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The patient-specific functional scale: psychometrics, clinimetrics, and application as a clinical outcome measure. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2012; 42:30-42. [PMID: 22031594 DOI: 10.2519/jospt.2012.3727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Systematic review of the literature. OBJECTIVE To summarize peer-reviewed literature on the reliability, validity, and responsiveness of the Patient-Specific Functional Scale (PSFS), and to identify its use as an outcome measure. METHODS Searches were performed of several electronic databases from 1995 to May 2010. Studies included were published articles containing (1) primary research investigating the psychometric and clinimetrics of the PSFS or (2) the implementation of the PSFS as an outcome measure. We assessed the methodological quality of studies included in the first category. RESULTS Two hundred forty-two articles published from 1994 to May 2010 were identified. Of these, 66 met the inclusion criteria for this review, with 13 reporting the measurement properties of the PSFS, 55 implementing the PSFS as an outcome measure, and 2 doing both of the above. The PSFS was reported to be valid, reliable, and responsive in populations with knee dysfunction, cervical radiculopathy, acute low back pain, mechanical low back pain, and neck dysfunction. The PSFS was found to be reliable and responsive in populations with chronic low back pain. The PSFS was also reported to be valid, reliable, or responsive in individuals with a limited number of acute, subacute, and chronic conditions. This review found that the PSFS is also being used as an outcome measure in many other conditions, despite a lack of published evidence supporting its validity in these conditions. CONCLUSION Although the use of the PSFS as an outcome measure is increasing in physiotherapy practice, there are gaps in the research literature regarding its validity, reliability, and responsiveness in many health conditions.
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Genetic Structure and Variation of Van Cats. Biochem Genet 2011; 49:511-22. [DOI: 10.1007/s10528-011-9426-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2010] [Accepted: 11/16/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Braend M, Tucker EM, Clarke SW. Search for genetic variation in the blood of Norwegian dairy goats reveals a new polymorphism at the Hb beta A locus. Anim Genet 2009; 18:75-9. [PMID: 3474913 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.1987.tb00746.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A total of 150 blood samples tested for serum albumin and transferrin and for red cell carbonic anhydrase, phosphoglucomutase, phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, phosphohexose isomerase, nucleoside phosphorylase, acid phosphatase, 'X'-protein and potassium concentration only showed variation at the 'X' protein and nucleoside phosphorylase loci. Isoelectric focusing over pH range 6-8 showed 145 samples to be of haemoglobin type A and 5 type AD. The haemoglobin A type was resolved into further types by separation over pH 6.9-7.5 in Immobiline polyacrylamide gels. A 2- or 4-band pattern was present in 136 of the samples; a genetic hypothesis based on four or more different haemoglobin A variants is proposed. 14 samples had a 3-, 5- or 6-band pattern. It is assumed that these are heterozygous for a variant of the II alpha gene.
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Fésüs L, Várkonyi J, Ats A. Biochemical polymorphisms in goats with special reference to the Hungarian Native breed. ANIMAL BLOOD GROUPS AND BIOCHEMICAL GENETICS 2009; 14:1-6. [PMID: 6614590 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.1983.tb01054.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Biochemical polymorphisms (haemoglobin, serum transferrin, serum albumin, serum amylase, red cell phosphohexose isomerase, red cell carbonic anhydrase, ceruloplasmin and aryl esterase) of 224 Hungarian Native female goats and 21 imported male goats (German Improved, Saanen, Nubian, Slovakian White) have been studied. On the basis of the observed gene frequency values these polymorphic traits cannot be used efficiently in parentage control work or in correlation studies. There was no apparent association between the haemoglobin and transferrin type of the females and their reproductive performance.
