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Cañas-Álvarez JJ, González-Rodríguez A, Munilla S, Varona L, Díaz C, Baro JA, Altarriba J, Molina A, Piedrafita J. Genetic diversity and divergence among Spanish beef cattle breeds assessed by a bovine high-density SNP chip. J Anim Sci 2016; 93:5164-74. [PMID: 26641036 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2015-9271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The availability of SNP chips for massive genotyping has proven to be useful to genetically characterize populations of domestic cattle and to assess their degree of divergence. In this study, the Illumina BovineHD BeadChip genotyping array was used to describe the genetic variability and divergence among 7 important autochthonous Spanish beef cattle breeds. The within-breed genetic diversity, measured as the marker expected heterozygosity, was around 0.30, similar to other European cattle breeds. The analysis of molecular variance revealed that 94.22% of the total variance was explained by differences within individuals whereas only 4.46% was the result of differences among populations. The degree of genetic differentiation was small to moderate as the pairwise fixation index of genetic differentiation among breeds (F) estimates ranged from 0.026 to 0.068 and the Nei's D genetic distances ranged from 0.009 to 0.016. A neighbor joining (N-J) phylogenetic tree showed 2 main groups of breeds: Pirenaica, Bruna dels Pirineus, and Rubia Gallega on the one hand and Avileña-Negra Ibérica, Morucha, and Retinta on the other. In turn, Asturiana de los Valles occupied an independent and intermediate position. A principal component analysis (PCA) applied to a distance matrix based on marker identity by state, in which the first 2 axes explained up to 17.3% of the variance, showed a grouping of animals that was similar to the one observed in the N-J tree. Finally, a cluster analysis for ancestries allowed assigning all the individuals to the breed they belong to, although it revealed some degree of admixture among breeds. Our results indicate large within-breed diversity and a low degree of divergence among the autochthonous Spanish beef cattle breeds studied. Both N-J and PCA groupings fit quite well to the ancestral trunks from which the Spanish beef cattle breeds were supposed to derive.
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Abstract
ResumenEn el presente estudio se presentan los primeros resultados de la determinación de la estructura genética de tres poblaciones de ganado bovino autóctono cubano: Criollo de Cuba, Cebú Cubano y Siboney de Cuba, para los loci de seis proteínas lácteas (CASA1, CASAB, CASA2, CASK, LAA y LGB). Se analizaron un total de 150 individuos (50 por cada raza), mediante análisis de ADN por PCR-RFLP.Se calcularon las frecuencias alélicas para cadalocusasí como condiciones de equilibrio de Hardy-Weinberg. Fueron identificados los alelos CASA1Cy LAAAcomo evidencia de la presencia de genes deBos indicusen las tres poblaciones cubanas. Se comprobó la existencia de elevada variabilidad en cada población lo que constituye un elemento importante para trazar estrategias de mejoramiento y/o conservación genética.
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Groen AF. A note on the use of DNA fingerprints to assess the coefficient of inbreeding in populations with unknown pedigree. J Anim Breed Genet 2011; 110:156-60. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0388.1993.tb00727.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Geldermann H, Koch J, Köster C, Pieper U. Allele and haplotype frequencies in German Friesian sires during the last decades1. J Anim Breed Genet 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0388.1985.tb00683.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Namikawa T, Ito S, Amano T. Genetic relationships and phylogeny of East and Southeast Asian cattle: genetic distance and principal component analyses. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0388.1984.tb00019.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Astolfi P, Pagnacco G, Guglielmino-Matessi CR. Phylogenetic analysis of native Italian cattle breeds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0388.1983.tb00715.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Analysis of STAT5A/AvaI gene polymorphism in four Italian cattle breeds. Biochem Genet 2009; 47:671-9. [PMID: 19544092 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-009-9263-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2008] [Accepted: 06/08/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The STAT5A/AvaI polymorphism was investigated with PCR-RFLP in a sample of 339 cattle belonging to four breeds: Italian Friesian, Jersey, Italian Brown, and Podolica reared in south Italy. All three possible genotypes for the C/T polymorphism were identified. In these breeds, PCR-RFLP showed the predominance of the TT genotype in Italian Brown and Jersey cows; in Podolica and Italian Friesian CT is the most frequent genotype. The frequency of the T allele ranged from 0.55 to 0.81 in the analyzed populations. The distribution of genotypic and allelic frequencies at this locus was significantly different among the four populations based on a chi2 test (P < 0.001), suggesting that the molecular characteristics of the STAT5A gene could be significantly affected by the breed selection. Gene heterozygosity, gene homozygosity, effective allele number, fixation index, and polymorphism information content (PIC) were calculated. The observed heterozygosity, as well as the Ne and PIC values, indicates high genetic variability in the Podolica breed. Podolica could be considered an interesting reservoir of genetic diversity for a species under high selective pressure elsewhere.
