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Riaz MS, Kaur A, Shwayat SN, Behboudi S, Kishore U, Pathan AA. Dissecting the Mechanism of Intracellular Mycobacterium smegmatis Growth Inhibition by Platelet Activating Factor C-16. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1046. [PMID: 32587578 PMCID: PMC7297918 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) infection results in approximately 1.3 million human deaths each year. M.tb resides primarily inside macrophages, and maintains persistent infection. In response to infection and inflammation, platelet activating factor C-16 (PAF C-16), a phospholipid compound, is released by various cells including neutophils and monocytes. We have recently shown that PAF C-16 can directly inhibit the growth of two representative non-pathogenic mycobacteria, Mycobacterium bovis BCG and Mycobacterium smegmatis (M. smegmatis), by damaging the bacterial cell membrane. Here, we have examined the effect of PAF C-16 on M. smegmatis residing within macrophages, and identified mechanisms involved in their growth inhibitory function. Our results demonstrated that exogenous PAF C-16 inhibited the growth of M. smegmatis inside phagocytic cells of monocytic cell line, THP-1; this effect was partially blocked by PAF receptor antagonists, suggesting the involvement of PAF receptor-mediated signaling pathways. Arachidonic acid, a downstream metabolite of PAF C-16 signaling pathway, directly inhibited the growth of M. smegmatis in vitro. Moreover, the inhibition of phospholipase C and phospholipase A2 activities, involved in PAF C-16 signaling pathway, increased survival of intracellular M. smegmatis. Interestingly, we also observed that inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) enzyme and antibody-mediated neutralization of TNF-α partially mitigated the intracellular growth inhibitory effect of PAF C-16. Use of a number of PAF C-16 structural analogs, including Lyso-PAF, 2-O-methyl PAF, PAF C-18 and Hexanolamino PAF, revealed that the presence of acetyl group (CH3CO) at sn-2 position of the glycerol backbone of PAF is important for the intracellular growth inhibition activity against M. smegmatis. Taken together, these results suggest that exogenous PAF C-16 treatment inhibits intracellular M. smegmatis growth, at least partially, in a nitric oxide and TNF-α dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Suleman Riaz
- Division of Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom.,Department of Biotechnology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Anuvinder Kaur
- Division of Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
| | - Suha Nadim Shwayat
- Division of Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
| | - Shahriar Behboudi
- The Pirbright Institute, Woking, United Kingdom.,School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Uday Kishore
- Division of Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ansar Ahmed Pathan
- Division of Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
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Nancy Hilda J, Das S. Neutrophil CD64, TLR2 and TLR4 expression increases but phagocytic potential decreases during tuberculosis. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2018; 111:135-142. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2018.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains modify granular enzyme secretion and apoptosis of human neutrophils. Mol Immunol 2015; 68:325-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2015.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Hilda JN, Das SD. TLR stimulation of human neutrophils lead to increased release of MCP-1, MIP-1α, IL-1β, IL-8 and TNF during tuberculosis. Hum Immunol 2015; 77:63-67. [PMID: 26472013 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2015.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils inform and shape immune responses. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play an essential part in the perception of microbes and shape the complex host responses that occur during infection. The TLRs present on neutrophils play an indispensable role in neutrophil mediated pathogen recognition and elimination. This study was done to identify the role of significant TLRs in immune responses leading to differences in cytokine/chemokine release following stimulation. We evaluated the concentrations of various significant cytokines (IL-1β, TNF, MIP-1α, MCP-1 and IL-8) secreted by neutrophils from healthy donors and pulmonary tuberculosis patients following TLR ligand stimulation. TLR stimulation increased the release of such cytokines in both the groups. Thus it is noted that TLR stimulation of neutrophils definitely lead to increased cytokine response. Also, the release of all the studied cytokines are found to be greatly increased in patient neutrophils, affirming that neutrophils undergo secretory level modifications during tuberculosis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Nancy Hilda
- Dept of Immunology, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chetput, Chennai 600031, India
| | - Sulochana D Das
- Dept of Immunology, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chetput, Chennai 600031, India.
