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Wilson ER, Nunes GDF, Shen S, Moore S, Gawron J, Maxwell J, Syed U, Hurley E, Lanka M, Qu J, Desaubry L, Wrabetz L, Poitelon Y, Feltri ML. Loss of prohibitin 2 in Schwann cells dysregulates key transcription factors controlling developmental myelination. bioRxiv 2024:2024.03.20.585915. [PMID: 38562812 PMCID: PMC10983910 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.20.585915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Schwann cells are critical for the proper development and function of the peripheral nervous system, where they form a mutually beneficial relationship with axons. Past studies have highlighted that a pair of proteins called the prohibitins play major roles in Schwann cell biology. Prohibitins are ubiquitously expressed and versatile proteins. We have previously shown that while prohibitins play a crucial role in Schwann cell mitochondria for long-term myelin maintenance and axon health, they may also be present at the Schwann cell-axon interface during development. Here, we expand on this work, showing that drug-mediated modulation of prohibitins in vitro disrupts myelination and confirming that Schwann cell-specific ablation of prohibitin 2 (Phb2) in vivo results in early and severe defects in peripheral nerve development. Using a proteomic approach in vitro, we identify a pool of candidate PHB2 interactors that change their interaction with PHB2 depending on the presence of axonal signals. Furthermore, we show in vivo that loss of Phb2 in mouse Schwann cells causes ineffective proliferation and dysregulation of transcription factors EGR2 (KROX20), POU3F1 (OCT6) and POU3F2 (BRN2) that are necessary for proper Schwann cell maturation. Schwann cell-specific deletion of Jun, a transcription factor associated with negative regulation of myelination, confers partial rescue of the development defect seen in mice lacking Schwann cell Phb2. This work develops our understanding of Schwann cell biology, revealing that Phb2 may directly or indirectly modulate the timely expression of transcription factors necessary for proper peripheral nervous system development, and proposing candidates that may play a role in PHB2-mediated integration of axon signals in the Schwann cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma R Wilson
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Myelin and Glia Exploration, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Gustavo Della-Flora Nunes
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Myelin and Glia Exploration, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Shichen Shen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Seth Moore
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Myelin and Glia Exploration, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Joseph Gawron
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Myelin and Glia Exploration, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Jessica Maxwell
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Myelin and Glia Exploration, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Umair Syed
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Myelin and Glia Exploration, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Edward Hurley
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Myelin and Glia Exploration, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Meghana Lanka
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Jun Qu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Laurent Desaubry
- Center of Research in Biomedicine of Strasbourg, Regenerative Nanomedicine (UMR 1260), INSERM, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Lawrence Wrabetz
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Myelin and Glia Exploration, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
- Department of Neurology, Institute for Myelin and Glia Exploration, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Yannick Poitelon
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
| | - M Laura Feltri
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Myelin and Glia Exploration, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
- Department of Neurology, Institute for Myelin and Glia Exploration, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
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Dobler L, Hamza B, Attin T, Wegehaupt FJ. Abrasive Enamel and Dentin Wear Resulting from Brushing with Toothpastes with Highly Discrepant Relative Enamel Abrasivity ( REA) and Relative Dentin Abrasivity (RDA) Values. Oral Health Prev Dent 2023; 21:41-48. [PMID: 36727837 DOI: 10.3290/j.ohpd.b3858625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the absolute wear caused by toothpastes with highly discrepant REA (Relative Enamel Abrasivity) and RDA (Relative Dentin Abrasivity) values on both enamel and dentin: Candida Peppermint (CP; REA: 1; RDA: 42), Colgate Total Original (CTO; REA: 4; RDA: 100), Signal White System (SWS; REA: 8; RDA: 143), and Candida White Diamond (CWD; REA 244; RDA: 12). MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighty (80) bovine enamel samples and 80 dentin samples were divided into four groups each (n = 20) and investigated after a 6-h brushing procedure (21,600 cycles, 60 cycles/min, load of 2.5 N) with the four toothpastes. The abrasive enamel and dentin wear were registered using a contact profilometer. The median and interquartile range (IQR) of the abrasive enamel and dentin wear were calculated for each group. Pairwise comparisons were conducted using the Wilcoxon signed-rank exact test, and the p-value was adjusted according to Holm (statistical significance set at 0.05). RESULTS CWD led to the highest abrasive enamel wear (9.86 μm [5.77]). CTO caused the highest abrasive dentin wear (166.70 μm [69.90]), being statistically significantly higher than the wear for CP (54.20 μm [24.00]) and CWD (17.00 μm [7.80]) (p = 0.00001). The abrasive dentin wear for CWD was statistically significantly lower in comparison to all other groups (p = 0.00001). CONCLUSION Toothpastes with highly discrepant REA and RDA values presented statistically significantly different absolute wear on enamel and dentin. REA and RDA values should both be declared for every toothpaste.