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Cothran EG, MacCluer JW, Weitkamp LR, Bailey E. Genetic differentiation associated with gait within American standardbred horses. Anim Genet 2009; 18:285-96. [PMID: 3481678 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.1987.tb00772.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
American Standardbred horses are divided into two groups based upon gait: the trot and the pace. The tendency to trot (diagonally opposite legs moving forward together) or pace (the two legs on the same side of the body moving forward together) appears to be genetically determined, although no formal genetic analysis has been undertaken. There is nearly complete assortative mating for gait; however, about 20% of the offspring sired by trotters are registered as pacers, while fewer than 1% of those sired by pacers are registered as trotters. Electrophoretically detectable genic variation at 13 protein loci has been analysed for 371 trotters and 856 pacers, and 10 blood group loci have been examined for 600 trotters and 1227 pacers. Trotters and pacers shared common alleles at 20 of the 23 loci; however, there were significant differences in allele frequencies at 21 of the 23 loci. Highly significant fixation indices (FSTS) were observed for 17 of the loci. The extent of genetic difference between Standardbred trotters and pacers was as great as or greater than that seen between some distinct horse breeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- E G Cothran
- Department of Genetics, Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research, San Antonio, Texas
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Abstract
Ten genetic markers were studied in seven Spanish native cattle breeds, using a total of 725 animals. Of the ten, two were found to be monomorphic in all seven breeds. The genetic relationships of the seven breeds are estimated by three different genetic-statistical methods (genetic distances, main coordinate analysis and cluster analysis), which indicate three clearly distinct groups of populations: one where the Cárdena Andaluza and Alistana Sanabresa are very closely related, one comprising Sayaguesa, Morucha, Asturiana de los Valles and Asturiana de la Montaña cattle, and a third, genetically distant from the other two, comprising only Blanca Cacereña. The dendrogram drawn from the genetic distances matrix would seem to imply that the seven breeds are descended from different ancestors.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Gonzalez
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, Spain
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Tanaka K, Oishi T, Kurosawa Y, Suzuki S. Genetic relationship among several pig populations in East Asia analysed by blood groups and serum protein polymorphisms. ANIMAL BLOOD GROUPS AND BIOCHEMICAL GENETICS 2009; 14:191-200. [PMID: 6660595 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.1983.tb01072.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The gene frequencies were calculated to investigate genetic variation apparent in blood group and serum protein systems in Asian native pigs. The results revealed that gene frequencies were generally similar in the nine pig populations, except in some systems. Differences of gene frequencies were recognized in HpY and Cpc detected on Taoyuan pigs of Taiwan and Ohmini pigs of Japan, respectively. TfC and AmC alleles were found in eight pig populations except Ohmini pigs. The overall genetic distances were calculated by gene frequencies of 13 loci and it was observed that Taoyuan pigs are closer to Ohmini pigs than to Short-ear pigs of Taiwan and other East Asian native pigs. However, the genetic distances between Asian native pigs and European or American breeds were larger than those among East Asian native pig populations.