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Tucker EM, Denis B, Kilgour L. Blood genetic marker studies of a sheep-goat hybrid and its back-cross offspring. Anim Genet 2009; 20:179-86. [PMID: 2757269 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.1989.tb00855.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Blood samples from a female sheep-goat hybrid and its back-cross male offspring were tested for electrophoretic variants of plasma albumin, transferrin and esterase, and of red cell carbonic anhydrase, nucleoside phosphorylase, NADH-diaphorase, 'X'-protein, superoxide dismutase, malic enzyme and haemoglobin. Red cells were also tested for blood group antigens. Both animals showed variants that could not be attributed to either sheep or goat alone, thus confirming previous chromosomal data that the female was a genuine sheep-goat hybrid.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Tucker
- AFRC Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics Research, Babraham, Cambridge, UK
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Hasima N, Dhaliwal SS, Mukherjee TK. The red cell 'X'-protein system in goats: evidence for a third allele in a Malaysian breed. Anim Genet 2009; 19:37-41. [PMID: 3377277 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.1988.tb00786.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Genetic polymorphism of the 'X'-protein in red cells from Malaysian Katjang goats was demonstrated by starch gel electrophoresis at pH 7.3. Two new phenotypes were observed, suggesting that one new allele is involved. A new nomenclature for the 'X'-protein system in goats is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Hasima
- Department of Genetics and Cellular Biology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur
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7
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Wang SQ, Foote WC, Bunch TD. Transferrin and haemoglobin polymorphism in domesticated goats in the USA. Anim Genet 2009; 22:91-4. [PMID: 2024785 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.1991.tb00650.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The distribution of transferrin (Tf) and haemoglobin (Hb) polymorphisms in five goat breeds in the USA is reported. Two Tf types, A and B, were identified. A significant difference in frequency (P less than 0.05) was observed only between the Spanish and Alpine goats. Haemoglobin beta-globin variants, Hb beta A, Hb beta D and Hb beta E were observed with isoelectric focusing at pH ranges 5-8 and 6.7-7.7. Hb beta D was not found in the Alpine and Angora breeds. Haemoglobin allelic frequencies varied widely and differed significantly (P less than 0.05) among breeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Q Wang
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan
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8
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Abstract
This paper describes for the first time polymorphism of the erythrocyte diaphorase in goats. Three diaphorase 1 phenotypes were observed in the red cells of goats. Breeding data indicated that polymorphism was controlled by two autosomal codominant alleles, DiaF and DiaS, the frequencies of which were determined in 14 different Spanish breeds of goat.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Tuñon
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, Spain
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9
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Naitana S, Ledda S, Cocco E, Manca L, Masala B. Haemoglobin phenotypes of the wild European mouflon sheep living on the island of Sardinia. Anim Genet 2009; 22:67-75. [PMID: 2024783 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.1991.tb00647.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Haemoglobin (Hb) phenotypes have been studied in 100 wild European mouflons living on the island of Sardinia by means of isoelectric focusing (pH 6.7-7.7 range) of the native tetramers, acid-urea-Triton gel-electrophoresis, and reversed-phase HPLC of globin chains. The result indicates the presence of two beta-globin alleles one of which, corresponding to the beta B, being the most common (f = 0.94). None were carriers of the earlier described Hb A. The new Hb was provisionally named Hb M. Severely anaemic mouflons were able to synthesize Hb C at expense of the Hb B alone, thus suggesting structural and physiological homologies between mouflon beta B and sheep beta A globin genes, and between the newly observed beta M allele and the beta B of the domestic Sardinian sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Naitana
- Institute of Physiology of Domestic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Italy
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Barbancho M, Llanes D, Morera L, Garzón R, Rodero A. Genetic markers in the blood of Spanish goat breeds. ANIMAL BLOOD GROUPS AND BIOCHEMICAL GENETICS 2009; 15:207-12. [PMID: 6595954 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.1984.tb01117.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Biochemical variation of four genetic markers (Hb, Al, Tf, 'X' protein) in the blood of four Spanish goat breeds was analysed with starch gel electrophoresis. The frequencies at all of these loci have been calculated for the Spanish goats and compared with some of the goat breeds studied so far by other authors.
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11
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Buis RC, Tucker EM. Relationships between rare breeds of sheep in the Netherlands as based on blood-typing. ANIMAL BLOOD GROUPS AND BIOCHEMICAL GENETICS 2009; 14:17-26. [PMID: 6614591 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.1983.tb01056.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Genetic distances between seven Dutch rare breeds of sheep were established as based upon blood groups and biochemical polymorphisms. A rather close relationship was observed between three breeds of heath sheep (Drente, Veluwe and Kempen) and the Schoonebeker sheep. The Mergelland sheep was less related to this cluster. The largest distances were between Friesian sheep and Black Blaze sheep and all others.
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12
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Di Stasio L, Cristofori F, Sartore G. Phenotypic variations in blood and milk of the Somali camel. ANIMAL BLOOD GROUPS AND BIOCHEMICAL GENETICS 2009; 14:225-8. [PMID: 6660598 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.1983.tb01076.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
132 blood samples and 54 milk samples obtained from Somali camel were analysed for red blood cell antigens with the cattle reagents and for Hb, Ca, X proteins, Tf, Alb, Am, SOD, alpha-La, beta-Lg and casein systems respectively. Positive lytic reactions were obtained with the anti-B, -Q, -Q', -W, -F1 and -J reagents. No biochemical polymorphism was observed except for Hb, X protein and beta-Lg systems.
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13
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Tucker EM, Clarke SW, Osterhoff DR, Groenewald J. An investigation of five genetic loci controlling polymorphic variants in the red cells of goats. ANIMAL BLOOD GROUPS AND BIOCHEMICAL GENETICS 2009; 14:269-77. [PMID: 6426349 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.1983.tb01084.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Results of a joint study carried out in South Africa and England to search for new genetic markers in the blood of goats are presented. Haemoglobin (Hb) phenotypes were reinvestigated with the technique of isoelectric focusing; frequencies in different goat breeds are given. Anaemic Hb type A, AB and B goats all produced a Hb C with an identical electrophoretic pattern. All goats tested had identical carbonic anhydrase (CA) types, but showed polymorphism of 'X' protein. Preliminary results indicated that nucleoside phosphorylase (NP) may be polymorphic.
