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Shimizu K, Takase H, Okada A, Inoshima Y. Possibility of mechanical transmission of parapoxvirus by houseflies (Musca domestica) on cattle and sheep farms. J Vet Med Sci 2022; 84:1313-1319. [PMID: 35896345 PMCID: PMC9523284 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.22-0158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Parapoxvirus (PPV) causes papular stomatitis and contagious pustular dermatitis in ruminants worldwide. The virus is generally transmitted through close contact with skin lesions containing
PPV in infected animals and indirectly through PPV-contaminated materials. PPV-infected animals frequently do not show clinical signs and the route of PPV transmission is sometimes unclear.
In this study, the possibility of mechanical transmission of PPV by houseflies (Musca domestica) was investigated using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) gene surveillance.
Samples were collected from cattle, sheep, barn environments, direct wash solution of the body surface of houseflies, and indirect wash solution of the body surface and feces of the flies.
Bovine papular stomatitis virus, pseudocowpox virus, and orf virus were detected in the oral cavity and body surface of cattle and sheep without clinical signs of PPV infection or barn
environments; PPV was considered to have been retained on the farm. PPVs were also detected in the direct wash solution of the body surface of houseflies, and the indirect wash solution of
the body surface and feces of the flies. The viral sequence determined from the indirect wash solution of the body surface and feces of the flies was identical to that determined from the
body surface of cattle and barns. These results suggested that houseflies may mechanically transmit PPV to both cattle and sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Shimizu
- Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Gifu University
| | - Hiroshi Takase
- Core Laboratory, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University
| | - Ayaka Okada
- Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Gifu University.,Education and Research Center for Food Animal Health, Gifu University (GeFAH)
| | - Yasuo Inoshima
- Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Gifu University.,Education and Research Center for Food Animal Health, Gifu University (GeFAH).,Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University
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2
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A new enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for serological diagnosis of seal parapoxvirus infection in marine mammals. J Vet Res 2022; 66:43-52. [PMID: 35582482 PMCID: PMC8959681 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2022-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Seal parapoxvirus (SPPV) infection has been reported among pinnipeds in aquaria in Japan; however, its seroprevalence is unknown. Therefore, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for serological diagnosis of SPPV infection. Material and Methods The gene encoding the major envelope protein of SPPV was cloned into the eukaryotic expression vector pAcGFP1-N1, which encodes the green fluorescence protein (GFP), thereby producing a fusion protein (Env-GFP). Parental and cloned vector DNA was independently transfected into cultured seal cells for the expression of GFP and Env-GFP. The wells of an ELISA plate were coated with either GFP- or Env-GFP-transfected cell lysates. The light absorbance of each serum sample was adjusted by subtracting the absorbance of GFP-coated wells from that of Env-GFP-coated wells. Sera from two spotted seals (Phoca largha), six beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas), three Pacific white-sided dolphins (Lagenorhynchus obliquidens), and ten bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) from an aquarium in Japan were examined using the ELISA. Results Positive reactions were not observed, except in one preserved sample collected ten years ago from a naturally SPPV-infected spotted seal. Conclusion The established ELISA could be useful in screening marine mammal sera for anti-SPPV antibodies.
