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Faeli L, Kermani F, Rezaei-Matehkolaei A, Ilkit M, Valadan R, Hosseini SA, Javidnia J, Mayahi S, Shokohi T, Abastabar M. Molecular typing of a collection of Iranian clinical Trichophyton tonsurans isolates based on the non-transcribed spacer region of rDNA and antifungal susceptibility testing of the species. Mycoses 2024; 67:e13666. [PMID: 37941162 DOI: 10.1111/myc.13666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Wrestling, considered the national sport of Iran, has gained immense popularity among Iranians. Wrestlers frequently encounter skin conditions, with dermatophyte fungal infections, particularly tinea gladiatorum (TG), being a common issue. TG, caused by the Trichophyton genus, has emerged as a major health concern for wrestlers and other contact sport athletes worldwide. This study aimed to assess the genotypic diversity and antifungal susceptibility of Trichophyton tonsurans isolates responsible for TG in Iranian wrestlers from Mazandaran province, northern Iran. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 60 clinical T. tonsurans isolates collected from various cities in Mazandaran, were included in the study. The isolates were identified through PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism and sequencing methods. Genomic DNA was extracted from these isolates, and the non-transcribed spacer (NTS) region of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) was targeted for genotyping using newly designed primers. Haplotype analysis was performed to explore genetic diversity, and antifungal susceptibility to terbinafine (TRB) and itraconazole (ITC) was assessed. RESULTS The results revealed five distinct NTS types: NTS-I, NTS-II, NTS-III, NTS-IV and NTS-V, with NTS-IV being the most prevalent. The distribution of NTS types varied across different cities, suggesting potential transmission patterns among wrestlers. Antifungal susceptibility testing showed that all isolates were susceptible to TRB, while one isolate demonstrated resistance to ITC. Genotypic diversity was not correlated with antifungal susceptibility, emphasising the importance of monitoring susceptibility to ensure effective treatment. Haplotype analysis highlighted significant genetic diversity among the T. tonsurans isolates. This diversity may be attributed to factors such as human-to-human transmission, geographic location and lifestyle changes. The study's findings underscore the need for comprehensive genotypic analysis to understand the epidemiology and evolution of T. tonsurans infections in athletes. CONCLUSION In conclusion, this study provides valuable insights into the genotypic diversity and antifungal susceptibility of T. tonsurans isolates causing TG in Iranian wrestlers. The presence of multiple NTS types and varying susceptibility patterns highlights the complexity of T. tonsurans infections in this population. Further research is warranted to track the transmission routes and genetic evolution of T. tonsurans strains among wrestlers and develop effective control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Faeli
- Invasive Fungi Research Centre (IFRC), Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Firoozeh Kermani
- Infectious Disease and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Ali Rezaei-Matehkolaei
- Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Macit Ilkit
- Division of Mycology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cukurova, Adana
| | - Reza Valadan
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Seyed Abdollah Hosseini
- Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Javad Javidnia
- Invasive Fungi Research Centre (IFRC), Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Sabah Mayahi
- Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Tahereh Shokohi
- Invasive Fungi Research Centre (IFRC), Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mahdi Abastabar
- Invasive Fungi Research Centre (IFRC), Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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Wang Q, Chen W, Wan Z, Liu W. Clonal Outbreak of Trichophyton tonsurans Causing Tinea Capitis Among a Wrestling Team in Beijing, China. Mycopathologia 2023; 188:537-544. [PMID: 36401108 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-022-00689-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Trichophyton tonsurans mostly causes tinea capitis and tinea corporis and often associates with outbreaks among combat sports athletes. Here, we report an outbreak of tinea capitis caused by T. tonsurans among five juvenile athletes in a wrestling team in Beijing, China. Scrapings from the lesions of the five patients were performed by direct microscopic examination and fungal culture. The fungal pathogens were all identified as T. tonsurans by morphology and sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions. Multilocus genotyping analysis was performed by sequencing of 13 gene loci. The sequences of these markers were identical among the five isolates, revealing a single genotype. Antifungal susceptibilities of terbinafine, itraconazole, fluconazole, ketoconazole, and amphotericin B against T. tonsurans was determined by broth microdilution method according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute M38-A3 document and these isolates were all susceptible to the common antifungal drugs treating tinea capitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiqi Wang
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Peking University First Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Diseases, Research Center for Medical Mycology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Peking University First Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Diseases, Research Center for Medical Mycology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhe Wan