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14
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Serreri E, Hadjisterkotis E, Sherbini S, Suni MPD, Manca L, Pirastru M, Masala B. Structure and organization of Caprinae globin genes. EUR J WILDLIFE RES 2002. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02192418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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15
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Mwacharo J, Otieno C, Okeyo A. Genetic variations between indigenous fat-tailed sheep populations in Kenya. Small Rumin Res 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0921-4488(02)00081-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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16
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Menrad M, Stier CH, Geldermann H, Gall C. A study on the Changthangi pashmina and the Bakerwali goat breeds in Kashmir. Small Rumin Res 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0921-4488(01)00265-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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17
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Corda M, Giardina B, Pellegrini M, Manca L, Olianas A, Sanna MT, Fais A, Masala B. A comparative study on the functional properties of the wild European mouflon and domestic sheep hemoglobins. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 1997; 117:417-20. [PMID: 9253179 DOI: 10.1016/s0305-0491(97)00138-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The functional properties of Hb B of the wild European mouflon (Ovis gmelini musimon), Hb B of domestic sheep (Ovis aries), and Hb C isolated from anemic mouflon were investigated. Mouflon and sheep Hbs appear to be very similar in their response to organic anions and protons, whereas sheep Hb B displays an oxygen affinity lower than that of mouflon Hb B and sheep Hb A. Mouflon Hb B and Hb C, like sheep Hb A and Hb C, have similar efficiencies in transporting oxygen to the tissues. As in other ruminant Hbs, the effect of temperature on the oxygen affinity is slight. Data suggest that mouflon Hb B is not only structurally, but even functionally, more similar to sheep Hb A than to sheep Hb B.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Corda
- Istituto di Chimica Biologica, Università di Cagliari, Italy
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18
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Manca L, Ferranti P, Barone F, Nitti G, Malorni A, Pucci P, Naitana S, Masala B. Sheep haemoglobin I or beta B13(A10)Gly-->Ser: an example of a CpG mutation in vertebrates. Characterization using FAB-mass spectrometry and amino acid sequencing. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1993; 25:1935-8. [PMID: 8138031 DOI: 10.1016/0020-711x(88)90327-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
1. The amino acid substitution which characterizes the haemoglobin I variant from sheep has been ascertained using a combination of Fast Atom Bombardment mass spectrometry and protein sequencing. 2. A Ser for Gly substitution at position 13 (10 of the A helix) was found in a polypeptide with the overall sequence of the beta B globin. 3. On the basis of the nucleotide sequence of the beta B-globin gene, a C to T transition occurring on a CpG doublet is considered to be responsible for the amino acid substitution. 4. This represents the first observation of a variant sheep Hb due to a mutation which is rather common in the human genome. 5. Amongst ruminants, serine is normally present at position 13 of goat and sheep epsilon II and gamma chains and of bovine gamma chain which had an independent and more ancient evolutionary origin than the beta chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Manca
- Istituto di Fisiologia Generale e Chimica Biologica, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Italy
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19
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Masala B, Manca L, Cocco E, Ledda S, Naitana S. Kinetics of the ontogenic and reversible hemoglobin switching in the mouflon (Ovis musimon) and sheep x mouflon hybrid. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. A, COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY 1991; 100:675-80. [PMID: 1723669 DOI: 10.1016/0300-9629(91)90388-s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
1. Hemoglobin (Hb) switching in the perinatal life of wild mouflon (Ovis musimon) was characterized by the replacement of Hb F by 60% levels of Hb C, and subsequently of Hb C by Hb B. 2. The recently discovered Hb M variant was not replaced by Hb C; thus, Hb BM heterozygote newborns synthesized 30% Hb C at the expense of Hb B. 3. Hybrid B mouflon x B sheep synthesized only 5% Hb C at birth but were able to produce 30% Hb C in adult life following induced anemia. 4. Adult BB and BM mouflons, after the same extent of induced anemia, synthesized HB C levels similar to those produced at birth. The results indicate a mouflon beta-globin gene cluster arrangement similar to those of sheep and goat, the beta C gene having an intermediate expression. Results also suggest a selective disadvantage in hybrid animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Masala
- Istituto di Fisiologia Generale e Chimica Biologica, Università di Sassari, Italy