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Zoller MJ, Hamza B, Cucuzza C, Gubler A, Attin T, Wegehaupt FJ. Relative dentin and enamel abrasivity of charcoal toothpastes. Int J Dent Hyg 2023; 21:149-156. [PMID: 36303293 PMCID: PMC10099862 DOI: 10.1111/idh.12634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Very little data are known about charcoal toothpastes. The aim of this study was to counteract the missing data by determining the relative dentin abrasivity (RDA) and relative enamel abrasivity (REA) values of charcoal toothpastes. METHODS Radioactively charged dentin and enamel samples were randomly divided into groups of eight specimens. Each group was brushed with two of total 12 charcoal toothpaste slurries and with a standard abrasive with a known RDA and REA value. The measured radioactivity in counts per minute within the slurries corresponds to the amount of dentin or enamel abraded. RDA and REA values of the charcoal toothpastes were expressed relative to the known value of the standard slurry. RESULTS The RDA and REA values of the charcoal toothpastes have a broad range of 24-166 and 0-14, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The RDA and REA values do not differ significantly from previously tested commercially available toothpastes. However, the lack of fluoride compounds in many of the investigated charcoal toothpastes can have a less beneficial effect for the consumers. It is very important to educate patients accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel J Zoller
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Blend Hamza
- Clinic of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Cucuzza
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Gubler
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Attin
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Florian J Wegehaupt
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Skinner AM, Petrella L, Siddiqui F, Sambol SP, Gulvik CA, Gerding DN, Donskey CJ, Johnson S. Unique Clindamycin-Resistant Clostridioides difficile Strain Related to Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Epidemic BI/RT027 Strain. Emerg Infect Dis 2021; 26:247-254. [PMID: 31961290 PMCID: PMC6986856 DOI: 10.3201/eid2602.181965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
During a surveillance study of patients in a long-term care facility and the affiliated acute care hospital in the United States, we identified a Clostridioides difficile strain related to the epidemic PCR ribotype (RT) 027 strain associated with hospital outbreaks of severe disease. Fifteen patients were infected with this strain, characterized as restriction endonuclease analysis group DQ and RT591. Like RT027, DQ/RT591 contained genes for toxin B and binary toxin CDT and a tcdC gene of identical sequence. Whole-genome sequencing and multilocus sequence typing showed that DQ/RT591 is a member of the same multilocus sequence typing clade 2 as RT027 but in a separate cluster. DQ/RT591 produced a similar cytopathic effect as RT027 but showed delayed toxin production in vitro. DQ/RT591 was susceptible to moxifloxacin but highly resistant to clindamycin. Continued surveillance is warranted for this clindamycin-resistant strain that is related to the fluoroquinolone-resistant epidemic RT027 strain.
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Hamza B, Attin T, Cucuzza C, Gubler A, Wegehaupt FJ. RDA and REA Values of Commercially Available Toothpastes Utilising Diamond Powder and Traditional Abrasives. Oral Health Prev Dent 2020; 18:807-814. [PMID: 32895665 DOI: 10.3290/j.ohpd.a45085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate whether toothpastes with diamond powder vs those with traditional abrasives abrade dentin and enamel differently and to determine the relative dentin abrasivity (RDA) and relative enamel abrasivity (REA) values of those toothpastes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Dentin and enamel samples of bovine permanent incisors were randomly allocated into groups of eight, brushed with 20 different toothpastes (three of which contained diamond powder) and analysed for their RDA and REA values. RESULTS Toothpastes with diamond powder exhibit low RDA values but high REA values. Some RDA values exceeded the ones declared by the manufacturer. CONCLUSION Diamond powder as an abrasive might have a mild action on dentin, but it is highly abrasive on enamel.