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Hirano S, Soga Y, Kuno Y, Doai S, Tokutake S, Shibahara T, Indo T. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of bovine papular stomatitis viruses detected in Saga, Japan. J Vet Med Sci 2021; 83:1489-1494. [PMID: 34334509 PMCID: PMC8498829 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.20-0624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we performed a molecular phylogenetic analysis of six bovine papular stomatitis virus (BPSV) field strains detected from Japanese beef calves kept on a farm in Saga prefecture, a southwest part of Japan, from 2017 to 2020. The phylogenetic analysis based on a partial B2L gene (554-nt) showed that these field strains were divided into two lineages, a lineage (A-lineage) constructed by a Saga strain and strains obtained from various regions of Japan and the world, and other lineage (B-lineage) constructed by five Saga strains and strains obtained from France, USA and Iwate prefecture (a north part of Japan). Furthermore, a Saga field strain named BPSV_SAGAbv2 and strains obtained from USA and Iwate prefecture belonged to a sub-lineage blanched from B-lineage. This is the first report elucidating molecular epidemiological characters of field BPSVs obtained from Saga prefecture. The existence of the multiple lineages was thought to be related to a history of calf introduction from various regions of Japan into Saga prefecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Hirano
- Saga Prefectural Central Livestock Hygiene Service Center
| | - Yasufumi Soga
- Saga Prefectural Central Livestock Hygiene Service Center
| | - Yuri Kuno
- Saga Prefectural Central Livestock Hygiene Service Center.,National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization
| | - Satomi Doai
- National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization.,Tochigi Prefecture Kenou Livestock Hygiene Service Center
| | - Shinya Tokutake
- National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization.,Nagano Prefectural Matsumoto Livestock Hygiene Service Center
| | - Tomoyuki Shibahara
- National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization.,Department of Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science, Osaka Prefecture University
| | - Tadahiro Indo
- Saga Prefectural Central Livestock Hygiene Service Center
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4
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Kato M, Kawashima D, Ito Y, Yamamoto O, Nakajima H, Oizumi T, Shimizu K, Inoshima Y. Successful measures to prevent the spread of bovine papular stomatitis in a dairy farm. J Vet Med Sci 2020; 83:304-308. [PMID: 33310999 PMCID: PMC7972889 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.20-0554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasal papules and oral ulcers were observed in calves that were group-housed at a dairy farm. The calves were diagnosed with bovine papular stomatitis (BPS) due to parapoxvirus (PPV) infection based on virologic examinations using polymerase chain reaction to detect PPV. To prevent the spread of BPS, we isolated the affected calves, made procedural changes so that the affected herd was managed after the healthy herd, disinfected the bedding with slaked lime, disinfected the stalls and fences with invert soap, and changed the animals' feed to soft grass which does not damage the oral cavity. As a result, we succeeded in control the infection quickly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Kato
- Matsumoto Livestock Hygiene Service Center, 6931 Nishigawara, Shimauchi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-0851, Japan
| | - Daiki Kawashima
- Matsumoto Livestock Hygiene Service Center, 6931 Nishigawara, Shimauchi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-0851, Japan
| | - Yui Ito
- Matsumoto Livestock Hygiene Service Center, 6931 Nishigawara, Shimauchi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-0851, Japan
| | - Osamu Yamamoto
- Matsumoto Livestock Hygiene Service Center, 6931 Nishigawara, Shimauchi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-0851, Japan
| | - Hiromi Nakajima
- Ina Livestock Hygiene Service Center, 5764 Nishimachi, Ina, Nagano 396-0026, Japan
| | - Takuya Oizumi
- Ina Livestock Hygiene Service Center, 5764 Nishimachi, Ina, Nagano 396-0026, Japan
| | - Kaori Shimizu
- Laboratory of Food and Environmental Hygiene, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Yasuo Inoshima
- Laboratory of Food and Environmental Hygiene, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.,Education and Research Center for Food Animal Health, Gifu University (GeFAH), 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.,The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.,Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
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5
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Shimizu K, Badr Y, Okada A, Inoshima Y. Bovine papular stomatitis virus and pseudocowpox virus coinfection in dairy calves in Japan. Arch Virol 2020; 165:2659-2664. [PMID: 32880730 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-020-04792-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Two cases of coinfection with bovine papular stomatitis virus (BPSV) and pseudocowpox virus (PCPV) in dairy calves in Tochigi Prefecture, Japan, are reported. Sequences of BPSV and PCPV were simultaneously detected in the same polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplicons, which were obtained from the DNA of two dairy calves using a pan-parapoxvirus primer set. PCR amplification using BPSV- and PCPV-specific primer sets were able to distinguish between the two viruses in coinfected clinical samples. Based on these data, further studies on the occurrence BPSV/PCPV coinfections in cattle in Japan are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Shimizu
- Laboratory of Food and Environmental Hygiene, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yassien Badr
- Laboratory of Food and Environmental Hygiene, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan.,Department of Animal Medicine (Infectious Diseases), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, El-Beheira, Egypt
| | - Ayaka Okada
- Laboratory of Food and Environmental Hygiene, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan.,Education and Research Center for Food Animal Health, Gifu University (GeFAH), Gifu, Japan
| | - Yasuo Inoshima
- Laboratory of Food and Environmental Hygiene, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan. .,Education and Research Center for Food Animal Health, Gifu University (GeFAH), Gifu, Japan. .,The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan. .,Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan.
