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Fiedor D, Seidlová M. Gambling Patterns Among People from Vietnam and Ukraine Living in the Czech Republic. J Gambl Stud 2022; 38:411-423. [PMID: 34191205 PMCID: PMC8243055 DOI: 10.1007/s10899-021-10049-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In 2019, a questionnaire was conducted among foreigners living in the Czech Republic focused on gambling, in which 110 respondents from Vietnam and 80 respondents from Ukraine answered. Firstly, the Attitudes towards gambling scale (ATGS-8) was used to discover respondents' attitudes to gambling. Secondly, their experience with gambling was examined with the help of the Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI) which allowed, among others, to estimate the level of prevalence of problem gambling in these groups. The methods used allowed us to compare both the Ukrainians to Vietnamese as well as Ukrainians and Vietnamese to Czechs, as similar survey was conducted among the major population of the country in 2017. The overall score of attitudes to gambling is slightly higher for the citizens of Ukraine (17.97) and Vietnam (18.29) compared to the majority. The Vietnamese living in the Czech Republic also have a significantly higher proportion of people in the category of pathological gamblers as based on the PGSI index (Vietnamese 4.2%), whilst the value of this index for Ukrainians (0.7%) is similar to the one of the majority. The analysis of immigrants' gambling behaviour shows that Ukrainians are more like the majority population. The Vietnamese immigrants differ from both the majority population and Ukrainians in terms of attitudes whilst gambling is for them as common problem as alcohol consumption, and an even bigger problem than smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Fiedor
- Department of Sociology, Andragogy and Cultural Anthropology, Palacký University in Olomouc, tř. Svobody 26, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Markéta Seidlová
- Department of Sociology, Andragogy and Cultural Anthropology, Palacký University in Olomouc, tř. Svobody 26, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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2
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Abstract
Abstract
Purpose of Review
This systematic literature review evaluates the potential of gambling monopolies to affect gambling harms. It compares the occurrence of gambling harms in jurisdictions with gambling monopolies to jurisdictions with license-based regimes.
Recent Findings
The review identified 21 publications concerning three gambling-related harm indicators: problem gambling prevalence, total consumption, and the appearance of conflicts of interest. Due to the dearth of literature, concept papers and older publications were also included.
Summary
Results show that there is a paucity of empirical research on the effectiveness of different regulatory regimes in affecting gambling harms. Available research demonstrates that monopolistic regimes appear to perform somewhat better in terms of problem gambling prevalence and total consumption but may also be more prone to conflicts of interest than license-based regimes. Monopolistic configurations also differ between themselves, and issues such as availability, accessibility, product range, scope of preventive work, monitoring, as well as the recognition of the public health approach may better predict the levels of harm in society than the existence of a monopoly.
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3
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Hayer T, Brosowski T, Meyer G. Multi-venue exclusion program and early detection of problem gamblers: what works and what does not? INTERNATIONAL GAMBLING STUDIES 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2020.1766096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Hayer
- Institute of Psychology, Division on Gambling Research, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Tim Brosowski
- Institute of Psychology, Division on Gambling Research, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Gerhard Meyer
- Institute of Psychology, Division on Gambling Research, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
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4
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Meyer G, Kalke J, Hayer T. The impact of supply reductionon the prevalence of gamblingparticipation and disordered gambling behavior: A systematic review. SUCHT 2018. [DOI: 10.1024/0939-5911/a000562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. Background: Current gaming arcade laws in Germany are intended to reduce significantly the number of gambling locations. Aim: The purpose of this paper is to provide a systematic summary and evaluation of the state of research internationally regarding the effects of a reduction in the supply of games of chance on the prevalence of gambling involvement and disordered gambling behavior in the population. Method: A systematic search was made of the databases PsycINFO, Psyindex, Cinahl, Web of Science and Medline using relevant search terms. Results: In total, eight studies were identified that met the criteria for inclusion. The few findings that exist, which are to some extent inconsistent, show that in the period following reduction in supply, there is a decline in participation, in the number of frequent gamblers, in demand for therapy and in the number of problem gamblers. In parallel to this, a few individual studies showed an increase in frequency of participation in other forms of gambling. Conclusions: Possible reasons for the incomplete and inconsistent pattern of findings are discussed and attention is drawn to the limitations of the review. Ultimately, effective prevention should encompass coordinated, broadly based and sustained efforts that cover aspects of both behavioral and situational prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Meyer