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Peking University First Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Diseases, Research Center for Medical Mycology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Peking University First Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Diseases, Research Center for Medical Mycology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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Cogliati M, Choappa RC, Vieille Oyarzo P, Noguera M. Trichophyton tonsurans in Chile: genotyping in search of an origin. Med Mycol 2021; 60:6468748. [PMID: 34919706 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myab077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Trichophyton tonsurans is a cosmopolitan dermatophyte, highly prevalent in Africa, South America, and endemic in North America, where it is mostly related to cases of tinea capitis. Recently, it was also reported in Chile for the first time in two outbreaks occurred in Santiago. In the present study we sequenced the variable internal repeat (VIR) region of a Chilean isolate and compared its genotype with those of several global T. tonsurans isolates. The results showed that the Chilean isolate presented a new genotype which was strictly correlated with isolates from Europe, USA and Mexico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Cogliati
- Medical Mycology Laboratory, Dept. Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Rodrigo Cruz Choappa
- Centro de Diagnóstico e investigación de enfermedades infecciosas. Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaiso, Chile
| | - Peggy Vieille Oyarzo
- Centro de Diagnóstico e investigación de enfermedades infecciosas. Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaiso, Chile
| | - Mellisa Noguera
- Centro de Diagnóstico e investigación de enfermedades infecciosas. Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaiso, Chile
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Ramaraj V, Vijayaraman RS, Hemanth V, Rangarajan S, Kindo AJ. Molecular strain typing of Trichophyton mentagrophytes ( T. mentagrophytes var. interdigitale) using non-transcribed spacer region as a molecular marker. Indian J Med Res 2018; 146:636-641. [PMID: 29512606 PMCID: PMC5861475 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_51_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & objectives: Dermatophytes are keratinophilic fungi that infect keratinized tissues of human and animal origin. Trichophyton mentagrophytes is considered to be a species complex composed of several strains, which include both anthropophiles and zoophiles. Accurate discrimination is critical for comprehensive understanding of the clinical and epidemiological implications of the genetic heterogeneity of this complex. Molecular strain typing renders an effective way to discriminate each strain. The objective of the study was to characterize T. mentagrophytes clinical isolates to sub-species level using molecular techniques and non-transcribed spacer (NTS) region as marker. Methods: Sixty four T. mentagrophytes clinical isolates were identified by phenotypic methods. These were subjected to polymerase chain reaction targeting three sub-repeat elements (SREs), TmiS0, TmiS1 and TmiS2 of the NTS region. Sequence analysis of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of different types was also done. Results: Strain-specific polymorphism was observed in all three loci. Totally, 13 different PCR types were obtained on combining all the three SREs loci. No variation was observed in the ITS region. Interpretation & conclusions: The study described the usefulness of molecular strain typing technique for the discrimination of the T. mentagrophytes isolates. This will help for the future explorations into the epidemiology of T. mentagrophytes and its complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijayakumar Ramaraj
- Department of Microbiology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College & Research Institute, Sri Ramachandra University, Chennai, India
| | - Rajyoganandh S Vijayaraman
- Department of Microbiology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College & Research Institute, Sri Ramachandra University, Chennai, India
| | - Veena Hemanth
- Department of Microbiology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College & Research Institute, Sri Ramachandra University, Chennai, India
| | - Sudha Rangarajan
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology & Leprosy, Sri Ramachandra Medical College & Research Institute, Sri Ramachandra University, Chennai, India
| | - Anupma Jyoti Kindo
- Department of Microbiology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College & Research Institute, Sri Ramachandra University, Chennai, India
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Sakata Y, Ushigami T, Anzawa K, Mochizuki T. Molecular Epidemiology of Trichophyton tonsurans, the Causative Dermatophyte of the Tinea Gladiatorum Epidemic in Japan between 2011 and 2015. Jpn J Infect Dis 2018; 71:140-144. [DOI: 10.7883/yoken.jjid.2017.449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Sakata
- Department of Dermatology, Kanazawa Medical University
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Mochizuki T, Takeda K, Anzawa K. Molecular Markers Useful for Intraspecies Subtyping and Strain Differentiation of Dermatophytes. Mycopathologia 2016; 182:57-65. [PMID: 27456819 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-016-0041-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Dermatophytosis is a very common skin disorder and the most frequent infection encountered by practicing dermatologists. The identification, pathogenicity, biology, and epidemiology of dermatophytes, the causative agents of dermatophytosis, are of interest for both dermatologists and medical mycologists. Recent advances in molecular methods have provided new techniques for identifying dermatophytes, including intraspecies variations. Intraspecies subtyping and strain differentiation have made possible the tracking of infections, the identification of common sources of infections, recurrence or reinfection after treatment, and analysis of strain virulence and drug resistance. This review describes molecular methods of intraspecies subtyping and strain differentiation, including analyses of mitochondrial DNA and non-transcribed spacer regions of ribosomal RNA genes, random amplification of polymorphic DNA, and microsatellite markers, along with their advantages and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Mochizuki
- Department of Dermatology, Kanazawa Medical University, Daigaku 1-1, Uchinada, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan.