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6
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Matsumoto H, Setoyama H, Matsuura Y, Ohtani A, Shimizu K, Okada A, Inoshima Y. Sequential detection of pseudocowpox virus and bovine papular stomatitis virus in a same calf in Japan. J Vet Med Sci 2019; 81:440-443. [PMID: 30674740 PMCID: PMC6451898 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.18-0367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We detected parapoxviruses from environmental samples and calves with and without intraoral clinical signs and conducted molecular and serological analyses. Pseudocowpox virus (PCPV) was
detected from a calf showing anorexia, frothy salivation, and erosion in the mucosa of the lip and tongue. At the time that PCPV was detected, bovine papular stomatitis viruses (BPSVs) were
detected in environmental samples as well as in calves without intraoral clinical signs. BPSV, but not PCPV, was detected in the same calf after 22 days. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that
genetically different PCPV strains exist in Japan. This is the first report on the detection of PCPV and BPSV sequentially in the same calf and coexistence of PCPV and BPSV in the same farm
in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruna Matsumoto
- Miyazaki Livestock Hygiene Service Center, 3151-1 Shimonaka, Sadowara, Miyazaki, Miyazaki 880-0212, Japan
| | - Hironori Setoyama
- Miyazaki Livestock Hygiene Service Center, 3151-1 Shimonaka, Sadowara, Miyazaki, Miyazaki 880-0212, Japan
| | - Yuichi Matsuura
- National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan
| | - Akifumi Ohtani
- Yamaguchi Chubu Livestock Hygiene Service Center, 671-5 Kagawa, Yamaguchi, Yamaguchi 754-0897, Japan
| | - Kaori Shimizu
- Laboratory of Food and Environmental Hygiene, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Ayaka Okada
- Laboratory of Food and Environmental Hygiene, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.,Education and Research Center for Food Animal Health, Gifu University (GeFAH), 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Yasuo Inoshima
- Laboratory of Food and Environmental Hygiene, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.,Education and Research Center for Food Animal Health, Gifu University (GeFAH), 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.,The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
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7
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Ohtani A, Yokoyama A, Narushige H, Inoshima Y. First isolation and genetic characterization of pseudocowpox virus from cattle in Japan. Virol J 2017; 14:172. [PMID: 28874200 PMCID: PMC5585939 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-017-0840-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pseudocowpox virus (PCPV) infects cattle worldwide with zoonotic potential but has not been isolated in Japan. Thus, the epidemiological status of PCPV infection in cattle is undetermined. Results In May 2016, a cattle in a farm in Yamaguchi Prefecture showed white vesicles and hyperemia in the mucosa under the tongue surface, but not on the teats and coronary cushions. A parapoxvirus was isolated from the oral lesion swab and was genetically characterized based on the full-length sequence of B2L gene encoding viral envelope. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the isolated virus was classified into PCPV. Conclusion This case indicates its potential spread in Japan. This is the first report of isolation of PCPV in Japan. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12985-017-0840-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akifumi Ohtani
- Yamaguchi Chubu Livestock Hygiene Service Center, 671-5 Kagawa, Yamaguchi, Yamaguchi, 754-0897, Japan
| | - Akihiro Yokoyama
- Yamaguchi Chubu Livestock Hygiene Service Center, 671-5 Kagawa, Yamaguchi, Yamaguchi, 754-0897, Japan
| | - Hisato Narushige
- Yamaguchi Chubu Livestock Hygiene Service Center, 671-5 Kagawa, Yamaguchi, Yamaguchi, 754-0897, Japan
| | - Yasuo Inoshima
- Laboratory of Food and Environmental Hygiene, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan. .,The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan. .,Education and Research Center for Food Animal Health, Gifu University (GeFAH), 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan.