- University of Bremen, Institute of Psychology and Cognition Research, Bremen, Germany
| | - Jens Kalke
- University of Hamburg, Center for Interdisciplinary Addiciton Research, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Hayer
- University of Bremen, Institute of Psychology and Cognition Research, Bremen, Germany
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5
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Xouridas S. Gambling on Electronic Gaming Machines in Germany: An Age-Period-Cohort Analysis. INTERNATIONAL GAMBLING STUDIES 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2018.1459776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stergios Xouridas
- Gambling Research Center, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
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6
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Casino Self- and Forced Excluders’ Gambling Behavior Before and After Exclusion. J Gambl Stud 2017; 34:597-615. [DOI: 10.1007/s10899-017-9732-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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7
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Hodgins DC, Petry NM. The world of gambling: the National Gambling Experiences series. Addiction 2016; 111:1516-8. [PMID: 27516394 DOI: 10.1111/add.13445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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8
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Grall-Bronnec M, Caillon J, Humeau E, Perrot B, Remaud M, Guilleux A, Rocher B, Sauvaget A, Bouju G. Gambling among European professional athletes. Prevalence and associated factors. J Addict Dis 2016; 35:278-290. [PMID: 27111296 DOI: 10.1080/10550887.2016.1177807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In Europe, the prevalence of gambling disorders in the general population ranges from 0.15 to 6.6%. Professional athletes are known for having risk factors for addictive behaviors, such as young age or sensation seeking, though no study has yet tried to evaluate the prevalence of gambling and gambling disorders among this specific population. The goals of this study were to estimate the prevalence of gambling, problematic or not, among European professional athletes and to explore the factors that are associated with gambling practice and gambling problems in professional athletes. A self-completion questionnaire was specifically designed for this study. The questionnaires were distributed by European Union athletes to professional ice hockey, rugby, handball, basketball, football, indoor football, volleyball, and cricket teams in Spain, France, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. Socio-demographic variables (age, sex, education, marital and parental status, sport, country of birth, and country of practice), variables linked to gambling (gambling habits, screening of gambling problems with the Lie/Bet questionnaire, and gambling related cognitions), and impulsive behavior data (urgency, premeditation, perseverance, and sensation seeking [UPPS]-Short Form questionnaire) were gathered. There were 1,236 questionnaires filled out. The percentage of professional athletes that had gambled at least once during the previous year was 56.6%. The prevalence of problem gambling, current or past, was 8.2%. A certain number of variables were associated with the gambling status. In particular, betting on one's own team (OR = 4.1, CI95% [1.5-11.5]), betting online (OR = 2.9, CI95% [1.6-5.4]), gambling regularly (OR = 4.0, CI95% [2.1-7.6]), and having a high positive urgency score (OR = 1.5, CI95% [1.3-1.7]) were associated with gambling problems, current or past, among professional athletes. Professional athletes are particularly exposed to both gambling and problem gambling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Grall-Bronnec
- a Clinical Investigation Unit BALANCED "BehaviorAL AddictioNs and ComplEx mood Disorders," Addictology and Psychiatry Department, Nantes University Hospital , Nantes , France.,b EA 4275 SPHERE "bioStatistics, Pharmacoepidemiology and Human sciEnces Research tEam," Nantes University , Nantes , France
| | - Julie Caillon
- a Clinical Investigation Unit BALANCED "BehaviorAL AddictioNs and ComplEx mood Disorders," Addictology and Psychiatry Department, Nantes University Hospital , Nantes , France.,b EA 4275 SPHERE "bioStatistics, Pharmacoepidemiology and Human sciEnces Research tEam," Nantes University , Nantes , France
| | - Elise Humeau
- a Clinical Investigation Unit BALANCED "BehaviorAL AddictioNs and ComplEx mood Disorders," Addictology and Psychiatry Department, Nantes University Hospital , Nantes , France
| | - Bastien Perrot
- b EA 4275 SPHERE "bioStatistics, Pharmacoepidemiology and Human sciEnces Research tEam," Nantes University , Nantes , France
| | - Manon Remaud
- a Clinical Investigation Unit BALANCED "BehaviorAL AddictioNs and ComplEx mood Disorders," Addictology and Psychiatry Department, Nantes University Hospital , Nantes , France.,b EA 4275 SPHERE "bioStatistics, Pharmacoepidemiology and Human sciEnces Research tEam," Nantes University , Nantes , France
| | - Alice Guilleux
- b EA 4275 SPHERE "bioStatistics, Pharmacoepidemiology and Human sciEnces Research tEam," Nantes University , Nantes , France
| | - Bruno Rocher
- a Clinical Investigation Unit BALANCED "BehaviorAL AddictioNs and ComplEx mood Disorders," Addictology and Psychiatry Department, Nantes University Hospital , Nantes , France
| | - Anne Sauvaget
- a Clinical Investigation Unit BALANCED "BehaviorAL AddictioNs and ComplEx mood Disorders," Addictology and Psychiatry Department, Nantes University Hospital , Nantes , France
| | - Gaelle Bouju