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Kilgour L, Dixon SC, Tucker EM. Two new sheep haemoglobins, one of which is replaced by haemoglobin C in anaemia. Anim Genet 1990; 21:115-21. [PMID: 2386310 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.1990.tb03215.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Two new haemoglobin variants, provisionally named Hb G and Hb H, were found during a survey of 295 Welsh Mountain cross-bred sheep. Both haemoglobins appear to be beta chain variants controlled by genes allelic to those for the common forms Hb A and Hb B. Studies on an anaemic Hb AH and an Hb AG type sheep showed that Hb G, like Hb A, is replaced by Hb C in anaemia whereas Hb H, like Hb B, is not replaced.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Kilgour
- AFRC Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics Research, Babraham, Cambridge, UK
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21
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Schreiber A, Matern B. Genetic investigations and pedigree analysis in captive barbary sheep (Ammotragus lervia pallas 1777). Zoo Biol 1989. [DOI: 10.1002/zoo.1430080306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Braend M, Tucker EM. Hemoglobin types in Saanen goats and Barbary sheep: genetic and comparative aspects. Biochem Genet 1988; 26:511-8. [PMID: 3228449 DOI: 10.1007/bf02399418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
By the use of the Immobiline technique at pH ranges 7.0-7.6 and 6.9-7.9, 16 different hemoglobin (Hb) phenotypes were observed in 61 English Saanen goats. They are explained in this breed by a genetic theory of five beta-globin genes (A4, A6, A8, E, and D) and two closely linked alpha-globin loci ('alpha and "alpha) of which the "alpha has a variant allele, provisionally called "alpha X. Family data together with observed and expected Hb frequencies were in agreement with the genetic theory. Among six Barbary sheep there were three Hb phenotypes explained by the occurrence of the beta-chain alleles B and Cna.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Braend
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Norwegian College of Veterinary Medicine, Oslo
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23
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Hemoglobin types in saanen goats and Barbary sheep: Genetic and comparative aspects. Biochem Genet 1988. [DOI: 10.1007/pl00020547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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24
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Stratil A, Bobák P. Comparison of biochemical polymorphisms in mouflon and sheep: isoelectric differences in haemoglobins and quantitative variation of mouflon haemopexin. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. B, COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY 1988; 90:159-62. [PMID: 3396322 DOI: 10.1016/0305-0491(88)90054-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
1. Of ten protein systems studied in mouflon (Ovis musimon), five were polymorphic (Tf, Hpx, EsA, X-protein, Cat). Electrophoretic mobilities of mouflon proteins did not differ from those of sheep. 2. Mouflon haemoglobin B and sheep haemoglobin B differed in isoelectric focusing. 3. Haemopexin levels in mouflon were determined by rocket immunoelectrophoresis. A trimodal distribution was apparent, with no haemopexin, low and high levels of the protein. The results are indicative of genetic control of haemopexin levels, one of the alleles being inactive (Hpx0).
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Affiliation(s)
- A Stratil
- Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Libĕchov
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Stein JM, Tucker EM, Ellory JC, Kilgour L. L-antigen and active potassium transport in HK and LK red cells of Barbary sheep (Ammotragus lervia). COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. A, COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY 1987; 87:711-6. [PMID: 2887356 DOI: 10.1016/0300-9629(87)90387-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
1. The potassium concentration in red cells of 21 Barbary sheep showed a bimodal distribution, with five animals of LK type (K+ conc. 30-45 mM) and 16 of HK type (K+ conc. 80-95 mM). 2. Evidence is presented that both Lp and Ll antigens are present on LK Barbary sheep red cells. 3. Active K+ transport in LK Barbary sheep red cells was stimulated 3-5 fold by sheep and goat anti-L. 4. Active K+ transport in HK Barbary sheep red cells was higher than in LK red cells. Five out of six HK animals tested showed no stimulation of active K+ transport with anti-L. One HK animal (2BA2) showed some stimulation of active K+ transport, and also absorbed some anti-L from antisera, suggesting that Lp antigen is present on these red cells. 5. Ouabain-sensitive ATPase in membranes from HK and LK Barbary sheep red cells showed kinetics characteristic of HK and LK membranes of domestic goats and sheep; the ATPase of LK Barbary sheep membranes sensitized with anti-L was stimulated 2-fold due to an alteration in the internal sodium and potassium affinities in favour of sodium.
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Abstract
In rodents, chimaeric blastocysts produced by combining embryonic cells of two different species have been used in investigations of cell lineage and interaction during development (Mus musculus-Rattus norvegicus, M. musculus-Clethrionomys glareolus, M. musculus-Mus caroli). However, interspecific chimaerism also offers new approaches to the study of reproductive incompatibilities between species and may even allow such incompatibilities to be neutralized, thus improving the chances of successful hybridization and interspecific embryo transplantation. We report here the production of sheep-goat chimaeras by embryo manipulation and the use of interspecific chimaerism to allow successful interspecific embryo transplantation in sheep and goats.
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