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8
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Yaegashi G, Fukunari K, Oyama T, Murakami RK, Inoshima Y. Detection and quantification of parapoxvirus DNA by use of a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assay in calves without clinical signs of parapoxvirus infection. Am J Vet Res 2016; 77:383-7. [PMID: 27027837 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.77.4.383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the presence of parapoxvirus (PPV) in cattle without clinical signs of infection and in farm environments of PPV-infected cattle. ANIMALS 28 calves without clinical signs of PPV infection on 2 farms and 11 clinically affected calves on 6 farms. PROCEDURES 164 oral swab samples were collected at regular intervals from 28 calves without clinical signs of PPV infection, and 11 swab samples were collected from 11 clinically affected calves. Viral DNA load was quantified by use of a PPV-specific quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) assay. RESULTS Of 28 calves without clinical signs of PPV infection, 12 had positive results for PPV DNA by use of the qRT-PCR assay. Viral DNA was detected continuously over a period of 2 to 5 months from 9 of these 12 calves, particularly from calves with dermatomycosis or respiratory tract disease. The PPV DNA loads in 32 oral swab samples from these 12 calves were significantly lower (median, 3.2 copies/mg) than those in samples collected from the 11 clinically affected calves (median, 3.2 × 10(4) copies/mg). Moreover, PPV DNA was detected in the residual feed and drinking water on both farms that housed the calves without clinical signs of PPV infection. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE PPV in cattle without clinical signs of infection and in the environments of these cattle may represent sources of PPV transmission to susceptible cattle. IMPACT FOR HUMAN MEDICINE Humans should wear gloves to prevent zoonotic disease transmission when handling cattle with or without clinical signs of PPV infection.
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Yaegashi G, Sasaki I, Chiba S, Murakami K. Molecular analysis of parapoxvirus detected in eight calves in Japan. J Vet Med Sci 2013; 75:1399-403. [PMID: 23748974 PMCID: PMC3942923 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.12-0456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular analysis of parapoxvirus envelope genes was performed. Parapoxvirus DNA was
detected in eight calves from eight farms in Iwate Prefecture, Japan, between April and
September 2010. Seven of the detected viruses were identified as bovine papular stomatitis
virus (BPSV) by sequencing, because their nucleotide identity was more than 96.8% similar
compared with BPSV strain V660. Among them, two formed a subgroup, because their amplicons
were digested with Xmn I (a marker for BPSV) and Hinc II
and exhibited a T61C nucleotide substitution in the sequenced region. The remaining virus
was pseudocowpox virus that had not been reported previously in Japan. Our results
demonstrate the presence of a new BPSV variant in Japan with genetic variability in the
envelope gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gakuji Yaegashi
- Iwate Prefecture Central Livestock Hygiene Service Center, 390-5 Sunagome, Takizawa-mura, Iwate 020-0173, Japan
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10
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Oem JK, Lee EY, Lee KK, Kim SH, Lee MH, Hyun BH. Bovine papular stomatitis virus (BPSV) infections in Korean native cattle. J Vet Med Sci 2013; 75:675-8. [PMID: 23292127 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.12-0312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
An outbreak of a disease with parapox-like symptoms was reported in South Korea in April 2012. Three of 45 Korean native cattle, age 20-24 months, were affected. Parapoxviruses were detected and identified by electron microscopy and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). To determine the genetic characteristics of the Korean strains, the sequence of the major envelope protein (B2L) was determined and compared with published reference sequences. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the parapoxvirus strains were closely related to not only isolates from Japan, but also isolates from Germany, Sudan and the United states. This is the first report on an outbreak and the molecular characterization of BPSV in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Ku Oem
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Division, Animal, Plant and Fisheries Quarantine and Inspection Agency, 480 Anyang-6-Dong, Anyang 430-824, Republic of Korea
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11
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INOSHIMA Y, ITO M, ISHIGURO N. Spatial and Temporal Genetic Homogeneity of Orf Viruses Infecting Japanese Serows (Capricornis crispus). J Vet Med Sci 2010; 72:701-7. [DOI: 10.1292/jvms.09-0467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuo INOSHIMA
- Laboratory of Food and Environmental Hygiene, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Gifu University
| | - Mika ITO
- Nanbu Livestock Hygiene Service Center
| | - Naotaka ISHIGURO
- Laboratory of Food and Environmental Hygiene, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Gifu University
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12