| | - Kiminobu Takeda
- Department of Dermatology, Kanazawa Medical University, Daigaku 1-1, Uchinada, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
| | - Kazushi Anzawa
- Department of Dermatology, Kanazawa Medical University, Daigaku 1-1, Uchinada, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
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Hiruma J, Okubo M, Kano R, Kumagawa M, Hiruma M, Hasegawa A, Kamata H, Tsuboi R. Mating Type Gene (MAT) and Itraconazole Susceptibility of Trichophyton tonsurans Strains Isolated in Japan. Mycopathologia 2016; 181:441-4. [PMID: 26762628 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-015-9980-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Infection by Trichophyton tonsurans is an emerging fungal epidemic in Japan. Itraconazole (ITZ) and terbinafine have been used for the treatment of this infection for 15 years. However, patients with T. tonsurans infections have been shown to remain uncured or to become reinfected, suggesting that subclinical infection or polyphyletic strains and/or antifungal drug-resistant strains might be occurring in Japan. In this study, PCR analysis was performed to confirm the presence of the mating type locus MAT in genomic DNA from 60 Japanese clinical isolates of T. tonsurans, and to assess the previously postulated clonal origin of clinical isolates of this species. Antifungal susceptibility testing on isolates also was performed to confirm the absence of strains resistant to ITZ. PCR analysis proved that all 60 strains contained the MAT1-1 allele, while none contained the MAT1-2 allele. As determined by E-test, the mean MIC of ITZ in the 60 strains was 0.023 mg/L (range 0.002-0.125 mg/L). All strains of T. tonsurans isolated in Japan were clonal and were not resistant to ITZ. Therefore, dermatophytosis due to T. tonsurans is expected to respond to ITZ, since clinical isolates of T. tonsurans tested to date have been susceptible to this antifungal. This infection is proliferating as a subclinical infection in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junichiro Hiruma
- Department of Dermatology, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan
| | - Miki Okubo
- Department of Pathobiology, Nihon University School of Veterinary Medicine, 1866, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan
| | - Rui Kano
- Department of Pathobiology, Nihon University School of Veterinary Medicine, 1866, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan. .,Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Nihon University College of Bioresource Sciences, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan.