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Devasundaram S, Khan I, Kumar N, Das S, Raja A. The influence of reduced oxygen availability on gene expression in laboratory (H37Rv) and clinical strains (S7 and S10) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Biotechnol 2015; 210:70-80. [PMID: 26001906 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2015.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Revised: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis has the ability to persist within the host in a dormant stage. One important condition believed to contribute to dormancy is reduced access to oxygen known as hypoxia. However, the response of M. tuberculosis to such hypoxia condition is not fully characterized. Virtually all dormant models against tuberculosis tested in animals used laboratory strain H37Rv or Erdman strain. But major outbreaks of tuberculosis (TB) occur with the strains that have widely different genotypes and phenotypes compared to H37Rv. In this study, we used a custom oligonucleotide microarray to determine the overall transcriptional response of laboratory strain (H37Rv) and most prevalent clinical strains (S7 and S10) of M. tuberculosis from South India to hypoxia. Analysis of microarray results revealed that a total of 1161 genes were differentially regulated (≥1.5 fold change) in H37Rv, among them 659 genes upregulated and 502 genes down regulated. Microarray data of clinical isolates showed that a total of 790 genes were differentially regulated in S7 among which 453 genes were upregulated and 337 down regulated. Interestingly, numerous genes were also differentially regulated in S10 (total 2805 genes) of which 1463 genes upregulated and 1342 genes down regulated during reduced oxygen condition (Wayne's model). One hundred and thirty-four genes were found common and upregulated among all three strains (H37Rv, S7, and S10) and can be targeted for drug/vaccine development against TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santhi Devasundaram
- Department of Immunology, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis (ICMR), (Formerly Tuberculosis Research Centre), No. 1, Mayor Sathiyamoorthy Road, Chetpet, Chennai 600 031, India
| | - Imran Khan
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics Biological Sciences Building, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
| | - Neeraj Kumar
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics Biological Sciences Building, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
| | - Sulochana Das
- Department of Immunology, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis (ICMR), (Formerly Tuberculosis Research Centre), No. 1, Mayor Sathiyamoorthy Road, Chetpet, Chennai 600 031, India
| | - Alamelu Raja
- Department of Immunology, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis (ICMR), (Formerly Tuberculosis Research Centre), No. 1, Mayor Sathiyamoorthy Road, Chetpet, Chennai 600 031, India.
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Hilda JN, Narasimhan M, Das SD. Neutrophils from pulmonary tuberculosis patients show augmented levels of chemokines MIP-1α, IL-8 and MCP-1 which further increase upon in vitro infection with mycobacterial strains. Hum Immunol 2014; 75:914-22. [PMID: 24994463 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2014.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Revised: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophils being innate cells initiate the immune defence against mycobacteria by sending signals to other immune cells. Chemokines being the vital link in signaling processes, it is of interest to study their secretion by neutrophils as a response to tuberculosis infection. The levels of various chemokines (MIP-1α, MCP-1, IL-8 and IP-10) and chemokine receptors (CXCR1, CXCR2 and CCR1) in neutrophils from healthy individuals and pulmonary tuberculosis patients were studied following infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains (clinical--S7 and S10 and laboratory--H37Rv). The release of MIP-1α, IL-8 and MCP-1 is found to be greatly increased in patient neutrophils. Mycobacterial strains differentially influenced neutrophils affecting the release of chemokines to different extent. H37Rv significantly increased the release of MIP-1α and IL-8 in both normals and tuberculosis patients, while S10 up regulated only the release of MIP-1α in patients. Thus, during tuberculosis, neutrophils undergo functional alteration to combat infection. While H37Rv is greatly recognized by neutrophils and triggers the release of chemokines, clinical strains by some means try to suppress immune activation of neutrophils in their favor.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Nancy Hilda
- Department of Immunology, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chetput, Chennai 600031, India
| | | | - Sulochana D Das
- Department of Immunology, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chetput, Chennai 600031, India.