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Baker CM, Manwell C. Chemical classification of cattle. 1. Breed groups. ANIMAL BLOOD GROUPS AND BIOCHEMICAL GENETICS 2009; 11:127-50. [PMID: 6161570 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.1980.tb01503.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
From approximately 1000 papers with data on protein polymorphism in some 216 breeds of cattle, 10 polymorphic proteins were compared in means and variances of gene frequencies (arcsin p 1/2) for ten well-recognized breed groups for 196 of the breeds. The polymorphic proteins were alpha-lactalbumin, beta-lactoglobulin, caseins (alpha s1, beta and chi), serum albumin, transferrin, haemoglobin, amylase I and carbonic anhydrase II. The breed groups were North European, Pied Lowland, European Red brachyceros, Channel Island brachyceros, Upland brachyceros, primigenius-brachyceros mixed, primigenius, Indian Zebu, African Humped (with Zebu admixture), and African Humped (Sanga). The coherence within groups and the differences between groups are often impressive. Only carbonic anhydrase II fails to differentiate at least some of the major breed groups. In some cases paradoxical distributions of rare genetic variants can be explained by a more detailed inspection of breed history. The chemical data support the morphological and geographical divisions of cattle into major breed groups. There are three distinct but related brachyceros groups; for some polymorphisms the two Channel Island breeds, the Jersey and the Guernsey, are quite divergent. Although some authorities have considered the Pied Lowland as primigenius, it is a very distinct breed group.
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Buis RC, Tucker EM. Relationships between rare breeds of sheep in the Netherlands as based on blood-typing. ANIMAL BLOOD GROUPS AND BIOCHEMICAL GENETICS 2009; 14:17-26. [PMID: 6614591 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.1983.tb01056.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Genetic distances between seven Dutch rare breeds of sheep were established as based upon blood groups and biochemical polymorphisms. A rather close relationship was observed between three breeds of heath sheep (Drente, Veluwe and Kempen) and the Schoonebeker sheep. The Mergelland sheep was less related to this cluster. The largest distances were between Friesian sheep and Black Blaze sheep and all others.
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Tao J, Qin ZQ, Tao Y, Wen L, Shu XS, Wang ZC, Liu XW, Li WJ, Hu WX. Genetic relationships among Chinese pigs and other pig populations from Hunan Province, China. Anim Genet 2007; 38:417-20. [PMID: 17614985 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2007.01618.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this study, protein-level polymorphisms of transferrin, pre-albumin, hemopexin, ceruloplasmin and amylase were investigated in Hunan native pigs and Large Yorkshire pigs collected from Hunan (a province of China), allowing calculations of allele frequencies, average heterozygosities, inbreeding coefficients and genetic distances. The genetic relationship between Southeast Asian native pigs and American pigs was more distant than those among Southeast Asian native pig breeds. The genetic relationship between Southeast Asian native pig breeds and Hampshire pigs was the most distant.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Tao
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410076, China
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Prado M, Calo P, Cepeda A, Barros-Velázquez J. Genetic evidence of an Asian background in heteroplasmic Iberian cattle (Bos taurus): effect on food authentication studies based on polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Electrophoresis 2006; 26:2918-26. [PMID: 16007699 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200500011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This work was aimed at identifying nucleotide polymorphic sites in a 359 bp region of the cytochrome b (cytb) mitochondrial gene of Iberian cattle (Bos taurus). This region is widely used as target in polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) species identification studies in foodstuffs destined for human and animal consumption. Two different coexisting restriction patterns were observed in four of the six animals studied when the 359 bp DNA fragment was cleaved with PalI, HinfI, MvaI, RsaI, or MboI. The amplification of both genotypes with the mitochondrial-specific primers L14735 and H15149 revealed the absence of nuclear pseudo-cytb genes, confirming the existence of mitochondrial heteroplasmy. The two coexisting mtDNA fragments were selectively sequenced in PCR extracts in which one genotype predominated over the other, both exhibiting a sequence variation of 10.4%. From the 37 nucleotide mismatches observed between genotypes, 32 were transitions and five were transversions. While 31 of the nucleotide mismatches between genotypes resulted to be conservative at the amino acid level, six changes implied amino acid substitutions, five of them being located in the variable transmembrane region. Genetic analysis suggests the presence of an Asian background in the mitochondria of Iberian cattle: while one of the genotypes matched the published sequence for Bos taurus, the other genotype clustered with a B. primigenius indicus animal and close to an Asian Bos taurus animal. These results also suggest that a number of current PCR-RFLP species identification methods based on cytb sequences may not be reliable for the accurate detection and identification of bovine material: an alternative battery of enzymes consisting of MmeI, NlaIV, and AluI is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Prado