- a Clinical Investigation Unit BALANCED "BehaviorAL AddictioNs and ComplEx mood Disorders," Addictology and Psychiatry Department, Nantes University Hospital , Nantes , France.,b EA 4275 SPHERE "bioStatistics, Pharmacoepidemiology and Human sciEnces Research tEam," Nantes University , Nantes , France
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9
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Rossow I, Bang Hansen M. Gambling and gambling policy in Norway--an exceptional case. Addiction 2016; 111:593-8. [PMID: 26537997 DOI: 10.1111/add.13172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the development and current status of gambling and gambling policy in Norway. METHODS An overview of the research literature and official documents and websites. RESULTS Gambling on electronic gaming machines (EGMs) increased dramatically in the 1990s in response to technological development and liberalization of gambling policy. Restrictions on availability of EGM gambling occurred from 2006 to 2009 and included a ban on note acceptors, a temporary ban on EGMs and re-introduction of fewer and less aggressive machines under a state monopoly. The restrictions led to significant decreases in total gambling turnover, and several studies suggest that they led to fewer gambling and gambling problems. Various factors may explain why the restrictions were politically feasible. These include media coverage of gambling concerns and economic compensation for revenue losses under the monopoly. CONCLUSIONS In an international context of deregulation of gambling markets, the Norwegian policy restrictions on gambling availability have represented an exceptional case and provide a rare opportunity to explore the outcomes of such regulations. Overall, studies suggest that the policy restrictions have led to reductions in gambling expenditures and problem gambling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingeborg Rossow
- Norwegian Institute for Alcohol and Drug Research, Oslo, Norway
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10
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Sleczka P, Braun B, Piontek D, Bühringer G, Kraus L. DSM-5 criteria for gambling disorder: Underlying structure and applicability to specific groups of gamblers. J Behav Addict 2015; 4:226-35. [PMID: 26690617 PMCID: PMC4712756 DOI: 10.1556/2006.4.2015.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS DSM-5 provides nine diagnostic criteria for gambling disorder. All criteria have a pre-assumed equal diagnostic impact and are applied to all individuals and groups in an equal manner. The aims of the study are to analyse the structure underlying the diagnosis and to assess whether DSM-5 is equally applicable to different groups of gamblers. METHODS Data from the 2009 German Epidemiological Survey of Substance Abuse and from a study on slot machine gamblers were used. Item Response Theory analysis was applied to estimate discrimination and severity parameters of the criteria. With the use of Differential Item Functioning analysis, potential criterion biases were analysed. We analysed data from 107 participants from the general population sample and 376 participants from the slot machine gamblers' sample who answered a 19-item diagnostic questionnaire based on the DSM criteria for gambling disorder. RESULTS A single underlying factor, the severity of gambling disorder, was identified in both samples. In the general population sample the criteria of preoccupation and chasing were least severe and showed low discriminatory power. Bailout, withdrawal and jeopardized matters criteria had highest severity and discriminatory power. The comparison of the two samples revealed two criterion biases in the preoccupation and tolerance criteria. CONCLUSIONS The structure underlying the criteria is unidimensional but the disorder is manifested differently depending on disorder severity. The assumed equal impact of each criterion lacks support in the findings. The DSM-5 criteria measure a partially different construct in slot machine gamblers than in gamblers in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawel Sleczka
- IFT Institut für Therapieforschung, München, Germany,Corresponding author: Pawel Sleczka; IFT Institut für Therapieforschung, Parzivalstr. 25, D-80804 München, Germany; Phone: +49 (89) 36 08 04 35; Fax: +49 (89) 36 08 04 46; E-mail:
| | - Barbara Braun
- IFT Institut für Therapieforschung, München, Germany
| | | | - Gerhard Bühringer
- IFT Institut für Therapieforschung, München, Germany,Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ludwig Kraus
- IFT Institut für Therapieforschung, München, Germany,Centre for Social Research on Alcohol and Drugs, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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11
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Tira C, Jackson AC. Exploring the Gray Areas: Senior Gamblers' Perceptions Of What Is and What Isn't Gambling. JOURNAL OF GAMBLING ISSUES 2015. [DOI: 10.4309/jgi.2015.31.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The basis of any health promotion or harm minimization initiative is effective engagement of the target audience. However, because “gambling” can be interpreted in a variety of ways, service providers, such as community educators and clinical practitioners, cannot always assume a shared understanding of the meaning of gambling with their clients. This paper aims to help reduce such discrepancies by highlighting conditions in which gambling is usually viewed as gambling by those engaged in the behavior and by describing scenarios that may be more ambiguous. Such awareness can help service providers to maximize engagement efforts while minimizing the stigma typically associated with gambling. Findings are based on secondary analyses of a study that examined pathways leading to late-life problematic gambling by using a grounded theory method. The results suggest that rational decision making may be compromised in otherwise nonvulnerable individuals.