| | - Mai Kumagawa
- Department of Pathobiology, Nihon University School of Veterinary Medicine, 1866, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan
| | - Masataro Hiruma
- Ochanomizu Institute for Medical Mycology and Allergology, Nakamura Bldg. 2F, 2-12-4 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Atsuhiko Hasegawa
- Teikyo University Institute of Medical Mycology, 359 Otsuka, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0395, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kamata
- Department of Pathobiology, Nihon University School of Veterinary Medicine, 1866, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan
| | - Ryoji Tsuboi
- Department of Dermatology, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan
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Hiruma J, Ogawa Y, Hiruma M. Trichophyton tonsuransinfection in Japan: Epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis and infection control. J Dermatol 2015; 42:245-9. [DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.12678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junichiro Hiruma
- Department of Dermatology; Tokyo Medical University; Tokyo Japan
| | - Yumi Ogawa
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology; Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine; Tokyo Japan
| | - Masataro Hiruma
- Ochanomizu Institute for Medical Mycology and Allergology; Tokyo Japan
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9
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Mochizuki T, Takeda K, Anzawa K. Molecular markers useful for epidemiology of dermatophytoses. J Dermatol 2015; 42:232-5. [DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.12813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Mochizuki
- Department of Dermatology; Research Institute of Medical Science; Kanazawa Medical University; Uchinada Ishikawa Japan
- Division of Dermatomycology; Research Institute of Medical Science; Kanazawa Medical University; Uchinada Ishikawa Japan
| | - Kiminobu Takeda
- Department of Dermatology; Research Institute of Medical Science; Kanazawa Medical University; Uchinada Ishikawa Japan
| | - Kazushi Anzawa
- Department of Dermatology; Research Institute of Medical Science; Kanazawa Medical University; Uchinada Ishikawa Japan
- Division of Dermatomycology; Research Institute of Medical Science; Kanazawa Medical University; Uchinada Ishikawa Japan
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Cafarchia C, Iatta R, Latrofa MS, Gräser Y, Otranto D. Molecular epidemiology, phylogeny and evolution of dermatophytes. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2013; 20:336-51. [PMID: 24060735 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2013.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Revised: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Dermatophytes are fungi that invade and propagate in the keratinized skin of mammals, including humans, often causing contagious infections. The species of medical concern belong to the genera Microsporum, Trichophyton, Epidermophyton (in their anamorphic state) and Arthroderma (in their telomorphic state), which were traditionally identified based on their morphology and biochemical characters. Nonetheless, limitations linked to the differentiation of closely related agents at species and strains level have been recently overcome by molecular studies. Indeed, an accurate identification of dermatophytes is pivotal for the establishment of effective control and prevention programs as well as for determining the most appropriate and effective antifungal therapies to be applied. This article reviews the DNA techniques and the molecular markers used to identify and to characterize dermatophyte species, as well as aspects of their phylogeny and evolution. The applications of typing molecular strain to both basic and applied research (e.g., taxonomy, ecology, typing of infection, antifungal susceptibility) have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Cafarchia
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università di Bari, Str. prov. le per Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano, Bari, Italy.
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Abstract
CONTEXT Old, evolving, and new infectious agents continually threaten the participation of competitors in sports. OBJECTIVE To provide an update of the medical literature on infectious disease outbreaks in sport for the last 5 years (May 2005-November 2010). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) A total of 21 outbreaks or clusters were identified. RESULTS Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (n = 7, 33%; mainly community acquired) and tinea (trichophytosis: n = 6, 29%) were the most common pathogens responsible for outbreaks. Skin and soft tissue was the most common site of infection (n = 15, 71%). CONCLUSIONS The majority of outbreaks reported occurred in close-contact sports, mainly combat sports (ie, wrestling, judo) and American football. Twelve outbreaks (57%) involved high school or collegiate competitors. Common community outbreak pathogens, such as influenza virus and norovirus, have received little attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathal James Collins
- Central Pathology Laboratory, Trinity College Dublin, St. James's Dublin, 8, Ireland.