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, School of Veterinary Sciences/College of Biotechnology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
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Wiener P, Burton D, Williams JL. Breed relationships and definition in British cattle: a genetic analysis. Heredity (Edinb) 2004; 93:597-602. [PMID: 15329667 DOI: 10.1038/sj.hdy.6800566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The genetic diversity of eight British cattle breeds was quantified in this study. In all, 30 microsatellites from the FAO panel of markers were used to characterise the DNA samples from nearly 400 individuals. A variety of methods were applied to analyse the data in order to look at diversity within and between breeds. The relationships between breeds were not highly resolved and breed clusters were not associated with geographical distribution. Analyses also defined the cohesiveness or definition of the various breeds, with Highland, Guernsey and Jersey as the best defined and most distinctive of the breeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Wiener
- Roslin Institute (Edinburgh), Roslin, Midlothian EH25 9PS, UK.
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Beja-Pereira A, Erhardt G, Matos C, Gama L, Ferrand N. Evidence for a geographical cline of casein haplotypes in Portuguese cattle breeds. Anim Genet 2002; 33:295-300. [PMID: 12139509 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2052.2002.00871.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Genetic variants of bovine milk proteins have been intensively used to characterize breeds and as markers for population/QTL studies throughout the world. However, a large number of cattle breeds including those found in Portugal, remain unstudied. In this work, we have analysed the genetic variation of six milk protein loci in 10 Portuguese cattle breeds by isoelectric focusing. High genetic diversities were generally found across breeds, with the exception of Mirandesa that showed a trend to fixation of the most common alleles in five loci, as well as of the rarer CSN3B allele. The casein haplotype BA2A was often the most frequent, followed by haplotypes BA2B and BA1A. Remarkably, CA2A was found to be the second most frequent haplotype in Southern breeds, supporting a geographical cline between Central-Northern European breeds and Bos indicus populations. Our data suggest that high genetic similarity among neighbouring Portuguese breeds is mainly caused by gene flow, and that the geographical distribution of particular casein haplotypes may indicate an influence of African cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Beja-Pereira
- Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal (CECA/UP) Campus Agrário de Vairão, Portugal.
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Kelly L, Postiglioni A, De Andrés DF, Vega-Plá JL, Gagliardi R, Biagetti R, Franco J. Genetic characterisation of the Uruguayan Creole horse and analysis of relationships among horse breeds. Res Vet Sci 2002; 72:69-73. [PMID: 12002640 DOI: 10.1053/rvsc.2001.0525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The genetic variability within the Uruguayan Creole horse and its relationship to a group of geographically or historically related breeds (Spanish Pure-bred, Barb, Quarter horse, Paso Fino, Peruvian Paso, Arabian and Thoroughbred horse), was evaluated using 25 loci (seven of blood groups, nine of protein polymorphisms and nine microsatellites) analyzed on a total of 145 Uruguayan Creole horses. In this study, blood group and protein polymorphism variants that are considered to be breed markers of Spanish Pure-bred and Barb horses were detected in the Creole breed. Conversely, some microsatellites and protein polymorphisms alleles were found uniquely in the Creole horse. American horse breeds together with Barb and Arabian horses clearly formed a separate cluster from the Spanish pure-bred and Thoroughbred breeds, as shown by an UPGMA dendrogram based on Nei's standard genetic distance. Data in this study provided evidence for considerable genetic variation within Uruguayan Creole horses and of a distinctive breed profile. Both traits were most likely inherited from the XVIth century Spanish horses, more closely related to Barb than to Spanish Pure-bred.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Kelly
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Republic, Uruguay.