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Borghi F, Mazzucchelli LA, Campagnolo D, Rovelli S, Fanti G, Keller M, Cattaneo A, Spinazzè A, Cavallo DM. Retrospective Exposure Assessment Methods Used in Occupational Human Health Risk Assessment: A Systematic Review. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:E6190. [PMID: 32858967 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17176190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
As part of the assessment and management of chemical risk and occupational hygiene, retrospective exposure assessment (REA) to chemical agents can be defined as the estimate of exposure associated with a person's work history. The fundamental problem underlying the reconstruction of the exposure is that of transforming this type of information in quantitative terms to obtain an accurate estimate. REA can follow various approaches, some of which are technically complicated and both time and resource consuming. The aim of this systematic review is to present the techniques mainly used for occupational REA. In order to carry out this evaluation, a systematic review of the scientific literature was conducted. Forty-four studies were identified (published from 2010 to date) and analyzed. In exposure reconstruction studies, quantitative approaches should be preferable, especially when estimates will be used in the context of health impact assessment or epidemiology, although it is important to stress how, ideally, the experimental data available for the considered scenario should be used whenever possible as the main starting information base for further processing. To date, there is no single approach capable of providing an accurate estimate of exposure for each reasonably foreseeable condition and situation and the best approach generally depends on the level of information available for the specific case. The use of a combination of different reconstruction techniques can, therefore, represent a powerful tool for weighting and integrating data obtained through qualitative and quantitative approaches, in order to obtain the best possible estimate.
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de Albuquerque PPF, de Melo RPB, de Farias Brito M, Bovino F, de Souza MA, Lima AMC, de Oliveira EAA, de Moraes Pereira H, Mota RA. First molecular epidemiological study of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in cattle and buffalo from different regions of Brazil. Trop Anim Health Prod 2018; 50:1929-1935. [PMID: 29946985 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-018-1650-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Paratuberculosis is an incurable disease in ruminants with great worldwide economic impact, caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP). The objective of this study was to carry out a study of the molecular epidemiology of the MAP using the restriction enzyme analysis (REA) technique of IS1311 MAP region in biological samples of feces, intestinal tissue, and mesenteric lymph nodes of cattle and buffaloes from six Brazilian states. In total, 109 samples of feces and tissues of cattle and buffaloes were collected from animal paratuberculosis suspected. Twenty-five samples were positive in the detection of the DNA of the IS900 region of MAP and it was possible to type 18 strains in the analysis of the region IS1311, being 100% of them identified as belonging to subtype Bison MAP strain. This is the first epidemiological molecular study of MAP in Brazil. The results indicate that paratuberculosis is widespread in cattle and in buffaloes in several regions of Brazil, and the subtype Bison MAP strain was the only one identified in the samples analyzed in this study, demonstrating the similarity between the strains from different states tested. These results provide the necessary support for the implementation of paratuberculosis control strategies in cattle and buffaloes in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marilene de Farias Brito
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Bovino
- Faculty of Agrarian Sciences of Andradina, Educational Foundation of Andradina, Andradina, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Rinaldo Aparecido Mota
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
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Abstract
Restriction endonuclease analysis (REA) typing using HindIII enzyme is a highly discriminatory, reproducible, and consistent method of genetic typing of Clostridium difficile (CD) isolates. REA typing analyzes CD whole cellular DNA on two levels of discrimination: REA Group designation and REA Type designation, which distinguishes specific subtypes within the REA Group. This methodology has enabled the tracking of epidemiologically significant CD strains over time and in some cases has allowed documentation of the evolution of previously rare REA Group strains that have subsequently become epidemic. The chapter details the methods used to isolate and purify CD colonies from stool samples, to obtain intact, full-length whole cellular DNA from CD isolates by use of guanidine-EDTA solution, and to analyze the HindIII-digested DNA after electrophoretic separation on agarose gels.