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Chakraborty P, Kulkarni S, Rajan R, Sainis K. Drug resistant clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from different genotypes exhibit differential host responses in THP-1 cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e62966. [PMID: 23667550 PMCID: PMC3646887 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) persistently infects and survives within the host macrophages. Substantial genotypic variation exists among MTB strains which correlate with their interactions with the host. The present study was designed to establish a correlation, if any, between infection and induction of innate immune response by genetically diverse drug resistant MTB isolates from India. For this purpose, three clinical isolates from ancient and modern lineages, along with H37Ra and H37Rv were evaluated for intracellular growth, phagocytic index, induction of proinflammatory cytokines and apoptosis following infection in THP-1 cell line. A wide variation in the induction of cytokines was revealed subsequent to infection with different strains. EAI-5 strain from ancient lineage 1, induced higher proinflammatory responses, higher apoptosis and moderate intracellular growth compared to other strains, in contrast, for Beijing strain of modern lineage 2, all three parameters were lowest among the clinical isolates. Further, the responses induced by LAM-6 from modern lineage 4 were at a moderate level, similar to the laboratory strain H37Rv which also belongs to lineage 4. Thus, these profiles were specific to their respective lineages and/or genotypes and independent of their drug resistance status. Further, a positive correlation, among TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-12 induced in infected THP-1 cells was demonstrated. In addition, induction of all pro-inflammatory cytokines correlated well with the host cell apoptosis. A positive correlation was observed between phagocytic index in the category of ‘>10 bacilli/cell’ and induction of apoptosis, only for virulent strains, indicating that initial accumulation of MTB strains inside the host cell may be an important determining factor for different innate responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pampi Chakraborty
- Radiation Medicine Centre, Bio-Medical Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Savita Kulkarni
- Radiation Medicine Centre, Bio-Medical Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
- * E-mail:
| | - Ramakrishna Rajan
- Radiation Medicine Centre, Bio-Medical Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Krishna Sainis
- Radiation Medicine Centre, Bio-Medical Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
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Reyes AM, Hugo M, Trostchansky A, Capece L, Radi R, Trujillo M. Oxidizing substrate specificity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis alkyl hydroperoxide reductase E: kinetics and mechanisms of oxidation and overoxidation. Free Radic Biol Med 2011; 51:464-73. [PMID: 21571062 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2010] [Revised: 04/07/2011] [Accepted: 04/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Alkyl hydroperoxide reductase E (AhpE), a novel subgroup of the peroxiredoxin family, comprises Mycobacterium tuberculosis AhpE (MtAhpE) and AhpE-like proteins present in many bacteria and archaea, for which functional characterization is scarce. We previously reported that MtAhpE reacted ~10(3) times faster with peroxynitrite than with hydrogen peroxide, but the molecular reasons for that remained unknown. Herein, we investigated the oxidizing substrate specificity and the oxidative inactivation of the enzyme. In most cases, both peroxidatic thiol oxidation and sulfenic acid overoxidation followed a trend in which those peroxides with the lower leaving-group pK(a) reacted faster than others. These data are in agreement with the accepted mechanisms of thiol oxidation and support that overoxidation occurs through sulfenate anion reaction with the protonated peroxide. However, MtAhpE oxidation and overoxidation by fatty acid-derived hydroperoxides (~10(8) and 10(5) M(-1) s(-1), respectively, at pH 7.4 and 25°C) were much faster than expected according to the Brønsted relationship with leaving-group pK(a). A stoichiometric reduction of the arachidonic acid hydroperoxide 15-HpETE to its corresponding alcohol was confirmed. Interactions of fatty acid hydroperoxides with a hydrophobic groove present on the reduced MtAhpE surface could be the basis of their surprisingly fast reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aníbal M Reyes
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad de la República, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay