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20
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Pieragostini E, Scaloni A, Rullo R, Di Luccia A. Identical marker alleles in Podolic cattle (Bos taurus) and Indian zebu (Bos indicus). Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2000; 127:1-9. [PMID: 11126744 DOI: 10.1016/s0305-0491(00)00218-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In the context of biochemical marker research and in order to add new information on native breeds, the present work focuses on a local Southern Italy cattle, namely Italian Podolic. We provide the complete structural characterisation of alpha-lactalbumins and beta-globin chains isolated from Podolic cattle (Bos taurus). Given the unavailability of the complete sequence for alpha-lactalbumin A of taurine cattle in the literature, we intended to check its structure in order to ascertain the absence of any possible silent mutation. Screening the Podolic cattle, we found a new beta-globin variant not detectable by conventional methods. The presence of such a new variant might be helpful in the study of the Podolic population genetic structure and for a better knowledge of the gene pool per se, and in comparison with the other breeds. Structural analyses showed that the new beta-globin Podolic variant exhibited the same sequence as beta-globin Azebu. The alpha-lactalbumin A was the same as that isolated from zebu cattle (Bos indicus). The results are discussed in relation to the possible involvement of the two markers in the debate on the origin of the Podolic breed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Pieragostini
- Department Progettazione e Gestione dei Sistemi agro-zootecnico-forestali, Università degli Studi, Bari, Italy
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Jordana J, Piedrafita J, Carre X, Martell A. Conservation genetics of an endangered Catalonian cattle breed ("Alberes"). Genet Mol Biol 1999. [DOI: 10.1590/s1415-47571999000300017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We biochemically analyzed and characterized the genetic structure of a population in danger of extinction ,"Alberes", a local cattle breed of the Catalonian Pyrenees (Spain and France). Ninety-two individuals were analyzed for five polymorphic genetic loci (Hb, Alb, Tf, Gc and Ptf2). The animals were grouped according to coat color: Fagina Alberes variety (N = 39) and Black Alberes variety (N = 53). The genetic structures and relationships between these subpopulations and one "outgroup" breed ("Bruna dels Pirineus") were analyzed and compared by using F-statistics. We determined that inbreeding in the Alberes breed is not significant, since negative and nonsignificant FIT and FIS values were obtained. The average genetic differentiation between subpopulations within the Alberes breed was 1.5% (FST = 0.015; P < 0.05), with an effective number of 4.1 individuals exchanged between subpopulations per generation (gene flow). The results obtained in this study corroborate the potential danger of extinction of the breed. The Black Alberes variety is proposed as the principal nucleus of genetic conservation for this breed, as it seems to show a higher degree of genetic isolation from other foreign populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Jordana
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - A. Martell
- Oficina Comarcal del Baix Empordà, Spain
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Britto CM, Mello MLS. Morphological dimorphism in the Y chromosome of "pé-duro" cattle in the Brazilian State of Piauí. Genet Mol Biol 1999. [DOI: 10.1590/s1415-47571999000300014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
"Pé-duro" (hard foot) is a rare breed of beef cattle of European (Bos taurus taurus) origin, originated in northern and northeastern Brazil. Y chromosome morphology, outer genital elements and other phenotypic characteristics were examined in 75 "pé-duro" bulls from the Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (Embrapa) herd in the Brazilian State of Piauí. The purpose was to investigate possible racial contamination with Zebu animals (Bos taurus indicus) in a cattle that has been considered closest to its European origin (B. t. taurus). The presence of both submetacentric and acrocentric Y chromosomes, typical of B. t. taurus and B. t. indicus, respectively, and the larger preputial sheath in bulls with an acrocentric Y chromosome indicated racial contamination of the "pé-duro" herd with Zebu cattle. Phenotypic parameters involving horn, dewlap, ear, chamfer, and coat color characteristics, indicative of apparent racial contamination, were not associated with acrocentric Y chromosome.