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Xue F, Fang G, Yang P, Zhao E, Brauth SE, Tang Y. The biological significance of acoustic stimuli determines ear preference in the music frog. J Exp Biol 2015; 218:740-7. [PMID: 25740903 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.114694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Behavioral and neurophysiological studies support the idea that right ear advantage (REA) exists for perception of conspecific vocal signals in birds and mammals. Nevertheless, few studies have focused on anuran species that typically communicate through vocalization. The present study examined the direction and latencies of orientation behaviors in Emei music frogs (Babina daunchina) produced in response to six auditory stimuli emitted by a speaker placed directly behind the subjects. The stimuli included male advertisement calls produced from within burrow nests, which have been shown to be highly sexually attractive (HSA), calls produced from outside burrows, which are of low sexual attractiveness (LSA), screech calls produced when frogs are attacked by snakes, white noise, thunder and silence. For all sound stimuli except the screech, the frogs preferentially turned to the right. Right ear preference was strongest for HSA calls. For the screech and thunder stimuli, there was an increased tendency for subjects to move further from the speaker rather than turning. These results support the idea that in anurans, right ear preference is associated with perception of positive or neutral signals such as the conspecific advertisement call and white noise, while a left ear preference is associated with perception of negative signals such as predatory attack.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xue
- Key laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, School of life sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, People's Republic of China Department of Herpetology, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.9 Section 4, Renmin South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangzhan Fang
- Department of Herpetology, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.9 Section 4, Renmin South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Yang
- Department of Herpetology, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.9 Section 4, Renmin South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Ermi Zhao
- Key laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, School of life sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, People's Republic of China Department of Herpetology, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.9 Section 4, Renmin South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Steven E Brauth
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Yezhong Tang
- Department of Herpetology, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.9 Section 4, Renmin South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
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Kajon AE, de Jong JC, Dickson LM, Arron G, Murtagh P, Viale D, Carballal G, Echavarria M. Molecular and serological characterization of species B2 adenovirus strains isolated from children hospitalized with acute respiratory disease in Buenos Aires, Argentina. J Clin Virol 2013; 58:4-10. [PMID: 23886503 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2013.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Revised: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Between September 2000 and November 2005, approximately 10% of the retrospectively examined human adenovirus (HAdV)-positive pediatric cases of acute respiratory disease (ARD) requiring hospitalization at the Hospital Nacional de Pediatria Juan P. Garrahan in Buenos Aires, Argentina, were found to have a HAdV-B2 infection. OBJECTIVE To characterize genetically and antigenically the HAdV-B2 virus isolates. STUDY DESIGN Restriction enzyme analysis (REA), hexon and fiber gene sequencing and virus neutralization assays (VN) were carried out on 8 HAdV-B2 respiratory virus isolates. RESULTS REA showed that the 8 examined HAdV-B2 virus isolates were HAdV11, belonging to two genomic variants: HAdV11a and a BclI variant of HAdV11c which we designated 11c4. Molecular analysis of the hexon genes showed that both REA variants had a HAdV11-like hexon gene. Confirming previous reports, the 7 HAdV11a virus isolates were found to have HAdV14-like fiber genes and therefore are HAdV H11/F14. The fiber gene of the HAdV11c4 virus isolates most closely resembled that of various strains of HAdV7. In VN assays, the 4 tested HAdV11a strains were serotyped as HAdV11-14. The HAdV11c4 strain was serotyped as HAdV11 but also showed a weak but significant reactivity with antiserum to HAdV7. Compared with the other HAdV-positive cases in our study, infection with HAdV11 caused a similarly severe disease. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide evidence to the long term world-wide circulation of HAdV H11/F14 as a causative agent of ARD. Combined, our molecular and serology data support the rationale to base the molecular typing and designation of recombinant viruses on the sequences of the hexon and fiber genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana E Kajon
- Infectious Disease Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, 2425 Ridgecrest Drive SE, Albuquerque, NM 87108, USA.
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