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Iketani Y, Inoshima Y, Asano A, Murakami K, Shimizu S, Sentsui H. Persistent parapoxvirus infection in cattle. Microbiol Immunol 2003; 46:285-91. [PMID: 12061631 DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.2002.tb02697.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The possibility of persistent parapoxvirus (PPV) infection was investigated by serologically and genetically using cattle infected with the virus experimentally and naturally. Three cattle were inoculated with the virus subcutaneously at several spots in the lips and abdominal regions. Small papules developed in the inoculated regions, and antibodies to the virus developed and continued persistently. One animal, from which one PPV had been previously isolated, was also subjected to serological and viral detection tests as a naturally infected case. Two of these four cattle were injected with dexamethasone (DM), and one was injected with interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). The viral genome was rarely detected from the peripheral blood leukocytes in the ordinary condition, but frequently when the animals were injected with IFN-gamma. The viral genome was also detected from the lymph nodes as these PPV infected animals were euthanized. These results indicated that cattle were infected with PPV subclinically and persistently, and the virus was activated in stressed or immunosuppressed animals. The virus would be harbored in the lymphotic tissues of the animals when they show no clinical symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Iketani
- National Institute of Animal Health, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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13
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Inoshima Y, Murakami K, Wu D, Sentsui H. Characterization of parapoxviruses circulating among wild Japanese serows (Capricornis crispus). Microbiol Immunol 2003; 46:583-7. [PMID: 12363024 DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.2002.tb02738.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We antigenically and molecularly compared 5 parapoxvirus isolates and 7 viral DNA samples from clinical lesions of Japanese serows with 3 viruses from sheep and goats. All isolates from Japanese serows except one, Ishikawa-S, reacted with six monoclonal antibodies to orf virus (ORFV). Restriction endonuclease analysis using amplified viral DNA showed the ORFV-specific pattern in all samples except Ishikawa-S, which showed a bovine papular stomatitis virus (BPSV)-specific pattern. Partial nucleotide sequences of the envelope genes were determined and those of all samples from Japanese serows and sheep except Ishikawa-S were completely identical and also had high identities with the goat virus. These findings suggest that parapoxvirus infection in Japanese serows might be mainly caused by ORFV and accidentally by BPSV. The envelope gene sequenced here seems to be conserved in Japanese ORFVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuo Inoshima
- National Institute of Animal Health, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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14
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Inoshima Y, Murakami K, Yokoyama T, Sentsui H. Genetic heterogeneity among parapoxviruses isolated from sheep, cattle and Japanese serows (Capricornis crispus). J Gen Virol 2001; 82:1215-1220. [PMID: 11297696 DOI: 10.1099/0022-1317-82-5-1215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Standard strains of four parapoxviruses and seven unclassified Japanese strains isolated from sheep, cattle and wild Japanese serows (Capricornis crispus) were compared molecularly. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of viral DNA, indirect immunofluorescence assays using monoclonal antibodies, partial nucleotide sequencing of the envelope gene, phylogenetic analysis and PCR-RFLP were carried out. These analyses revealed that the parapoxviruses were divided into four groups and the region sequenced in this study was highly conserved within each group. Each of the Japanese isolates was classified into one of these groups. These findings also indicated that parapoxvirus infections among wild Japanese serows seem to be caused by at least two different parapoxviruses, bovine papular stomatitis virus and orf virus. The methods presented here are useful for genetic characterization and classification of parapoxviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuo Inoshima
- National Institute of Animal Health, 3-1-1 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan1
| | - Kenji Murakami
- National Institute of Animal Health, 3-1-1 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan1
| | - Takashi Yokoyama
- National Institute of Animal Health, 3-1-1 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan1
| | - Hiroshi Sentsui
- National Institute of Animal Health, 3-1-1 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan1
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15
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Inoshima Y, Morooka A, Sentsui H. Detection and diagnosis of parapoxvirus by the polymerase chain reaction. J Virol Methods 2000; 84:201-8. [PMID: 10680970 DOI: 10.1016/s0166-0934(99)00144-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The genus Parapoxvirus includes four members, bovine papular stomatitis virus (BPSV), pseudocowpox virus (PCPV), orf virus (ORFV) and parapoxvirus of red deer in New Zealand (PVNZ). A set of primers for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was designed to detect viral DNA from cells infected with each of the four parapoxviruses. The set of primers resulted in the amplification of appropriately sized products from cells infected with BPSV, PCPV, ORFV and PVNZ, respectively. The PCR method was applied for the detection of seven field isolates of parapoxvirus from cattle, sheep and free-ranging wild Japanese serows. The expected size of DNA was amplified from cells infected with each of the seven isolates. No specific PCR products were detected from vaccinia virus-, fowlpox virus- and mock-infected cells. Moreover, by a semi-nested PCR with an inner primer and Southern blot analysis, viral DNA was detected from lesions of clinically affected cattle, sheep and Japanese serows. These results suggested that the PCR method used in this study was specific for the detection of parapoxviruses and thus useful for diagnosis of parapoxvirus infections, especially in discrimination from diseases with similar clinical symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Inoshima
- National Institute of Animal Health, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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