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Martín-Burriel I, García-Muro E, Zaragoza P. Genetic diversity analysis of six Spanish native cattle breeds using microsatellites. Anim Genet 1999; 30:177-82. [PMID: 10442978 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2052.1999.00437.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Six native Spanish cattle breeds have been characterized by using 30 microsatellite markers. The studied populations can be divided into three groups: Brown orthoid (Asturian Mountain, Asturian Lowland and the Nord-west Brown Group), Red convex (Pyrenean and Menorquina) and the Iberian bovine (Fighting bull). Allele frequencies were calculated and used for the characterization of the breeds and the study of their genetic relationships. Different genetic distance measures were calculated and used for dendogram construction. The closest populations were those representing Asturian breeds, the most divergent being Menorquina and Fighting Bull. The latter also showed the lowest diversity values (mean number of alleles per locus and heterozygosity). Genetic distances obtained between the other populations under analysis were similar to those reported for different European cattle breeds. This work analyzes the recent origin of these populations and contributes to the knowledge and genetic characterization of European native breeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Martín-Burriel
- Laboratorio de Genética Bioquímica, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza Miguel Servet, Spain
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Cymbron T, Loftus RT, Malheiro MI, Bradley DG. Mitochondrial sequence variation suggests an African influence in Portuguese cattle. Proc Biol Sci 1999; 266:597-603. [PMID: 10212450 PMCID: PMC1689806 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.1999.0678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of 49 samples from indigenous Portuguese cattle breeds were analysed for sequence variation in the hypervariable region of the mitochondrial DNA D-loop. Sequence comparison and phylogenetic analyses revealed that haplotypes fell into two distinct groups. These corresponded with two separate haplotype clusters into which, respectively, all African, or alternatively all sequences of European origin, have previously been shown to fall. Here, the majority of sequences of African type were encountered in three southern, as compared to three northern breeds. This pattern of African influence may reflect an intercontinental admixture in the initial origins of Iberian breeds, or it is perhaps an introgression dating from the long and influential Moorish occupation of the south of the Iberian peninsula.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Cymbron
- Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal, Instituto de Ciências Biomedicas Abel Salazar, Portugal
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Jordana J, Piedrafita J. The “Bruna dels Pirineus” (Pyrenean brown breed): a genetic study of a rare cattle breed in Catalonia (Spain). BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0305-1978(96)00054-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
Data on allele frequencies at six red cell blood group systems and three blood protein polymorphic loci in five goat breeds are reported. Two blood proteins, albumin and carbonic anhydrase, were not found to be polymorphic. The B blood group system of goats, like its homologue in cattle and sheep, is highly complex. At least 44 B phenogroups (haplotypes) have been distinguished in this study. Based on the variation in allele frequencies between breeds, genetic distances were calculated. The distances estimated by four different methods were in close agreement with data from the history and geographic origins of the breeds examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Pépin
- Laboratoire des Groupes Sanguins, INRA CRJ, Jouy en Josas, France