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HIRUMA MASATARO. EPIDEMIOLOGY, DIAGNOSIS, AND MANAGEMENT OF Trichophyton tonsurans INFECTION IN JAPAN. JUNTENDO IJI ZASSHI 2013. [DOI: 10.14789/jmj.59.246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- MASATARO HIRUMA
- DEPARTMENT OF DERMATOLOGY & ALLERGOLOGY, JUNTENDO UNIVERSITY NERIMA HOSPITAL
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Sugita T, Takashima M. Recent trend of taxonomy and identification in pathogenic yeasts. Med Mycol J 2011; 52:107-15. [PMID: 21788722 DOI: 10.3314/jjmm.52.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Sugita
- Department of Microbiology, Meiji Pharmaceutical University
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14
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Mekha N, Sugita T, Makimura K, Poonwan N, Sawanpanyalert P, Ikeda R, Nishikawa A. The intergenic spacer region of the ribosomal RNA gene of Penicillium marneffei shows almost no DNA sequence diversity. Microbiol Immunol 2010; 54:714-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.2010.00270.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Wakasa A, Anzawa K, Kawasaki M, Mochizuki T. Molecular typing of Trichophyton mentagrophytes var. interdigitale isolated in a university hospital in Japan based on the non-transcribed spacer region of the ribosomal RNA gene. J Dermatol 2010; 37:431-40. [PMID: 20536648 DOI: 10.1111/j.1346-8138.2010.00809.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Detecting intraspecies polymorphisms in fungi causing dermatophytoses is important in elucidating routes of infection and determining whether Tinea recurrence is caused by exacerbation or re-infection. In fungi, the non-transcribed spacer region (NTS) of the ribosomal RNA gene shows the greatest accumulation of base sequence mutations. We therefore assessed NTS sequences in 64 clinical isolates of Trichophyton mentagrophytes var. interdigitale, the second most common species of dermatophytes in Japan. These isolates were among the clinical isolates of dermatophytes in the Department of Dermatology, Kanazawa Medical University Hospital in 2006 and were obtained by morphological and molecular biological identification methods. DNA was extracted from each isolate, as well as from one isolate maintained in our department, to detect length polymorphisms at each of three variable loci, TmiS0, TmiS1 and TmiS2, of the NTS for subtyping. We observed seven patterns for TmiS0, six patterns for TmiS1 and three patterns for TmiS2. The combinations of these patterns enabled us to classify the 65 isolates into 15 types. The most prevalent, constituted 46% (30/65) of all isolates. Eleven types were new combinations, whereas the other four were previously described. These results suggest that this method may be used to determine the molecular epidemiology of T. mentagrophytes var. interdigitale in Japan, because it generated results rapidly and in a sensitive manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asako Wakasa
- Department of Dermatology, Kanazawa Medical University, Kahoku-gun, Ishikawa, Japan.
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Abdel-Rahman SM. Trichophyton tonsurans: the need for enhanced infection control measures in the pediatric population. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.2217/phe.10.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susan M Abdel-Rahman
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology & Medical Toxicology, The Children’s Mercy Hospitals & Clinics, 2401 Gillham Road, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA and Department of Pediatrics, University of Missouri-Kansas City, School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO, USA
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17
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Zhu M, Li L, Wang J, Zhang C, Kang K, Zhang Q. Tinea Capitis in Southeastern China: A 16-Year Survey. Mycopathologia 2009; 169:235-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s11046-009-9260-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2009] [Accepted: 11/10/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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18
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Abdel-Rahman SM, Sugita T, González GM, Ellis D, Arabatzis M, Vella-Zahra L, Viguié-Vallanet C, Hiruma M, Leeder JS, Preuett B. Divergence Among an International Population of Trichophyton tonsurans Isolates. Mycopathologia 2009; 169:1-13. [DOI: 10.1007/s11046-009-9223-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2009] [Accepted: 06/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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19
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Shinoda H, Nishimoto K, Mochizuki T. [Screening examination of Trichophyton tonsurans among Judo practitioners at the All Japan Inter High School Championships, Saga 2007]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 49:305-9. [PMID: 19001758 DOI: 10.3314/jjmm.49.305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents the results of an examination for Trichophyton tonsurans(T. tonsurans)performed by the hairbrush (HB; 90 bristles)method at the All Japan Inter High School Championships, Saga 2007. Samples were taken from 487 Judo practitioners (265 males and 222 females) out of a total of 951. The areas with the highest positive rates were: Kyushu 21%(15 participants out of 73 sampled), Tohoku 17% (13 out of 77), Kinki 16% (14 out of 89), and Chubu 13% (12 out of 89). Four participants from Kyushu, four from Tohoku, two from Kinki, and two from Chubu were strongly positive carriers, their samples developing more than 30 colonies per dish. This finding is in concordance with the high HB-positive rates in these areas. The results of a questionnaire distributed during sampling showed that 90% of the examinees had heard of T. tonsurans infection, 11% had been sampled by the HB method previously, and 37% declined to receive the results of the medical examination. The low percentage of participants who had experienced a HB sampling before could be explained by the insufficient penetration of this test among dermatologists, as well as by the fact that team trainers are reluctant to expose their athletes to sampling. Although trainers' education concerning T. tonsurans is also an important factor, we strongly recommend that dermatologists take the initiative to perform medical examinations such as HB sampling in schools or at other public organizations. As for the reason why so many practitioners refused to be informed about the diagnosis, many of them mentioned being afraid that it might be overheard by trainers or fellow practitioners. It can be easily inferred that this type of concern leads Judo practitioners to avoid participation in sampling. Therefore, we concluded that substantial care to protect personal information is essential when communicating the results of the examination.