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Zhang J, Sun B, Huang Y, Kouadir M, Zhou X, Wang Y, Zhao D. IFN-γpromotes THP-1 cell apoptosis during early infection withMycobacterium bovisby activating different apoptotic signaling. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 60:191-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-695x.2010.00732.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Rajavelu P, Das SD. Kinetics of chemokine secretion in human macrophages infected with various strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Indian J Med Microbiol 2010; 28:201-6. [PMID: 20644306 DOI: 10.4103/0255-0857.66470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE It has been shown that chemokine secretion upon infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis is influenced by the virulence of the strain, and it is suggested that virulence-associated differences in chemokine secretion contribute to the failure in containing the infection due to poor granuloma formation. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, we used prevalent M tuberculosis clinical strains (S7 and S10) to study the chemokine secretion profile in infected THP-1 cells and monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) and compared this with the chemokine secretion induced by laboratory strains. RESULTS This study showed that comparatively lower levels of IP-10 were induced by clinical strains than by laboratory strains in both differentiated THP-1 and MDMs. The secretion of MIP-1alpha was also depressed but only in the THP-1 cells infected with clinical strains. This depressed chemokine secretion may hinder the movement of Th-1 cells from the periphery into the infection foci to control the infection. Correlation between IP-10 and IL-12p40 showed a negative relationship in control MDMs, while there was a positive correlation in all the infected strains, indicating their cooperative role in attracting and activating Th1 cells for a protective immune response at the site. This relationship was strain dependent, with avirulent H37Ra showing higher correlation, followed by the clinical strains and the virulent H37Rv. A positive correlation of IP-10 with IFN-gamma (S7 and H37Ra) and with IL-10 (H37Ra and H37Rv) suggested a definitive interplay of these molecules in infection. CONCLUSIONS The chemokines secretion by infected THP-1 cells and MDMs was strain dependant and the lower induction by the clinical strains may indicate that the clinical strains maintain a quiescent nature to mislead the host immune system for their benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Rajavelu
- Department of Immunology, Tuberculosis Research Centre ICMR, Chennai 600031, India
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Cutting SM, Hong HA, Baccigalupi L, Ricca E. Oral vaccine delivery by recombinant spore probiotics. Int Rev Immunol 2010; 28:487-505. [PMID: 19954360 DOI: 10.3109/08830180903215605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Over the past few decades, advancements in molecular and cell biology have allowed scientists to identify a large number of new antigens from a variety of viral and bacterial pathogens. However, successful development of these antigens into effective vaccines strongly relies on delivery systems able to avoid the rapid loss of biological activity that often impairs antigen efficacy. Various delivery systems have been proposed as alternative vaccine vehicles, from live microorganisms to nanoparticles, and all of them have shown advantages but also drawbacks. The bacterial spore is a quiescent cell form that, as a vaccine vehicle, may conjugate some advantages of live microorganisms with those of synthetic nanoparticles and that has recently been proposed as a potentially powerful tool to deliver antigens to mucosal surfaces. Here we review the use of bacterial spores as a delivery system for mucosal immunizations. We will first analyze the nature of the interaction between wild type spores and the gut-associated lymphoid tissue and then address the immune responses that are induced by oral immunizations with recombinant spores displaying heterologous antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon M Cutting
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, UK
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Chibucos MC, Collmer CW, Torto-Alalibo T, Gwinn-Giglio M, Lindeberg M, Li D, Tyler BM. Programmed cell death in host-symbiont associations, viewed through the Gene Ontology. BMC Microbiol 2009; 9 Suppl 1:S5. [PMID: 19278553 PMCID: PMC2654665 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-9-s1-s5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Manipulation of programmed cell death (PCD) is central to many host microbe interactions. Both plant and animal cells use PCD as a powerful weapon against biotrophic pathogens, including viruses, which draw their nutrition from living tissue. Thus, diverse biotrophic pathogens have evolved many mechanisms to suppress programmed cell death, and mutualistic and commensal microbes may employ similar mechanisms. Necrotrophic pathogens derive their nutrition from dead tissue, and many produce toxins specifically to trigger programmed cell death in their hosts. Hemibiotrophic pathogens manipulate PCD in a most exquisite way, suppressing PCD during the biotrophic phase and stimulating it during the necrotrophic phase. This mini-review will summarize the mechanisms that have evolved in diverse microbes and hosts for controlling PCD and the Gene Ontology terms developed by the Plant-Associated Microbe Gene Ontology (PAMGO) Consortium for describing those mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus C Chibucos