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Arranz JJ, Bayón Y, Medjugorac I, Primitivo F. Biochemical polymorphisms in Spanish Avileña-Negra Iberica cattle. J Anim Breed Genet 1994; 111:413-7. [PMID: 21395790 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0388.1994.tb00478.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY Thirteen biochemical blood polymorphisms were analysed in a population of 149 Spanish Avileña-Negra Ibérica cattle. The study revealed variation at the following nine loci: HBB, CA, NP, CP, AMY1, ALB, GC, TF and PTF2. The following systems were monomorphic: CAT, DIA1, MDH1 and ME1. Using polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis, a slow, migrating pair of bands was found in the GC protein system. This pattern is probably controlled by the GC(C) allele, described in only a few cases in cattle. Furthermore, starch-gel electrophoresis allowed the detection of a variant with intermediate mobility between the ALB(A) and the ALB(B) alleles at the albumin locus. A variant with a similar electrophoretic pattern has occasionally been reported in cattle. However, utilizing IEF under denaturing conditions, such a variant could not be differentiated from the ALB(A) allele and thus its significance is not clear. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG: Biochemischer Polymorphismus in spanischen Avileña-Negra Iberica Rindern Insgesamt 13 biochemische Systeme wurden in einer Population von 149 spanischen Avilena-Negra-Iberika-Rindern hinsichtlich Polymorphismus analysiert. Es zeigten sich Varianten bei folgenden Loci: HBB, CA, NP, CP, AMY1, ANB, GC, TF und BTF2, während CAT, DEA, MDH1 und ME1 monomorph sind. Bei stärke Gel-Elektrophorese wurde im Albumin-Locus eine Variante mit intermediärer Mobilität zwischen ALB(A) und ÄLB(B) Allel entdeckt. Eine solche Variante wurde bisher nur sehr selten bei Rindern beobachtet. Darüber hinaus wurde bei Polyacrylamid-Gel-Elektrophorese ein langsam wanderndes Paar von Bändern im GC-Proteinsystem gefunden. Dieses Muster ist wahrscheinlich von dem selten vorkommenden GC(C) -Allel verursacht. RESUMEN: Se analizaron trece polimorfismos bioquímicos sanguíneos en una población de 149 animales de la raza Avileña-Negra Ibérica de ganado vacuno. El estudio reveló la existencia de variación en los nueve loci siguientes: HBB, CA, NP, CP, AMY1, ALB, GC, TF y PTF2. Fueron monomórficos los sistemas siguientes: CAT, DIA1, MDH1 y ME1. Utilizando eletroforesis en gel de poliacrilamida se encontró un par de bandas de migración lenta en el sistema de la proteína GC. Este patrón probablemente está controlado por el infrecuente alelo GC(C) , descrito en unos pocos casos en el ganado vacuno. Además, la electroforesis en gel de almidón permitió detectar en el locus de la albúmina una banda con movilidad intermedia entre los alelos ALB(A) y ALB(B) . Una variante con un patrón electroforético similar ha sido descrita en muy pocas ocasiones en el ganado vacuno. Sin embargo, la utilización de IEF en condiciones desnaturalizantes no permitió diferenciar esta variante del alelo ALB(A) y, por lo tanto, el significado de la misma no está claro.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Arranz
- Departamento de Productión Animal, Universidad de León, Spain and Lehrstuhl für Tierzucht der Technischen Universität München, Germany
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Tanabe Y, Ôta K, Ito S, Hashimoto Y, Sung YY, Ryu JK, Faruque MO. Biochemical-genetic relationships among Asian and European dogs and the ancestry of the Japanese native dog. J Anim Breed Genet 1991. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0388.1991.tb00207.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Arana A, Zaragoza P, Rodellar C, Amorena B. Blood biochemical polymorphisms as markers for genetic characteristics of wild Spanish and domestic rabbits. Genetica 1989; 79:1-9. [PMID: 2591740 DOI: 10.1007/bf00056059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Seventeen blood proteins were studied in a sample of 412 Spanish wild rabbits and in 598 domestic rabbits belonging to various breeds. The wild rabbit populations showed a high level of genetic polymorphism. Six loci were monomorphic, while the remaining ten loci were segregating for at least two alleles. Two of the loci that were polymorphic in the wild rabbits were monomorphic in the domestic ones. Wright's inbreeding coefficient in the total Spanish wild rabbit population was F = 5.66, indicating subdivision of the total population. Inbreeding coefficients, estimated by Kidd et al.'s method (Anim. Blood Grps, Biochem. Genet. 11: 21-38), differed significantly from zero, being 15.62%, in wild rabbits and 6-12% in domestic breeds, indicating consanguinity. Genetic distances between wild rabbit populations showed that factors other than geographic distance (e.g., bottlenecks, barriers such as rivers, mountains, etc.) may explain the result that a northern population forms a cluster with two central populations whereas the northeastern populations form a different cluster with another central population. Populations of the first cluster are more closely related to the captive populations than others. There are three population clusters of domestic rabbits, namely (1) New Zealand White and a hybrid combination; (2) Spanish Common, Butterfly, Burgundy, and Californian; and (3) Spanish Giant.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Arana
