However, in the course of the Ad3f epidemic in 1986, alteration of one subgenome type of the prevalent strain to a different subgenome type which was presumed to be a derivative of the former was observed. In the years in which only a few Ad3 strains were isolated, such Ad3f strains were classified into different subgenome types. However, all Ad3g strains except two belonged to the same subgenome type.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Itakura
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
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