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Yang X, Sugita T, Takashima M, Hiruma M, Li R, Sudo H, Ogawa H, Ikeda S. Differentiation of Trichophyton rubrum clinical isolates from Japanese and Chinese patients by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA and DNA sequence analysis of the non-transcribed spacer region of the rRNA gene. J Dermatol Sci 2009; 54:38-42. [PMID: 19162448 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2008.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2008] [Revised: 11/07/2008] [Accepted: 12/07/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trichophyton rubrum is the most common pathogen causing dermatophytosis worldwide. Recent genetic investigations showed that the microorganism originated in Africa and then spread to Europe and North America via Asia. OBJECTS We investigated the intraspecific diversity of T. rubrum isolated from two closely located Asian countries, Japan and China. METHODS A total of 150 clinical isolates of T. rubrum obtained from Japanese and Chinese patients were analyzed by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and DNA sequence analysis of the non-transcribed spacer (NTS) region in the rRNA gene. RESULTS RAPD analysis divided the 150 strains into two major clusters, A and B. Of the Japanese isolates, 30% belonged to cluster A and 70% belonged to cluster B, whereas 91% of the Chinese isolates were in cluster A. The NTS region of the rRNA gene was divided into four major groups (I-IV) based on DNA sequencing. The majority of Japanese isolates were type IV (51%), and the majority of Chinese isolates were type III (75%). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that although Japan and China are neighboring countries, the origins of T. rubrum isolates from these countries may not be identical. These findings provide information useful for tracing the global transmission routes of T. rubrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiumin Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
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Generating and testing molecular hypotheses in the dermatophytes. EUKARYOTIC CELL 2008; 7:1238-45. [PMID: 18539886 DOI: 10.1128/ec.00100-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Kanbe T. Molecular Approaches in the Diagnosis of Dermatophytosis. Mycopathologia 2008; 166:307-17. [DOI: 10.1007/s11046-008-9107-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2007] [Revised: 01/15/2008] [Accepted: 01/30/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Abdel-Rahman SM. Strain Differentiation of Dermatophytes. Mycopathologia 2008; 166:319-33. [DOI: 10.1007/s11046-008-9108-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2007] [Revised: 01/15/2008] [Accepted: 01/30/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Shiraki Y, Hiruma M, Sugita T, Ikeda S. Assessment of the Treatment Protocol Described in the Guidelines for Trichophyton tonsurans Infection. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 49:27-31. [DOI: 10.3314/jjmm.49.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Abdel-Rahman SM, Talib N, Solidar A, Jo Nopper A, Wyckoff GJ. ExaminingTrichophyton tonsuransgenotype and biochemical phenotype as determinants of disease severity in tinea capitis. Med Mycol 2008; 46:217-23. [DOI: 10.1080/13693780701787840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Abdel-Rahman SM, Preuett B, Gaedigk A. Multilocus genotyping identifies infections by multiple strains of Trichophyton tonsurans. J Clin Microbiol 2007; 45:1949-53. [PMID: 17442802 PMCID: PMC1933046 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.02610-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Acquisition of multiple genetic strains of a single dermatophyte species should not be unexpected in areas of high endemicity, and yet multistrain infections are infrequently reported. This communication details mixed Trichophyton tonsurans infections and highlights the need to confirm the presence of multiple strains in a clinical single isolate by use of a multilocus approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan M Abdel-Rahman
- Division of Pediatric Clinical Pharmacology and Medical Toxicology, The Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA.
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