- Department of Genetics, Veterinary Faculty of Zaragoza, Spain
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CASATI MZANOTTI, GANDINI GC, LEONE P, ROGNONI G. Genetic relationship among four sheep breeds of the Italian Alpine Ark1. J Anim Breed Genet 1988. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0388.1988.tb00283.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Ostergaard H, Nielsen G, Johansen H. Genetic variation in cultivars of diploid ryegrass,Lolium perenne andL. multiflorum, at five enzyme systems. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 1985; 69:409-421. [PMID: 24253910 DOI: 10.1007/bf00570911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/1984] [Accepted: 06/27/1984] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Samples of approximately 100 plants from each of 22 populations ofLolium perenne representing 15 cultivars, and from 13 populations ofLolium multiflorum representing six cultivars were scored for iso-zyme variants in five enzyme systems, PGI, GOT, ACP, PGM and 6-PGD. From the individual banding patterns a genetic interpretation of the variation was formulated and population studies of the resulting six polymorphic enzyme loci were performed. No strong indications of partial selfing was found since at four of the six loci,Pgi 2, Got 3, Pgm 1 andPgd 1, the genotypic proportions were in correspondence with the Hardy-Weinberg expectations. This indicated, further, that the genetical interpretations of the banding patterns might be correct. Deviations from Hardy-Weinberg proportions forAcp 1 andGot 2 indicated presumably selection working on the linkage group including these loci. Gametic phase disequilibrium was observed betweenPgi 2 andPgd 1 for populations of one cultivar. These results were discussed in relation to the variation expected within a cultivar.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ostergaard
- Agricultural Research Department, Risø National Laboratory, DK-4000, Roskilde, Denmark
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Mahin L, Mammad S. Distribution of two alleles of erythrocytic nucleoside phosphorylase in different indigenous and imported Moroccan cattle populations. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. B, COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY 1982; 73:543-6. [PMID: 6817961 DOI: 10.1016/0305-0491(82)90072-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Murphey RM, Bahre CJ, Penedo MC, Webster GL. Foraging differences in cattle: fecal analysis of three racial categories in a harsh environment. Behav Genet 1981; 11:385-94. [PMID: 7325944 DOI: 10.1007/bf01070821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Feces from three racial categories of cattle being raised together in degraded, desertic-thorn forest environment in northwestern Mexico were compared for plant epidermal cell content. There were statistically significant group differences for approximately one-third of the plant material found in the feces. The proportional fecal differences between racial categories were similar to those found previously for B-system blood types. The feces of Bos taurus-like cattle contained a greater variety of plants than did those of B indicus-like animals. The findings have implications for studies of behavioral evolution, the effects of cattle on ecology, and cattle husbandry.
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Murphey RM, Duarte FA, Torres Penedo MC. Responses of cattle to humans in open spaces: breed comparisons and approach-avoidance relationships. Behav Genet 1981; 11:37-48. [PMID: 7259721 DOI: 10.1007/bf01065826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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