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12
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Meyer G, von Meduna M, Brosowski T, Hayer T. Compliance check of gambler and youth protection in German amusement arcades: a pilot study. INTERNATIONAL GAMBLING STUDIES 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2015.1053822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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13
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Szczyrba Z, Mravčík V, Fiedor D, Černý J, Smolová I. Gambling in the Czech Republic. Addiction 2015; 110:1076-81. [PMID: 25688990 DOI: 10.1111/add.12884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM To provide an overview of gambling and associated problems in the Czech Republic, including an overview of the historical context, legislation, prevalence, treatment and research base and agenda. METHODS A review of literature and relevant sources. RESULTS The trajectory of gambling patterns in the territory of the Czech Republic in the 20th century reflected broad socio-political changes. Those included significant expansion between the wars, strict state control and bans on some gambling activities during the communist regime and finally dynamic development characterized by a boom in electronic gaming machines (EGMs) and increasing accessibility of gambling facilities after 1989, which aggravated gambling-related problems. Many municipalities have banned EGMs, which has created conflict in regulation at state and municipal levels. The draft gambling law prepared in 2014 aims to clarify the regulatory framework. Before 2012 there was only sporadic research interest in gambling, but in 2012 the first complex research on gaming and problem gambling in the Czech population took place. The estimated prevalence of problem gambling is currently 2% in the population aged 15-64 years. Preventive measures, counselling and treatment services for problem gamblers are limited. CONCLUSIONS Weak and ineffective regulation of the gambling market in the Czech Republic during the past 20 years, despite the large growth in gambling, has led to inadequate prevention and response to problem gambling which has become a considerable public health, social and political issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zdeněk Szczyrba
- Department of Geography at the Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Viktor Mravčík
- National Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Addiction, The Office of the Government of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Addictology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - David Fiedor
- Department of Geography at the Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Černý
- National Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Addiction, The Office of the Government of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Irena Smolová
- Department of Geography at the Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Kräplin A, Dshemuchadse M, Behrendt S, Scherbaum S, Goschke T, Bühringer G. Dysfunctional decision-making in pathological gambling: pattern specificity and the role of impulsivity. Psychiatry Res 2014; 215:675-82. [PMID: 24434041 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2013.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Revised: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/22/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Dysfunctional decision-making in individuals with pathological gambling (PGs) may result from dominating reward-driven processes, indicated by higher impulsivity. In the current study we examined (1) if PGs show specific decision-making impairments related to dominating reward-driven processes rather than to strategic planning deficits and (2) whether these impairments are related to impulsivity. Nineteen PGs according to DSM-IV and 19 matched control subjects undertook the Cambridge Gambling Task (CGT) to assess decision-making. The delay discounting paradigm (DDP) as well as the UPPS Impulsive Behavior Scale (measuring urgency, premeditation, perseverance and sensation seeking) were administered as multidimensional measures of impulsivity. Results revealed that (1) PGs exhibited higher risk seeking and an immediate reward focus in the CGT and, in contrast, comparable strategic planning to the control group. (2) Decision-making impairments were related to more severe delay discounting and, specifically, to increased urgency and less premeditation. Our findings suggest (1) the necessity to disentangle decision-making components in order to improve etiological models of PGs, and (2) that urgency and premeditation are specifically related to disadvantageous decision-making and should be tackled in intervention strategies focusing on emotion tolerance and control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Kräplin
- Department of Psychology, Technische Universitaet Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Maja Dshemuchadse
- Department of Psychology, Technische Universitaet Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Silke Behrendt
- Department of Psychology, Technische Universitaet Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan Scherbaum
- Department of Psychology, Technische Universitaet Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Goschke
- Department of Psychology, Technische Universitaet Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Gerhard Bühringer
- Department of Psychology, Technische Universitaet Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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