- Virginia Bioinformatics Institute, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
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Ceragioli M, Cangiano G, Esin S, Ghelardi E, Ricca E, Senesi S. Phagocytosis, germination and killing of Bacillus subtilis spores presenting heterologous antigens in human macrophages. Microbiology (Reading) 2009; 155:338-346. [DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.022939-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacillus subtilis is a Gram-positive spore-bearing bacterium long used as a probiotic product and more recently regarded as an attractive vehicle for delivering heterologous antigens to be used for mucosal vaccination. This report describes the in vitro interaction between human macrophages and B. subtilis spores displaying the tetanus toxin fragment C or the B subunit of the heat-labile toxin of Escherichia coli on their surface in comparison to spores of the parental strain. Recombinant and parental B. subtilis spores were similarly internalized by human macrophages, at a frequency lower than 2.5 %. Inside macrophages, nearly all spores germinated and were killed within 6 h. Using germination-defective spores and inhibiting spore germination inside macrophages, evidence was produced that only germinated spores were killed by human macrophages and that intracellular spore germination was mediated by an alanine-dependent pathway. The germinated spores were killed by macrophages before any round of cell duplication, as estimated by fluorescence microscopy analysis of macrophages infected with spores carrying the gfp gene fused to abrB, a B. subtilis gene shown here to be expressed at the transition between outgrowth and vegetative growth. Monitoring of macrophage infection never revealed cytotoxic effects being exerted by B. subtilis spores. These in vitro data support the hypothesis that B. subtilis spores may potentially be used as a suitable and safe vehicle for administering heterologous antigens to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Ceragioli
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Pisa, via San Zeno 35-39, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Cangiano
- Dipartimento di Biologia Strutturale e Funzionale, Università di Napoli Federico II, via Cinthia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Semih Esin
- Dipartimento di Patologia Sperimentale, Biotecnologie Mediche, Infettivologia ed Epidemiologia, Università di Pisa, via San Zeno 35-39, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Emilia Ghelardi
- Dipartimento di Patologia Sperimentale, Biotecnologie Mediche, Infettivologia ed Epidemiologia, Università di Pisa, via San Zeno 35-39, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Ezio Ricca
- Dipartimento di Biologia Strutturale e Funzionale, Università di Napoli Federico II, via Cinthia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Sonia Senesi
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Pisa, via San Zeno 35-39, 56127 Pisa, Italy
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Rajashree P, Das SD. Infection with prevalent clinical strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis leads to differential maturation of monocyte derived dendritic cells. Immunol Lett 2008; 117:174-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2008.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2007] [Revised: 01/22/2008] [Accepted: 01/27/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Yadav AB, Misra A. Enhancement of apoptosis of THP-1 cells infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis by inhalable microparticles and relevance to bactericidal activity. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2007; 51:3740-2. [PMID: 17664326 PMCID: PMC2043254 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00925-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The relevance of apoptosis to killing of intracellular Mycobacterium tuberculosis was studied with phorbol-differentiated THP-1 cells. Microparticles containing isoniazid and rifabutin induced intrinsic apoptosis and bacterial killing equivalent to that with dissolved drugs and maximally enhanced purinergic P2 receptor activity, while drug-free microparticles induced apoptosis via a different mechanism without killing bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awadh Bihari Yadav
- Pharmaceutics Division, Central Drug Research Institute, Chhattar Manzil Palace, Lucknow, India
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